Complete social isolation after 30 years. Hikikomori or voluntary self-isolation

social isolation

social isolation- a social phenomenon in which there is a rejection of an individual or a social group from other individuals or social groups as a result of the termination or a sharp reduction in social contacts and relationships.

In the general case, isolation is resorted to by the party that, in the process of communication, incurs more losses (costs) than it receives benefits (in its understanding). Isolation does not involve enmity. Any destructive actions, even if they occur, are aimed solely at ending contacts, and end immediately after that.

Individual isolation can be:

from specific human(good or bad). Special case.
from a specific groups persons (meaningful to him).
from societies as a whole (or most of it). Extreme case.

The following types and types are applicable for each of these cases. The isolation of some social groups from others can be seen as the isolation of an individual (included in one group) from another group.

Types

Complete isolation- completely absent both personal contacts with other people and indirect ways of communication (telephone, letter). Such isolation from the whole society can be experienced by a person as the hardest test or the greatest bliss. A defensive reaction of the psyche is usually a split personality (“talking to oneself”). Examples: desert island, solitary confinement.
Physical isolation- not having the ability (desire) personal meeting, the individual communicates freely through technical means of communication - telephone, mail, Internet. Telephone (and video) communication, as very close to direct communication, is preferred or ignored according to the desire or avoidance of personal meetings. Examples: hikikomori, monks, sickness, quarantine, different cities/countries.
Formal (business, everyday) communication- the individual is a full member of the group, however (he has in this group) a minimum informal communication, that is - social contacts. It is the norm for functional groups (work, study, organizations) and strangers. This type of insulation from everyone around people happen when they get into a completely different environment (moving to another city, prison, army) - temporarily, before joining one of the groups, or for a long time - in case of rejection of an individual in a closed group ("outcasts" in prison, army, school).

Species (by initiator)

(society) Forced isolation- an individual or a social group is isolated in places of deprivation of liberty, this is one of the factors in the existence of criminal subcultures or countercultures. Examples: prisons, compulsory treatment hospitals
(individual) Voluntary isolation an individual or a social group occurs under the influence of two factors: 1) by one's own will or conviction; 2) due to the influence of subjective factors. Examples: monks, hermits, hikikomori (physical isolation from society); isolation / secrecy / distrust when communicating with people (pure social self-isolation).
(happening) Involuntary (forced) isolation- occurs due to random objective factors: an unplanned long stay in a deserted place or in a hostile / alien / unfamiliar social environment, illness. In the case of an alien social environment, over time, an infusion into it is possible, but these relations do not bring complete satisfaction. As a rule, such isolation (places of stay) are temporary and are left by the individual at the first opportunity.
(Group) breakup, boycott- other members of the social group minimize any (even formal) communication with the individual (as a rule, because of his violation of the norms of this society). In mobile groups, it ends with the voluntary departure of the individual from the group or his expulsion.

public (social) isolation- An element of human genetics, a decrease in the frequency or absence of the formation of marriages (i.e. "crossing") between representatives of different social strata, classes, races, religious groups, residents of different regions, etc.; the presence of O.i. ... ... Technical Translator's Handbook

Parents should also be even more involved in assisting the adolescent in realistic planning for completion of high school, or if indicated, high school education, and employment. Completion… … Psychological Encyclopedia

A social group is an association of people who have a common significant social attribute based on their participation in some activity connected by a system of relations that are regulated by formal or informal social institutions. ... Wikipedia

Insulation: Waterproofing protection against water penetration. Reproductive isolation is a mechanism that prevents the exchange of genes between populations. Isolation in population genetics exclusion or impediment of free crossing. Isolation in ... ... Wikipedia

S. p. has to do with the cumulative gain in well-being that people receive from their relationships with others. The empirical study of S. p. began relatively recently, having arisen within the framework of the social. epidemiology and community psychology (community ... Psychological Encyclopedia

Novolatinsk. isolation; for etymology, see Isolated. Solitude of an electrified body. Explanation of 25,000 foreign words that have come into use in the Russian language, with the meaning of their roots. Michelson A.D., 1865. ISOLATION separation separation; ... ... Dictionary of foreign words of the Russian language

Insulation- social deprivation, rearing or keeping animals in conditions of reduced contact with representatives of their own species or its complete absence (limited isolation). As a rule, I. is accompanied by other types ... ... Dictionary of trainer

Social deviation - social behavior that deviates from the accepted, socially acceptable behavior in a particular society. It can be both negative (alcoholism) and positive. Negative deviant behavior leads to the use of ... ... Wikipedia

Makurin Anton Alekseevich, Student of the Department of Social Pedagogy and Psychology, Vladimir State University named after Alexander Grigorievich and Nikolai Grigorievich Stoletovs, Vladimir [email protected]

Levitskaya Linda Viktorovna, Candidate of Psychological Sciences, Senior Lecturer, Department of Social Pedagogy and Psychology, Vladimir State University named after Alexander Grigorievich and Nikolai Grigorievich Stoletovs, Vladimir [email protected]

Social self-isolation: a prerequisite or a consequence of computer addiction

Annotation. The article analyzes a modern approach to the problem of the formation of Internet addiction due to the social self-isolation of a person, which, in turn, can act both as a prerequisite and at the same time as a consequence of the emergence of this type of addiction. Key words: Internet addiction, social self-isolation, personality maladaptation.

New electronic technologies are a modern universal and multifunctional tool for the development of man and society. The most widely used computer network in our time is the Internet, also known as the World Wide Web. It is difficult to imagine the youth of the 21st century without the Internet. Today, perhaps, there is no other available source of information that would attract with its brightness, diversity and abundance of resources provided. You no longer need to go to the cinema, to a concert of your favorite band, sit up in the library or bother shopping. All the necessary information can be obtained without leaving the screen of your own monitor. The Internet has another big plus: the possibility of free communication of young people, the search for old and new friends. However, these properties are fraught with danger: online games, chats, social networks, entertainment portals tighten, affecting the fragile psyche and subconscious. A person plunges into the virtual world: forgets about friends, school and home duties. Reality recedes into the background. This is how Internet addiction is formed - an obsessive desire to connect to the Internet and a painful inability to interrupt work on the network. The World Health Organization has classified Internet addiction as a pathological addiction that contributes to the destruction of the individual.

internet phenomenon

addiction attracts the attention of network researchers, scientists, and the media. The developments of recent years indicate that adolescents are over-enthusiastic about the Internet, often abusing it, and in some cases, a clear dependence on the virtual environment.

One of the first to talk about the technological dependence of a person on a computer and the emergence of virtual addiction was the English psychologist M. Griffiths, who had previously studied the behavior of gamblers. However, long before him, the science fiction writer K. Simak warned in his preface to the novel "The City": "There is nothing wrong with technology as such, only our thoughtless passion for it is bad. We deify machines; in a sense, we have sold our souls to them. ... There are others , the highest values, in addition to those that technical progress brings with it. ... Under the influence of technology, our society and worldview are losing humanity. drug addiction, how much behavior with a reduced level of self-control that threatens to crowd out a normal life. Internet addiction has become a social problem that causes public concern and is the subject of special studies. The category of loneliness should play a special role in the analysis of this problem. Feeling of loneliness, not being the only cause of the Internet

dependence is, of course, one of its factors. In modern theory and practice, there are various typologies of loneliness. The prerequisite for their occurrence was the task of determining the nature of the deficit of social relations, as well as identifying the characteristics of the social position of the individual, causing her loneliness. One of such typologies belongs to R. Weiss. According to his views, there are actually two emotional states that people who experience them tend to regard as "loneliness". These are states of emotional and social isolation. Social loneliness is expressed in a person’s deep experience of the lack of an accessible social circle and social connections that satisfy him. In other words, emotional loneliness is the result of a lack of psychological attachment of the individual to loved ones, the absence of friends.

From the point of view of various sociological and socio-psychological concepts, there are a number of factors that probably determine the emergence and development of the Internet.

addictive behavior: social disorganization, poor social inclusion, low self-control, social anxiety, low self-esteem, depression, craving disorders, substance abuse, etc.

The Internet satisfies many conscious and subconscious needs of users. It contains everything that the user can be passionate about. And this is the main reason for the addiction to the Internet. According to recent research, going into the world of fantasy has become one of the most common strategies for the behavior of today's youth in difficult life situations. There are already concepts according to which drugs were the “alcohol” of the post-industrial era, and computer games will be the “alcohol” of the information era. So what makes the Internet attractive as a means of “escape” from reality? First, it is the possibility of anonymous communication, which in a sense is a relative value of modernity. In

secondly, the Internet makes it possible to realize ideas, fantasies with feedback (including the ability to create new images of the "I"; verbalization of ideas and / or fantasies that are impossible to implement in the ordinary world. Finally, thirdly, an extremely wide possibility of searching and unlimited access to any information.Cyberspace provides the user with an innumerable number of people and groups that unite their members according to interests, values, inclinations.It is also important that as a result of using the Internet, a person has a feeling of complete control and ownership of the situation, which satisfies the need for security, one of the basic needs in the system. The prerequisites for the formation of Internet addiction in schoolchildren and adolescents can be causes and needs from a variety of areas of personal interaction.The most common include the following: lack of communication and warm emotional relationships in the family; Seeing the Web as an environment that can provide emotional support, as opposed to the real world, where it is more difficult to get such a response; Desire to be understood; Lack of parental control; Inability to connect with others; Lack of friends; Difficulties with school performance; Lack of serious hobbies, interests, hobbies, etc. In accordance with what goals the user pursues, there are three main types of Internet addiction: 1. Obsessive web surfing aimless surfing the Internet, constant search for any, often unnecessary information; 2. Predilection for virtual communication - large volumes of correspondence, constant participation in chat rooms, web forums, redundancy of acquaintances and friends on the network; 3. Game addiction is an obsessive passion for network games. In modern scientific research, the concept of "computer addicts" has been introduced, which refers to people who are under the influence of the virtual world of computer games for a long and regular time and experience a pathological attraction to them, which as a result leads to psychosocial deprivation. Similar deviations were found in gamers who sit daily at the computer for eighteen hours. In such cases, a computer addict may develop panic attacks, general depression, and suicidal attempts. In addition, studies show that gambling addiction is the basis for destructive personality development, which is expressed in the distance of a person from loved ones, loss of interest in live communication and reality. Passion for the game is used by people as a means of avoiding serious social problems. This problem is especially relevant in childhood and adolescence due to the psychological characteristics of the individual that characterize the specifics of ages. It is possible to single out categories of adolescents whose individual characteristics determine their belonging to a risk group in the context of the problem of the formation of the Internet.

dependencies. First, these are teenagers who believe that they are not enough, what depends in this life. For failures, they tend to blame others or an insidious set of circumstances; they dream of a miracle that will save them from any problems and do not make efforts to achieve the goal or leave the work they have started halfway. Secondly, teenagers with low self-esteem, who, with the help of the game, seek to assert themselves, either feel like a hero, a winner in a virtual battle, or win a huge amount of money. Thirdly, teenagers with a high degree of suggestibility, that is, a willingness to submit to someone else's will. Fourth, teenagers who lack independence, determination, as well as openness and contact in communicating with peers. Finally, there are children who dreamed of becoming leaders, but never achieved this status. It is they who can sit at the computer for days, imagining themselves the rulers of galaxies.

As a rule, those who become Internet addicts change their personality. This is no longer the same harmonious personality, but the personality is already addictive. The danger lies in the fact that very often, sooner or later, addictive personalities become socially maladjusted. Internet addiction contributes to the formation of a number of psychological problems: conflict behavior, chronic depression, preference for the virtual space of real life , difficulties of adaptation in society, loss of the ability to control the time spent at the computer, the emergence of a feeling of discomfort in the absence of the possibility of using the Internet. Considering the results of monitoring for gambling addiction, which was carried out in three educational institutions in Moscow, we see the following: 58% of schoolchildren are aware of the urgency of the problem gambling addiction, 28% do not see gambling as a problem, 50% consider gambling as a disease. Exactly half of the respondents (50%) are sure that the problem of gambling will not affect them personally. 63% believe that neither they nor their relatives have encountered a problem gambling addiction. 74% believe that people who abuse computers and gambling do not realize that they depend on them. 57% of respondents believe that strong-willed effort is not enough to fight gambling addiction. 48% do not want to spend more time at the computer, however 45 % regularly use the Internet for entertainment and communication. Based on the monitoring, we can conclude that there is a fairly high level of awareness of this socially significant disease.

Thus, we once again come to the conclusion that the Internet is an attractive means of escape from reality due to the possibility of anonymous social interactions. Of particular importance here is the sense of security and awareness of one's anonymity in the implementation of interactions. The degree of immersion in virtuality determines the degree of desocialization of the individual. These processes are directly proportional. Computer-addicted people lose social skills. The real world is becoming more and more complicated: it frightens, repels, its rules are difficult to understand and this forms a vicious circle.

In especially severe cases, a person turns into a recluse who does not leave his apartment or even his room. This phenomenon is very common in Japan. To refer to people who have become part of this vicious circle, a new term has been proposed "Hikikomori" (Japanese 引き篭もり, colloquial abbr. hikki, lit. being in solitude, that is, "acute social self-isolation"), which refers to adolescents and young people who refuse to social life and often tend to an extreme degree of isolation and solitude due to various personal and social factors. Such people do not have a job and live dependent on their relatives. Many people experience stress when interacting with the outside world, but only in hikikomori this leads to such pathological phenomena as complete, prolonged self-isolation. In some cases, they may not leave their apartment or even their room for years. Usually they have a very small circle of friends, or none at all. Although hikikomori prefer not to leave the premises, some occasionally get out. Self-isolation from society usually begins gradually. People who become hikikomori may appear outwardly unhappy, lose friends, become emotionally insecure, shy, and unsociable. This has led some researchers to believe that hikikomori may have some mental disorder that interferes with their social integration. Suwa and Hara (2007) in their study write that of the 27 cases studied, 17 had mental disorders and only 10 had no obvious abnormalities. Hikikomori syndrome is also an anxiety disorder, also known as social phobia. China is the only country in the world where already 400 camps have appeared for teenagers who found themselves on the verge of a mental shift due to hundreds of hours spent at the computer. The first such camps appeared in China in 2008. and since then, 12 teenagers have died there. Methods are used in the army, conditions are paramilitary, psychologists are actively working. But, according to statistics, in the center of Professor Tao Rano, 70% of game-addicted teenagers were cured. China was the first to classify game addiction as a clinical disorder. There is only one clinic in the United States that treats patients with conventional medical methods. In Russia, an Internet Safety League has been created to help parents block certain sites, and that's it. And this despite the fact that already about 70% of our teenagers prefer virtual life to real life.Internet

the addict loses the sense of real time, ignores relatives and friends, stops eating and drinking regularly, and loses sleep. In return, he gets the illusion of intimacy with ideal friends, a sense of permissiveness, omnipotence, unlimited freedom. Everything that distracts from the Internet begins to interfere and annoy. That is, the rest of life. From conversations with parents and children, the main problem emerges that leads into the virtual world - loneliness. What do psychologists advise? Reduce emotional stress in the family. A teenager hates the world of quarrels, reproaches, at best, indifference. He must make sure that there is at least something in the outside world that is generally worth returning to. As already mentioned, the teenager himself is often tired of everyday “sitting in front of the monitor” and the sensations he received in real life, for example at a concert, will be many times brighter than him virtual experience, the main thing is to seize on these feelings and periodically give a new charge of positive emotions, otherwise the teenager will return to his "friend".

audience, internet problem

addictive behavior may later become one of the reasons for low social adaptation, poor integration into social relations of the most able-bodied part of the population. Speaking about the prevention of Internet addiction in children, one should pay attention to the fact that raising a child it is only a part of life, and not the most important gift for good behavior. The only currently proven way to prevent a child from becoming dependent on a computer is to involve him in processes that are not related to computer activities so that electronic games and processes do not become a substitute for reality. To show the growing person that there are many interesting entertainments besides the computer, which not only allow you to experience the thrill, but also train the body and normalize the psychological state. Thus, we see that the problem of social loneliness and Internet addiction are connected with each other. This problem is very serious and louder and louder knocking on the door. Of course, in modern conditions it is impossible to isolate a person from the use of network resources. However, ways to neutralize the negative information impact of computer networks should be thought out. The basic principle of weakening and treating addiction is substitution. Therefore, overcoming addiction consists in building a new system of human self-awareness, in which he learns to interact with the world around him again, in which the support and help of loved ones is very necessary and important. It is necessary to develop a culture of communication with a computer. An effective method of combating Internet addiction is the method of using various control programs. Overcoming addiction consists in building a new system of self-awareness of a person in which he learns to interact with the world around him again. computer. You need to expand your social circle with nice people and go to some kind of course, be it language groups, aerobics, swimming pool, musical instrument lessons, etc. Great way to travel. If you want to end the addiction, even on the part of the victim himself, it is very difficult for him to do it alone. He should feel support from his relatives, they, in turn, should pull him out of the computer, through an interesting pastime.

The easiest and most affordable way to solve an addiction is to acquire another addiction. Love for a healthy lifestyle, communication with wildlife, creative hobbies, as a rule, take a person out of addiction. It is very important to understand that the Internet, like any other thing, can bring both good and harm, you just need to know how to use it.

2004.V.25.No. 1.C.90100.3.Zimyanina, N. Doomed Keyboard Slaves /N.Zimyanina // Miracles and Adventures. .26285.Internet addictive behavior of adolescents //Narconet.2014.№3.С.26276.Computer "for" and "against" // Do not be addicted.2014.№5.С.42437.Lobanova, A.N.Skazhi no gambling!/A.N. Lobanova //Narkonet.2014.№8.С.26298. The phenomenon of Internet addiction and loneliness / N.A. Tsoi // Sociological research. 2011. No. 12. С. Internet addiction and deprivation as a result of virtual interactions / N.V. Korytnikova / / Sociological research. 2010. No. 6. P.7079.10. Rasskazova, E.I. Excessive use of the Internet: factors and signs / G.U. Soldatova, E.I. Rasskazova // Psychological journal. Prevention of computer addiction in adolescents / S.V. Fadeeva // Social pedagogy. 2012. No. 1. С. 2015)

Social exclusion can be considered as a form or source of social deformation, as well as a normal form of human existence, necessary for the performance of any important social and cultural functions. It can play both a negative and a positive role. For example, the isolation of a drug addict from his friends who are prone to the same ailment during the period of his rehabilitation undoubtedly plays a positive role, since it allows you to remove the main reason - group pressure, imitation of others, being in a criminogenic environment. There are many examples in criminal practice when the methods of execution, due to unforeseen circumstances, doomed the convict to a protracted, painful death. Consequently, social isolation can be seen as a relatively humane and, at the same time, fair reward.

Under insulation understand either physical or emotional loneliness. social isolation - such a social phenomenon in which there is a removal of an individual or a social group from other individuals or social groups as a result of the termination or a sharp reduction in social contacts and interactions.

Social isolation and ostracism can be formed on the basis of both objective conditions independent of the actions of an individual, and personal characteristics, such as unusual appearance, illness or deviant behavior. Social isolation can refer to the individual and entire communities.

Communities (tribes, ethnic groups, ethnographic groups, countries) for a long time leading a way of life closed from the outside world, limiting any contacts with other communities and thus retaining their identity, in the literature it is customary to call social isolates. This term, apparently, was borrowed from biology, where the corresponding concepts, defined by

which are isolated from the dominant population for the biological existence of any representatives of flora and fauna.

Social isolates appear voluntarily and forcibly, exist for a relatively short or long time, break completely or partially contacts with the rest of the world, receiving both good and harm from their state. For example, individual methods of manual influence were preserved among the people, primarily in isolates, and were transmitted only to the elite from generation to generation. Similar

shamanic traditions, techniques and rituals were passed down from generation to generation only within the same family (kindred clan), thanks to which they have survived to this day.

The term "isolate" first appeared in the concept of the functioning of culture by the famous anthropologist B. Malinovsky. The nature of the isolates is different. First, there are geographic isolates, cut off from the massif of Eurasia, which should be regarded as the main arena for the development of world civilizations. Secondly, one can point to isolates due to climatic conditions. Such places include the far North and some equatorial regions. A specific ethno-cultural isolate is the North Caucasus - a mountainous country separated from Europe by natural barriers.

There are geographical isolates - island communities, tribes that have lived lost in the jungle for many years, and sociocultural (social) isolates - underground communities (ghettos, closed religions).

communities, criminal gangs and prisoners, hippie communities) living in a society that does not accept its laws and cultural values, deliberately distancing itself from it.

Anthropologists are well aware that the isolation of small groups leads to a slowdown in the evolution of a community. If backward tribes are now found, then with a high degree of probability we can assume that social isolation forced them to linger at the Neolithic and even Paleolithic stage of development.

Ethnologists rank among the conditions of social isolation also forms of marriage, historically formed in different parts of the world. So, for example, endogamy (from "endo ..." and Greek. gamos- marriage) - marriage ties within certain social groups in the era of the primitive communal system. The endogamous group was usually the tribe. The endogamy of a tribe, as a rule, was combined with the exogamy of the clans and phratries included in it. This kind of isolates form groups of the population with marriage ties that are realized only within a fairly narrow framework. Communities living in isolated colonies gradually degenerate as a result of small numbers and consanguineous marriages. Semi-savage tribes have survived in isolates such as the islands of the Pacific region, the jungles of the Amazon and Africa.

The Bible describes the rule that believers were to marry only within their own religious community. Since in the Old Testament the community actually coincided with the ethnos, endogamy often took on a tribal, national character. The first indication of this kind of endogamy is found in the story of Abraham, who

Feeling isolated from their peers, many lesbians, gays

and bisexuals continue to evade social cons

cycles, because they fear that this may provoke

very unpleasant experience. Communication with representatives

of the same sex causes them strong emotions and sexual

living, communication with the opposite sex only on

recalls the absence of any sexual interest and

versa (Rivers, 1994; 1995a) showed that many young homo-

sexual people really feel their isolation and experience

humiliation due to real or just imagined

mosexuality.

There are still few homosexual youth in the UK

groups. The few that have taken shape in recent

years, have very limited resources. Support from one hundred

rona local departments of education is rather exceptional

nie than the rule, especially mindful of the 28th article of the local

Government act of 1988, which warned

no local authorities from "consciously encouraging homosexual

Lesbian and gay youth groups are usually built around

democratic principles. At the same time, specialists working

with young people, almost do not take part in activities

these groups. Although the reasons for this are mainly economic

character, it should be noted that the absence of such special

alists contributes to the development of self-directiveness of these groups

and often causes a feeling of anxiety in adolescents, increasing

into any gay youth group, it is necessary that the psycho

the therapist found out if there are such in the area of residence

teenagers and what they do. However useful

remember that the situation in these groups is constantly changing

Xia, and membership in them can be fraught with various consequences

2 2 8 | Part II.

PRIVATE QUESTIONS

Hetrick and Martin (1987) also note

whether that the feeling of social exclusion makes young people

gays look for places where they could meet other people

mi gays - mainly for sex. Maybe

at the same time, their social interaction is very limited

nicheny (one of the examples is, for example, meetings of gay

in public toilets). This leads to the formation of

Vedic stereotypes associated with sexual manifestations

niyami already at the first stage of acquaintance, and does not allow young

smoke gays communicate on other levels, and besides, even more

lowers their self-esteem as they begin to think that

others only want to have sex with them, and enhances the feeling

the notion that homosexuality is associated with promiscuity.

Other dangers are associated with this, for example, for health and without

dangers for young people. In the current situation where the law

prohibits sexual intercourse under the age of 18, they

prefer short relationships, as full-fledged

intimate relationships with older gay men

bears significant risk.

For young lesbians, social isolation can

lead to the fact that, getting to know each other, the girls get

into a strong emotional dependence on each other, and this

makes them communicate with other people (see the sixth chapter). Mouth-

bloom (Rothblum, 1990) indicates that the isolation of young

lesbianism leads to depression, addiction and self-destruction

active behavior.

emotional isolation

Manifestations of emotional isolation are caused in adolescents

kov the emergence of feelings of alienation from relatives,

the need to hide their sexual manifestations from

those around you and watch your behavior. In addition, mo

Bad people can be afraid of their own feelings and needs.

and therefore strive to suppress them. The obvious result

this is depression; research data decrees

blame the fact that 20% of young lesbians and gays undertook

suicide attempts (Trenchard and Warren, 1984; Hetrick and

Chapter 8. Psychotherapeutic work with young people {229

Tylartin, 1987). Research done by Ian Rivers on

based at Luton University show that bullying

adolescents over their homosexual peers, as well as

other manifestations of homophobia increase social and emotional

sexual isolation of young lesbians and gays leads to their

alienation from

surrounding and

depression in adulthood

age.

In addition, the lack of support from relatives

and fear of parents and teachers cause in adolescents

a feeling of hopelessness and despair, as well as attempts to cock

sabotage or suicide. Rivers cites the conclusion

American

Department of Health and

social

protection from 1989, from which it follows that suicide attempts

actions were made

young lesbians and gays five times

more often than their heterosexual peers (see Rivers, 1994;

1995a; 1995c).

cognitive isolation

Young people often

opportunities

getting about homo

sexuality correct information.

School libraries

tecs are afraid

keep books,

representing

homosexual

in a positive light, and even if they contain such

teenager will not want to take them, fearing stigmatization

tions. Due to the lack of suitable role models, young

gays and lesbians believe that they have no choice but to

follow the worst examples of homosexual behavior. Them

it seems that they either can

reproduce

stereotyped

image of homosexuality, or to deny it in oneself, thereby

exacerbating their

social exclusion and making it difficult to accept

their sexual identity. More discussion

homophobia and the process of "discovery" is contained in the third and

fourth chapters.

Clinical example 1

One example of isolation is

the case of Jamie, a 15-year-old gay man referred to a school

psychologist because of bullying by peers at school

le. Jamie came to the first meeting with a psychologist in makeup

2 3 0 | Part II.

PRIVATE QUESTIONS

and women's clothing. His "effeminateness" made the teenager

gay since the age of 9. Recently he started to "hang out" with others

drag queens at the local gay pub. teenager believed

that others expect him to act like a woman

on, as he is "not a real man". The same people who

rye accepted his similar behavior, expressed their

support. However, there were few of them, and Jamie felt

very lonely. The psychologist tried to convince the teenager

that he, despite everything, is a man, and that su

There are many situations where he can feel it.

Therefore, he does not need to follow stereotyped precepts.

gay beliefs in order to be gay. dressing up

Jamie in women's clothing can be seen as a reflection of not

conscious desire to cause a negative reaction of the environment

tying because he felt that they, except for the bonds

whom the circle of transvestites will not understand anyway. After sign

Jamie's intercourse with other lesbians and gays, as well as after

work carried out by the psychotherapist aimed at improving

the decision of his self-esteem, the teenager refused to portray "wives

chin" at school and changed into women's clothes only in under

walking for this conditions.

self-esteem

Isolation significantly affects a teenager's self-esteem. In-

internalized homophobia has a wide variety of

manifestations that may be associated with HIV infection

abuse, suicide attempts and sexual assault.

HIV infection

If young gay or bisexual men are burdened by their sexual

Stu, it is quite possible that in the course of sexual contacts they

will not take any protective measures. Reduced self

evaluation hinders their persistence and acceptance

cipiality when discussing with your partners is necessary

Psychotherapeutic work with young people I 2 3 1

ability to research means of protection. They feel that "not

worthy" to use these means and that in the future they are expected

give only humiliation and

ridicule. They are

having sex in

state of alcoholic or drug intoxication and

for this also do not apply means of protection.

Held in

australia

research

show that more often

contraceptives

you apply where gays are included in

society.

homosexual co

“By maintaining close ties with each other in general - sexual,

multisexual communities have more opportunities to change

forms of their sexual practice. Conversely, those gays who

almost did not communicate with their own kind and are not included in homosex

social community, it is more difficult to change the forms of their sexual

practices” (Kippax et al., 1992, p. 116).

This study raises the question of whether

learning

young people

the use of protective measures and

following more

safe

sexual behavior

Young people just starting out

"find",

feeling their

isolation and not yet

trying

challenge myths and stereotypes about homosexual

ness, not

feel like a part

gay communities and do not have

enough self-esteem needed to take care of

worry about health and safety. In this case, the psychotherapist

can play a very important role

realize

their attitudes towards HIV infection and safer sex.

We draw the attention of readers to the work of Shernoff (Shemoff,

psychotherapists

opportunities for

comprehensive

discussions with

clients

questions, even though they

feel

ready for them

discussion and

possess

sufficient

knowledge about

fitting and

History knows many described cases when a person, for various reasons, was cut off from society. Mankind also knows stories about abandoned, lost or "wolf" children. They can be found in various legends and messages of ancient and medieval chroniclers (Herodotus, Livy, Salimben), in the works of philosophers and teachers (J.J. Rousseau). We find reports of "wolf children" to this day.

Many works of many foreign and domestic scientists of various fields of science are devoted to the problems of isolation. To date, the basic problems of isolation have been developed, and a definition of its typology has been given.

Forms of social isolation differ not only in the degree of its rigidity, but also in who is its initiator, who exactly sets the deprivation nature of the relationship of a person or group with a wide society. On this basis, M. Yu. Kondratiev identifies the following forms of isolation:

1) forced isolation, when the group as a whole, and each of its members individually, find themselves cut off from the social environment due to circumstances, regardless of their own desire or the will of society (for example, the crew of a shipwrecked ship that ended up on a desert island or an expedition lost in the taiga or desert, etc.). P.);

2) forced isolation, when, regardless of the desire of people, and often against their will, society deliberately separates them, isolating them within the framework of closed groups, examples of such communities can be:

a) convicts in the conditions of various correctional and educational labor institutions, persons under investigation, located within the walls of pre-trial detention centers, patients subjected to compulsory treatment for drug addiction, substance abuse, alcoholism, skin and venereal diseases;

b) the closure of groups, membership in which, at least officially, does not imply any infringement of rights and does not imply a low social status of a person - conscript soldiers in conditions of universal compulsory military service, pupils of orphanages, orphanages, schools - boarding schools;

3) voluntary isolation, when people of their own free will unite within closed groups, not being directly stimulated to such “social retreat” by the requirements of society (for example, monks, hermits, sectarians who settle in remote, hard-to-reach places, etc., i.e. those , for whom exactly alienation from society, severing ties with it is perceived as a prerequisite for preserving one's personality);

4) voluntary, or voluntary-compulsory isolation, when the achievement of some goal that is significant for people is connected with the painful need to sharply limit one's contacts with the familiar environment. These can be diverse professional closed groups (submarine crews, crews of long-duration space flights, etc.), as well as professional specialized boarding schools of an elite nature (boarding schools for especially gifted children and adolescents, sports boarding schools, Nakhimov and Suvorov schools).

A person who is in isolation for a long time can be subject to deprivation.

Deprivation - the mental state of a person resulting from a long-term limitation of his ability to meet basic mental needs; characterized by pronounced deviations in emotional and intellectual development, violation of social contacts

deprivation- a term widely used today in psychology and medicine, meaning "deprivation or limitation of the ability to meet vital needs", sufficiently and for a long time.

A life situation where there is no possibility of satisfying important mental needs is defined as deprivation situation.

Depending on what exactly a person is deprived of, various types of deprivation are distinguished.

Sensory deprivation- a reduced number of sensory stimuli (visual, auditory, etc.) or their limited variability and modality.

As observations show, the lack of an influx of stimuli leads to a kind of experience called sensory hunger. Sensory hunger is harmful to a person of any age, and it is especially destructive for a child.

A child who suffers from a limitation of sensory stimuli from childhood (for example, due to congenital blindness or deafness) or who is brought up without a mother in early childhood, entering the impoverished environment of an orphanage, hospital, boarding school, has a negative impact on mental development.

cognitive deprivation- too changeable, chaotic structure of the external world without a clear ordering of meaning, which makes it impossible to understand, anticipate, regulate what is happening from the outside. Most often, this type of deprivation can be observed in the experiment.

Motor deprivation - severe limitation of movement. We encounter this type of deprivation when we deal with injuries or illnesses that do not allow movement.

The consequences of motor deprivation for children are especially severe. It has been established that the medically necessary restriction of movements of children with congenital hip dislocation by means of spacers leads to a noticeable increase in the anxiety of these children, who become whiny and touchy.

In adults in conditions of short-term isolation (operator's activity in small-capacity cabins, in operational rest mode; waiting for emergency actions), conditions close to deprivation can be observed and they are associated with the problem of hypokinesia (limited motor activity).

Deprivation emotional- insufficient opportunity to establish an intimate emotional relationship with any person or break such an emotional connection, if one has already been created (primarily with parents who provide personality formation)

social deprivation- a limited opportunity for assimilation of an autonomous social role, the implementation of social self-realization, familiarization with socially significant goals and values.

Social deprivation is often faced by older people after retirement, when the usual circles of communication are broken, the feeling of being needed by society is gone. A similar form of deprivation occurs in young, outwardly wealthy and prosperous mothers who care for their children.

Not only young fragile women, but also healthy strong men suffer from social exclusion. So, for example, it turned out that pilots who are alone during long-range monotonous flights perceive the loneliness and monotony of the environment as depressing. The lack of variable stimuli and solitude led in some cases even to depersonalization and derealization, and sometimes to hallucinations. Pilots (up to 35%) of jet aircraft, car drivers driving at night on long monotonous highways, observers of radar installations on submarines, and workers in rather stereotypical assembly line work are familiar with this sense of isolation.

Very interesting are the examples of polar explorers and shipwrecked people who lived alone for months in the monotonous environment of snowy or sea expanses. All of them give examples of painful sensations with which they were overwhelmed by the eternal immutability of the environment, from which they escaped only by labor. Moreover, they often went into obsessive adherence to stereotypical activities and strictly observed the daily routine.

Deprivation lesion- a mental state characterized by a special individual processing of stimulus impoverishment, which a person achieves in a deprivation situation.

Scientist. Richard Baird spent 6 months alone in Antarctica in 1938. He sought to find out the essence of the impact of solitude on the individual. I must say that as a person, he loved solitude. But, nevertheless, he took all measures to diversify his activities and not freeze. Despite this, after three months in a lonely Antarctic hut, he fell into a deep depression. Later, analyzing what happened, R. Bard wrote: “I think that a person cannot do without sounds, smells, voices, communication with other people, just as he cannot live without phosphorus and calcium ... All actions seemed to me unfinished, incomplete, aimless, deprived connection with inner feelings or desires. Hundreds of bitter, obsessive memories swam over me at night ... My thoughts required less and less words, I had not cut my hair for months, I became distracted ... I was looking for peace and spiritual enrichment here, but now I clearly see that I find only disappointment and hopelessness.

Social isolation as such in an adult does not necessarily lead to social deprivation. The richer the inner, spiritual world of a person and the stronger he is in his life thoughts, tasks, ideas connected with the world, with culture, the more resistant and tolerant a person is to the emergence of a deprivation syndrome. The most striking example is ascetics - religious, political, who could sit in solitary confinement for years, maintaining good spirits, clarity of thought, or voluntarily become hermits.

Deprivation experience- this is an experience in which a person has previously been subjected to a diprivation situation, and will enter into each such situation with a slightly modified, more sensitive, or, conversely, more "hardened" mental structure.

With

Deprivation experience- this is an experience in which a person has previously been exposed to a deprivation situation, and will enter into each such situation with a slightly modified, more sensitive, or, conversely, more stable mental structure

social isolation in childhood is more severe. Manifestations of feelings are characterized, on the one hand, by pallor, and, on the other hand, by sharp, effective coloring. These children are characterized by explosions of emotions - from violent joy to anger. They do not have stable feelings associated with a deep experience of art, moral conflicts. In the communication of such children with others, importunity and an indefatigable need for love and attention are striking.

The analysis shows that the older the child, the more mild forms of social deprivation appear, and the faster and more successful compensation occurs in cases of pedagogical or psychological correction. However, it is almost never possible to eliminate the consequences of social deprivation at the level of some deep personality structures.

People who have experienced social deprivation in childhood continue to distrust all people, with the exception of members of their microgroup who have suffered the same thing. They are envious, overly critical of others, ungrateful, all the time waiting for a dirty trick from other people.

A serious problem is cultural deprivation. A child living in isolation from the culture of modern society does not have a need to live culturally, i.e. the need to acquire those values that are recognized by society. The low cultural level of manifestations makes it different from others, the rest of society does not accept it and ousts it up to isolation.

In every society there are children whose needs are not developed and are not satisfied in accordance with the given existing cultural models, although these children are also subject to identical requirements by society, and their behavior will be evaluated by identical norms.

Deprivation also occurs in certain situations that are not suitable for inclusion in any of the previous categories. Their characteristic features are emergency of the event suddenness of manifestation, wide social significance; dramatic flow and limited duration in time.

Basically, two categories of such emergencies can be distinguished:

caused by natural disasters;

brought about by social upheavals.

Emergency situations caused by natural disasters, major floods, fires, devastating tornadoes, catastrophic drought, etc. are relatively common on a global scale. They may be accompanied by evacuations or voluntary relocations of residents, temporary severance of family ties, starvation, exhaustion and other physical suffering.

Under such circumstances, the child can easily develop a temporary deficiency in emotional as well as sensory stimuli and insufficient satisfaction of basic mental needs. If such a state continues for a long time, and if the child is highly sensitive to deprivation, and if this child is at an age characterized by reduced resistance, then it can be assumed that the danger of deprivation is just as real here as in other situations.

Fortunately, emergencies in such events are usually short-lived, and the return to normal life provides an opportunity to balance the temporary lack of incentives for development.

Empirical evidence and research findings on children's psychological responses to natural disasters and their societal consequences are still scarce. Much more attention was paid to cases of the second category, namely social catastrophes, wars and revolutions. From this point of view, the Second World War (and not only it, but also the military events of today) was the most cruel natural experiment of grandiose proportions.

Of the children affected by the war, two groups were subjected to a special study:

children evacuated from endangered areas to safer places, mostly separated from their families;

refugee children and children from concentration camps.

In general, it can be argued that for children deprived of family life in concentration camps or refugee centers, their defeat is much deeper and more serious than that observed in evacuated children who nevertheless remained in contact with their families, and also - according to for the most part - in relatively good living conditions.

The consequences of "camp deprivation" often appear in the later years of development. The inability of these people to take on the responsibilities of an adult period, to justify themselves in love and marriage, to satisfy the mental needs of their own children at an acceptable level - all this sets the stage for the emotional deprivation of their own children. Personality disorders can thus be passed on from generation to generation.

The mental state that has arisen as a result of any deprivation is characterized by pronounced deviations in emotional and intellectual development, a violation of social contacts. It is the psychological side of these consequences that is essential: whether a person's motor skills are limited, whether he is excommunicated from culture or from society, deprived of maternal love from early childhood - the manifestations of deprivation are psychologically similar. Anxiety, depression, fear, intellectual disorders - these are the most characteristic features of the so-called deprivation syndrome. The symptoms of mental deprivation can cover the entire spectrum of possible disorders: from mild oddities that do not go beyond the normal emotional picture, to very gross lesions in the development of the intellect and personality.

Complete social isolation after 30 years. Hikikomori or voluntary self-isolation

Types

Species (by initiator)

see also

See what "Social Isolation" is in other dictionaries: