Program in German as a second foreign language. Teaching German as a second foreign language (based on English)

Safety during firing is ensured by strict observance of the requirements of the firing course, proper organization of firing, and high discipline of the personnel.

Each employee of the internal affairs bodies must strictly and unquestioningly observe the established safety measures when handling weapons and ammunition.

The boundaries of an open-type shooting range are indicated by the inscriptions: "Shooting range". “Stop shooting”, “Passage and passage is prohibited”, which are installed within good visibility, as well as at the intersection of trails and roads leading to the shooting range. If necessary, the boundaries of the shooting range (shooting range) can be dug in trenches. All roads and paths are blocked by barriers or other barriers. In addition, in the settlements closest to the shooting range (shooting range), announcements are posted about the prohibition to enter, enter the territory of the shooting range (shooting range) during shooting.

Before shooting, it is necessary to carefully inspect the territory of the shooting range.

Permission to open fire is given only by the chief of fire or his assistant. It is allowed to fire at the shooting range (in the shooting range) on the command “Fire”. Shooting stops on command "Stop, stop shooting" or "Hang up".

Firing by all shooters must immediately stop on their own or at the command of the chief of fire in the following cases:

The appearance of people, cars or animals on the target field, as well as low-flying aircraft over the shooting area;

Raising a white flag (lantern) at the command post or dugout;

Occurrence as a result of firing a fire.

When shooting with two hands from a weapon with a free stroke of the bolt, the grip must be such that the bolt does not injure the hands.

When firing from short-barreled weapons "Kedr", "Cypress", "Maple", PP-90, you cannot hold it by the barrel near the muzzle and by the body, where there are moving parts.

When new types (types, models) of weapons enter service with the internal affairs body, when new firing exercises are introduced into training, the head responsible for combat training, before firing, ensures their study and acceptance of a test with grading.

When shooting, it is prohibited:

There is an easy way to remember security measures. The method is as follows:

The employee needs to remember the first letters of each item of security measures - the word INZOO is obtained.

I - Remove (uncover) a weapon from a holster without the permission of the chief of firing;

N - Point the weapon, whether it is loaded or not, in the direction where people are or in the direction of their possible appearance;

Z - Load the weapon without the command of the shooting leader;

О - open and fire without the command of the shooting leader, from a faulty weapon, outside the boundaries of the shooting range, with a white flag (lantern) raised at the command post of the shooting range;

О - to leave a loaded weapon unattended at the line of opening fire or anywhere else, as well as to transfer it to other persons.

Thus, in order to study security measures, it is enough for an employee to remember one word "INZOO", which allows to speed up the process of memorizing the necessary information.

In the event that employees violate the requirements of the Firing Course, firing will immediately cease. Those who made them are held accountable.

WEAPONS CULTURE

Security measures when handling weapons.

1. Picked up a weapon, check if it is loaded.

2. When handling weapons, do not point the barrel towards people; not
aim at the other and not allow them to aim at you.

3. Consider any weapon loaded until you yourself
check it out and don't mess it up.

4. Unloaded a weapon - treat it like a loaded one.

5. When cocking the trigger (when the bolt is retracted), direct the barrel of the weapon
only towards the target or upward at an angle of 45-60°.

6. In all cases, do not put your finger on the tail of the trigger until
as long as there is no need to open fire.

7. Before training shooting, going to the service, wipe the channel dry
trunk; check if there are any foreign objects in the barrel; make sure
serviceability of weapons and equipment to it.

Security measures for handling weapons before entering the service and at the end of the service.

1. The loading of weapons is carried out in a specially designated, equipped with a bullet catcher, well-lit place under the supervision of a duty officer and at his command.

2. Unloading, inspection, delivery of weapons and ammunition is carried out in
places that meet the same requirements, immediately after
services.

3. Upon receipt of cartridges, you must personally check the number of them
and make sure there are no faulty ones among them.

4. When loading and unloading, aim the weapon barrel only at
side of the gunner.

5. The weapon is loaded with loaded magazines, a cartridge in the chamber
not sent.

6. Before loading the weapon is put on the fuse.

Security measures when serving with a weapon.

The weapon is issued to the police officer personally under his responsibility. Particular attention should be paid to the inadmissibility of weapons and ammunition falling into the hands of children.

Proper preservation of weapons in the course of service is ensured by their correct wearing. Accordingly, the following types of carrying pistols are distinguished:

- on the waist belt over the uniform;

- on a trouser belt under a uniform tunic, under civilian
outerwear;

- under civilian outerwear on special equipment
(operational material).

The following basic rules for carrying a weapon (pistol) should be strictly observed:

The pistol is carried only in a holster and must be fastened to the pistol strap;

In the course of service, the presence of a pistol is systematically monitored.

During service, it is forbidden to disassemble the weapon, without the need to remove the fuse, send the cartridge into the chamber, separate the magazine and remove cartridges from it.

Particular vigilance is aimed at ensuring the safety of weapons in the process of service is manifested by:

In duty units of the Department of Internal Affairs;

At foot posts and patrol routes, in crowded conditions or at night;

When boarding a vehicle and en route;

When an offender is arrested;

When assisting a wounded criminal as a result of the use of weapons;

When escorting detainees;

In proceedings with detainees in premises, points of public order;

When carrying out operations and raids to seize anti-social elements;

After applying wrestling techniques, falling, jumping from a height,
when leaving the crowd, exiting the transport, it is imperative to check not only the safety of the weapon, but also the equipment for it.

Security measures during training firing.

Persons who have not mastered the safety measures are not allowed to shoot.

1. Permission to open fire is given only by the chief of fire or his assistant. It is allowed to fire on the commands "FIRE" or
"FORWARD". Shooting stops on the commands "STOP", "STOP,
CEASE FIRE" or "END FIRE".

2. When shooting with anti-noise headphones, it is forbidden to put them on, adjust and take them off with a weapon in your hands.

3. When shooting with two hands from a weapon with a free stroke of the bolt, the grip must be such that the bolt does not injure the hands.

4. Firing by all shooters must immediately stop on their own or at the command of the chief of fire in the following cases: the appearance of people, cars or animals on the target field, as well as low-flying aircraft over the firing area; a raised white flag (lantern) at the command post, a fire from shooting.

prohibited:

1. Uncover a weapon or remove it from a holster without permission
shooting leader.

2. Point the weapon, whether loaded or not, in the direction where people are, or in the direction of their possible appearance;

3. Load weapons with live or blank cartridges without command
shooting leader;

4. Open and fire without the command of the chief of fire, from
faulty weapons, in dangerous directions, with the white
flag at the shooting range command post;

5. Leaving loaded weapons on the firing line or anywhere
was, as well as transfer it to other persons.

Conclusion: Thus, the topic discusses the basic security measures when handling weapons in all cases in which an internal affairs officer may be with a weapon.

SAFETY PRECAUTIONS FOR EXERCISES IN TIRA AND OUTDOOR AREAS

When shooting at a shooting range (range), a cordon, target indicators, as well as other persons serving the shooting are assigned.

The boundaries of an open-type shooting range are marked on the ground with inscriptions: "Shooting range", "Stop, shoot", "Passage and passage is prohibited", which are installed within good visibility, as well as at the intersection of paths and roads leading to the shooting range. If necessary, the boundaries of the shooting range (shooting range) can be dug in trenches. All roads and hiking trails are blocked by barriers or other barriers. In addition, in the settlements closest to the shooting range (shooting range), announcements are posted in Russian and the local (national) languages about the prohibition to enter, enter the territory of the shooting range (shooting range) during the shooting.

Unauthorized persons should not uncontrollably enter the areas of organization and conduct of firing.

SAFETY WHEN SHOOTING

For the organization of firing and ensuring security measures during their conduct, by order of the head of the body (division) of internal affairs, the following are appointed: the head of firing; assistant to the head of shooting (head of shooting on the site); ammunition dispenser; doctor on duty (paramedic, nurse).

Safety during firing is ensured by:

Clear and competent management of ongoing activities;

Serviceability of weapons, imitation tools, bullet receivers and other equipment, as well as lighting, means of amplifying speech and transmitting commands;

Proper organization of firing, high discipline of employees.

Each employee must know and unquestioningly observe the established safety measures when handling weapons and ammunition.

And a stick shoots once a year!

In the Yaroslavl shooting range of DOSAAF Russia, everything is formulated simply:

Archer's Code or Prayer for Range Visitors.

Shooter code:

1. I will always treat a weapon as if it were loaded.
2. I will never point a gun where I don't want to shoot.
3. Before I shoot, I always check what is in front of the target and behind it.
4. I will never touch the trigger with my finger until the barrel is pointed at the target.

The skills of safe handling of weapons at the level of reflexes, the ability to use these weapons professionally will be useful to a law enforcement officer, and a military man, and a security guard, and a collector, and a hunter, and an athlete, a shooter, or an ordinary citizen participation in mass sports events with elements of shooting from weapons.

Of course, first of all, the cornerstone of a citizen, the owner of a firearm, is safety. Getting acquainted with practical shooting, one is struck by how cruel, but at the same time, the entire system of safe behavior of an athlete with a weapon in ISPC. (International Practical Shooting Confederation) is built.

These rules are so reasonable, natural and easy to apply that with proper control of the judges and the participants themselves, any excesses are completely excluded, and this is with the full “armament” of the participants in the competition. Practical shooting has, figuratively speaking, precisely the applied "skeleton" of the entire system.

A person who has been trained in the DOSAAF shooting range in Yaroslavl, and has participated in at least a few competitions in practical or bullet shooting, can take courage and call this citizen the bearer of advanced weapons culture.

Following the actions of instructors and teachers of the USTC DOSAAF of Russia in Yaroslavl during practical training in pistol shooting, the trainees not only listen, but absorb their instructions.

The employees of the center diligently and patiently help the visitors of the shooting range, correct and suggest, show sincere interest and participation in the training of citizens. They want with all their heart that citizens take as much of their knowledge as possible, adopt as many skills as possible in the short time allotted for training. Such dedication of teachers and instructors is bearing fruit, right before our eyes, students more and more confidently begin to fulfill tasks in terms of shooting accuracy and safety requirements, their own successes and the successes of their classmates give strength in mastering the science of "practical and bullet shooting".

When studying security requirements, teachers create an atmosphere of relaxed dialogue, information is perceived easily and it seems that you yourself have found the right solution in a particular environment. For clarity, the employees of the center act out scenes in faces, model one or another case of violations. And all this is done easily and with humor. There is a huge practical experience and deep knowledge.

And this is useful not only to know, but it is necessary to strictly observe and comply with

Requirements and security measures

Safety in the classroom for the study of the material part of weapons, methods and rules of shooting, during firing is ensured by a clear organization of classes, high discipline of trainees. Knowledge and strict observance of the requirements and safety measures when handling weapons, as well as the procedures and rules established in the shooting range (at the shooting range) are also required. Before using weapons, students must learn the safety precautions for handling them and the safety requirements for shooting.

Security measures when handling weapons. Safety measures when handling weapons are:

only persons who have studied the requirements and security measures, the general arrangement of weapons, the procedure and rules for their operation are allowed to handle weapons;
before starting any activities with a weapon, check if it is loaded;
when inspecting a weapon, disassembling and assembling it, equipping and discharging a store, exercise caution and follow the sequence of actions;
it is strictly forbidden to aim, pull the trigger and point the weapon in the direction of people and animals, even if the weapon is not loaded;
if it is necessary to pull the trigger, you should give the weapon an elevation angle;
it is strictly forbidden to use live ammunition for training purposes (not for shooting), before equipping the magazine with training cartridges, check if there are live ammunition among them;
do not use misfired cartridges for training purposes;
avoid hitting the cartridge primer;
at the end of classes, put the weapon on the fuse;
do not leave weapons and ammunition unattended, and at the end of classes, put them in the designated storage place.

Safety requirements for shooting. Shooting from a small-caliber or air rifle is carried out in a school shooting range, which ensures the safety of shooting. Shooting from a Kalashnikov assault rifle with live ammunition is carried out only at equipped shooting ranges of military units or shooting sports clubs of DOSAAF.

Only persons who have skills in handling weapons, know the order of conduct in the shooting range (at the shooting range) and the safety requirements for firing are allowed to shoot from any type of weapon.

During shooting from small-caliber and pneumatic weapons, the following rules must be observed in the shooting range:

shooting is allowed only from serviceable weapons brought to normal combat;
shooters enter the firing line only at the command of the shooting leader;
shooters are forbidden to aim and direct weapons away from the target, to the rear, as well as point them at people or animals;
on the firing line it is forbidden to take, load, touch the weapon or approach it without the command (permission) of the head of shooting;
weapons are loaded with live (small-caliber) cartridges or bullets only at the command of the shooting leader;
it is forbidden to take a loaded weapon from the firing line, as well as leave it anywhere or transfer it to other persons without the command of the shooting leader;
after the end of the shooting of each shift, the shooters collect the shells and, together with unused cartridges, hand them over to the shooting leader;
after handing over the shells and cartridges, the head of shooting inspects the weapon in accordance with the established rules;
during shooting, it is forbidden for unauthorized persons to be on the firing line.

Shooting immediately stops when people and animals appear in the fire zone.

During shooting, a medical worker with medicines and dressings must be in the shooting range.

The shooter is obliged to know and strictly follow the established rules, all commands and safety requirements when shooting, and after shooting, hand over unused cartridges (bullets) and cartridge cases to the leader.

Responsibility for order in the shooting range and safety rests with the shooting leader, who is appointed by order of the educational institution.

The procedure for conducting firing at the shooting ranges of military units is determined by the Firing Course.

Safety requirements for handling hand grenades. Grenades are carried in grenade bags. The fuses are placed in them separately from the grenades, with each fuse wrapped in paper or rags.

Loading grenades (inserting a fuse) is allowed only before throwing them.

Before loading and packing in a bag, grenades and fuses must be inspected. The body of the grenade should not have significant dents and deeply penetrated rust. The fuse tube and fuse must be clean, free of dents and rust; the ends of the safety pin must be separated and not have cracks in the bends. Fuses with cracks and green coating cannot be used.

When carrying a grenade, it is necessary to protect it from shocks, blows, fire, dirt and dampness. Soaked and contaminated grenades and fuses must be wiped and dried under the supervision of the commander; do not dry them near the fire.

It is forbidden to disassemble live grenades and fix malfunctions in them, carry grenades outside the bags (hung by the safety pin ring), as well as touching unexploded grenades is prohibited.

1. What security measures must be taken when handling weapons?
2. Tell us about the safety requirements for shooting.
3. What are the security requirements

INSTRUCTIONS
about safety measures when performing shooting exercises
from pneumatic weapons
I. General provisions

1. Classes (shooting) in a shooting range (a place equipped for shooting) are held by order of the director of the school (gymnasium, lyceum, school, technical school, college) in accordance with the schedule of lessons (classes) and the circle work plan. Pupils (students) are allowed to attend classes as part of a group or class headed by a teacher who trains in the basics of military service, or a coach.

2. Responsibility for the organization and conduct of shooting rests with the teacher who trains in the basics of military service (coach), and during the competition - with the chief referee.

3. A teacher who trains in the basics of military service (coach) is fully responsible for the knowledge and observance of these rules by all those involved in the shooting range.

4. Students who are free from shooting are in a specially designated place and follow the established order.

5. Shooters who carelessly handle weapons and ammunition or violate other safety rules are immediately removed from the shooting range.

II. Responsibilities of the shooting leader (coach)

1. The leader of the classes before the start of shooting is obliged to familiarize himself with these rules.

2. Check the serviceability of pneumatic weapons, the condition of the shooting gallery (a place equipped for shooting), the compliance with the conditions for performing exercises and fill out the shooting register.

3. Having finished the lesson at the time allotted by the schedule (schedule), put the shooting gallery in order, inspect the weapon, collect the bullets.

III. Responsibilities of shooters

1. Know and strictly follow all commands and safety measures when shooting.

2. After shooting, hand over the remaining bullets to the leader (coach).

In the dash it is forbidden:

1. Conduct shooting without a teacher who trains in the basics of military service.

2. Fire from a faulty weapon.

3. Load weapons on the firing line without the command "Load!", the signal "Fire!".

4. Taking weapons without the permission of the shooting director.

5. Leave loaded and unloaded weapons with a closed barrel on the firing line.

6. While on the firing line, point the weapon to the rear, to the side or aim at the targets if there are people in the direction of the targets.

7. Conduct training in the rear when shooting is being carried out from the firing line.

8. Be on the firing line to unauthorized persons, as well as students who are not engaged in shooting.

9. Turn the fans on and off, as well as the target line lights.

Responsible for the shooting range, a teacher who trains in the basics of military service (coach, instructor) is obliged to:

1. Monitor the implementation of these rules and compliance with safety measures during firing and immediately take action in cases of their violation.

2. Record all violations in the ledger. Gross violations of security measures or rules of conduct at the shooting range should be immediately reported to the head of the educational institution or his deputy.

Instruction
Shooting Safety for Students

1. Always treat airguns as loaded and cocked.
2. Never point a gun at anything you don't intend to shoot at. Never point a weapon at people!

3. The weapon must always be pointed with the muzzle towards the targets, while carrying - with the muzzle up.

4. Never keep your finger on the trigger, even if the weapon is unloaded and not cocked.

5. Loading and cocking weapons is possible only at the firing line at the command of the chief of fire.

6. Consider the possible trajectory of the bullet when it breaks through the target, when it ricochets and when it misses.

7. When shooting from a rifle with a mounted optical sight, keep in mind that the axis of the bore is below the axis of the sight. It is possible for a bullet to hit closely spaced objects that are not visible in the sight or located below the sight, but opposite the barrel.

8. When aiming through a telescopic optical sight, do not touch the eyepiece with your eyebrow. Pneumatic weapons have recoil and when fired, an injury to the eyebrow or eye is possible.

9. Control the territory in which the shooting is carried out. Especially when using an optical sight.

10. When shooting at short (less than 5 meters) distances, use protective goggles.

11. Do not pass loaded and (or) cocked weapons to each other.

12. Do not leave a loaded and (or) cocked weapon.

13. Try not to leave weapons unattended.

14. Do not touch other people's weapons without the permission of the Range Officer.

15. Do not touch the weapon if there are people in the target area, even if the weapon is not cocked or loaded.

16. When not firing, keep the firearm open (breech open), but not cocked or loaded.

17. Before shooting, check the technical condition of the weapon, the tightening of the fixing screws.

18. Do not disassemble a loaded and/or cocked firearm.

19. Repair, adjustment and testing of the weapon’s performance is carried out in a specially designated place in compliance with all safety measures.

20. Obediently follow the commands of the chief of fire, otherwise you will be removed from shooting.

Positions when shooting from pneumatic weapons (rifles)

When loading a spring-piston air rifle, it is best to hold the rifle by the barrel as you load the bullet into the bore. This will help save your fingers.

Always cock your air rifle gently, don't jerk it open and then slam it shut.

The index finger should be perpendicular to the trigger. In fact, only the middle finger wraps around and holds the handle of the gun. The thumb, ring finger and little finger only rest on the handle.

4. Anti-noise headphones and goggles are put on and corrected before the start of the exercise, and removed on command. In this case, these actions are performed in the absence of a weapon in the hands of the shooter.

leader (assistant leader) of firing.

MM PISTOL MAKAROVA

PURPOSE AND COMBAT PROPERTIES PM

9 mm Makarov pistol is a personal weapon of attack and defense and is designed to defeat the enemy at short distances.

The performance characteristics of the PM

The most effective fire	up to 50m
combat rate of fire	30 shots/min (1 shot/2sec)
Muzzle velocity of the bullet	315 m/s
The lethal effect of the bullet is preserved	350m.
Cartridge weight	10g.
Chuck length	25 mm.
bullet weight	6.1 g
Magazine capacity	8 rounds
PM weight with magazine without cartridges	730
PM weight with loaded magazine	810
PM length	161mm
Height	126.75mm
Barrel length with chamber	93mm.
Number of grooves
Caliber	9mm.

muzzle energy	320 J (494 J PMM).
The force applied to the trigger to release the cock from the cocking	2 - 3.8 kg

MAIN PARTS AND MECHANISMS OF PM

Bolt with striker, ejector, safety catch and sighting device.

FLY PIECE

The ejector consists of:

Heel for connection with the shutter;

ejector spring;

3. Return spring.

Screw handle.

Shutter delay.

7. Shop:

Store building;

Feeder;

Feeder spring;

Magazine cover;

GUN PACKAGE INCLUDES

1. spare magazine;

2. wiping;

3. holster;

4. pistol strap (turret cord).

1.Trunk- serves to direct the flight of the bullet. Inside it has a channel with 4 grooves, winding from left to right. The rifling serves to give the bullet a rotational motion.

2.fields- gaps between grooves.

3.bore gauge- distance between two opposite fields in diameter; for PM it is 9 mm.

From the breech, the outlet channel is smooth and of large diameter, it serves to place the cartridge and is called the chamber.

On the breech of the bore there is a tide for attaching the barrel to the frame post and a hole for the barrel pin. At the tide and at the bottom of the chamber there is a bevel to guide the cartridge from the magazine into the chamber.

The outer surface of the barrel is smooth, a return spring is put on the barrel

4. Frame serves to connect all parts of the gun. The frame with the base of the handle is one piece;

5. Handle base serves for fastening the handle, the mainspring and for placing the store;

6. trigger guard serves to protect the tail of the trigger from accidentally pressing it;

7. Gate serves to feed a cartridge from the magazine into the chamber, locking the bore when fired, holding the cartridge cases (extracting the cartridge) and cocking the trigger.

Outside the shutter has:

Fly for aiming;

Transverse groove for rear sight;

Notch - between the front sight and the whole;

Window for cartridge ejector (cartridge);

Fuse socket and 2 recesses for fuse holder;

A notch on both sides for the convenience of retracting the shutter by hand;

Groove for the passage of the trigger - located at the rear end of the bolt.

Inside the shutter has:

Channel for placing the barrel with a return spring;

Longitudinal ledges for guiding the movement of the shutter along the frame;

Tooth for setting the shutter to the shutter delay;

Groove for reflector;

Cup for placing the bottom of the sleeve;

A rammer for sending a cartridge from the magazine to the chamber;

Channel for placing the drummer.

8. Drummer serves to break the primer, has a striker in the front, a cut in the back, for a fuse that holds the drummer in the shutter channel. The striker is made 3-hedral in order to reduce its weight and rubbing surfaces.

9. Ejector serves to hold the sleeve (on the cartridge) in the shutter cup until it meets the reflector;

10. Fuse serves to ensure safety when handling a pistol;

11. Rear sight together with the front sight serves for aiming;

12. return spring serves to return the shutter to the forward position;

13.trigger serves to strike a striker.

14.Whispered- to hold the trigger on the combat and safety platoon.

15.Trigger pull with cocking lever serves to pull the trigger from the combat platoon and cock the trigger when firing by self-cocking.

16.Action spring serves to actuate the trigger, cocking lever and trigger pull; it is attached to the handle with a clamp;

17. screw handle covers the combat windows and the rear wall of the base of the handle and serves for convenience, holding the pistol in hand;

18. Shutter lag holds the bolt in the rear position when all the cartridges are used up;

19. Score serves to accommodate 8 cartridges.

GUN- the weapon is self-loading, since it is automatically reloaded during firing. The operation of PM automation is based on the principle of using free shutter recoil.

A bullet under the pressure of powder gases is ejected from the bore. The shutter, under the pressure of powder gases at the bottom of the sleeve, moves back, holding the sleeve with the ejector and compressing the return spring. The sleeve, when meeting with the reflector, is thrown out through the shutter window, which, when retracted to the rearmost position, turns the trigger on the trunnions back and puts it on cocking. Having moved back to failure, the shutter, under the action of a return spring, returns forward, while the rammer advances the next cartridge from the magazine and sends it into the chamber. The bore is locked by a free shutter. The pistol is ready to fire again.

When all the cartridges from the magazine are used up, the shutter becomes on the shutter delay and remains in the rear position.

DISASSEMBLY PM

Disassembly of the gun can be incomplete and complete:

incomplete- for cleaning, lubricating and inspecting the disassembled pistol.

Complete- for cleaning when heavily soiled, after finding PM in the snow, in the rain, when switching to a new lubricant and during repairs.

Frequent disassembly of a combat pistol is harmful, because. accelerates the wear of parts and mechanisms.

PM FIRE DELAYS

WAYS TO REMOVE THEM

DELAYS	REASONS FOR THE DELAY	WAYS TO REMOVE THE DELAY
1.Misfire. Shutter in extreme position. The trigger is down. The shot didn't happen.	1. Cartridge primer defective 2. Grease thickening. or contamination of the channel under the drummer. 3. The exit of the drummer or nicks on the striker is small.	1. Reload the pistol and continue shooting. 2. Inspect and clean the gun. 3. Send the gun to the workshop.
2. Non-coverage of the cartridge by the shutter. The shutter stopped, having reached the extreme forward position. The trigger cannot be released.	1. Contamination of the chamber, frame grooves and shutter cup. 2. Difficult movement of the ejector due to contamination of the ejector spring or yoke.	1. Send the bolt forward with a hand push and continue firing. 2. Inspect and clean the gun.
3. Non-feeding or non-advancement of a cartridge from the magazine into the chamber. The bolt is in the forward position, but there is no cartridge in the chamber, the bolt stopped in the middle position along with the cartridge, not sending it into the chamber.	1. Contamination of the magazine and moving parts of the pistol. 2. The curvature of the upper edges of the store case.	1. Reload the pistol and continue shooting. Clean pistol and magazine. 2. Replace the faulty magazine.
4. Sticking, infringement of the sleeve by the shutter. The sleeve was not thrown out through the window in the bolt and wedged between the bolt and the breech section of the barrel.	1. Contamination of the moving parts of the gun. 2. Malfunction of the ejector, its spring or reflector.	1. Throw away the stuck cartridge case and continue firing. 2. If the spring ejector or deflector is defective, send the gun to a workshop.
5.Automatic shooting.	1. Thickening of lubricant or contamination of parts of the firing mechanism 2. Wear on the cocking of the trigger or sear nose. 3. Weakening or wear of the sear spring. 4. Touching the shelf of the ledge of the fuse of the sear tooth	1. Inspect and clean the gun. 2. Send the gun to the workshop. 3. Send the gun to the workshop. 3. Send the gun to the workshop.

SAFETY PRECAUTIONS FOR HANDLING FIREARMS AND AMMUNITION

1. Permission to open fire is given only by the leader (assistant leader) of firing.

2. It is allowed to fire at the commands "Fire" or "Forward" from the firing line or firing lines according to the conditions of the exercises.

3. Shooting stops on commands “Stop. Cease Fire" or "Hang Out".

5. Shooting stops on its own when people, cars, animals, as well as low-flying aircraft appear on the target field above the shooting area, when malfunctions of the target equipment are detected, a fire breaks out, delays in shooting, raising a white flag (lantern) at the command post or dugout (shelter), when a signal is given by a white fire rocket.

When shooting, it is prohibited:

1. Uncover a weapon or remove it from a holster without permission

leader (assistant leader) of firing.

in the direction where people are, or in the direction of their possible appearance.

3. Load the weapon with live or blank cartridges, as well as

bring the manual fragmentation grant to READINESS for throwing without

team leader, (assistant) leader of firing.

4. Open and fire without the command of the leader (assistant

head) firing, from a faulty weapon, in dangerous directions (including outside the boundaries of a shooting gallery, shooting range or range), above bulletproof ramparts or enclosing walls, if any, with a white flag (lantern) raised at the command post of a shooting range, shooting range or polygon.

5. Leaving weapons, ammunition or grenades on the firing line or

anywhere, as well as transfer them to other persons without the permission of the leader (assistant leader) of the shooting.

In case of violation by employees of the requirements of this Manual, firing will immediately stop. An employee who violates security measures is removed from the shooting, and he is given an "unsatisfactory" rating. This employee is obliged to independently study the basics of the use of weapons, the rules of shooting, the materiel and performance characteristics of weapons and ammunition, safety measures when handling them, delays in firing and ways to eliminate them, and pass a test for the theoretical part of fire training. An employee who has not passed the test is not allowed to practice shooting.

MM PISTOL MAKAROVA