Chasing a ghost. Why Hitler was searched for many years after the war

How did Adolf Hitler die? Did he take poison, shoot himself, or did he die peacefully in his own bed? The answer to this question has been worrying many people for almost seventy years. And not in vain. The version of Hitler's successful escape from the Reich Chancellery has been exaggerated from the very moment of the capture of Berlin. It has been refuted more than once, but with enviable persistence it reappears...

Incomprehensible beginning

On April 30, 1945, a message arrived in Moscow about Hitler's death. Stalin's reaction was restrained: "Finished, scoundrel!" Then came the business question: "Where is the body?" In Berlin, the question was forwarded to the parliamentarian, German General Hans Kreb. He replied that Hitler's corpse was burned at the stake ... Apparently, Stalin did not believe the words of the German, and in early May a TASS message appeared in the newspapers: "Hitler's death is a new fascist trick ..."

By that time, groups to search for and capture Hitler had already been formed in all the armies storming Berlin. And on May 2, two dead doubles of Hitler were discovered by Soviet officers on the territory of the Reich Chancellery. One of them was found in an underground bomb shelter, the second - in a fire pool in the yard. Both were shot in the face.

The captured Vice-Admiral Hans Voss, who was brought in for identification, looked at one of the discovered "Fuhrer" and said: "This is Hitler, and no one else." And only when he noticed that the “Reich Chancellor” had darned socks on his feet, Voss began to doubt ...

On July 17, 1945, during a dinner in Potsdam, Stalin announced to Truman that Hitler had escaped. On that day, 78 days had passed since his "death".

charred remains

The next corpses of unknown men and women were discovered on May 4 in a crater from an air bomb in the garden of the Reich Chancellery. The burnt bodies could not be identified. Therefore, the remains were ordered to be buried. This find was not given any importance, because on that day the corpse of the second double was identified.

LIFE correspondent inspects the place where the "remains of Hitler" were buried.

But soon an SS man from Hitler's guard said that he personally observed the removal of the bodies of "Hitler and his wife" and their "burial" in the garden ... The remains were dug up again, and on May 8 a forensic medical examination took place in the hospital.

The conclusion read: “No characteristic signs were found on the body changed by fire ...” So by May 9, the detectives had no evidence that the charred body was the ruler of the Third Reich. Only the jaw of the "Hitler" was well preserved, but there was nothing to compare it with.

"Unexpected Luck"

The investigators went in search of the dental clinic of Professor Blaschke, who served Hitler. And then the officers began to get lucky. They found the professor's assistant, Fraulein Heuserman, and she described from memory all the "repair work" of the Fuhrer. Moreover, she told the Russian officers where to look for Adolf's medical history.

As if by magic, radiographs and even gold crowns were found in the bunker of the Reich Chancellery, which Blaschke never had time to put on Hitler's teeth. Soon, the scouts also found a dental technician who accurately described the prostheses he made for the Fuhrer and Eva Braun, and then identified them.

However, at the beginning of June 1945, for some reason, a strange order from Stalin came out: all information about the “unknown man (presumably Hitler)” was declared a state secret.

New consequence

And yet, it was not possible to silence the story of the death of the Fuhrer. At the end of 1945, the British and Americans proposed that the Soviet government conduct a joint investigation. The Soviet side accepted the offer, but did not share information with anyone. Perhaps because the new investigation has given more questions than answers.

One of Hitler's doubles was his driver (in the photo he is to the left of (Hitler). The driver very often replaced Hitler at various events. According to one version, it was he who was "killed by Hitler" ...

It all started with the fact that the NKVD specialists again began to verify the results of the previous investigation, since most of the witnesses to Hitler's death were at hand - in Soviet prisons. According to the testimony of the prisoners, the picture of Hitler's suicide looked as follows.

On April 30, at 15.30, the Fuhrer closed himself in the office, and after a while the Fuhrer's valet Heinz Linge and Bormann entered the office and saw the Fuhrer and Eva Braun sitting on the sofa with no signs of life. On Hitler's left temple, Linge noticed the entrance hole of a bullet.

True, Linge confessed to his cellmate informer: “I don’t know if this is really a bullet wound - they could have drawn this red spot ...”

oddities

Then the SS men doused the corpses of Hitler and Eva Braun with gasoline and set them on fire.

Moreover, only Bormann and Linge saw the dead Hitler. The rest of the witnesses saw the Hitler couple already wrapped in gray blankets. The act of investigation also noted the presence of spots of "red-brown" color on the armrest of the sofa. The upholstery elements were sent to the Moscow forensic laboratory for blood type determination. Express analysis gave a stunning result: the substance under study is not blood!..

Well, the English doctor Hugh Thomas, having gained access to the State Archives of the USSR, subjected the examination of photographs of the jaws of the “alleged Hitler” and an x-ray of Hitler’s oral cavity, which was stored in the US National Archives. As a result, a sensational conclusion: the bridge put into the mouth of the "Hitler" found in the funnel does not correspond to the curvature of his jaw! The bridge was clearly a part of the wrong person.

random victim

The corpse of Eva Braun also "gave surprises." According to a medical examination, the Eve found in the funnel had only 11 teeth of her own. Moreover, the teeth of the found woman were in poor condition - they turned yellow and contained many fillings and crowns. But Eva Braun touchingly cared about her appearance all her life. She had 24 of her teeth, of which only three were sealed.

Shortly before his death, Hitler and Eva Braun married

Most likely, the unknown woman, whose body they tried to pass off as the body of Eva Braun, was an accidental victim of shelling and picked her up somewhere on the adjacent street.

Ready

Needless to say, the Fuhrer had a chance to escape, and not bad. For the highest ranks of the SS at the turn of 1944 - 1945, a secret evacuation route "Rat Path" was created, which led through Austria to Rome, where one of the highest hierarchs of the Catholic Church provided the fugitives with false documents. From Rome, the Nazis went to Spain, Argentina, Ecuador ...

Passenger list approved on 20 April 1945 from Berlin to Barcelona. The first is Hitler, the name of Goebbels, his wife and children is crossed out

And starting in March 1945, ten submarine captains based in Hamburg were ordered to maintain a constant readiness for the evacuation of members of the Reich government ...

Calm old age

So over the years after the war, the aspen stake was never driven into Hitler's grave. Moreover, in the recently published book of the Argentine writer Abel Basti "Hitler in Argentina" it is said that the Fuhrer, together with Eva Braun, fled to Argentina, where he lived until 1964. The author of the sensational study relies on declassified FBI archives.

In particular, - the author comments, - in the book I publish a secret report dated August 1945, which refers to the possibility of the Fuhrer's arrival to the shores of Patagonia. Most likely, Hitler and seven other Nazi leaders landed from a German submarine off the coast of Caleta de los Loros, in the southern province of Rio Negro, in July-August 1945.

Hitler's submarine was accompanied by two more submarines, and all of them were flooded after the passengers disembarked, and this is a proven fact: three German submarines really rest at a depth of 30 meters at the site of Hitler's alleged landing. Unfortunately, we still have not been able to fully explore what is inside the submarines - this is too expensive an expedition.

Adolf Hitler died, according to the publicist, in 1964.

Photo of a man who died in 1964 in South America. According to a number of researchers, this was Adolf Hitler

In the book, I also published the story of a woman, Catalina Gamero, who served Hitler during his stay at the villa of the Eickhorns - these are well-known financial agents of Nazi Germany in South America. This woman is still alive, she is in her right mind and remembers such details that it is impossible to come up with ...

But what about the remains of Hitler stored in Moscow, you ask?

All these remains are pure farce, says Abel Basti. - There is no evidence of Hitler's death. The fact that Hitler managed to escape was unbearable for the USSR - so they created the myth of his suicide in the bunker ...

Declassified Archives

Be that as it may, the Russian secret services continue to claim that Hitler committed suicide in 1945. So, in April 2000, at the exhibition “The Collapse of the Third Reich”, organized by the Museum of the Russian Army and the FSB, truly sensational materials on this topic were presented. Judging by these documents, the remains of the dictator were "burnt completely" in 1970, and the ashes were scattered. It happened at the tank range of one of the parts of the Western Group of Forces.

According to a declassified criminal case, on June 3, 1945, the charred remains of Hitler and Eva Braun were taken to the Rathenow area, where they were buried.

For a quarter of a century, the USSR kept all this in absolute secrecy. And so, in 1970, the decision was made to "finish forever" the story of Hitler's death. This dramatic and dark epilogue to World War II was directed by Yuri Andropov, then head of the KGB. The operation was codenamed "Archive".

The task force of the KGB arrived in Magdeburg, at the location of the Soviet military camp. The remains of Hitler and Braun were brought there after being removed from the ground. Then they were burned and thrown into the Elbe ...

According to the official version, Adolf Hitler's death occurred on April 30, 1945 in an underground bunker located under the Reich Chancellery at the address: Berlin, Wilhelmstrasse 77. By this time, Soviet troops had already completed the assault on the capital of Nazi Germany. Fierce battles were fought in the city center. Selected German troops were concentrated here. Every street, every house, every floor, the soldiers of the 1st Belorussian and 1st Ukrainian fronts had to be taken at the cost of incredible human losses.

Artillery cannonade thundered endlessly, it was echoed by automatic bursts. The noise was incredible, but silence reigned in the Fuhrer's headquarters. Thick marbled walls, excellent sound insulation, the depth of the dungeon - all this reliably protected the premises with people in them from any sounds raging on the surface.

Adolf Hitler dined on April 30 with his wife Eva Braun and a small group of close associates. At the end of the meal, he announced his decision to die and dictated a political testament. The couple then proceeded to their quarters. An hour and a half later, a single shot rang out.

He was heard by the Fuhrer's adjutant Otto Günsche, who was constantly on duty at the door to the Fuhrer's living quarters. He immediately reported this to the senior footman Hein Linge. The men called for the head of the party office, Martin Bormann, and all together went to the living quarters of the great dictator.

A terrible sight met their eyes. Adolf Hitler was leaning back in his chair, a pistol at his feet. On the carpet, Eva Braun froze in a motionless pose. Three meters away from her, also motionless, lay the Führer's favorite dog, the shepherd Blondie.

The intruders examined all three. The Fuhrer was dead. He shot himself in the mouth and the bullet exited through the back of his skull. There were no visible injuries on Eva Braun's body. They were not on the dog's body either. Apparently, the couple first poisoned the animal, then the woman took the poison, and Adolf Hitler, as a soldier, killed himself with a pistol shot.

Propaganda Minister Joseph Goebbels and head of the Hitler Youth Artur Axman appeared in the room. After a short meeting, eyewitnesses of the tragedy decided to burn the corpses. Otto Günsche and Hein Linge wrapped the bodies in clothes and carried them to the bunker's emergency exit. The exit was in the garden of the Reich Chancellery. At the time described, the entire area was heavily shot through. Bullets whistled, shells exploded, numerous craters dug up the ground.

The henchmen of the deceased dictator, bending down, dragged the bodies to the nearest craters. Here they were hastily doused with gasoline and set on fire. The fire reluctantly ran over the corpses, then flared up, but quickly went out. The procedure was repeated two more times, until the outward appearance of the bodies began to resemble burnt firebrands.

The officers began to cover them with earth, but then the shelling intensified. Shell fragments whistled right over the heads of the Führer's adjutant and lackey. Men, to clear their conscience, threw a few more shovels with earth on the charred corpses and hurried back to the bunker.

Already on May 5, the remains were discovered by Soviet servicemen from the SMERSH unit. The scouts carefully combed the entire area closest to the bunker and easily found bodies lightly sprinkled with earth. They also found the corpse of Joseph Goebbels and his wife Magda Goebbels. They shot themselves not far from the exit of the Reich Chancellery a day and a half after the suicide of the dictator and his wife, having previously killed their six children.

These two bodies were not difficult to identify. They were slightly burned, and Hitler's doctor Werner Haase, brought by representatives of Soviet intelligence to the Reich Chancellery the next day, barely glancing at the corpses, immediately named the Minister of Propaganda and his wife.

Eva Brown

The situation was more complicated with the remains of Hitler and Eva Braun. There were numerous personnel in the bunker of the Reich Chancellery - they were stenographers, coders, signalmen, cooks, security. All of them were taken prisoner. Many of them saw two bodies being taken out of the dictator's private quarters. But whether these were the corpses of Adolf Hitler and his wife - representatives of Soviet intelligence could not get any intelligible answers here.

The people present at the death of their leader were not detained in the bunker. Martin Bormann disappeared, Joseph Goebbels could not tell anything, the Führer's adjutant and footman disappeared. As if Arthur Axman had vanished into thin air. The latter was detained only six months later. It was from him that the most reliable information was received about the last hours of the life and death of both the great dictator and Martin Bormann.

In May 1945, Soviet intelligence could not sit back and wait for eyewitnesses to appear. The order from Moscow was unequivocal: as soon as possible to establish where Adolf Hitler or his corpse was. Therefore, two badly burned bodies, found very close to the emergency exit from the bunker, were subjected to a thorough comprehensive examination.

Each of them was a sintered burnt mass. It was not possible to distinguish any features or characteristic features. Only the jaws of the skulls have been preserved in good condition. It was for them that the military intelligence officers seized on. Already on May 10, they found and interrogated Frau Ketty Goizerman. This lady was an assistant to Adolf Hitler's dentist Professor Blaschke.

The woman identified the jaws presented to her for identification as belonging to Adolf Hitler and his wife Eva Braun. This was indicated by the features of dentures in one of them and fillings in the teeth of the other. These signs were very specific and could not be confused with any others.

So the Fuhrer's entire upper jaw was occupied by a prosthesis. Moreover, he had a characteristic cut in the left side between the 4th and 5th teeth. At one time, a bad tooth was removed here, and the professor was forced to violate the integrity of the structure in order to get to it. There were two bridges in the lower jaw. On the right side there was only one artificial tooth. It was connected with a bridge to two natural teeth. On the left, the picture was more depressing. There were as many as three artificial teeth here. They were also attached with a bridge to natural teeth.

All these signs were clearly visible on the jaws of one of the burnt corpses. There was no doubt that this body had recently belonged to the great dictator. To dispel all doubts about the death of Adolf Hitler, the Chekists found another witness. They were the prosthetist Fritz Echtmann. It was with his hands that dentures were made, which were then installed in the Fuhrer's oral cavity.

The prosthetist acknowledged his work and thereby confirmed the testimony of Frau Ketty Geisermann. Soon, SS-Obersturmbannfuehrer Hein Linge and SS-Sturmbannfuehrer Otto Günsche were found in prisoner-of-war camps. They set out the entire chronology of events relating to the last hours of the life and death of Adolf Hitler.

The most valuable testimony was given by Arthur Axman, who was detained in November 1945. He was a participant in the meeting that determined what to do with the body of the Fuhrer and his wife. Axmann also pointed out that on May 2, Reichsleiter Martin Bormann committed suicide in front of his eyes, who could have become another witness in the case of the death of Adolf Hitler.

Thus, all the surviving eyewitnesses of such a significant historical event gave confessions to the Soviet intelligence agencies. They coincided in detail, so the Chekists did not arouse doubts. The death of Adolf Hitler was considered a completed matter and put an end to it.

The fate of the remains of the great dictator, Eva Braun, Goebbels, his wife Magda, as well as their six children (five girls and one boy aged 4 to 12) is unenviable. Military intelligence officers packed them in wooden boxes and buried them near Berlin. Soon, however, the headquarters of the Chekists changed their location, and the ill-fated boxes followed it. In a new place, they were buried again, and then, at the next move, they were removed from the ground. Thus, the remains were buried several times, then dug up.

Finally, they found a permanent home at a military base near the city of Magdeburg. Here the boxes lay in the ground for almost a quarter of a century. In 1970, the territory of the base came under the jurisdiction of the GDR (the German Democratic Republic existed until October 1990). In this regard, the leadership of the USSR decided to destroy the remains. They were cremated, and the ashes were scattered from a helicopter into the air. For history, only the jaws of the great dictator and a fragment of his skull with a bullet hole were left.

This material evidence of the death of Adolf Hitler was sent to Moscow and placed in the archives of the KGB. On this, in fact, the entire post-war saga associated with the Fuhrer and his entourage finally ended. The souls of suicides passed through the cleansing fire and found their rest in the afterlife. In the world of living people, passions only heated up.

Rumors that Adolf Hitler was alive appeared almost immediately after his death. The death of the dictator doubted the British, French, Americans. There was persistent talk about the allegedly amazing rescue of the Fuhrer. He fled from the Berlin on fire abroad along the so-called "rat trail". It was a "window" on the border with Switzerland. Through it, high-ranking officials of the Third Reich with forged documents made their way to a neutral country, and from there they were sent to fascist Spain or the countries of Latin America.

Here it should be noted right away that it was very difficult to escape from Berlin, given that on April 25, 1945, the 1st Belorussian and 1st Ukrainian fronts closed the ring around the capital of Germany. On the same day, Soviet and American troops met on the Elbe. Almost the entire territory controlled by the Reich was in the boiler. Getting out of it by land was not possible.

This failed Martin Bormann when he tried to make a similar attempt on the night of May 2. All bridges and roads were already blocked by Soviet troops. The military unit, in which the Reichsleiter broke through, was subjected to heavy fire. The second man of the Reich was wounded in the thigh, and then was forced to take poison in order not to be captured.

So there was no chance for Adolf Hitler to escape from Berlin. But this is on condition that he was in this very Berlin. The great dictator might not have ended up in a bunker under the Reich Chancellery. And who then was there, who for two whole weeks led the defense of the capital of Nazi Germany?

On this issue, there is a version that all tactical issues were decided by the Fuhrer's double. A man like two drops of water similar to Adolf Hitler. It was he who was shot on April 30, 1945. Together with him, Eva Braun was also killed, so that the death of the country's main Nazi would look more natural. Hitler himself, at that time, was already sailing in a submarine towards South America.

He moved to a submarine at the very beginning of April from his Adlerhorst headquarters (Eagle's Nest, 40 km from Frankfurt am Main). He has been in it since December 1944, leaving his main command post "Wolfschanze" (Wolf's Lair) in East Prussia, in connection with the offensive of the Soviet troops.

Hitler with
people

All this sounds fantastic and is absolutely unlike the truth. Until the end of April, the German command cherished the hope that disagreements would arise between the allied forces of the anti-Hitler coalition. The Americans and the British, frightened by the successes of the Soviet troops, could well stop their offensive. This would give Germany the opportunity to transfer part of the forces from the Western Front to the Eastern.

The military potential of the country was still at a very high level. It would be a mistake to think that confusion and panic reigned in the ranks of the Nazis. Discipline, the all-seeing eye of the Gestapo, devotion to National Socialism, which gave people work and a high standard of living - all this united the German nation, prompted fierce resistance to the Soviet troops.

In addition, Adolf Hitler himself was not distinguished by cowardice. His courage is evidenced by the fact that he volunteered for the front in the First World War, was awarded several iron crosses for courage, and had wounds received in battle. He was a real soldier who did not succumb to the bullets of the enemy. One can talk for a long time about his atrocities, but the personal courage of the great dictator cannot be denied.

And after that, to assert that at the most difficult moment for the nation, the Fuhrer cowardly abandons his party comrades and shamefully escapes in a submarine, leaving a double in his place. This was basically impossible. This would be contrary to the very essence and character of Adolf Hitler.

He was with Bormann, and with Goebbels, and with all those who defended Berlin to the end. Only after his death did the Germans put forward a proposal for an armistice. Having been refused, Goebbels committed suicide, Bormann did the same just a few hours later. Would these high-ranking Nazis have waited until April 30 if they had a doppelgänger of Hitler with them? Of course not. They would have started negotiations ahead of time, when the Soviet troops were still on the outskirts of Berlin, and the course of the military operation was vague and unclear.

No one has ever paid attention to such arguments. Everyone saw in the great dictator, first of all, a monster, to whom everything human is alien. Undoubtedly, he deserved such treatment with his atrocities, but we must not forget that Hitler, like all of us, was also a man with his own thoughts, feelings and concept of honor.

Stalin did not leave Moscow and did not leave a double in his place when the Germans were only a few tens of kilometers from the Kremlin. He understood that by such an act he would demoralize his inner circle, and that, in turn, would begin to negatively influence his subordinates. A chain reaction will begin, and everything will end in complete collapse. So why did Adolf Hitler have to behave differently?

Hitler with
associates

The great dictator did not flee either to Latin America or to Spain. He committed suicide in the Reich Chancellery on the afternoon of 30 April 1945. This is the natural outcome of his entire life path. It simply could not be otherwise. A different scenario of events can only be intended for a public that loves sensations. Here you can think of anything and as much as you want. A certain category of people will take all this at face value, and even pay money.

This point of view regarding the death of Adolf Hitler has every right to exist, once again proving the absurdity of assumptions about his life after the war. But any convincing and demonstrative scheme can be unexpectedly corrected, as they say, by newly discovered circumstances.

Nowadays, one weighty fact has appeared that outweighs all the arguments and logical conclusions about the fatal fate of the great dictator and his death on April 30, 1945. This fact refutes all the results of the investigations of the Soviet intelligence of that time and the testimony of eyewitnesses. It directly indicates that Hitler's corpse was not found. This entails any kind of speculation that only the sophisticated human imagination is capable of.

This fact is based on the achievements of genetics. It was the DNA analysis conducted in 2009 by employees of the American University from the city of Hartford (Connecticut) that destroyed the entire evidence base regarding the death of Adolf Hitler.

For analysis, experts took a fragment of a skull with a bullet hole, stored in the secret archives of the FSB. Once it was part of the Fuhrer's skull and was shot with the only bullet that the great dictator fired into his mouth.

The Americans did not question the authenticity of these remains, they did not have samples of Adolf Hitler's next of kin. They only wanted to check the genealogy of the great dictator. Heated debates and disputes about the Jewish or African roots of the main Aryan have been going on for a long time. Genetic expertise could put an end to this fundamental issue. However, the experiment failed. The fragment of the skull was not at all what experts from Hartford wanted to receive.

The badly damaged bone did not belong to Adolf Hitler at all. She didn't belong to a man at all. It was a fragment of a woman's skull. Moreover, the woman at the time of her death was in the prime of her life. Experts estimated her age at 35-40 years. The great dictator at the time of death was 56 years old, besides, he had a different gender. Eva Braun was aged 33 at the time of her death. But she died of poison, and no one shot her in the head.

This conclusion caused a great scandal. The FSB officers completely refused to recognize its authenticity. Their outrage is understandable and understandable. At the same time, the fact that an obviously foreign part of the body was for a long time passed off as a fragment of the skull of Adolf Hitler is puzzling. How could this happen?

There can be only one explanation here - the Soviet intelligence officers messed up something in that distant 1945, covered with military glory. Those who removed the bodies from the funnel could grab this fragment of a human bone, which had nothing to do with either the great dictator or his wife.

There were battles, people died by the thousands. The Berlin operation entered the annals of history as the largest military battle in the history of human civilization. About 4 million people participated in this grandiose battle on both sides. We should not forget about the civilian population, which was unwittingly involved in this terrible meat grinder.

Fragment
skulls

Human bodies on the streets of Berlin were a common sight in those days. The whole long-suffering earth was littered with such bone fragments. Therefore, one cannot strictly judge those who extracted one of the main culprits of this entire terrible nightmare from the funnel. The Chekists could simply confuse.

If in those days they knew about such a concept as DNA analysis, then military intelligence officers would have behaved more carefully and responsibly. But, as we know, this term became popular only at the very end of the 20th century. Modern achievements in genetics played a cruel joke on the leadership of the FSB, pointing out obvious flaws in the work of such a serious department in those harsh years.

The death of Adolf Hitler on April 30, 1945 is beyond doubt. Any sensational statements and assumptions that state the contrary are without any evidentiary basis. It should also not be forgotten that the great dictator was not just a major, but a gigantic political figure. He would not have been able to quietly hide for many years in one of the countries of Latin America. Either way, rumors would spread. They would have aroused legitimate interest among the secret services, and the new place of residence of the main Nazi of the planet would have been discovered.

Any historical events require proof. If the matter concerns major historical figures that radically influence the course of history, then the evidence must be especially thorough and logically verified. It is on these principles that the study of the history of our past is based, without the knowledge of which, as you know, it is impossible to build a normal future.

The article was written by ridar-shakin

Based on materials from foreign and Russian publications

A group of French experts concluded that the head of the Third Reich Adolf Gitler actually committed suicide in Berlin in April 1945. For 70 years, this was repeated by the USSR, the leadership of the allied countries of the USSR in the war, Russia, historians, doctors. But this did not prevent citizens of all states from inventing and sharing myths in the logic of "everyone lies to us, because they lie."

"We can stop all conspiracy theories about Hitler"

The scientific publication European Journal of Internal Medicine published the results of the work of researchers from France, who were able to access the teeth and a fragment of Hitler's skull stored in Moscow.

According to experts, the structure of the skull fragment is fully consistent with radiographic images of the skull of the leader of the Third Reich, made a year before his death. Analysis of one of the teeth, carried out using an electron microscope, showed the presence of deposits of tartar in the absence of traces of meat fiber. It is known that Hitler was a vegetarian and did not eat meat. Also, scientists were able to detect traces of cyanide, directly indicating poisoning.

“These teeth are genuine, there is no doubt about it. Our research proves that Hitler died in 1945. We can stop all conspiracy theories about Hitler. He did not escape to Argentina in a submarine, he did not hide either in a secret base in Antarctica or on the dark side of the moon, ”said AFP. specialist in medical and legal anthropology Professor Philippe Charlier.

The theory that Adolf Hitler did not die in Berlin, but fled, having lived incognito for many years, has been around for decades.

Operation Seraglio

According to one of the most common versions, a special operation was developed to save Hitler, code-named "Seraglio". By order Commander-in-Chief of the Navy of Nazi Germany Karl Doenitz three submarines were prepared in the ports of Spain, which were supposed to transfer Hitler, Eva Brown and several people from their entourage to South America. The final destination of the trip is most often called Argentina.

Hitler was allegedly taken out safely at the last moment from Berlin, which was stormed by Soviet troops, and then transported by submarine to South America. There he lived quietly for almost two decades in Argentina and Paraguay, passing away in 1964.

In 2006 Argentine documentary writer Abel Basti, who studied the history of the Nazi flight to South America for many years, published the book "Hitler in Argentina".

“He was heading to Spain, from where he sailed in a submarine to Argentina at the end of the summer”

“My book contains previously classified evidence from the FBI archives that on April 30 at 16:30 (that is, an hour after the alleged suicide) Hitler was seen next to his personal Ju-52 aircraft. At night, throughout the last week of April, the air transport of the Fuhrer's confidants landed on Unter den Linden Avenue, where street lighting poles were preserved. For example, Reichsminister Speer left the Fuhrerbunker on the 20th, and three days later he calmly returned back on the Fieseler-Storch plane. As you can see, the allied air defense did not interfere with him. On April 25, a secret meeting was held in the Fuhrerbunker to evacuate Hitler, in which a female pilot participated Hanna Reitsch famous pilot Hans Ulrich Rudel and Hitler's personal pilot - Hans Baur. The secret plan for the safe movement of the Fuhrer from the besieged capital of the Third Reich received the code name “Operation Seraglio,” Basti himself said in an interview with Arguments and Facts.

According to the writer, the flight went like this: “Five Storch planes arrived in Berlin (each with seats for ten passengers), on April 28 the same Ju-52 flew in, piloted by a pilot Bosser, - this is officially confirmed by Allied intelligence. A day later, by order of the general Adolf Galland in the air over the capital of the Reich, the last forces of the German Air Force were suddenly raised - a whole hundred Me-262 jet fighters. They covered the plane of Hanna Reitsch: she managed to break through the fire of Soviet anti-aircraft guns and fly away from Berlin - it was an experimental flight, and the fact of its conduct by none of the historians is disputed. The next day, according to the scenario already tested by Frau Reitsch, Adolf Hitler also left Berlin - he was heading to Spain, from where at the end of summer he sailed on a submarine to Argentina. He was accompanied by Eva Braun, Muller and Borman».

"He was tacitly under Anglo-American protection"

Abel Basti was convinced that the Western powers knew about Hitler's flight: “Hitler's flight to Argentina and the transfer of tens of thousands of Nazis to South America is the result of collusion between Berlin, Washington and London. In return, the allies received the latest technologies of the Third Reich - rocket and space research, jet fighters, an atomic project, thousands of unique specialists like a rocket scientist Wernher von Braun. They also got the gold reserves of Nazi Germany - with the current money of about 100 billion dollars: although, according to the official version, the train with Nazi gold and diamonds disappeared without a trace ... In addition, Britain and the United States needed the experience of Nazi specialists to fight communism: the superpowers were preparing for a new conflict with the Soviet Union - for all this, Hitler bought his life. Therefore, no one was going to catch him, he was behind the scenes under Anglo-American protection.

Family Man Schutelmeier

Basti is not the only one to describe Hitler's supposed life in South America. As a habitat, they call Villa Inalco, located near the Argentine city of San Carlos de Bariloche. The fugitive allegedly lived under the name Adolf Schutelmeier. According to one version, the Fuhrer, who was counting on the revival of his movement, suffered from a mental breakdown from the beginning of the 1950s and gradually faded away.

In 2011 the British Gerard Williams and Simon Dunstan published the book "The Gray Wolf: The Flight of Adolf Hitler". It also states that Hitler fled.

According to Williams and Dunstan, three days before the suicide of Hitler and Eva Braun, they were replaced by doubles who did not know what fate was in store for them. On April 30, 1945, the doubles were dealt with, and their bodies were burned. It is these remains, according to the British, that were discovered by Soviet soldiers. By this time, Hitler and his wife had been taken to Denmark, from there to the German Luftwaffe base in Trevemund, and then by plane to Reus, south of Barcelona. From there, the fugitives were transferred to the Canary Islands, where a submarine was already waiting for them. The main Nazi arrived safely in Argentina, in the resort town of Mar Del Plata. Settling in the foothills of the Andes, the Fuhrer lived there until his death in the early 1960s.

British researchers, like Abel Basti, are convinced that Hitler and Eva Braun had children. Williams specifies two daughters, one of whom was allegedly born back in 1941. In recent years, several people have indeed appeared in South America who call themselves children and even grandchildren of Adolf Hitler. However, they do not provide any evidence of their “kinship”.

Report from agent CIMELODY-3

A new wave of assumptions that the head of the Third Reich did not die in Berlin in the spring of 1945, but fled to Latin America, arose due to the release in the fall of 2017 of previously classified CIA documents.

According to the report, a CIA agent under the code name CIMELODY-3 received information from his informant that the former SS man Philip Citroen, who worked for the Royal Dutch Shipping Company, met with Hitler in Colombia in 1954-1955. According to the CIA report, in September 1955, CIMELODY-3 received a photograph of "Adolf Schrittelmeier", which, presumably, depicts Hitler. At the same time, the report indicates that neither the agent nor the CIA analysts can assess the reliability of this information.

It is common knowledge that thousands of former Nazis found refuge in Latin America after the end of the war. But Hitler is too prominent a figure for his stay in Argentina to be hidden for many years. The operation to evacuate him from Europe should have involved dozens, if not hundreds of people. Under such conditions, a secret would inevitably have to cease to be a secret.

Experts in the field of medicine pay attention to one more circumstance. Hitler's state of health in the spring of 1945 was deplorable, and a U-boat trip to South America is not a recreational trip. Most likely, the leader of the Third Reich simply would not have been taken alive.

SMERSH find: how Hitler's remains were found and identified

All myths about Hitler's flight are based on the belief that the evidence of death available in Moscow is unreliable. However, those scientists who, like French researchers, really got to know them, are sure that Adolf Hitler and Eva Braun really committed suicide in Berlin on April 30, 1945. The suicide took place in the bunker of the Reich Chancellery, where Hitler and his companion spent their last days. After the suicide, their bodies were burned in a garden near the bunker.

Hitler hoped that in this way his body would not fall into the hands of Soviet soldiers. However, it was not possible to completely burn the body, and already on May 5, the SMERSH search group, led by Senior Lieutenant Alexei Panasov found charred bodies. The find was classified. government commission led by Lieutenant General Konstantin Telegin after a series of various examinations in February 1946, she came to the final conclusion that the discovered bodies belonged to Adolf Hitler and Eva Braun. In addition to these two bodies, the remains of Joseph and Magda Goebbels, as well as their six children, who were poisoned by their parents themselves. In addition, the corpse of Hitler's favorite shepherd dog was also found.

While the examinations were being carried out, the remains were transported from place to place along with the relocation of the SMERSH counterintelligence department and were reburied several times - in the city of Bukh, in the city of Finov, and also in Rathenov.

Finally, in 1946, after the completion of all examinations, the remains of Hitler, Eva Braun, Joseph and Magda Goebbels, as well as their children, were buried in strict secrecy in Magdeburg, on the territory of the military camp of the 3rd Army of the Group of Soviet Forces in Germany. The burial, made next to the building of the army counterintelligence department, was covered with asphalt, and only a very narrow circle of people knew about its existence.

“Together with coal they were crushed into ashes, collected and thrown into the Biederitz River”

In March 1970, at the suggestion head of the KGB of the USSR Yuri Andropov The Soviet leadership agreed to conduct an operation codenamed "Archive".

On the night of April 4, 1970, a task force led by Colonel Kovalenko opened the grave. The boxes in which the remains were stored rotted and turned into dust, the bones mixed with the soil.

The remains were placed in boxes, which were taken under guard by operational officers, the burial place was restored to its original form.

On the morning of April 5, 1970, the last stage of the operation was carried out, which was recorded in the act of destruction of the remains: “The destruction of the remains was carried out by burning them on a fire in a wasteland near the city of Schönebeck, 11 km from Magdeburg. The remains burned out, crushed into ashes together with coal, collected and thrown into the Biederitz River.

The acts on the removal of the remains and their physical destruction were drawn up in a single copy and sent to Moscow.

These secret documents became available to researchers relatively recently, in the post-Soviet period. There was no need for the Soviet leadership to spread disinformation in confidential documents. This means only one thing - there was no flight of Adolf Hitler to Latin America, he really ended his life in Berlin on April 30, 1945.

23.09.2007 19:32

Childhood and youth of Adolf. World War I.

Hitler was born on April 20, 1889 (beginning in 1933 this day became the national holiday of Nazi Germany).
The father of the future Fuhrer, Alois Hitler, was first a shoemaker, then a customs officer, who until 1876 bore the surname Schicklgruber (hence the common belief that this is Hitler's real name).

He received a not too high bureaucratic rank of chief official. Mother - Clara, nee Pelzl, came from a peasant family. Hitler was born in Austria, in Braunau am Inn, in a village in a mountainous part of the country. The family often moved from place to place and finally settled in Leonding, a suburb of Linz, where they got their own house. On the headstone of Hitler's parents, the words are carved: "Alois Hitler, chief official in the customs department, landlord. His wife Clara Hitler."
Hitler was born from his father's third marriage. All of Hitler's numerous relatives of the older generation were apparently illiterate. The priests wrote down the names of these persons in the church parish books by ear, so there was an obvious discord: someone was called Güttler, someone was Gidler, etc., etc.
The Fuhrer's grandfather remained unknown. Alois Hitler, father of Adolf, was adopted by a certain Hitler at the request of his uncle, also Hitler, apparently his actual parent.

The adoption came after both the adopter and his wife, Maria Anna Schicklgruber, the Nazi dictator's grandmother, had long since passed away. According to some sources, the illegitimate himself was already 39, according to others - 40 years old! Perhaps it was about inheritance.
Hitler did not study well in high school, therefore he did not graduate from a real school and did not receive a matriculation certificate. His father died relatively early - in 1903. Mother sold the house in Leonding and settled in Linz. From the age of 16, the future Fuhrer lived at the expense of his mother rather freely. At one time he even studied music. In his youth, from musical and literary works, he preferred Wagner's operas, Germanic mythology and adventure novels by Karl May; adult Hitler's favorite composer was Wagner, his favorite film was King Kong. As a boy, Hitler loved cakes and picnics, long conversations after midnight, loved looking at pretty girls; in adulthood, these addictions intensified.

I slept until noon, went to theaters, especially the opera, and spent hours in coffee houses. He spent his time visiting theaters and the opera, copying Romantic paintings, reading adventure books, and walking in the woods around Linz. His mother spoiled him, and Adolf behaved like a dandy, wearing black leather gloves, a bowler hat, walking with a mahogany cane with an ivory head. He rejected all offers to find a job for himself with contempt.
At the age of 18 he went to Vienna to enter the Academy of Fine Arts there in the hope of becoming a great artist. He entered twice - once he did not pass the exam, the second time he was not even allowed to take it, and he had to earn a living by drawing postcards and advertisements. He was advised to enter the architectural institute, but for this it was necessary to have a matriculation certificate. The years in Vienna (1907-1913) Hitler will regard as the most instructive of his life.

In the future, according to him, he only needed to add some details to the "great ideas" that he acquired there (hatred of Jews, liberal democrats and "petty-bourgeois" society). He was especially influenced by the writings of L. von Liebenfels, who argued that the future dictator should protect the Aryan race by enslaving or killing subhumans. In Vienna, he also became interested in the idea of ​​"living space" (Lebensraum) for Germany.
Hitler read everything that came to hand. Subsequently, fragmentary knowledge gleaned from popular philosophical, sociological, historical works, and most importantly, from brochures of that distant time, constituted Hitler's "philosophy".
When the money left by his mother (she died of breast cancer in 1909) and the inheritance of a wealthy aunt ended, he spent the night on benches in the park, then in a rooming house in Meidling. And, finally, he settled on Meldemannstrasse in the Mennerheim charitable institution, which literally means "Men's House".
All this time, Hitler was interrupted by odd jobs, hired for some temporary work (for example, he helped at construction sites, shoveled snow or brought suitcases), then he began to draw (or rather, copy) pictures that were sold first by his companion, and later by himself. He mainly drew from photographs architectural monuments in Vienna and Munich, where he moved in 1913. At the age of 25, the future Fuhrer had no family, no beloved woman, no friends, no permanent job, no life goal - there was something to despair of. The Vienna period of Hitler's life ended quite abruptly: he moved to Munich to escape military service. But the Austrian military authorities tracked down the fugitive. Hitler had to go to Salzburg, where he passed a military commission. However, he was declared unfit for military service for health reasons.

How he did it is unknown.
In Munich, Hitler still lived in poverty: on the money from the sale of watercolors and advertising.
The declassed, dissatisfied with their existence stratum of society, to which Hitler belonged, enthusiastically welcomed the First World War, believing that every loser would have a chance to become a "hero".
Having become a volunteer, Hitler spent four years in the war. He served at the headquarters of the regiment as a liaison with the rank of corporal and did not even become an officer. But he received not only a medal for the wound, but also orders. Order of the Iron Cross 2nd class, possibly 1st. Some historians believe that Hitler wore the Iron Cross 1st Class without being eligible. Others claim that he was awarded this order at the suggestion of a certain Hugo Gutmann, adjutant of the regiment commander ... a Jew, and that therefore this fact was omitted from the official biography of the Fuhrer.

Creation of the Nazi Party.

Germany lost this war. The country was engulfed in the flames of revolution. Hitler, and with him hundreds of thousands of other German losers returned home. He participated in the so-called Commission of Inquiry, which was engaged in the "cleansing" of the 2nd Infantry Regiment, identified "troublemakers" and "revolutionaries". And on June 12, 1919, he was seconded to short-term courses of "political education", which again functioned in Munich. After completing the courses, he became an agent in the service of a certain group of reactionary officers who fought against leftist elements among the soldiers and non-commissioned officers.
He compiled lists of soldiers and officers involved in the April uprising of workers and soldiers in Munich. He collected information about all kinds of dwarf organizations and parties regarding their worldview, programs and goals. And reported all this to the management.
The ruling circles of Germany were scared to death of the revolutionary movement. The people, exhausted by the war, lived incredibly hard: inflation, unemployment, devastation...

Dozens of militaristic, revanchist unions, gangs, gangs appeared in Germany - strictly secret, armed, with their own charters and mutual responsibility. On September 12, 1919, Hitler was sent to a meeting at the Sternekkerbräu beer hall, a gathering of another dwarf group that loudly called itself the German Workers' Party. The meeting discussed the pamphlet of engineer Feder. Feder's ideas about "productive" and "unproductive" capital, about the need to fight "percentage slavery", against loan offices and "general stores", flavored with chauvinism, hatred of the Versailles Treaty, and most importantly, anti-Semitism, seemed to Hitler a completely suitable platform. He performed and was a success. And party leader Anton Drexler invited him to join the WDA. After consulting with his superiors, Hitler accepted this proposal. Hitler became a member of this party at number 55, and later at number 7 became a member of its executive committee.
Hitler, with all his oratorical fervor, rushed to win popularity for Drexler's party, at least within Munich. In the autumn of 1919, he spoke three times at crowded meetings. In February 1920, he rented the so-called front hall in the Hofbräuhaus beer hall and gathered 2,000 listeners. Convinced of his success as a party functionary, in April 1920, Hitler abandoned the spy's earnings.
Hitler's success attracted to him workers, artisans and people who did not have a permanent job, in a word, all those who made up the backbone of the party. At the end of 1920, there were already 3,000 people in the party.
With the money borrowed by the writer Eckart from General Epp, the party bought a ruined newspaper called the Völkischer Beobachter, which means "People's Observer".
In January 1921, Hitler had already filmed the Krone circus, where he performed to an audience of 6,500 people. Gradually, Hitler got rid of the founders of the party. Apparently, at the same time he renamed it the National Socialist Workers' Party of Germany, abbreviated NSDAP (Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei).
Hitler obtained the position of the first chairman with dictatorial powers, expelling Drexler and Scharer.

Instead of collegial leadership in the party, the principle of the Fuhrer was officially introduced. In place of Schüssler, who dealt with financial and organizational issues, Hitler put his own man, a former sergeant major in his part of Aman. Naturally, Aman reported only to the Fuhrer himself.
Already in 1921, assault detachments, the SA, were created to help the party. Hermann Goering became their leader after Emil Mauris and Ulrich Klinch. Perhaps Goering was the only surviving ally of Hitler. Creating the SA, Hitler relied on the experience of paramilitary organizations that arose in Germany immediately after the end of the war. In January 1923, an imperial party congress was convened, although the party existed only in Bavaria, more precisely, in Munich. Western historians unanimously claim that the first sponsors of Hitler were ladies, the wives of wealthy Bavarian industrialists. The Fuhrer, as it were, gave a "zest" to their well-fed, but insipid life.

Hitler's Beer Putsch.

Since the autumn of 1923, power in Bavaria has actually been concentrated in the hands of a triumvirate: Carr, General Lossow and Colonel Zeisser, the police president. The triumvirate was at first hostile to the central government in Berlin. On September 26, Carr, the Bavarian prime minister, declared a state of emergency and banned 14 (!) Nazi demonstrations.
However, knowing the reactionary nature of the then masters of Bavaria and their dissatisfaction with the imperial government, Hitler continued to call on his supporters to "march on Berlin."

Hitler was a clear opponent of Bavarian separatism; not without reason, he saw his allies in the triumvirate, who could later be deceived, outwitted, preventing the separation of Bavaria.
Ernst Rehm stood at the head of the assault squads (German abbreviation SA). The leaders of the militaristic alliances came up with all sorts of plans for what to time the "campaign" or, as they called it, the "revolution". And how to force the Bavarian triumvirate to lead this "national revolution" ... And suddenly it turned out that on November 8 there was a big rally in the Bürgerbräukeller, where Carr would make a speech and where other prominent Bavarian politicians would be present, including General Lossow and Zeisser .
The hall where the rally was held was surrounded by storm troopers, and Hitler burst into it under the protection of armed thugs. Jumping up to the podium, he shouted: “The national revolution has begun. The hall is captured by six hundred military men armed with machine guns. Nobody dares to leave it. I declare the Bavarian government and the imperial government in Berlin deposed. The provisional national government has already been formed. The Reichswehr and the police will now march under swastika banners!" Hitler, leaving Goering in the hall instead, behind the scenes began to "process" Karr, Lossov ... At the same time, another associate of Hitler, Scheibner-Richter, went after Ludendorff. Finally, Hitler again ascended the podium and declared "that the "national revolution" would be carried out together with the Bavarian triumvirate.

As for the government in Berlin, he, Hitler, will head it, and General Ludendorff will command the Reichswehr. The participants in the meeting at the Bürgerbräukeller dispersed, including the energetic Lossov, who immediately sent a telegram to Seeckt. Regular units and the police were mobilized to disperse the riots. In a word, they prepared to repulse the Nazis. But Hitler, to whom his thugs flocked from everywhere, still had to move at the head of the column to the city center at 11 o'clock in the morning.
The column for cheerfulness sang and shouted out their misanthropic slogans. But on the narrow Residenzstrasse she was met by a chain of policemen. It is still unknown who fired first. After that, the shooting continued for two minutes. Scheibner-Richter fell - he was killed. Behind him is Hitler, who broke his collarbone. In total, 4 people were killed on the part of the police, and 16 on the part of the Nazis. The "rebels" fled, Hitler was pushed into a yellow car and taken away.
This is how Hitler became famous. All the German newspapers wrote about him. His portraits were placed in weekly magazines. And at that time, Hitler needed any "glory", even the most scandalous.
Two days after the unsuccessful "march on Berlin," Hitler was arrested by the police. On April 1, 1924, he and two accomplices were sentenced to five years in prison, plus the time they had already spent in prison. Ludendorff and other participants in the bloody events were generally acquitted.

The book "My Struggle" by Adolf Hitler.

The prison, or fortress, in Landsberg an der Lech, where Hitler spent a total of 13 months before and after the trial (according to the sentence for "high treason" only nine months!), Historians of Nazism are often called the Nazi "sanatorium". Everything ready, walking in the garden and receiving numerous guests and business visitors, answering letters and telegrams.

Hitler dictated the first volume of the book containing his political program, calling it "Four and a half years of struggle against lies, stupidity and cowardice." Later she came out under the name "My Struggle" (Mein Kampf), sold millions of copies and made Hitler a rich man.
Hitler offered the Germans one proven culprit, an enemy in satanic guise - a Jew. After the "liberation" from the Jews, Hitler promised the German people a great future. Moreover, immediately. Heavenly life will come on German soil. All shopkeepers will receive shops. Poor tenants will become homeowners. Losers-intellectuals - professors. Poor peasants - rich farmers. Women - beauties, their children - healthy, "the breed will improve." It was not Hitler who "invented" anti-Semitism, but it was he who planted it in Germany.

And he was far from the last to use it for his own purposes.
The main ideas of Hitler that had developed by this time were reflected in the NSDAP program (25 points), the core of which was the following requirements: 1) the restoration of the power of Germany by uniting all Germans under a single state roof; 2) the assertion of the dominance of the German Empire in Europe, mainly in the east of the continent in the Slavic lands; 3) the cleansing of the German territory from the "foreigners" that litter it, primarily Jews; 4) the elimination of the rotten parliamentary regime, its replacement by a vertical hierarchy corresponding to the German spirit, in which the will of the people is personified in a leader endowed with absolute power; 5) liberation of the people from the dictatorship of world financial capital and all-round support for small-scale and handicraft production, the creativity of freelancers.
Adolf Hitler outlined these ideas in his autobiographical book "My Struggle".

Hitler's path to power.

Hitler left the Landsberg fortress on December 20, 1924. He had a plan of action. At first, to purge the NSDAP of "factionalists", to introduce iron discipline and the principle of "fuhrership", that is, autocracy, then to strengthen its army - the SA, to destroy the rebellious spirit there.
Already on February 27, Hitler delivered a speech in the Bürgerbräukeller (all Western historians refer to it), where he bluntly stated: “I alone lead the Movement and personally bear responsibility for it. And I alone, again, bear responsibility for everything that happens in the Movement. ..Either the enemy will pass over our corpses, or we will pass over his..."
Accordingly, at the same time, Hitler carried out another "rotation" of personnel. However, at first, Hitler could not get rid of his most powerful rivals - Gregor Strasser and Röhm. Although pushing them into the background, he began immediately.
The "cleansing" of the party ended with the fact that Hitler created in 1926 his "party court" GONE - the investigative and arbitration committee. Its chairman, Walter Buch, until 1945 fought "sedition" in the ranks of the NSDAP.
However, at that time, Hitler's party could not count on success at all. The situation in Germany gradually stabilized. Inflation has gone down. Unemployment has decreased. Industrialists managed to modernize the German economy. The French troops left the Ruhr. The Stresemann government managed to conclude some agreements with the West.
The pinnacle of Hitler's success in that period was the first party congress in August 1927 in Nuremberg. In 1927-1928, that is, five or six years before coming to power, heading a still relatively weak party, Hitler created a "shadow government" in the NSDAP - Political Department II.

Goebbels was the head of the propaganda department since 1928. No less important "invention" of Hitler were the Gauleiters in the field, that is, the Nazi bosses in the field in individual lands. Huge Gauleiter headquarters replaced after 1933 the administrative bodies established in Weimar Germany.
In 1930-1933, there was a fierce struggle for votes in Germany. One election followed another. Pumped up with the money of the German reaction, the Nazis rushed to power with all their might. In 1933 they wanted to get her out of the hands of President Hindenburg. But for this they had to create the appearance of support for the NSDAP party by the general population. Otherwise, the post of chancellor would not have been seen by Hitler. For Hindenburg had his favorites - von Papen, Schleicher: it was with their help that it was "most convenient" for him to rule the 70 million German people.
Hitler never received an absolute majority in an election. And an important obstacle in its path was the extremely strong parties of the working class - the Social Democratic and the Communist. In 1930, the Social Democrats won 8,577,000 votes in the elections, the Communists 4,592,000, and the Nazis 6,409,000. In June 1932, the Social Democrats lost a few votes, but still received 795,000 votes, while the Communists gained new votes, gaining 5,283,000 votes. The Nazis reached their "peak" in this election: they received 13,745,000 ballots. But already in December of the same year they lost 2,000 voters. In December, the situation was as follows: the Social Democrats received 7,248,000 votes, the Communists again strengthened their positions - 5,980,000 votes, the Nazis - 1,1737,000 votes. In other words, the preponderance has always been on the side of the workers' parties. The number of ballots cast for Hitler and his party, even at the peak of their career, did not exceed 37.3 percent.

Adolf Hitler - Chancellor of Germany.

On January 30, 1933, the 86-year-old President Hindenburg appointed the head of the NSDAP, Adolf Hitler, Chancellor of Germany. On the same day, superbly organized stormtroopers concentrated on their assembly points. In the evening, with torches lit, they passed by the presidential palace, in one window of which stood Hindenburg, and in the other - Hitler.

According to official figures, 25,000 people took part in the torchlight procession. It went on for several hours.
Already at the first meeting on January 30, a discussion took place of measures directed against the Communist Party of Germany. Hitler spoke on the radio the next day. "Give us four years. Our task is to fight against communism."
Hitler fully took into account the effect of surprise. He not only prevented the anti-Nazi forces from uniting and consolidating, he literally stunned them, took them by surprise and very soon defeated them completely. This was the first Nazi blitzkrieg on their own territory.
1 February - Dissolution of the Reichstag. New elections have already been scheduled for March 5. The ban on all open-air communist rallies (of course, they were not given halls).
On February 2, the president issued an order "On the Protection of the German People", a virtual ban on meetings and newspapers critical of Nazism. The tacit authorization of "preventive arrests", without appropriate legal sanctions. Dissolution of city and communal parliaments in Prussia.
February 7 - Goering's "Decree on Shooting". Police permission to use weapons. The SA, SS and the Steel Helmet are involved in helping the police. Two weeks later, the armed detachments of the SA, SS, "Steel Helmet" come under Goering's disposal as auxiliary police.
February 27 - Reichstag fire. On the night of February 28, about ten thousand communists, social democrats, people of progressive views are arrested. The Communist Party and some organizations of the Social Democrats are banned.
February 28 - order of the President "On the protection of the people and the state." In fact, the announcement of a "state of emergency" with all the ensuing consequences.

Order for the arrest of the leaders of the KKE.
In early March, Telman was arrested, the militant organization of the Social Democrats Reichsbanner (Iron Front) was banned, first in Thuringia, and by the end of the month - in all German lands.
On March 21, a presidential decree "On betrayal" is issued, directed against statements that harm the "well-being of the Reich and the reputation of the government", and "extraordinary courts" are created. The name of the concentration camps is mentioned for the first time. Over 100 of them will be created by the end of the year.
At the end of March, a law on the death penalty is issued. Introduced the death penalty by hanging.
March 31 - the first law on the deprivation of the rights of individual lands. Dissolution of the state parliaments. (Except for the Prussian Parliament.)
April 1 - "boycott" of Jewish citizens.
April 4 - ban on free exit from the country. The introduction of special "visas".
April 7 - the second law on the deprivation of land rights. Return of all titles and orders abolished in 1919. The law on the status of "officialdom", the return of his former rights. Persons of "unreliable" and "non-Aryan origin" were excluded from the corps of "officials".
April 14 - Expulsion of 15 percent of professors from universities and other educational institutions.
April 26 - the creation of the Gestapo.
May 2 - Appointment in certain lands of "imperial governors" who were subordinate to Hitler (in most cases, former Gauleiters).
May 7 - "purge" among writers and artists.

Publication of "black lists" of "not (true) German writers". Confiscation of their books in shops and libraries. The number of banned books - 12409, banned authors - 141.
May 10 - Public burning of banned books in Berlin and other university cities.
June 21 - inclusion of the "Steel Helmet" in the SA.
June 22 - the ban of the Social Democratic Party, the arrests of the functionaries of this party who were still at large.
June 25 - Introduction of Göring's control over theatrical plans in Prussia.
From June 27 to July 14 - self-dissolution of all parties not yet banned. The prohibition of the creation of new parties. The actual establishment of a one-party system. Law depriving all emigrants of German citizenship. The Hitler salute becomes mandatory for civil servants.
August 1 - renunciation of the right of pardon in Prussia. Immediate enforcement of sentences. Introduction of the guillotine.
August 25 - A list of persons deprived of citizenship is published, among them - communists, socialists, liberals, representatives of the intelligentsia.
September 1 - the opening in Nuremberg of the "Congress of the Winners", the next congress of the NSDAP.
September 22 - Law on the "imperial cultural guilds" - states of writers, artists, musicians. The actual ban on the publication, performance, exhibition of all those who are not members of the Chamber.
November 12 - elections to the Reichstag under a one-party system. Referendum on Germany's withdrawal from the League of Nations.
November 24 - the law "On the detention of recidivists after they have served their sentence."

"Recidivists" means political prisoners.
December 1 - the law "on ensuring the unity of the party and the state." Personal union between party Fuhrers and major state functionaries.
December 16 - the mandatory permission of the authorities to parties and trade unions (extremely powerful during the Weimar Republic), democratic institutions and rights are completely forgotten: freedom of the press, freedom of conscience, freedom of movement, freedom of strikes, meetings, demonstrations. Finally, creative freedom. From the rule of law, Germany has become a country of total lawlessness. Any citizen, on any slander, without any legal sanctions, could be put in a concentration camp and kept there forever. For a year, the "lands" (regions) in Germany, which had great rights, were completely deprived of them.
So what about the economy? Even before 1933, Hitler said: “Do you really think me so crazy that I want to destroy German large-scale industry? Entrepreneurs, through business qualities, have gained a leading position. headship." During the same 1933, Hitler gradually prepared himself to subjugate both industry and finance, to make them an appendage of his military-political authoritarian state.
The military plans that he hid at the first stage, the stage of the "national revolution", even from his inner circle, dictated their own laws - it was necessary to arm Germany to the teeth in the shortest possible time. And this required extremely intense and purposeful work, capital investment in certain industries. The creation of a complete economic "autarky" (that is, such an economic system that itself produces everything it needs for itself and consumes it itself).

As early as the first third of the 20th century, the capitalist economy was striving to establish widely branched world ties, to the division of labor, etc.
The fact remains that Hitler wanted to control the economy, and thereby gradually curtailed the rights of owners, introduced something like state capitalism.
On March 16, 1933, that is, one and a half months after coming to power, Schacht was appointed chairman of the German Reichsbank. "Own" man will now be in charge of finances, seek gigantic sums to finance the war economy. Not without reason, in 1945, Schacht sat on the dock in Nuremberg, although the department had departed before the war.
On July 15, the General Council of the German Economy is convened: 17 large industrialists, agrarians, bankers, representatives of trading firms and apparatchiks of the NSDAP - issue a law on "mandatory association of enterprises" in cartels. Part of the enterprises "joins", in other words, is absorbed by larger concerns. This was followed by: Goering's "four-year plan", the creation of the super-powerful state concern Hermann Goering-Werke, the transfer of the entire economy to a war footing, and at the end of Hitler's reign, the transfer of large military orders to Himmler's department, which had millions of prisoners, and therefore , free labor force. Of course, we must not forget that the big monopolies profited immensely under Hitler - in the early years at the expense of "arized" enterprises (expropriated firms in which Jewish capital participated), and later at the expense of factories, banks, raw materials and other valuables seized from other countries .

Yet the economy was controlled and regulated by the state. And immediately failures, disproportions, a lag in light industry, etc., were discovered.
By the summer of 1934, Hitler was facing serious opposition within his party. The "old fighters" of the SA assault detachments, led by E. Rem, demanded more radical social reforms, called for a "second revolution" and insisted on the need to strengthen their role in the army. German generals opposed such radicalism and the claims of the SA to lead the army. Hitler, who needed the support of the army and himself feared the uncontrollability of the attack aircraft, spoke out against his former comrades-in-arms. Accusing Rem of plotting to kill the Fuhrer, he staged a bloody massacre on June 30, 1934 ("the night of long knives"), during which several hundred SA leaders, including Rem, were killed. Strasser, von Kahr, the former Chancellor General Schleicher and other figures were physically destroyed. Hitler acquired absolute power over Germany.

Soon, army officers swore allegiance not to the constitution or country, but to Hitler personally. Germany's supreme judge proclaimed that "the law and the constitution are the will of our Fuhrer." Hitler aspired not only to legal, political and social dictatorship. "Our revolution," he once stressed, "will not end until we dehumanize people."
It is known that the Nazi leader wanted to start a world war already in 1938. Prior to this, he managed to "peacefully" annex large territories to Germany. In particular, in 1935 the Saarland through a plebiscite. The plebiscite turned out to be a brilliant trick of Hitler's diplomacy and propaganda. 91 percent of the population voted in favor of "joining". Perhaps the results of the vote were falsified.
Western politicians, contrary to elementary common sense, began to give up one position after another. Already in 1935, Hitler concluded with England the notorious "Navy Agreement", which gave the Nazis the opportunity to openly create warships. In the same year, universal conscription was introduced in Germany. On March 7, 1936, Hitler ordered the occupation of the demilitarized Rhineland. The West was silent, although it could not help but see that the dictator's appetites were growing.

The Second World War.

In 1936, the Nazis intervened in the Spanish Civil War - Franco was their protege. The West was delighted with the order in Germany, sending its athletes and fans to the Olympics.

And this is after the "night of long knives" - the murders of Rem and his storm troopers, after the Leipzig trial of Dimitrov and after the adoption of the notorious Nuremberg Laws, which turned the Jewish population of Germany into pariahs!
Finally, in 1938, as part of intensive preparations for war, Hitler carried out another "rotation" - he expelled the Minister of War Blomberg and the Supreme Army Commander Fritsch, and also replaced the professional diplomat von Neurath with the Nazi Ribbentrop.
On March 11, 1938, Nazi troops entered Austria in a victorious march. The Austrian government was intimidated and demoralized. The operation to capture Austria was called "Anschluss", which means "attachment". And finally, the climax of 1938 was the capture of Czechoslovakia as a result of the Munich Agreement, that is, in fact, with the consent and approval of the then British Prime Minister Chamberlain and the French Daladier, as well as Germany's ally, fascist Italy.
In all these actions, Hitler acted not as a strategist, not as a tactician, not even as a politician, but as a player who knew that his partners in the West were ready for all sorts of concessions. He studied the weaknesses of the strong, constantly spoke to them about the world, flattered, cunning, and intimidated and suppressed those who were unsure of themselves.
On March 15, 1939, the Nazis captured Czechoslovakia and announced the creation of a so-called protectorate on the territory of Bohemia and Moravia.
On August 23, 1939, Hitler signed a non-aggression pact with the Soviet Union and thereby secured a free hand in Poland.
On September 1, 1939, the German army invaded Poland, which marked the beginning of World War II. Hitler took command of the armed forces and imposed his own plan of warfare, despite the strong resistance of the army leadership, in particular, the chief of the general staff of the army, General L. Beck, who insisted that Germany did not have enough forces to defeat the allies (England and France), who declared war on Hitler. After Hitler's attack on Poland, England and France declared war on Germany. The beginning of World War II is dated September 1, 1939.

Already after the declaration of war by France and England, Hitler captured half of Poland in 18 days, utterly defeating its army. The Polish state was unable to fight one on one with the powerful German Wehrmacht. The first stage of the war in Germany was called "sitting" war, and in other countries - "strange" or even "funny". All this time Hitler remained the master of the situation. The "funny" war ended on April 9, 1940, when Nazi troops invaded Denmark and Norway. On May 10, Hitler launched a campaign to the West: the Netherlands and Belgium became his first victims. In six weeks, the Nazi Wehrmacht defeated France, defeated and pressed the British expeditionary corps to the sea. Hitler signed the truce in Marshal Foch's salon car, in the forest near Compiègne, that is, in the very place where Germany capitulated in 1918. Blitzkrieg - Hitler's dream - came true.
Western historians now admit that in the first phase of the war the Nazis scored more political than military victories.

But no army was even remotely as motorized as the German one. The gambler Hitler felt himself, as they wrote then, "the greatest generals of all times and peoples", as well as "an amazing visionary in technical and tactical respects" ... "the creator of modern armed forces" (Jodl).
Let us remember at the same time that it was impossible to object to Hitler, that he was only allowed to be glorified and deified. The High Command of the Wehrmacht has become, in the apt expression of one researcher, the "Führer's office". The results were not long in coming: an atmosphere of super-euphoria reigned in the army.
Were there generals who openly contradicted Hitler? Of course not. Nevertheless, it is known that during the war they retired, having fallen out of favor, or three supreme commanders of the armies, 4 chiefs of the general staff (the fifth - Krebs - died in Berlin along with Hitler), 14 out of 18 field marshals of the ground forces, 21 out of 37 colonel generals.
Of course, no normal generals, that is, generals not in a totalitarian state, would have allowed such a terrible defeat as Germany suffered.
Hitler's main task was the conquest of "living space" in the East, the crushing of "Bolshevism" and the enslavement of "world Slavs."

The English historian Trevor-Roper convincingly showed that from 1925 until his death, Hitler did not doubt for a second that the great peoples of the Soviet Union could be turned into silent slaves, who would be controlled by German overseers, "Aryans" from the ranks of the SS. Here is what Trevor-Roper writes about this: “After the war, you often hear the words that the Russian campaign was Hitler’s big “mistake”. If he had behaved neutrally towards Russia, he would have been able to subjugate all of Europe, organize it and And England would never have been able to drive the Germans out of there.I cannot share this point of view, it comes from the fact that Hitler would not be Hitler!
For Hitler, the Russian campaign was never a spin-off military scam, a private foray into important sources of raw materials, or an impulsive move in a game of chess that now looks almost a draw. The Russian campaign decided whether or not to be National Socialism. And this campaign became not only obligatory, but also urgent.
Hitler's program was translated into military language - "Plan Barbarossa" and into the language of occupation policy - "Plan Ost".
The German people, according to Hitler's theory, were humiliated by the victors in the First World War and, under the conditions that arose after the war, could not successfully develop and fulfill the mission assigned to them by history.

In order to develop the national culture and increase the sources of power, he needed to acquire additional permanent space. And since there were no free lands, they should have been taken where the population density is low and the land is used irrationally. Such an opportunity for the German nation was available only in the East, at the expense of territories inhabited by peoples less valuable in racial terms than the Germans, primarily the Slavs. The capture of a new living space in the East and the enslavement of the peoples living there were considered by Hitler as a prerequisite and starting point for the struggle for world domination.
The first major defeat of the Wehrmacht in the winter of 1941/1942 near Moscow had a strong impact on Hitler. The chain of his successive victorious campaigns of conquest was interrupted. According to Colonel-General Jodl, who during the war years communicated with Hitler more than anyone else, in December 1941 the Fuhrer's inner confidence in the German victory disappeared, and the disaster at Stalingrad convinced him even more of the inevitability of defeat. But this could only be assumed by some features in his behavior and actions. He himself never talked about it to anyone. Ambition did not allow him to admit to the collapse of his own plans. He continued to convince everyone around him, the entire German people of the inevitable victory and demanded that they make as much effort as possible to achieve it. According to his instructions, measures were taken for the total mobilization of the economy and human resources. Disregarding reality, he ignored all the advice of specialists who went against his instructions.
The stop of the Wehrmacht in front of Moscow in December 1941 and the counteroffensive that followed caused confusion among many German generals. Hitler ordered to stubbornly defend each line and not to retreat from their positions without orders from above. This decision saved the German army from collapse, but it also had its downside. It assured Hitler of his own military genius, of his superiority over the generals. Now he believed that by taking over the direct leadership of military operations on the Eastern Front instead of the retired Brauchitsch, he would be able to achieve victory over Russia as early as 1942. But the crushing defeat at Stalingrad, which became the most sensitive for the Germans in World War II, stunned the Fuhrer.
Since 1943, all of Hitler's activities were in fact limited to current military problems. He no longer made far-reaching political decisions.

Almost all the time he was at his headquarters, surrounded only by the closest military advisers. Hitler nevertheless spoke to the people, although he showed less interest in their position and moods.
Unlike other tyrants and conquerors, Hitler committed crimes not only for political and military reasons, but for personal reasons. Hitler's victims numbered in the millions. At his direction, a whole system of extermination was created, a kind of conveyor for killing people, eliminating and disposing of their remains. He was guilty of the mass extermination of people on ethnic, racial, social and other grounds, which is qualified by lawyers as a crime against humanity.
Many of Hitler's crimes were not related to the protection of the national interests of Germany and the German people, were not caused by military necessity. On the contrary, to some extent they even undermined the military power of Germany. So, for example, to carry out massacres in the death camps created by the Nazis, Hitler kept tens of thousands of SS men in the rear. Of these, it was possible to create more than one division and thereby strengthen the troops of the army in the field. Transporting millions of prisoners to the death camps required an enormous amount of rail and other transport, and it could be used for military purposes.
In the summer of 1944, he considered it possible, steadfastly holding positions on the Soviet-German front, to thwart the invasion of Europe that was being prepared by the Western Allies, and then use the situation favorable for Germany to reach an agreement with them. But this plan was not destined to be realized. The Germans failed to throw into the sea the Anglo-American troops that had landed in Normandy. They managed to hold the captured bridgehead, concentrate huge forces there and, after careful preparation, break through the front of the German defense. The Wehrmacht did not hold its positions in the east either. A particularly major catastrophe occurred in the central sector of the Eastern Front, where the German Army Group Center was completely defeated, and Soviet troops began to move menacingly quickly towards the German borders.

Hitler's last year.

The failed assassination attempt on Hitler on July 20, 1944, committed by a group of opposition-minded German officers, was used by the Fuhrer as a pretext for the all-encompassing mobilization of human and material resources to continue the war. By the autumn of 1944, Hitler managed to stabilize the front, which had begun to fall apart in the east and west, restore many defeated formations and form a number of new ones. He again thinks about how to cause a crisis in his opponents. In the West, he thought, it would be easier to do this. The idea that came to him was embodied in the plan of the German performance in the Ardennes.
From a military point of view, this offensive was a gamble. It could not inflict significant damage on the military power of the Western allies, much less cause a turning point in the war. But Hitler was primarily interested in political results.

He wanted to show the leaders of the United States and Britain that he still had enough strength to continue the war, and now he decided to shift the main efforts from east to west, which meant weakening resistance in the east and raising the danger of Germany being occupied by Soviet troops. By an unexpected display of German military power on the Western Front, with a simultaneous display of readiness to accept defeat in the East, Hitler hoped to arouse fear among the Western powers about the possible transformation of all of Germany into a Bolshevik bastion in the center of Europe. Hitler also hoped to force them to start separate negotiations with the existing regime in Germany, to make a certain compromise with him. He believed that Western democracies would prefer Nazi Germany over communist Germany.
However, all these calculations were not justified. The Western Allies, although experiencing some shock from the unexpected German offensive, did not want to have anything to do with Hitler and the regime he led. They continued to work closely with the Soviet Union, which helped them get out of the crisis caused by the Wehrmacht's Ardennes operation by launching an offensive ahead of schedule from the Vistula line.
By the middle of spring 1945, Hitler no longer had any hope for a miracle. On April 22, 1945, he decided not to leave the capital, stay in his bunker and commit suicide. The fate of the German people no longer interested him.

The Germans, Hitler believed, turned out to be unworthy of such a "brilliant leader" as he, therefore they had to die and give way to stronger and more viable peoples. In the last days of April, Hitler was concerned only with the question of his own fate. He feared the judgment of the peoples for the crimes committed. He was horrified by the news of the execution of Mussolini along with his mistress and the mockery of their corpses in Milan. This end terrified him. Hitler was in an underground bunker in Berlin, refusing to leave it: he did not go either to the front or to inspect German cities destroyed by Allied aircraft. On April 15, Eva Braun, his mistress for over 12 years, joined Hitler. At the time when he was going to power, this connection was not advertised, but as the end approached, he allowed Eva Braun to appear with him in public. In the early morning of April 29, they were married.
Having dictated a political testament in which the future leaders of Germany called for a merciless fight against the "poisoners of all peoples - international Jewry", Hitler committed suicide on April 30, 1945, and their corpses, on Hitler's orders, were burned in the garden of the Reich Chancellery, next to the bunker where the Fuhrer spent the last months of his life. :: Multimedia

:: Military theme

:: Personalities

Adolf Hitler promised his people greatness, which put them on the brink of death. The Fuhrer and his faithful Eva Braun ingloriously committed suicide in April 1945, leaving no offspring.

But Hitler's relatives survived, among them are the sisters Angela and Paula, as well as cousin Maria. Their life was inextricably linked with the life of the leader of the Third Reich and changed irrevocably after his death.

Older sister

Angela was almost 6 years older than Adolf and was born in 1883 to Franziska, Alois Hitler's second wife. The girl was barely a year old when her mother died at the age of 23 from tuberculosis. Soon the father got along with his cousin Clara, who was much younger than her husband. Church permission for marriage had to be sought in Rome - the local bishop refused to marry due to the close relationship of the bride and groom.

Angela was brought up with the common children of Alois and Clara. Four of the six, including one and a half year old Ida, died at an early age. In addition to Adolf, the elder brother of Angela Alois Jr. and the youngest sister Paula grew up in the family.

Angela was the only one in the family to whom the future Fuhrer had warm feelings and with whom he shared childhood experiences. At the very beginning of 1903, their father died of a heart attack. Angela, who received a small inheritance, married Leo Raubal and settled separately.

At first, the life of a young family developed happily. Leo Raubal and older sister Giler had three children: Leo, Angela and Elfrida. Unfortunately, 8 months after the birth of her youngest daughter, Angela was left a widow. Her husband died of tuberculosis - the same disease that once deprived the one-year-old Angela of her mother.

With three children and a younger sister in her arms

In the care of 27-year-old Angela, not only three small children were left, but also her younger sister Paula, who was barely 14 years old. Paulina and Adolf's mother died in 1907, having briefly outlived her elderly husband.

The tiny allowances for children and the widow's pension were barely enough to make ends meet and help her sister, who studied at the lyceum. In the summer of 1911, it got a little easier - Adolf renounced his allowance in favor of Paula.

Angela decides to move to Vienna, as it is easier to find a job in a big city. Historians have found information that since 1915 she worked in one of the women's pensions in the Austrian capital, and by 1919 she became its leader.

An interesting fact: in 1920, Angela Raubal worked at the University of Vienna as the head of the Jewish kitchen. Hitler lost contact with his sister for several years and managed to find her only in 1919.

Hitler's housekeeper

In 1928, Angela abruptly resigns from a leadership position and agrees to Adolf's offer to become his housekeeper. Together with her youngest daughter Elfriede, she moves to the Wachenfeld estate, located in Obersalzberg. Hitler rented it and subsequently bought it, making it his main residence until 1945. After the reconstruction in the 1930s, the estate was named "Bernghof" ("Mountain Yard").

Members of Hitler's apparatus remembered Angela as a respected, energetic and determined woman. She considered herself responsible for the well-being of her brother, strictly followed the servants, was an excellent cook and an impeccable housewife. Angela secured complete power in the house - any messages and notes for Hitler first of all fell into her hands.

Life in the half-brother's estate was not cloudless. Rumors circulated persistently about Hitler's connection with the "young charmer" Geli - the eldest daughter and namesake of Angela - which continued until the death of the Fuhrer's niece.

In September 1931, after a major quarrel with her uncle and probable lover, Angela Raubal's eldest daughter committed suicide by shooting herself with Hitler's pistol. According to some reports, she was pregnant at the time of her death.

Angela, more than anything else, was devoted to her brother, and even the death of her daughter did not prompt her to leave Hitler's service. However, with the advent of the Fuhrer Eva Braun, whom Adolf's sister categorically did not accept, Angela Raubal had to accept the loss.

In 1935, she left the Fuhrer's estate and moved to Dresden, where a year later she remarried the architect Martin Hammitz.

Paula Wolf

As a child, Paula did not see affection from her brother. At the beginning of the 21st century, German historians found her diary, the authenticity of which was confirmed by expertise. An eight-year-old girl writes in it about her 15-year-old brother: “I again feel the heavy hand of my brother on my face.”

The German scientist Timothy Reiback, head of the Institute for Modern History of the city of Obersalzberg, commented on the discovery as follows: “Adolf replaced the girl’s father who died early. He was extremely harsh with his sister, repeatedly beat her. However, Paula justified it, thinking that such an approach was necessary for her upbringing.

Adolf's younger sister worked as a secretary for a Viennese insurance company. In 1930, she lost her job, after which Hitler began to provide her with constant financial assistance, which ended only with his death. Not needing money, Paula limited herself to temporary part-time jobs.

At the request of her brother, she changed her last name, becoming Paula Wolf. Hitler advised her to do so "for her own safety." After Angela left the Bernghof estate, the household passed into the hands of her younger sister.

For many years it was believed that Hitler's younger sister was just an innocent relative of the bloody Fuhrer. However, German historians have found out that she was going to marry one of the most brutal organizers of the Holocaust, doctor and euthanasia specialist Erwin Jaeckelius, who was responsible for the death of 4,000 Jews in gas chambers. Only Hitler's direct ban prevented this marriage.

War and last years of life

During World War II, Angela lived in Dresden. She reconciled with her brother and even transmitted, at his request, the necessary information to those relatives with whom he did not want to communicate. Paula worked throughout the war as a secretary in a military hospital. After the bombing of Dresden by Allied aircraft in February 1945, the Fuhrer convinced both sisters to move to Berchtesgaden, in western Germany, away from the advancing Red Army troops, and ensured their move. Angela did not live long after the war. She died of a stroke in the fall of 1949.

Paula was arrested by the Americans, interrogated, but soon released. For several years she lived in the Austrian capital, gradually spending her savings, then worked in an art store. In 1952, she again moved to Berchtesgaden under the name of Paula Wolf, where she lived in seclusion in a small apartment until her death in 1960.

Hitler's sister in the Urals

Maria Koppensteiner (nee Schmidt) was the daughter of Hitler's maternal aunt Theresia. During interrogations after her arrest by the Counterintelligence Directorate of the 3rd Ukrainian Front, she said that she had last contacted the Hitlers in 1906. Nevertheless, it was thanks to the relationship with the leader of the Third Reich that Maria and her husband became the owners of 19 hectares of fertile land.

Ignaz Koppensteiner, Maria's husband, joined the Nazi Party in 1932, and Maria followed suit 6 years later. During the war, laborers worked on their estate - Ukrainians driven away by the Nazis from their native places. Maria Koppensteiner was sentenced to 25 years in prison for using forced labor. Five of them she was kept in Lefortovo prison, then she was transferred to a special prison of the MGB, located in Verkhneuralsk.

An elderly woman in prison learned to speak Russian. She read a lot until she lost her sight. Because of the pain in her legs, she was almost unable to go for a walk. Hitler's sister was bullied by inmates and prison staff.

Warden Vasily Selyavin recalled: “The poor thing spent seven winters in slippers with thin soles. The woman, always with a cold, begged to give her felt boots, but the head of the colony replied: “You can do it!” She was even denied glasses.”

In 1955, German Chancellor Adenauer achieved repatriation from the USSR of German prisoners and internees held there. Maria Koppensteiner did not wait for this day - she died, according to one source, in the Verkhneuralsk prison on August 6, 1953 (according to other sources, December 18, 1954).