Possessive adjective. Possessive adjectives in Russian and English

>>Russian language: Case forms of possessive adjectives

CASE FORMS OF POSSESSIVE ADJECTS

Theory A

Possessive adjectives are formed from nouns using suffixes -ov- (ev): brother -> brothers, Andrey -> Andreev, -in- (-yn-): sister -> sisters, fox -> fox; th: fox -> fox.

Practice A

1. Form given nouns adjectives with a suffix -in-. What spelling are you talking about?

Goose, quail, falcon, hawk, beast, crane, swan, nightingale, bumblebee, sparrow, mouse, bee, duck, snake, chicken, about. fox.

2. According to the given lexical meanings, determine phraseological units. Specify the category of adjectives in them.

1. Hanging, threatening danger. 2. A very skillful, capable person in his field. 3. Hypocritical, feigned compassion, insincere regret. 4. The most vulnerable place, the weak side. 5. What actually turns out to be unstable, easily destroyed. 6. Something outdated, obsolete, having no practical application. 7. Free, secure life. 8. Allegorical expression of thoughts.

Reference: Aesopian language, golden hands, sword of Damocles, crocodile tears, soap bubble, museum rarity, Achilles' heel, milky rivers and jelly banks.

Theory B
note into case forms of possessive adjectives with suffixes -ov(s) and -in (un).

note on case endings of possessive adjectives with a suffix -th.

Remember, which in all forms of adjectives with a suffix -th(s) written before ending b, except for the masculine, singular, nominative and accusative forms: hunting, hunting, hunting, but hunting.

Adjectives with suffixes - in (-yn) and -ov (ev), formed from proper names are capitalized: Natasha's book - Natasha's book, Oleg's friends - Oleg's friends.

Practice B

3. Work in pairs. One consistently names cases and questions to them, the other answers by inflecting phrases.

Father's jacket, grandmother's glasses.

4. Continue the sentences by putting phrases bear den, wolf den, hare trail in the correct grammatical form. Mark the endings and suffixes of possessive adjectives.

Remember that adjectives on -th masculine in oblique cases, feminine and neuter in all cases have the suffix -th-: fox - fox [ya](suffix -th- and ending -a are marked on the letter I).

In front of me....
I stopped near...
I approached...
I am looking at... .
I am next to... .
I am reminiscing about...

5. Put the words in brackets in the correct grammatical form.

1. Ivan Tsarevich went to bed, and the frog jumped onto the porch, threw off its (frog) skin and turned into Vasilisa the Wise. 2. The old man (fox) marveled at the tricks. 3. Ivan Tsarevich went to the (Koschei) white-stone chambers. 4. "Who's running there?" - asks the fox, listening to the (dog) barking. 5. The fox settled in the (hare) hut, and drove the bunny out. 6. The wolf (ram) tore off the skin and is waiting for Kotofey Ivanovich.
(From Russian fairy tales)

6. Indicate the category of adjectives by value. Choose synonyms for quality adjectives.

Remember that possessive adjectives can turn into relative and qualitative ones: fox trail, i.e. fox footprint(possessive) fox hat, i.e. fox skin hat(relative), fox cunning - like a fox(quality).

Wolf pack, wolf appetite, wolf lair. Hare trace, hare character, hare brood. Goose feather, goose feeder, goose walk. Bear lair, bear skin, bear service.

7. Make a morphological analysis of the selected adjectives according to the given analysis scheme and according to the sample.
IVANOV HONEY
I went to Ivan Petrov for bread and honey.

I take Ivanova honey. What smells? Blooming meadow: mint, oregano, St. John's wort, wild strawberries, wild rosemary, fake color ... And in the honey bouquet there are as many shades, halftones, flavors, breaths, as many herbs on the Lovatskaya floodplain, as many flowers in the meadows. My grandparents knew what herbs grow in the meadows, what diseases they treat.

Ivan's honey, which absorbed all the nectar, all the sweetness, all the aromas of forests and meadows, was dark, thick, viscous - I have not eaten such honey.

(According to G. Goryshin)

Morphological analysis of the adjective
I. Part of speech. General value.
II. Morphological features.
1. Initial form (nominative singular).
2. Permanent signs: qualitative, relative or possessive.
3. Non-permanent signs: 1) for qualitative ones: degree of comparison, short and long form; 2) for all adjectives: case, number, gender(in the singular).
III. syntactic role.

S ampling.

N.F.Balandina, K.V. Degtyareva, S.A. Lebedenko. Russian language grade 6
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In this lesson, we will talk about adjectives that every time someone needs, belongs to someone - in a word, they are always someone's.

Consider the following examples: grandmother's scarf, grandfather's gun, fox trail.

Adjectives grandmother's, grandfather's, fox jokingly called adjectives - "owners". They indicate that an object belongs to someone. Grandma's scarf This is a handkerchief that belonged to my grandmother. grandfather's gun This is the gun that belonged to my grandfather. fox trail is a footprint belonging to a fox.

In the science of language, such adjectives - sole "owners" - are called possessive. Possessive adjectives indicate that something belongs to a certain person ( grandfather's house, uncle's council, fishing village) or animal ( bear den, wolf howl, deer antlers). They answer the questions: WHOSE? WHOSE? WHOSE? WHOSE?

Possessive adjectives are easy to recognize by their suffixes. Allocate possessive adjectives with suffixes -IN-, -YN- ( grandmother's scarf, sister's cloak), with suffixes -OB-, -EB- ( father's hat, son-in-law's coat), with the suffix -II- ( fox trail, hare tail).

Possessive adjectives differ from quality adjectives in that they do not have a short form, do not form degrees of comparison, do not combine with the adverb VERY, you cannot pick up antonyms for them. In this way they are relative.

Possessive adjectives are different from relative ones. If relative adjectives are most often made from something, then possessive ones are someone's, belonging to someone.

Possessive adjectives in Russian have become the basis for the formation of many surnames. As you know, most Russian surnames come from nicknames. These nicknames were possessive adjectives. For example, Nicholas had a son named Ivan. They said about him: "Vanya, Nikolaev's son." Over time, the nickname Nikolaev, like the nicknames Petrov, Danilov, was assigned not only to his son, but also to his grandson. This is how Russian surnames were formed, which for the most part are possessive adjectives that have passed into the category of nouns.

Possessive adjectives - inventive people. Sometimes they get tired of being possessive, then they change their place of residence and move into the category of qualitative or relative.

In the phrase Bear Den a possessive adjective is used, which indicates whose den it is, what animal it belongs to. And in the phrase disservice adjective bearish has moved into the category of quality ones, since it no longer means a service belonging to a bear, but help, from which it only got worse.

The possessive adjective is used in the phrase cat tail. It means the tail belonging to the cat. In the phrase cat's food possessiveadjective feline used in a relative sense, as it denotes food that does not belong to cats, but only intended for them.

Bibliography

1. Russian language. Grade 6 / Baranov M.T. and others - M .: Education, 2008.
2. Babaitseva V.V., Chesnokova L.D. Russian language. Theory. 5-9 cells - M.: Bustard, 2008.
3. Russian language. 6 cells / Ed. MM. Razumovskaya, P.A. Lekanta. - M.: Bustard, 2010.

1. Discharges of adjectives ().
2. About possessive adjectives ().

Homework

Task number 1

Write down phrases that include possessive adjectives.

Tin soldier, pewter eyes, cold day, long train, brave deed, kind person, stupid question, heart muscles, cordial hello, stone house, stone face, short dress, fat boy, blue scarf, Moscow metro, children's literature, double chin , woolen suit, lead bullet, lead clouds, city park, heavy briefcase, heavy industry, deaf old man, deaf consonant, grandfather's office, Machine work, tit nest, goose paw, doghouse, wolf's mouth, wolf coat, wolf's appetite, deer horns, marines, dog cold, katyushin bicycle, grinder, snake venom, snake smile, vegetable oil, lean face, mouse tail, neighbor's garden, grandiose plans, observant person, tragic fate, wooden voice, chicken paw, chicken soup, squirrel collar, iron will, grandfather's words, bird's hubbub, hare's hat, December frosts, school uniform, Serezhin's briefcase, Barents Sea, Bering Strait.

Task number 2

Write down 5-6 sentences, including adjectives in them, which have changed from possessive to qualitative or relative.

Actually possessive are

short adjectives with suffixes -in, -yn, -nin,

Oe and -ev, indicating the ownership of the subject

to any one person, and in some cases

animal, for example: grandmother's scarf, sister

scarf, husband's passport, cat's house, fathers order,

locksmith's file. Such forms in modern Russian

in the language of little use, are formed mainly

nom from a few nouns denoting from-

bearing kinship and personal names.

The meaning of belonging in Russian is more often

is expressed in the genitive case of a noun

go: the book of a student, the order of the father, etc., capable of

to express not only the individual, but also the collective

item accessory: fisherman's tackle - tackle

fishermen, etc.

Adjectives with suffixes -ov, -ev and partly with

Ying, -nin in the nominative-accusative cases

are taken as nouns (fathers' house, father's house,

father's house, father's house), in the creative and suggestive

nom cases have the endings of full adjectives

(father's house, about father's house). in the feminine

noun endings are used in the name

accusative and singular and plural

feminine number (fathers-a hut, fathers-a hut, from-

tsov-s izba), in the rest - the end of the full appendix

gates: fathers' hut, fathers' huts; father's hut;

father's huts, etc.

Adjectives with the suffix -/"- (-uj) like wolf,

wolf, wolf can indicate belonging not

only individual, but also general: wolf paw, wolf-

whose lair. Such adjectives are freely used

are expressed in the sense of relative and qualitative. Wed,

for example: fox hole - possessive, fox shu-

ba - relative (from fox fur), fox habits -

quality (tricky). In indirect cases, possessive

adjectives with the suffix -/- have endings

of the soft declension type of adjectives: fox,

fox, fox, etc.

§ 75. Transition of adjectives to other parts of speech

The transition of adjectives to other parts of speech is connected

with the loss of the value of the sign of the subject.

Acquiring a substantive meaning, the names are attached

nouns pass into the class of nouns - sub-

are stantiated. Some adjectives ending

effectively turned into nouns (universe, maid

naya, living room, orderly, comma, pantry, forest

whose, embankment, pavement, tailor, dowry,

strong). Others may be used as an adjunct

nouns, then as nouns; cf., for example: Ma-

sha did not pay attention to the young Frenchman (P.) -

Everyone looked at the young man. (Veres.)

Separate adjectives (whole, famous,

real, similar) acquire the meaning of an indication

verbal words and turn into pronouns. For example-

measures: And it is not in vain that our people sing songs about the birch tree, -

You will go around the whole world, but you will not find such beauty.

§ 76. Spelling of suffixes

have adjectives

1. The suffix -iv- is used under stress: right-

marvelous, playful (exception: gracious, juro-

marvelous), suffix -ev- - in unstressed position: sire-

new, willy.

2. In the suffixes -liv-, -chiv- it is always written and: cares-

lively, persevering.

3. Suffixes -ovat-, -ovit- are used if

the producing stem ends in a firm agreement

ny (except hissing and c): angular, gifted;

suffixes -evat; -evit- - after the basics on soft co-

vowel, hissing and c: acne, glossy, rye

4. The suffix -insk- is written for adjectives, forming

called from nouns into -а(-я).-и(-ы): Yalta-

Yalta, Yelnya - Yelninsky, Khimki - Khimkin-

sky, Tabory - Taborinsky. Exception: pen-

zensky. Presnensky.

5. The suffix -onk- is written after the producers

bases on g, k. x: light, tall, quiet

("The forms poor, soft, le-

genky). In other cases, it is written -enk-

(beautiful, young).

6. In the suffixes -enn- and -onn- two n are written: art-

stvenny. straw, information. Exception-

meaning: windy (but: windless, lee-

7. Suffixes -in-, -an-, -yan- are written with one -n-

(nightingale, sandy, linen). Exception-

niye: glass, tin, wooden.

The adjective oily is formed from the noun

body oil and is used in the meaning

on oil" (oil paints, oil stain, oil-

switch). Adjective oily

vano from the verb to oil and is used in the meaning

"coated, impregnated, oiled" (ma-

salty pancakes, oily porridge), as well as in a figurative

meaning (oily smile).

The suffix -yan- is also written in adjectives with

root -wind- in phrases: windmill,

wind turbine, chickenpox.

8. Before the suffix -sk-, final consonants

leading bases d, t, s are preserved: Leningrad,

fraternal, French. After stems on k, h, c suffix

Sk- is simplified into -k; and consonants k, h alternate with c:

Cossack, weaving, valiant (but: Uzbek, Uglich-

sky and some others).

9. Adjectives from generating bases on l

before the suffix -sk- a soft sign is written (kopyl-

sky, tula), and with the base on n, r is lost

(Kazan, knightly). The soft sign is preserved

adjectives formed from the names of months with

based on н, ръ (June, October, but: January-

sky) and in day-to-day terms.

10. Adjectives from Russian geographical names

ranks with a basis on sk are formed without a suffix

(Minsk, Svetlogorsk), and formed from a foreign language

ny names in sk lose the first k (Damascus,

Etruscan, exception: Basque).

Adjective parsing scheme

1. Initial form (I. p. units).

2. Rank by value.

3. Full or short, the degree of comparison (for quality).

4. What noun is combined with.

5. Gender, number, case; syntactic role in a sentence.

Sample parsing

The blue flowers of the field have faded. (Sofr.) The sky has become more spacious

and above, the evenings are both quiet and bright. (Silver)

Blue - adjective, blue, quality, full,

combined with the noun flowers, masculine, plural

number, nominative case; agreed definition.

Field - adjective, field, relative, combines-

Xia with the noun flowers, masculine, plural,

nominative; agreed definition.

Spacious, higher - adjectives, spacious, high

some, in the form of a simple comparative degree, are combined with the essence

telny sky, do not change; nominal part of the predicate.

Quiet, bright - adjectives, quiet, bright, quality

nouns, in short form, combined with the noun of the evening,

masculine, plural, nominative; nominal

part of the predicate.

Questions and tasks for self-control

1. What are the main features of the adjective as a part

2. List the ranks of adjective names by value, ob-

Explain the characteristics of each category.

3. What is the difference between full and short forms of quality names

adjectives?

4. What do the comparative and superlative degrees express

quality adjectives and how are they formed?

5. How do qualitative and relative names of attachments decline?

nouns and what are the features of the declension of possessive adjectives

6. Give examples of the transition of adjectives to su-

nouns and pronouns and examples of the transition of participles into participles

adjectives.

7. Which adjective suffixes are written with -n- and which with -nn-7

8. Check how you learned the spelling rules of the adjective

nyh with suffixes -sk- and -k:

Numeral

You probably already remember that adjectives are divided into quality(indicate the quality of the item), relative(denoting a sign of an object in relation to another object) and possessive. We will talk about possessive adjectives in more detail.

These adjectives, unlike qualitative and relative ones, do not answer the question what?, but the question whose? They're called possessive because their main purpose is indicate belonging to a person, animal or animate being. Therefore, they are formed only from the names of animals, persons and other animated beings. For example, mutton, fox, Anin, mother's, foremen, grandfather etc. Grammatically, possessive adjectives closer to relative because they have no degrees of comparison(can not be this item is mother's, and that one is even more mother's), short forms they do not form adverbs and abstract nouns etc. However, they have their own characteristics: special suffixes and a special system of declensions.

We will not consider the declension system here, we will focus only on word formation.

Possessive adjectives are formed, as mentioned above, from the names of animals, persons and other animated beings using suffixes -ov (-ev), -in (-yn), -y.

Fathers house, elders staff, nanny's scarf, sister's mandate, fox tail.

It should also be noted here that these adjectives have null ending. Try not to confuse, for example, adjectives like blue and wolf.

Blue - a qualitative adjective, non-derivative (not formed from anything), without suffixes, the ending th.

wolf - possessive adjective, derivative (derived from the noun wolf with a suffix -th ), null ending.

Pairs of adjectives such as worker and carpenter, red and bear, distant and shark. Working, red and distant have the endingth, a carpenter, bear and shark have null ending and suffixth, because they are possessive and derivative.

Therefore, you should be careful when parsing adjectives by composition and take into account the category of the adjective by meaning.

Now let's move on to traps which adjectives are preparing for us. Although there is a rather sharp boundary between the categories of ad nouns both grammatically and lexically, but it happens that some possessive adjectives disguised under qualitative and even relative, and relative under qualitative. Generally, many adjectives want to go into the category of quality ones. How does this happen and how not to get confused when determining the discharge?

Remember that the rank of an adjective by value can only be accurately determined in context, i.e. in a phrase or in a sentence.

For example, cherry compote - cherry compote. Having made the transformation, we understand what is in front of us relative adjectivenoe, because denotes what the compote is made of. But in the phrase cherry suit adjective cherry no longer means that the suit is made of cherries, it means the color of the suit, and color is a quality characteristic, i.e. in this context, the adjective becomes quality.

Let's take a few more examples.

Iron constructor- iron constructor relative adjective)
Iron will- strong will quality adjective)
iron health- good health ( quality adjective)

steel knife- steel knife relative adjective)
Steel color dress (quality adjective)
steel look- unfriendly, cold, hard ( quality adjective)

Bear hair- wool that belongs to a bear ( possessive adjective)
Bear coat at the hostess- fur coat from a bear ( relative adjective)
bear walk- clumsy, awkward, sprawling ( quality adjective)

Fox muzzle- a muzzle that belongs to a fox ( possessive adjective)
fox hat- fox hat relative adjective)
fox cunning- highly developed cunning ( quality adjective)

Thus, we see that the same adjective can take on different meanings. However grammatical characteristics remain unchanged.: neither possessive nor relative adjectives will acquire degrees of comparison, short forms and other distinctive features of quality adjectives.

Let's summarize.

To determine the rank of an adjective, you need:

1) Look, the adjective is used in direct or figurative meaning. If the value is portable, it is quality adjective.

2) If the value is direct, ask two questions: which? whose? If this adjective refers to affiliation, in front of us possessive adjective.

3) Try to substitute adverb of measure and degree (very) or create degrees of comparison. If it worked - adjective quality.

4) try convert combination with an adjective into a prepositional case phrase. Happened - relative adjective.

And remember that the main thing is still lexical meaning, not grammar. Grammar just helps us.

Good luck in learning Russian and excellent grades!

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In a sentence, the adjective is most often a definition, but it can also be a predicate. Has the same case as the noun it refers to.

Classes of adjectives[ | ]

Discharge is the only constant morphological feature of this part of speech. There are three discharge adjectives: qualitative, relative and possessive.

Quality adjectives[ | ]

Denote a feature that can be to a greater or lesser extent.

As a rule, they have the following signs:

• combined with the adverbs "very" (and its synonyms) and "too" ( very big, too beautiful, extremely smart).
• from quality adjectives it is possible to form
  • compound adjective by repetition ( delicious-delicious, big big).
  • one-root adjective with a prefix not- (not stupid, ugly).
• have an antonym ( stupid - smart), and sometimes a hypernym ( big - huge)

Some quality adjectives do not satisfy all of the above criteria.

Most quality adjectives, and only they, have two forms: full ( clever, tasty) and short ( smart, delicious). The full form changes according to numbers, genders and cases. Short form - only by gender and number. In a sentence, the short form is used as a predicate, and the full form is usually used as a definition. Some quality adjectives do not have a short form ( friendly, amiable) . Others, on the contrary, do not have a full form ( glad, much, must, need)

Possessive adjectives[ | ]

Denote the belonging of an object to a living being or person ( paternal, sisters, fox). They answer the question "whose?", "whose?". Possessive adjectives can become relative or qualitative: hare (possessive) hair, hare (qualitative) soul, hare (relative) trace.

General information [ | ]

The boundaries of the lexical and grammatical categories of adjectives are mobile. So, possessive and relative adjectives can acquire a qualitative meaning: dog tail(possessive) dog pack(relative), dog life(quality).

Declension of adjectives[ | ]

Adjectives are declined according to cases and change according to numbers, in the singular they also change according to gender. The exceptions are short adjectives and comparative adjectives: they are not declined. In addition, there are a number of indeclinable adjectives: Komi people, khaki, gross weight.

The gender, case and number of the inflected adjective depend on the respective characteristics of the noun with which it agrees. Indeclinable adjectives usually appear after the noun, and their gender, number, and case are determined syntactically by the characteristics of the corresponding noun: jackets beige.

• solid: red th, red wow, red omu
• soft: syn uy, sin his, sin him
• mixed: big oh, large wow, large them.

Formation of adjectives[ | ]

Adjectives are most often formed in a suffix way: swamp - marsh. Adjectives can also be formed in prefixed: small, and prefixed-suffixal ways: underwater. Adjectives are also formed in a compound suffix way: flaxseed-purifying. Adjectives can also be formed by compounding two stems: pale pink, three-year.