Country road. Dirt road

Many state factors depend on the degree of development of the road network, such as the prosperity of the country, its defense capability and much more. Unfortunately, Russian highways are simply unpredictable, as soon as you leave the highway and head into the outback, you can encounter such a phenomenon as a dirt road.

There seem to be such routes between many settlements, but it is almost impossible to use them. On such primers, sometimes there are large pits, huge potholes, continuous bumps, as well as a lot of dust flying from under the wheels of the car in all directions. Although road repairs in Russia are carried out every year, it is impossible to fully resist the destructive factors that destroy the road surface. Therefore, it is better for citizens of the Russian Federation to find out in advance what they may encounter on Russian highways.

History of road infrastructure

In the ninth century, when the ancient Russian state was born, rivers acted as roads, so most settlements were built on their banks. In the summer, they swam on the water, and in the winter they moved on a sleigh.

Then, when in the fifteenth century the foundation of a single centralized state began, its authorities began to think about creating a post office. Thus, the roads of Russia began to form, and an official specially appointed for this had to be responsible for their condition.

During the reign of Catherine II, the road business began to be given a particularly important state significance. By her order, the old roads were brought to and in each district a special team was assembled, whose task was to monitor the safety of the road communication.

In the nineteenth century, the development of rail transport began, so highways and dirt roads became less significant for the state. But in the twentieth century, thanks to the rapid development of industry and the appearance of the first cars, the attitude of the authorities to the road network has changed significantly. Since there was no proper funding, the quality of Russia's roads continued to be in a deplorable state.

A large program for the renovation and construction of highways was planned for the forties of the 20th century, but the Second World War prevented such grandiose plans. After the fighting, it was discovered that more than ninety thousand kilometers of road infrastructure had been destroyed, so the question arose of rebuilding old roads rather than building new ones.

Then, construction continued at an intensive pace in the seventies, but, unfortunately, many more regional centers were not connected with regional cities by a hard surface.

At the present time, although the condition of the roads is much better, nevertheless, according to experts, the total length of the road network does not reach the level of 1.5 million kilometers, which could satisfy the social and economic needs of the state.

Classification and categories

The carriageways in Russia, as, in principle, in another state, differ from each other in the quality of the road surface and the length, therefore, the following classes of roads are distinguished:

motorway (belongs to the first category, has four lanes, the maximum speed of the car is 130-150 km / h);

a regular highway (it can be of different categories and a different number of lanes, the maximum movement of a car on a road section is not more than 100 km / h);

highway.

In atlases and maps, such a classification is almost impossible to meet, so it is better to know the markings, consisting of letters and numbers. The letter designation makes it clear which road the driver is dealing with:

E - these route routes are an integral part of the general road communication in Europe, coinciding with some sections of federal highways.

AN - this means that this highway belongs to the Asian roads.

M - these are federal road arteries connecting large regional centers and cities.

P - highways that connect settlements of administrative significance.

A - these are carriageways of regional significance that do not have their own direct routes to the capital of the Russian Federation.

K - other highways, mainly a country road or dirt road.

N - local or intermunicipal road communication.

Of course, it is most convenient to build your route along highways of the highest category, although sometimes it turns out to be longer, but it is safer and more comfortable.



What is a ground track?

These are such roadways, consisting exclusively of natural and natural material: sand, clay, stony soil, turf and many other such soils. A dirt road in terms of its qualities and properties belongs to the fifth category and does not have a hard surface.

During rainy weather and snowmelt, such paths are completely unusable and a car is guaranteed not to be able to drive along them. It is safest to use them during the first frosts, when there is no snowfall yet, or during the dry season.

The dirt road is of the following types:

improved (marked on the map by two parallel yellow lines);

field and forest (in the atlas it looks like a broken line);

country road (shown as solid stripes on the map).

Primer construction

This type of roadway can also be made with your own hands, for example, in the case when you need to make it easier for yourself to get to the dacha or to some other place. Construction of roads from natural soil is presented in the following ways:

1. Sprinkle the road track with coal slag, the layer of which will be about 5-10 cm. In this case, the tract dries quickly, and puddles practically do not form. After three years of operation, this procedure should be repeated.

2. Using bricks with asphalt chips. Such a dirt road is able to withstand even spring snowmelt and can last more than four years.

3. Tractor laying asphalt crumbs on Dornit fabric, the density of which is 150 g/m 2 . This method is the fastest and highest quality.

The construction of roads of this type is not too expensive, but requires constant maintenance of the pavement in good condition.



Repair work on soil canvases

During operation, under the influence of the wheels of various vehicles, weather conditions, due to heavy precipitation, unstable temperature and various other factors, all highways, without exception, wear out and become unusable. Therefore, the unpaved road surface requires systematic restoration and maintenance. This can also be done in several ways.

The overhaul of roads implies that some of their large sections will be re-blocked, and in some cases the entire canvas.

During the current annual reconstructions, graders are mainly used, cutting natural material along the roadsides and moving it to the roadway.



improved primer

For better stability of the roadway on country roads, a lightweight roadway is created. First, this section of the road is cleaned of dust and dirt, and then covered with soil mixed with each other, gravel material and binders with various additives.

These improved dirt roadways are more resistant to various factors of damage, while the minimum cost is used for their construction.

Difficult areas

Russian motorists have identified several major surprises awaiting them on dirt roads.

The first of them is spring off-road. In this case, the ground cover resembles some kind of swamp. Mud can completely clog the treads, thus leaving the tires smooth and completely defenseless. To avoid such troubles, you need to move strictly along the knurled track and try to lighten the vehicle as much as possible.

The second surprise is unpredictable sand. In the event that it is dry, then the machine can, under its own weight, burrow deeper and deeper into it. If the sand cover is wet, then it can be overcome faster, but you need to do it in a careful way so as not to plunge into the viscous dunes.

It would seem that small puddles on the roads cannot be a particular obstacle, but still they sometimes hide many pitfalls. If it is not possible to go around them, then it is better to stop and get out of the car in order to explore the depth with a stick.



Country road

This is a small roadbed between settlements, also covered with natural soil. It is suitable for wheeled traffic, but, since this road is not paved, under adverse weather conditions it is completely unsuitable for travel.

Such a roadway is the most unacceptable for the operation of passenger cars on it - in order to drive along it, especially in early spring, avid motorists recommend putting special chains on car tires.

The quality of the road surface of the Russian Federation

In 2012, experts from the Davos Forum compiled an annual report and for this purpose assessed the roads of Russia and other countries. Their system used a seven-point scale, where 1 is the worst condition and 7 is excellent. Russia received its rightful three points in such a study. Russian roads received such a low indicator because of their satisfactory quality and, at the same time, some dirt roads cannot be used at all in the autumn or spring period of the year. Therefore, strictly speaking, such estimates are not surprising.



Why are there bad roads in Russia?

It is generally accepted that the road grid of the state looks like this because the country has a bad climate and outdated standards and technologies. In some cases, the prevailing terrain is unfavorable for construction, so even repairing the road in such conditions will be difficult.

In such regions of Russia as Karelia, the construction process is complicated by low temperatures, so it requires large energy costs, which, as a result, leads to an increase in the cost of the road. As a result, it turns out that a large amount is spent not on laying the road surface, but on combating adverse environmental conditions.

How much does road maintenance cost?

The 2016 budget included 554 billion rubles, of which 130 will go to the reconstruction and restoration of regional roads, and 65 to the construction of the Kerch bridge. The remaining billions will go to the maintenance and repair of federal highways. According to the latest estimates, the reconstruction of one kilometer of the roadway costs an average of 28 million rubles, and construction - 133 million rubles. This will reduce the number of traffic jams in these areas.

Government plans

The Federation announced that it plans to replace all dirt roads with concrete ones in the next five years. Such construction provides financing for 1.8 trillion rubles. Also, within the framework of such a program, thirty-five bridges and overpasses should be replaced or reconstructed.

In the event that the announced plans are fulfilled, then, according to experts, this will reduce the number of accidents and increase the capacity of roads. And besides, it will solve one of the main problems of motorists.

Many state factors depend on the degree of development of the road network, such as the prosperity of the country, its defense capability and much more. Unfortunately, Russian highways are simply unpredictable, as soon as you leave the highway and head into the outback, you can encounter such a phenomenon as a dirt road.

There seem to be such routes between many settlements, but it is almost impossible to use them. On such primers, sometimes there are large pits, huge potholes, continuous bumps, as well as a lot of dust flying from under the wheels of the car in all directions. Although road repairs in Russia are carried out every year, it is impossible to fully resist the destructive factors that destroy the road surface. Therefore, it is better for citizens of the Russian Federation to find out in advance what they may encounter on Russian highways.

History of road infrastructure

In the ninth century, when the ancient Russian state was born, rivers acted as roads, so most settlements were built on their banks. In the summer, they swam on the water, and in the winter they moved on a sleigh.

Then, when in the fifteenth century the foundation of a single centralized state began, its authorities began to think about creating a post office. Thus, the roads of Russia began to form, and an official specially appointed for this had to be responsible for their condition.

During the reign of Catherine II, the road business began to be given a particularly important state significance. By her order, the old roads were brought into excellent condition, and a special team was assembled in each district, whose task was to monitor the safety of the road communication.

In the nineteenth century, the development of rail transport began, so highways and dirt roads became less significant for the state. But in the twentieth century, thanks to the rapid development of industry and the appearance of the first cars, the attitude of the authorities to the road network has changed significantly. Since there was no proper funding, the quality of Russia's roads continued to be in a deplorable state.

A large program for the renovation and construction of highways was planned for the forties of the 20th century, but the Second World War prevented such grandiose plans. After the fighting, it was discovered that more than ninety thousand kilometers of road infrastructure had been destroyed, so the question arose of rebuilding old roads rather than building new ones.

Then, construction continued at an intensive pace in the seventies, but, unfortunately, many more regional centers were not connected with regional cities by a hard surface.

At the present time, although the condition of the roads is much better, nevertheless, according to experts, the total length of the road network does not reach the level of 1.5 million kilometers, which could satisfy the social and economic needs of the state.

Classification and categories

The carriageways in Russia, as, in principle, in another state, differ from each other in the quality of the road surface and the length, therefore, the following classes of roads are distinguished:

motorway (belongs to the first category, has four lanes, the maximum speed of the car is 130-150 km / h);

a regular highway (it can be of different categories and a different number of lanes, the maximum movement of a car on a road section is not more than 100 km / h);

highway.

In atlases and maps, such a classification is almost impossible to meet, so it is better to know the markings, consisting of letters and numbers. The letter designation makes it clear which road the driver is dealing with:

E - these route routes are an integral part of the general road communication in Europe, coinciding with some sections of federal highways.

AN - this means that this highway belongs to the Asian roads.

M - these are federal road arteries connecting large regional centers and cities.

P - highways that connect settlements of administrative significance.

A - these are carriageways of regional significance that do not have their own direct routes to the capital of the Russian Federation.

K - the rest of the highways, mainly a country road or dirt road.

N - local or intermunicipal road communication.

Of course, it is most convenient to build your route along highways of the highest category, although sometimes it turns out to be longer, but it is safer and more comfortable.

What is a ground track?

These are such roadways, consisting exclusively of natural and natural material: sand, clay, stony soil, turf and many other such soils. A dirt road in terms of its qualities and properties belongs to the fifth category and does not have a hard surface.

During rainy weather and snowmelt, such paths are completely unusable and a car is guaranteed not to be able to drive along them. It is safest to use them during the first frosts, when there is no snowfall yet, or during the dry season.

The dirt road is of the following types:

improved (marked on the map by two parallel yellow lines);

field and forest (in the atlas it looks like a broken line);

country road (shown as solid stripes on the map).

Primer construction

This type of roadway can also be made with your own hands, for example, in the case when you need to make it easier for yourself to get to your dacha or to some other rural area. The construction of roads from natural soil is represented by the following methods:

1. Sprinkle the road track with coal slag, the layer of which will be about 5-10 cm. In this case, the tract dries quickly, and puddles practically do not form. After three years of operation, this procedure should be repeated.

2. Using bricks with asphalt chips. Such a dirt road is able to withstand even spring snowmelt and can last more than four years.

3. Tractor laying asphalt crumbs on Dornit fabric, the density of which is 150 g/m 2 . This method is the fastest and highest quality.

The construction of roads of this type is not too expensive, but requires constant maintenance of the pavement in good condition.

Repair work on soil canvases

During operation, under the influence of the wheels of various vehicles, weather conditions, due to heavy precipitation, unstable temperature and various other factors, all highways, without exception, wear out and become unusable. Therefore, the unpaved road surface requires systematic restoration and maintenance. This can also be done in several ways.

The overhaul of roads implies that some of their large sections will be re-blocked, and in some cases the entire canvas.

During the current annual reconstructions, graders are mainly used, cutting natural material along the roadsides and moving it to the roadway.

improved primer

For better stability of the roadway on country roads, a lightweight roadway is created. First, this section of the road is cleaned of dust and dirt, and then covered with soil mixed with each other, gravel material and binders with various additives.

These improved dirt roadways are more resistant to various factors of damage, while the minimum cost is used for their construction.

Difficult areas

Russian motorists have identified several major surprises awaiting them on dirt roads.

The first of them is spring off-road. In this case, the ground cover resembles some kind of swamp. Mud can completely clog the treads, thus leaving the tires smooth and completely defenseless. To avoid such troubles, you need to move strictly along the knurled track and try to lighten the vehicle as much as possible.

The second surprise is unpredictable sand. In the event that it is dry, then the machine can, under its own weight, burrow deeper and deeper into it. If the sand cover is wet, then it can be overcome faster, but you need to do it in a careful way so as not to plunge into the viscous dunes.

It would seem that small puddles on the roads cannot be a particular obstacle, but still they sometimes hide many pitfalls. If it is not possible to go around them, then it is better to stop and get out of the car in order to explore the depth with a stick.

Country road

This is a small roadbed between settlements, also covered with natural soil. It is suitable for wheeled traffic, but, since this road is not paved, under adverse weather conditions it is completely unsuitable for travel.

Such a roadway is the most unacceptable for the operation of passenger cars on it - in order to drive along it, especially in early spring, avid motorists recommend putting special chains on car tires.

The quality of the road surface of the Russian Federation

In 2012, experts from the Davos Forum compiled an annual report and for this purpose assessed the roads of Russia and other countries. Their system used a seven-point scale,
where 1 is the worst condition and 7 is excellent. Russia received its rightful three points in such a study. Russian roads received such a low indicator because of their satisfactory quality and, at the same time, some dirt roads cannot be used at all in the autumn or spring period of the year. Therefore, strictly speaking, such estimates are not surprising.

Why are there bad roads in Russia?

It is generally accepted that the road grid of the state looks like this because the country has a bad climate and outdated standards and technologies. In some cases, the prevailing terrain is unfavorable for construction, so even repairing the road in such conditions will be difficult.

In such regions of Russia as Karelia and the regions of the Far North, the construction process is complicated by low temperatures, so it requires high energy costs, which, as a result, leads to an increase in the cost of the road. As a result, it turns out that a large amount is spent not on laying the road surface, but on combating adverse environmental conditions.

How much does road maintenance cost?

The 2016 budget included 554 billion rubles, of which 130 will go to the reconstruction and restoration of regional roads, and 65 to the construction of the Kerch bridge. The remaining billions will go to the maintenance and repair of federal highways. According to the latest estimates, the reconstruction of one kilometer of the roadway costs an average of 28 million rubles, and construction - 133 million rubles. This will reduce the number of traffic jams in these areas.

Government plans

The Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation announced that in the next five years it plans to replace all dirt roads with concrete ones. Such construction provides financing for 1.8 trillion rubles. Also, within the framework of such a program, thirty-five bridges and overpasses should be replaced or reconstructed.

In the event that the announced plans are fulfilled, then, according to experts, this will reduce the number of accidents and increase the capacity of roads. And besides, it will solve one of the main problems of motorists.

Why dream of a country road? The dream interpretation explains: vision promises obstacles, a streak of bad luck, material losses, a difficult choice. But some plots with her in a dream promise news from loved ones, a family celebration, agreement with her lover.

A dreamed vision warns the dreamer of impending obstacles to his enterprises and even losses.

Seeing a narrow country road in front of you, along which you need to go somewhere, means: in reality you turned the wrong way, such a path will not lead to good.

Why dream of a winding abandoned primer? The dream book says: there will be a long streak of bad luck, so you need to be patient.

Losses, unfortunate events

Did you dream that your relatives were escorting you? If this happens solemnly, it means that material losses are coming.

In a dream, are relatives escorted along the country road? The dream interpretation indicates: if the farewell turned out to be sad, you can expect the onset of a whole series of unhappy events.

Have you seen how you walk along an uneven path? A dream portends various troubles, frequent mood swings. You need to try to control yourself so that emotions do not affect business.

news, family celebration

Did you dream that many close people were walking towards you along a country road? In reality, you will receive news from one of your relatives.

In a dream, there were a lot of close people on the primer who were happily and animatedly discussing something? The dream interpretation explains: some kind of celebration is ahead, possibly associated with the birth of a new family member.

You have chosen the right path, you will live in harmony with your loved one

Why dream of a well-knurled, country road? You have chosen the right direction in life, keep moving forward.

Such a dream suggests: although the path to the goal will be thorny, but with effort, you can achieve prosperity and prosperity.

To see a smooth straight road in a dream that you are walking with your lover (lover) means: your directions coincide, you will move side by side, be faithful to each other.

Did you return in a well-known way? The dream interpretation tells: memories of the distant past will flood.

What was she like?

Remember what she was like

• narrow - a harbinger of sadness;
• abandoned - family troubles;
• dusty - you will fall under a bad influence;
• surrounded by trees - family harmony;
• flowers grew on the sides - unexpected luck lies ahead.

Was there a lot of dust on it? Some people pursuing their goals will try to draw you into their organization.

Miller's Dream Interpretation: Unsuccessful Undertakings

Why dream of walking along an unfamiliar broken country road? The dreamer's undertakings will not bring him anything but problems.

There is a difficult choice, but also success

A long road in a dream portends: you can solve your problems, only it will take a lot of time and effort.

Did you dream of seeing yourself on a deserted country road? Waking up very soon will have to make a very difficult choice.

Moving along a country road past beautiful fertile fields means: ahead of unexpected success, good luck.

Did she take you to a beautiful, spacious place? The interpretation of sleep indicates: this is a harbinger of an imminent improvement in affairs.