Examples of sentences with different types of communication. Coordinating and subordinating connection: types of sentences
In this article, we will look at what complex sentences with different types of connections are, examples of which will be given and analyzed. But to be clear, let's start from afar.
What is a complex sentence
In syntax, a sentence is a word united by a common meaning and connected with the help of the laws of grammar, having a common theme, purpose of expression and intonation. With the help of sentences, people communicate, share their thoughts, present any material. Thought can be expressed briefly, but it can be expanded. Accordingly, the proposals can be concise or widespread.
Each sentence has its "heart" - a grammatical basis, i.e. subject and predicate. This is the subject of speech and its main characteristic (what does it do, what is it, what is it?). If the grammatical basis in the sentence is one, it is a simple sentence, if there are two or more of them, then it is complex.
(JV) may include two parts, three, four and even more. Relations in meaning between them, as well as the means of their connection with each other, can be different. There are complex allied proposals and non-union ones. To learn about their diversity, read the next section.
What are joint ventures
We have already begun to talk about the fact that joint ventures can be allied or non-union. Everything is very simple. If the parts of the joint venture are connected by a union (or by intonation, then the connection between them is called allied, and if only by intonation, then, accordingly, unionless.
In turn, allied sentences are divided into coordinating and subordinating - depending on whether their parts are in an "equal" position or one depends on the other.
Spring will come soon. This is a simple suggestion. the world will sparkle with bright colors again. This sentence is complex, while its parts are connected by intonation and union " when". We can ask a question from the main predicative part to the subordinate clause ( the world will sparkle with bright colors when? - when spring comes), which means that Spring will come soon and nature will bloom. This sentence also has two parts, but they are united by intonation and a coordinating union and. You cannot form a question between parts, but you can easily divide this sentence into two simple ones. This sentence is a compound one. Spring will come soon, flowers will bloom, birds will fly, it will become warm. This joint venture consists of four simple parts, but all of them are united only by intonation, there are no unions on the borders of the parts. This means that it is unionless. To make complex sentences with different types of connection, it would be necessary to combine both allied and unionless relations in one sentence.
How many simple sentences can be in a complex one?
For a sentence to be considered complex, it must include at least two simple, two predicative parts. Complex sentences with different types of connection (we will see examples below) contain at least three parts, and sometimes there are about ten. But in this case, the proposal can be difficult to perceive. Such sentences combine allied and non-union communication, coordinating and subordinating in any combination.
He was surprised; a strange feeling filled his head and chest; the water ran with frightening speed, indomitably breaking through between the stones, and fell from a height with such force that it seemed that the mountain, along the slopes of which were full of mountain flowers, could not withstand this pressure ...
Here's a great example. Here are parts of complex sentences with different ones. In this sentence there are 5 predicative parts, between which all of the possible types of connection are presented. What are their features? Let's remember in more detail.
allied coordinating link
Complex allied sentences are compound (CSP) or complex (CSP).
The coordinative connection (CC) connects "equal" simple sentences. This means that it is impossible to form a question from one predicative part of a complex sentence to another, there is no dependence between them. Parts of the SSP can easily be made independent sentences, and the meaning of the phrase will not suffer from this and will not change.
Coordinating conjunctions are used to connect parts of such sentences. and, but, or etc. The sea was restless, and the waves crashed against the rocks with furious force..
allied subordination
With a subordinating relationship (PS), as its name implies, one part of the sentence "subordinates" the other, carries the main meaning, is the main one, while the second (subordinate) only supplements, specifies in something, you can ask a question about it from the main part. For subordinating communication, such unions and allied words are used as what, who, when, which, because, if etc.
But it is sad to think that youth was given to us in vain, that they cheated on her all the time, that she deceived us ...(A. Pushkin). This sentence has one main part and three subordinate clauses, dependent on it and answering the same questions: " But it's sad to think (about what?), which is in vain ..."
If you try to divide the NGN into separate simple ones, then in most cases it will be seen that the main part retains its meaning and can exist without clauses, but the clauses become incomplete in semantic content and are not full-fledged sentences.
Unionless connection
Another type of joint venture is unionless. A complex sentence with different types of connection most often combines a connection without unions with one of the allied types or with both types at once.
Parts of the BSP are connected only intonationally. But this type of joint venture is considered the most difficult in terms of punctuation. If in union sentences only one sign is placed between their parts - a comma, then in this case you need to make a choice of one of four punctuation marks: a comma, a semicolon, a dash or a colon. In this article, we will not go into the details of this difficult rule, since our task today is complex sentences with different types of connections, exercises in their grammatically correct compilation and punctuation.
The horses set off, the bell rang, the wagon flew(A.S. Pushkin). This sentence has three parts connected by intonation and separated by commas.
So, we briefly gave a description of each of the possible types of connection between the parts of the joint venture, and now we will return to the main topic of the article.
Algorithm for parsing a joint venture with different types of communication
How to correctly place signs in a joint venture with many parts and different types of connections? The most important thing is to determine how many parts it has and where exactly their boundaries pass. To do this, you need to find the grammatical foundations. How many of them - so many predicative parts. Next, we highlight all the minor members related to each of the bases, and thus it becomes clear where one part ends and another begins. After that, you need to determine what types of connections between the parts (look for the presence of unions or their absence, try to ask a question or try to make each of the parts a separate sentence).
And finally, it remains only to correctly punctuate, because without them it is very difficult to perceive complex sentences with different types of communication in writing (textbook exercises are precisely aimed at developing this skill).
How not to make a mistake in choosing punctuation marks?
Punctuation of a complex sentence with different types of connection
Once the predicative parts are isolated and the types of connection are established, everything becomes very clear. We place punctuation marks in accordance with the rule relating to a particular type of communication.
Coordinating (SS) and subordinating connection (PS) require a comma before the union. Other punctuation marks in this case are very rare (with a coordinative connection, a semicolon is possible if one of the parts is complicated and contains commas; a dash is possible if the parts are sharply contrasted or one of them contains an unexpected result).
With an allied connection, as mentioned above, there may be one of four punctuation marks, depending on what semantic relationships are between the parts of the sentence.
Drawing up schemes of complex sentences with different types of communication
This step can be done before punctuation, or after, to check their correctness. Schemes are used in punctuation to graphically explain the choice of a particular punctuation mark.
The scheme helps to write complex sentences with different types of communication without punctuation errors. Examples of punctuation and charting will be given right now.
[The day was beautiful, sunny, surprisingly calm]; [a cozy shadow approached from the left], and [it became difficult to understand], (where it ends, the shadow) and (where the emerald foliage of trees begins).
In this sentence, between the first and second parts, an allied connection is easily traced, between the second and third - a coordinating one, and the third part is the main one in relation to the next two subordinate parts and is connected to them by a subordinating connection. The scheme of this joint venture is as follows: [__ =,=,=]; [= __], and [=], (where = __) and (where = __). Schemes of complex sentences with different types of communication can be horizontal and vertical. We have given an example of a horizontal scheme.
Summing up
So, we found out what complex sentences with different types of connections are (their examples are very common in works of fiction and business communication). These are sentences containing more than two simple ones in their composition, and their parts are connected by different types of syntactic connection. SP with different types of communication may include NGN, SSP and BSP in various combinations. In order not to make mistakes in punctuation marks, it is necessary to designate simple sentences inside a complex one and determine the types of syntactic connection.
Be smart!
It may consist of two or more parts. Sentences consisting of three or more parts can be connected with the help of an allied (composing and subordinating) and non-union connection.
Let's analyze the examples:
The parts of this complex sentence are connected using the coordinating union but: , (to), but .
2. Grushnitsky stumbled, the branch he clung to broke, and he would have rolled down on his back if his seconds had not supported him (M. Lermontov).- Complex offer
consists of three parts:
1st part - Grushnitsky stumbled;
2nd part - the branch he was clinging to broke- a complex sentence with an attributive clause, which is located inside the main one;
3rd part - he would have rolled down on his back if his seconds had not supported him- a complex sentence with a subordinate clause.
Thus, the first and second parts are connected without a union, only with the help of intonation, the third part joins with the help of a coordinating union and:
, [, (for which...), ], and , (if).
There are four options for combinations of types of communication in complex sentences consisting of three or more parts.
1. Consolidation of educational material
Make possible combinations of types of connection in complex sentences with different types of connection:
1) coordinating and subordinating;
2)
3)
4)
To correctly understand the meaning of sentences consisting of several parts, and correctly punctuate, reason in the following sequence:
1) by meaning and intonation, highlight the semantic parts in the sentence, determine their syntactic role;
2) determine how the parts of the sentence are connected, separate them with appropriate signs;
3) analyze how each part is complicated (isolated sentence members, introductory, homogeneous sentence members), check the punctuation marks for them.
2. Analysis of educational material
Write down these suggestions. Analyze them in writing according to the model given in the paragraph. Sketch them out.
1. I always ran up to the tube first dog, she barked joyfully and hastily, as if she was trying to tell him something in her dog language ( F. Iskander). 2. The dog kennel looked like a toy house, which are in children's parks, and only the black circle of the entrance hole reminded of its true purpose ( F. Iskander). 3. Then the wind rushed into the room, so that the flame of the candles in the candelabra lay down, the heavy curtain on the window moved aside, the window opened, and the full moon opened in the distant height ( M. Bulgakov). 4. This garden looks very impressive: the site is covered with large light gray pebbles, and the plants are planted at a considerable distance from each other for a better view. 5. He paused again; and suddenly the general realized that he was seeing a transformed person in front of him: a hundred colorless eyes shone with energy, and he looked so much like a professor ( I. Akimov).
3. Restoration of offers
Restore the sentences by connecting individual sentences with the help of an allied and allied connection (unions are given in brackets). Write them down by placing punctuation marks .
1. Birches rustled near the fire. It seems that someone big is walking on dry leaves ( and) (Y. Kazakov). 2. They went out to the station square. The lanterns were on. Noisy city. The snow has already been removed. They both felt they needed to say goodbye now a, and) (Y. Kazakov). 3. He was seized with peace because the day was over. Such peace covers sometimes when you solve a problem that has long tormented you ( A. de Saint-Exupery). 4. The snow fell slowly and very importantly. Its flakes were so large that it seemed: light white flowers were flying from the sky to the city ( and) (V. Soloukhin). 5. Where they work, there is a lot. The lazy house is empty a) (Proverb)..6. Don't believe everything you hear. Don't want everything you see. Don't do everything you can Proverb ).
4. Mutual dictation
І. Work in pairs . Distribute in pairs who will dictate which mini-text. Read your text to yourself and dictate the texts to each other. Exchange notebooks and, without a textbook, check each other's dictations, correcting other people's mistakes with green infusion.
II. Check your textbook dictations. If there are errors, make corrections with red ink and explain the errors.
1. Yashka looked around: the sun was shining brightly, and the leaves of the bushes and willows were shining, the cobweb between the flowers was burning rainbow-colored, and the wagtail was sitting upstairs, on a log, shaking its tail and looking at Yashka with a shining eye, and everything was the same as always, everything breathed peace and silence, and a quiet morning stood above the earth ( Y. Kazakov).
2. He never laughs, but smiles like this: his teeth will show everything to one, and the skin on his cheeks is almost motionless, as if overstretched, and he is afraid that he will burst. The same thing happens when you get angry: your eyes shrink completely, squint, your lips turn white, you can see that you are dissatisfied with something, furious, and if you look closely, your face is almost the same as five minutes ago when you smiled ( A. Volos).
When combining two subordinating unions: what if, what when, so although, although if or with a combination of coordinating and subordinating unions: and when, and if, and where, but when etc. a comma is not placed between them if the second part of the union follows: then yes, but.
5. Punctuation work
Write down suggestions. Determine in which cases when combining unions between them it is necessary to put a comma, in which - no. Place commas where necessary.
1. The boy was afraid of the old man and when he occasionally appeared in their house he tried to stay away from an important visitor ( A. Varlamov). 2. Venya did not interrupt Rodya, but when he finished the story he looked at him with annoyance ( Y. Sotnik). 3. He did not notice how time passed, but when he looked at his watch he saw that it was already late ( V. Shefner). 4. In autumn, the beach was deserted and when we returned from school, I walked home through a deserted beach ( V. Shefner). 5. The girl turned pale from the coolness of the night, and when they left the garden, pushing the wet bluish leaves, she shuddered ( F. Iskander).
6. Transform sentences
I. Write sentences using punctuation marks.
II. Rearrange sentences by eliminating then in sentences where the word then is, and introducing it into those sentences where the word then missing and write it down. How will punctuation change when conjunctions are combined?
1. The car drove up to a stop and when it was already very close, the driver turned into the nearest lane. 2. I got up from the bed and if I hadn’t grabbed the nurse’s hand, I would have fallen. 3. We were in no hurry, but when it started to rain, we quickened our pace. 4. I slept for four hours and when I woke up it was already dark.
When combining unions and if, and when, and where, and while, and although, etc., a separating comma is not always placed before the union and. Check what connects the union and - homogeneous members of a sentence or parts of a complex sentence. To do this, mentally eliminate the sentence attached by the subordinating conjunction and.
7. Selective-distributor work
From exercises 5 and 6 write out sentences with a combination of conjunctions and if and when. First, write out the sentences in which the union and connects homogeneous members of a sentence, then sentences in which the union and connects the parts of a complex sentence.
8. Punctuation and spelling work
I. Read the sentences. Orally analyze how many parts are included in their composition. Describe each part. Specify how each part is complicated.
II. Write down suggestions. Set up punctuation marks. Explain the merged and separate spelling of words.
1. I tried to plant a donkey, but he became stubborn and when I hit him, he only moved his ears in bewilderment ( F. Iskander). 2. All this began to bother me, and when we moved on, I noticed in the facade of one of the houses a recess, something like a niche protected from the wind ( F. Iskander). 3. The beast fell in love with Nikita so much that when the boy left the beast sniffed anxiously air (N. Leskov). 4. The fallen, wet leaves lay in a dark flooring under the trees, and if you come close to them, it was as if a slight smell curled from them - whether the remnant of what was given during life or already the first smoldering ( A. Solzhenitsyn). 5. Dina played different games with Olya and Igor and it became noisy in the house because when there is one child in the house, then this is one thing, and when there is more than one, then this is already a bunch of small ( A. Rybakov).
III. Make proposals.
9. Text Recovery
I. Read the sentences. Restore the sequence of sentences in the text. Title it. Write down the sentences, punctuating them, explain their formulation.
II. Write a summary of the restored text.
1. I began to vaguely guess about the connection that exists between things and events.
2. But we had a real redhead and no one noticed Alik's redness.
3. And I also thought that if the sign with the designation had not been torn off from our doors the other day class maybe the doctor's wife hadn't come to see us and nothing would have happened.
4. Looking at Alik, I thought that if we didn’t have a real redhead in our class, he would pass for him because his hair is blond and the freckles that he hid were revealed during the injection.
(F. Iskander)
10. Homework
Write the text with punctuation marks. Indicate complex sentences consisting of several parts. Sketch them out.
Music... A great never-fading art. It surrounds man from ancient times to this day. Especially a lot of music sounds today in the age of players and karaoke, television and computers, when concerts are so available and almost everyone can learn to play any instrument.
Yes, it sounds like a lot. music very different music - ancient and modern so-called "classical" and "light" performed by professional artists and amateurs. how
figure out how to navigate in this boundless sound sea? How to learn to distinguish in the art of music the genuine from the fake, a meaningful piece of music from a fashionable but empty hit? How to feel the beauty of a serious work that at first may seem boring and uninteresting, but in fact is deep in figurative meaning and truly beautiful?
One advice is to try to know more about the art of music, its history, the peculiarities of the language, the laws by which a piece of music is built (of course, constantly listening to a lot of good serious music).
(M. Zilberquit)
Vocabulary:
Smash hit- popular song.
A.N. Rudyakov, T.Ya. Frolova. Russian language grade 9
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The parts of a complex sentence must be connected with each other using a coordinating or subordinating connection. Which connection is used in a complex sentence can be determined by the union and some other important details. So they distinguish (BSC) and complex sentences (CSP).
To begin with, it should be remembered that a complex sentence consists of two or more grammatical bases that have a single semantic meaning. How these stems interact with each other determines the type of sentence and the required punctuation.
For example, the sentence "I'll go for a walk" is simple, it has one grammatical basis. But if you add one more part to it (“I will go for a walk, but first I will do my homework”), then you get an MTP with two bases “I will go for a walk” and “I will do my homework”, where “but” acts as a coordinating union.
What is a writing connection? This is the interaction of two or more parts that are equal and independent of each other. Coordinating sentences are defined in two simple ways.
Necessary:
- Asking a question from one grammatical basis to another is usually impossible in SSP: “It was a cool morning, but I went for a bike ride.”
- Try to divide the SSP into two separate sentences without losing the meaning: “The sun disappeared behind the hill, and the heads of the sunflowers drooped sadly” - “The sun went down” and “The heads of the sunflowers drooped sadly.” The meaning is not lost, while one sentence turned into two separate ones.
Vivid examples can be found in Russian folklore: “The hair is long, but the mind is short”, “The woman is dancing, and the grandfather is crying”, “The woman is with a cart, but the mare is easier”, they are also found in descriptions of nature and reflection texts.
Parts of the SSP are usually connected by unions of the same name, which are divided into types: connecting (and, also, etc.), separating (or, or, not that ... not that, etc.) and adversarial (but, but, but, etc.).
It is important to know! A coordinative connection can be used not only to connect simple sentences as part of a complex one, but also to connect homogeneous members, participial or adverbial phrases.
subordination
If two or more grammatical bases are used, while they are not equal, but depend on each other in some order, then this is a complex sentence with.
NGN necessarily has a main part and a subordinate one, and from the first to the second one can ask a defining question.
For example, "Vasya went out for a walk because his mother started a general cleaning." The main part “Vasya went out for a walk”, from which we ask the question “why did he do this?” and in the subordinate part the answer is “because mom started a general cleaning.”
A secondary or subordinate part can act as a circumstance, definition or addition.
You can define this type of interaction:
- By asking a question from the main clause to the subordinate clause.
- Highlighting the grammatical foundations and identifying the main one.
- Determine the type of union.
In writing, such a relationship of parts is distinguished by punctuation marks, and in oral speech - by an intonational pause.
Types of subordination
In order to correctly parse the sentence into parts and determine the types of subordination, it is necessary to correctly determine the main part and ask a question from it to the subordinate clause.
An adjective can be of several types:
- The determinant answers the questions: which one? which? whose?
- The indicative answers the questions of indirect cases, i.e. everything except the nominative.
- The circumstantial answers the questions: where? where? why? where? why? when? as?
Since the group of adverbial clauses is very voluminous, there are more subgroups among them. The question also helps to determine the type.
The adverbial clause is of the following types:
- time (when? how long?);
- places (where? where? from where?);
- reasons (why?);
- goals (for what? for what purpose?);
- mode of action and degree (how? to what extent? to what extent?);
- comparisons (how?);
- consequences (what follows from this?);
- conditions (under what condition?);
- concessions (against what?).
Important! The type of subordinate clause is determined precisely by the question, and not by the type of subordinating union or allied word. So, for example, the allied word "where" can be used not only in adverbial clauses of the place, but also in the attributive clause: "I'm in a hurry to that house (what?) where I used to live."
Communication types in NGN
Since such a sentence often contains several subordinate clauses at once, it should also define subordinate relations:
- Consistent submission. Each clause refers to a word from the preceding clause ("I was humming a song I heard yesterday when we were walking in the park").
- Homogeneous submission. The structure resembles homogeneous members of a sentence. The subordinate parts answer one question and refer to the same word in the main clause, while the subordinating conjunctions can be different (“After what happened, I did not understand how to live and what to do next, how to forget everything and start life anew”). Punctuation marks follow the same rule as punctuation with homogeneous members of a sentence.
- parallel submission. The subordinate clauses refer to the same main clause, but answer different questions: "I was bored there, despite the crowd of people, because no one was interesting to me there."
Important! There may be proposals with combined submission.
Subtleties of punctuation
It is equally important to know what punctuation marks should be put in the SSP and SPP, because the parts are necessarily connected by a union - a service part of speech that does not decline, does not conjugate and connects homogeneous members or simple sentences as part of a complex one. It is the union that helps to understand what type of connection is used in the sentence.
The coordinating and subordinating connection in sentences involves the use of unions of the same name. Moreover, any of them is necessarily distinguished by a comma on paper, and when reading - by an intonational pause.
Subordinating conjunctions include: what, how, to, barely, only, when, where, from where, so much, to what extent, as if, as if, because, if, despite that, although etc.
The coordinative connection in a sentence and a phrase determines the use of conjunctions: and, yes, not only, also, but also, also, like ..., and, or, either, then, but, however, also, also, that is, etc.
But sentences can also be unionless, in which case its parts are separated not only by a comma (“The sun has risen, the roosters habitually sang morning songs”), but also by other punctuation marks:
- colon: “I told you: you can’t be late!”
- semicolon: “The stars lit up in the sky, filling the night with light; sensing the night, a wolf howled in the distance on a high hill; a night bird screamed in a tree nearby.
- dash: "It's pouring down the street like a bucket - it's impossible to go out for a walk."
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Summing up
The presence of complex sentences makes written and oral speech bright and expressive. They can often be found in fiction and journalistic articles. The presence of complex structures allows a person to correctly and consistently express his thoughts, as well as show his level of literacy. Punctuation errors, on the contrary, testify to low speech culture and illiteracy.
Complex sentences with different types of connection- This complex sentences , which consist of at least of three simple sentences , interconnected by a coordinating, subordinating and non-union connection.
To understand the meaning of such complex structures, it is important to understand how the simple sentences included in them are grouped together.
Often complex sentences with different types of connection are divided into two or more parts (blocks), connected with the help of coordinating unions or union-free; and each part in structure is either a complex sentence or a simple one.
For example:
1) [Sad I]: [No friend with me], (with whom I would wash down a long parting), (to whom I could shake hands from the heart and wish many merry years)(A. Pushkin).
This is a complex sentence with different types of communication: non-union and subordinating, consists of two parts (blocks) connected asylum-free; the second part reveals the reason for what is said in the first; The first part of the structure is a simple sentence; Part II is a complex sentence with two subordinate clauses, with homogeneous subordination.
2) [lane was all in the gardens], and [the fences grew lindens throwing now, by the moon, a wide shadow], (so that fences and gates on one side completely drowned in darkness)(A. Chekhov).
This is a complex sentence with different types of communication: coordinating and subordinating, consists of two parts connected by a coordinating connecting union and, the relations between the parts are enumerative; The first part of the structure is a simple sentence; Part II - a complex sentence with a subordinate clause; the subordinate clause depends on everything main, joins it with a union so.
In a complex sentence, there may be sentences with various types of allied and allied connection.
These include:
1) composition and submission.
For example: The sun set, and night followed day without interval, as is usually the case in the south.(Lermontov).
(And - a coordinating union, as - a subordinating union.)
Schematic of this offer:
2) composition and non-union connection.
For example: The sun had long since set, but the forest had not yet had time to subside: the doves murmured near, the cuckoo cuckooed in the distance.(Bunin).
(But - a coordinating conjunction.)
Schematic of this offer:
3) subordination and non-union communication.
For example: When he awoke, the sun was already rising; the barrow obscured him(Chekhov).
(When - subordinating union.)
Schematic of this offer:
4) composition, subordination and non-union connection.
For example: The garden was spacious and grew only oaks; they had only recently begun to blossom, so that now through the young leaves one could see the whole garden with its stage, tables and swings.
(And is a coordinating conjunction, so a subordinating conjunction.)
Schematic of this offer:
In complex sentences with a coordinating and subordinating connection, coordinating and subordinating unions may be nearby.
For example: The weather was fine all day, but when we sailed to Odessa, it began to rain heavily.
(But - a coordinating union, when - a subordinating union.)
Schematic of this offer:
Punctuation marks in sentences with different types of connection
In order to correctly punctuate complex sentences with different types of connection, it is necessary to single out simple sentences, determine the type of connection between them and select the appropriate punctuation mark.
As a rule, a comma is placed between simple sentences as part of a complex one with different types of connection.
For example: [In the morning, in the sun, the trees were covered with luxurious hoarfrost] , and [this went on for two hours] , [then the frost disappears] , [sun closed] , and [the day passed quietly, thoughtfully , with a drop in the middle of the day and anomalous lunar twilight in the evening].
Sometimes two, three or more simple suggestions most closely related to each other in meaning and can be separated from other parts of a complex sentence semicolon . Most often, a semicolon occurs in place of an allied connection.
For example: (When he woke up) [the sun was already rising] ; [the barrow obscured him].(The proposal is complex, with different types of connection: with allied and allied connection.)
In the place of an allied bond between simple sentences in complex possible also comma , dash and colon , which are placed according to the rules for punctuation in a non-union complex sentence.
For example: [The sun has long since set] , but[the forest hasn't died down yet] : [doves murmured near] , [Cuckoo calls in the distance]. (The proposal is complex, with different types of connection: with allied and allied connection.)
[Leo Tolstoy saw a broken burdock] – and [lightning flashes] : [there was an idea for an amazing story about Hadji Murad](Paust.). (The sentence is complex, with different types of connection: coordinative and non-union.)
In complex syntactic constructions that break up into large logical-syntactic blocks, which themselves are complex sentences or in which one of the blocks turns out to be a complex sentence, punctuation marks are placed at the junction of the blocks indicating the relationship of the blocks, while maintaining the internal signs placed on their own. own syntactic basis.
For example: [Bushes, trees, even stumps are so familiar to me here], (that wild clearing has become like a garden to me) : [every bush, every pine, fir-tree caressed], and [they all became mine], and [it's like I planted them], [this is my own garden](Prishv.) - at the junction of blocks there is a colon; [Yesterday a woodcock stuck its nose into this foliage] (to get a worm out from under it) ; [at this time we approached], and [he was forced to take off without throwing off the worn layer of old aspen leaves from his beak](Shv.) - at the junction of blocks there is a semicolon.
Particularly difficult is punctuation at the junction of the writing and subordinating unions (or a coordinating union and an allied word). Their punctuation is subject to the laws of the design of sentences with a coordinating, subordinating and non-union connection. However, at the same time, proposals in which several unions are nearby stand out and require special attention.
In such cases, a comma is placed between unions if the second part of the double union does not follow. then yes, but(in this case, the subordinate clause can be omitted). In other cases, a comma is not placed between the two unions.
For example: Winter was coming and , when the first frosts hit, it became hard to live in the forest. - Winter was approaching, and when the first frosts hit, it became hard to live in the forest.
You can call me but , If you don't call today, we'll leave tomorrow. You can call me, but if you don't call today, we'll leave tomorrow.
I think that , if you try hard, you will succeed. “I think that if you try hard, you will succeed.
Syntactic analysis of a complex sentence with different types of connection
Scheme for parsing a complex sentence with different types of communication
1. Determine the type of sentence according to the purpose of the statement (narrative, interrogative, incentive).
2. Indicate the type of sentence by emotional coloring (exclamatory or non-exclamatory).
3. Determine (by grammatical foundations) the number of simple sentences, find their boundaries.
4. Determine the semantic parts (blocks) and the type of connection between them (union-free or coordinative).
5. Give a description of each part (block) in terms of structure (simple or complex sentence).
6. Draw up a proposal scheme.
A SAMPLE OF ANALYZING A COMPLEX OFFER WITH DIFFERENT TYPES OF CONNECTION
[Suddenly a thick fog], [as if separated by a wall is he me from the rest of the world], and, (so as not to get lost), [ I I decided
The syntactic analysis of the sentence should begin with a thorough study of the theoretical material on this topic. This is the main component of a positive result. The most voluminous in terms of practical skills will be the analysis of a complex sentence, for example, with different types of communication.
First of all, it is necessary to characterize the entire syntactic model as a whole, and then each part individually. For clarity, we will analyze a compound sentence with various types of communication.
Anguish suddenly overwhelmed me, as if it wanted to finish me off completely, and in order not to succumb to despondency, I plunged into work, which, it seemed to me, was supposed to distract me.
- We build a scheme and bring that we are dealing with complex sentence with different types of connection:
[Melancholy suddenly piled up] 1, [as if she wanted to finish me off completely] 2, and, (in order not to succumb to despondency) 3, [I plunged into work] 4, (which, as it seemed to me, should have distracted me) 5.
We argue: 5 grammatical foundations, i.e. 5 simple ones make one complex one. We conditionally divide them into 2 segments: 1 and 2 simple sentences (BSP) + 3, 4 and 5 (SPP with two subordinate clauses), the connection between which is carried out by the conjunction and. Thus, we observe a non-union subordinating and coordinating (main) connection between the parts of a complex sentence.
│ 1, 2 │, and, │(to…) 3, [n.] 4, (which) 5.
- Let's give a description of the whole proposal. We are dealing with narrative, complex, with different types of connections. In terms of emotional coloring - non-exclamatory.
The first block, consisting of two simple sentences (BSP), is not complex in characterization, so we will pay more attention to the second block - SNP with two subordinate clauses.
In this SPP, we see a clear example of parallel subordination, because both subordinate clauses refer to more than one word of the main part and answer different questions. in order not to succumb to despondency, the subordinate goal (dipped into the work for what purpose?), It refers to the whole sentence and is introduced by the subordinating union “to”; ... which, it seemed to me, should have distracted me - the attributive clause (what kind of work?), Corresponds with the noun “work” in the main part of the sentence and joins with the help of the allied word “which”.
- And now we give a description of each simple, which is part of our complex.
Tosca suddenly hit...
... as if she wanted to finish me off completely ... Narrative, non-exclamatory, simple, two-part, common, complete, uncomplicated.
... to not give in to discouragement ... Narrative, non-exclamatory, simple, one-part (impersonal), non-spread, incomplete, uncomplicated.
… I plunged into work… Narrative, non-exclamatory, simple, two-part, common, complete, uncomplicated.
... which, as it seemed to me, should have distracted me ... Narrative, non-exclamatory, simple, two-part, common, complete, complicated by an introductory phrase.
Thus, the analysis of the complex sentence is completed in full. According to this principle, analysis of the compound should also be performed. Once again, we draw your attention to the fact that you need to know the theoretical part thoroughly, since the analysis of the complex is closely intertwined with the characteristics of the simple.
We are convinced that the above analysis of the sentence will help in working on similar syntactic constructions.
Good luck in mastering the basics of Russian syntax.
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