Decline the pronoun what in cases. Information and reference system for supporting the education of foreign citizens using modern information technologies

Everyone once heard such a word - "pronoun", but not everyone, however, remembers what it means. Meanwhile, it is familiar to the average person from the school curriculum. In order to speak correctly and beautifully, you need to know not only about the essence of this part of speech, but also about the literary declension of personal pronouns.

What kind of animal - "pronoun"

So, the pronoun is an independent part of speech (this means that it can “live” separately from other parts, does not depend on any word, such as union or preposition). Pronouns are used to replace nouns, adjectives, numerals and adverbs. For example, if you need a text about a cat, it is ugly to write the word “cat” in every sentence. And if you replace the “cat” a couple of times with the pronoun “she”, you get a more digestible text.

Answers the questions of the above parts of speech. Standard in Russian there are nine groups of pronouns, each of which has its own characteristics. Some single out another, tenth, category - more on that below.

Types of pronouns

So, according to their meaning, there are the following groups of pronouns:

Personal pronouns.
Reflexive pronoun (represented by a single word "myself", indicates the speaker, therefore it has a reflexive meaning).
Possessive pronouns (indicate belonging to someone or something).
Interrogative pronouns (they are interrogative words, used in interrogative sentences).
Relative pronouns (used to link two parts of a sentence).
Demonstrative pronouns (indicate the characteristics of what is being said).
(point to signs of what is being said).
Negative (indicate the absence of characteristics and / or signs of what is being said).
(indicate indefinite signs or the indefiniteness of the object of speech).

Some scholars believe that there is a tenth kind - reciprocal pronouns. They indicate the relationship of objects to each other, these are words such as "with each other", "from the end to the beginning", "over and over again" and so on. Let's take a closer look at personal pronouns.

Personal pronoun

Words from this category point to an object (a face), but do not name it. These are substitutes for nouns that answer their questions and can also often be used with prepositions. These include nine words: I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they, you (polite form).

Also, there used to be the form "one", which denoted the feminine gender in the plural. This name is now considered obsolete.

Forms of personal pronouns

There are several forms in which the declension of personal pronouns occurs. These are numbers (singular and plural), persons (there are three of them), gender (can only be determined by the pronouns he and she, which refer to the third person singular) and cases. The last form is worth talking more seriously.

Personal pronouns in indirect cases: features

To correctly decline pronouns, you must first remember what cases are. These are different forms of the same word, answering specific questions. The most important case is the nominative. This is the initial form of the word, it answers the question "who?" or "what?". All other forms are called indirect.

Declension of personal pronouns in cases is not a difficult thing. But it's important to remember a few things. So, they are obtained from a different base, not the same as in the initial form (compare with the noun: cat - cat, the same; I - me, the bases are different!). In addition, the letter “n” can be added to (he, she, it, they) in oblique cases, provided that they are used with a preposition. For example: “I see her”, but “I will take from her”; “I will give him,” but “I will sit with him.” One of the cases, prepositional (according to the list, it is the last one), in general, is always used only with a preposition. And even answers questions with a pretext - "about whom, about what."

Personal pronouns in the accusative case look exactly the same as in the genitive. These two forms are generally similar, they even have almost the same questions: “who?” or "what?" in the first case, and "whom?" or "what?" - in the second. Between them is the dative case. The rest is called creative. In it, personal pronouns can have different forms: me-me, she-her, you-you and others. You need to know this so as not to get confused. By the way, the questions to which he answers: “by whom?”, “What?”.

How to decline: instruction

So, what is the declension of personal pronouns by case? It is easy to remember if you know what questions this or that case answers (this is indicated above for almost all forms, the dative case has questions “to whom? to what?”). In addition, each of them has a so-called auxiliary word - it is designed to help you quickly find the right form (in order: eat, no, give, see, satisfied, think about). Here is just one example from which everything will become clear: I-me-me-me-me-about me.

It is important to note that in the first person singular in the prepositional case, the preposition "about" is replaced by the preposition "about" - not "about me", but "about me". This is another property of the Russian language: it is more convenient to pronounce it this way.

Declension of personal pronouns in Russian is not a difficult thing. The main thing is to remember the number of cases, what questions they answer and what words “support” them - and then the necessary forms of pronouns will seem to be born and jump off your language! And a person who knows the norms of the literary Russian language, has a rich vocabulary, makes a more favorable impression than someone who does not know how to express himself correctly. It is not for nothing that they say: “They meet by clothes, but see off by the mind”!

AT pronoun declension individual discharges there is a wide variety of types and forms, as well as cases of the formation of forms from different bases.

1. Declension of personal pronouns I, you; we you; is he(it, she), they.

Forms of indirect cases of personal pronouns have a different basis, different from the form of the nominative case.

	1st person pronouns	Pronouns 2 persons	Pronouns3 persons
and.	I, you	We you	He (it), she, they
R.	me, you	us, you	Him, her, them
d.	me, you	Us, you	Him, her, them
in.	me, you	us, you	Him, her, them
t.	By me(s), by you (-YU)	us, you	To them, to her, to them
P.	(About) me, (About) you	(About) us, (About) you	(O) him, (about) her, (about) them

Pronouns I, you can represent either a male or female person. Wed: I'm almost happy.— I'm almost happy. You got angry.— You got angry.

Pronouns he, it, she, they, used with prepositions, can get the initial n (from him, to her, with them, with him, but: thanks to him, towards her, in spite of them).

2. Reflexive pronoun myself does not have a nominative form; it only changes in oblique cases, following the model of a pronoun you:

	reflexive pronoun
AND.
R.
d.
in.
t.	by myself
P.

3. Possessive pronouns mine, yours, ours, yours, yours, index that one, this one, interrogative and relative which, which, whose, defining most, himself, all, everyone, other have generic and plural forms and are declined according to separate patterns of adjective declension.

		feminine pronouns
AND.	mine, this one; mine, this	mine, this	mine, these
R.	mine, this	mine, this	mine, these
d.	mine, this	mine, this	mine, this
in.	mine, this one; mine, this is mine, this	mine, this	Mine, these Mine, these
t.	mine, this	My (th), this (th)	mine, these
P.	(0) mine, (about) this	(0) mine, (about) this	(0) mine, (about) these

It is necessary to distinguish between the declension of pronouns most and myself.

	Pronouns masculine and neuter	Feminine pronouns	Plural Pronouns
AND.	The most (the most), myself (the most)	The most, herself	The most, themselves
R.	Himself	by myself, by myself	The most, themselves
d.	Himself	by myself, by myself	By the most, by ourselves
in.	The most (most), himself (samb) Himself, most	most, myself	The most, themselves The most, themselves
t.	By the most, by ourselves	The most (th), the most (th)	By the most, by ourselves
P.	(0) itself, (about) itself	(0) most, (o) most	(0) the most, (about) themselves

Pronoun all (all, all, all) has special forms in the instrumental singular masculine and neuter and in all plural forms:

	Pronouns masculine and neuter	Feminine pronouns	Plural Pronouns
AND.	All (everything)
R.
d.
in.	All (all) Total
t.
P.	(About everything	(Both) all	(both) all

4. Interrogative and relative pronouns who and what and negative pronouns nobody, nothing form when declining the form from other bases:

AND.	Who, what, nobody, nothing
R.	Who, what, no one, nothing
D-	Who, what, nobody, nothing
in.	Who, what, nobody
t.	Who, than, nobody, nothing
P.	(0) com, (about) what, about no one, about nothing

5. Negative pronouns nobody, nothing do not have nominative case forms, and in oblique cases they are declined according to the given pattern:

AND.
R.	Nobody, nothing
d.	Nobody, nothing
in.	no one
t.	Nobody, nothing
P.	Not about anyone, not about anything

6. Indefinite pronouns someone (someone, somebody)something), something (something, anything), some (any, some), someone (someone, someone) and others are declined according to the pattern of the corresponding interrogative pronouns.

7. Indefinite pronoun some in some cases it has variant forms.

	Pronouns masculine and neuter	feminine pronouns	Plural Pronouns
AND.	Some (some)	Some	Some
R.	Some	Some and some	Some and some
D-	To some	Some and some	Some and some
in.	Some (some) and some	Some	Some Some and some
t.	Some and some	Some (yu)	Some and some
P.	(Oh) some	(o) some and (o) some	(o) some and (o) some

8. Pronouns such as, someone, something do not bow.

The term pronoun is applied to a wide range of words, united by a common function of indicating an object or feature. Pronouns are divided into personal, reflexive, possessive, interrogative-relative, demonstrative, attributive, negative and indefinite.
In each of the selected categories, words with different grammatical features are combined, words that are inflected and invariable (pronominal adverbs). Inflected pronouns, except I, you, we, you(see Table No. 00), do not have their own inflection system: they are declined according to the type of nouns or adjectives.

Personal pronouns
Personal pronouns are me, we(first person), you you(second person) he (she, it - they); third person. For places. me, you, we and you characterized by the formation of pads. forms from different bases. V.p. personal places. always coincides with R.p.

Table No. 37.
singular plural
I you we you
AND. I you we you
R. me-i you-i n-as v-as
D. m-e you n-am v-am
AT. me-i you-i n-as v-as
Tv. many (-oy) tob-oy (-oy) n-ami in-ami
Etc. (both) mn-e (o) you-e (o) n-as (o) v-as

Table No. 38.
Singular Plural
Masculine Neuter Feminine
AND. he he-oh he-a he-and
R. his her theirs
D. him her them
AT. his her theirs
Tv. them to them
Etc. (about) him (about) her (about) them

Pronouns 3 l. decline according to the mixed declension of adjectives (see Table No. 25). Forms of indirect cases units. and many others. hours are formed from the base on j (yot) (yot merges with the ending vowel); when used with a preposition, the so-called. prepositional forms with initial "n": from him, to her, with him, between them, about him, with her, about them.

reflexive pronoun
There is no nominative case. Indirect cases are formed according to the model of the pronoun you when alternating bases seb-, sob-. V.p. coincides with R.p.

Table No. 39.
AND. -
R. myself
D. self-e
AT. myself
Tv. sob-oh (-oh)
Etc. (About Me

According to its function, phraseologism is adjacent to the reflexive pronoun each other with reciprocal value. Im.p. no, R.p. each other; D.p. each other, V.p. each other, Tv.p. each other, Ex. about each other, about each other.

Possessive pronouns
The possessive pronouns are mine, yours, ours, yours, simple. theirs and indeclinable him, her, them.

Table No. 40.
Singular
masculine
AND. my yours
R. my-his-his-his-his
D. my-him yours-his-him
B. mine yours
or
my-his-his-his-his
Tv. my-im yours-im theirs
Neuter gender
I. my-yo-yo-yo-yo
R. my-his-his-his-his
D. my-him yours-his-him
V. my-yo-yo-your-yo
Tv. my-im yours-im theirs
Etc. (o) mine (o) yours (o) mine
Feminine
AND. my-I am yours-I am my-I
R. so-her yours
D. my-her your-her own
AT. my
Tv. my-her (-her) your-her (-her) your-her (-her)
Etc. (oh) my-her (oh) your-her (oh) my-her
Plural
AND. my-and yours-and my-and
R. my-their your-their-their
D. my-im yours-im theirs
R. my-and yours-and my-and
or
my-their your-their-their
Tv. my-them your-them their-them
Etc. (o) my-them (o) your-them (o) your-them

Possessive pronouns my, yours, mine decline according to the mixed declension of adjectives (see Table No. 28). Pronouns ours, yours form the forms R., D., Tv. and Ex. units and many others. h. according to the type of declension of adjectives with a sibilant stem (see Table No. 23): Sing. h. R. our-his, your-his; our-her, your-her; D. ours to him, yours to him; our-her, your-her; Tv. our-them, your-them; our-her (-her), your-her (-her); Etc. (o) our-em, (o) your-em; (o) our-her, (o) your-her; Mn. h. Im. our-and, your-and; R. our-them, your-them; D. our-them, your-them; Tv. our-them, your-them; Etc. (o) our-them, (o) your-them.

Interrogative-relative pronouns
Interrogative-relative pronouns are who, what, which, which, which, whose and inflexible pronoun what. Pronouns who and what do not have plural forms. h. In Im.p. pronoun stem who-who-, pronouns what-th-. Forms of indirect cases, except for V.p. pronouns what, are formed from the bases to-(at who) and h-(at what). In Tv.p. who and what have an ending -eat (by whom, by what).

Table No. 41.
who what
AND. who what
R. w-h-his
D. to whom; to what
AT. w-th-o
Tv. w-w-w-eat
Etc. (About who about what

Pronouns which and which decline according to the solid variety of adjective declension (see Table No. 21). Pronoun which g, k, x(see table No. 24). Pronoun whose (whose, whose, whose) - according to the mixed declension of adjectives (type shark's, see tab. No. 25). Unit h: R. whose, whose; D. whose, whose; Tv. whose, whose; Etc. (oh) whose, (oh) whose. Mn. h: R. whose; D. whose; Tv. whose; Etc. about whose.

Demonstrative pronouns
Demonstrative pronouns are this, that, such, such, this, demonstrative such, such, such and indeclinable demonstrative pronoun is.

Table No. 42.
Singular
masculine neuter gender
AND. this one this one this-o t-o si-yo
R. t-th t-th t-th t-th
D. this t-th with-him this-th t-th with-him
AT. this one this one this one
or
this
Tv. t-im t-em with-im t-im t-em with-im
Etc. (about) this (about) th (about) with (about) this (about) th (about) with
Feminine
AND. t-a t-a si-i
R. th-oh t-oh s-her
D. th-oh t-oh s-her
AT. t-at t-at si-yu
Tv. this-oh (-oy) t-oy (-oy) with-her (-oy)
Etc. (about) this-oh (about) th-oh (about) with-her
Plural
AND. et-and t-e si-and
R. t-their t-ex s-them
D. t-im t-em s-im
AT. et-and t-e si-and
or
t-their t-ex s-them
Tv. t-em t-em with-them
Etc. (o) et-them (o) t-ex (o) s-them

Pronoun this consistently inclined according to mixed declination (see Table No. 25); that in TV. p. units h has an ending -eat(but not -them), in pl. h. - in Im. P. -e, in R., D., TV. and Ex. -eh, -em, -emi; this is based on them. and V.p. j (yot): this, si-yo, si-ya; si-yu; other forms form from the base with-(see table No. 42). Pronoun such declines according to the solid variety of adjective declension (see Table No. 21), and such, such, such and kind of- modeled on the declension of adjectives with a base on g, k, x(see table No. 24); Unit h. such, such; ecogo, ecomu; such, such; Mn. h. such, such; such, such, such, such.

Definitive pronouns
The definitive pronouns are himself, the most, all, everyone, everyone, everyone. Pronoun by himself, by himself, by himself inflected in mixed declension adj. (see table No. 25); pronoun all, all, all - all declines in mixed declination, differing from the accepted sample in Tv.p. units h, ending -eat and a system of plural endings.

Table No. 43.
Singular
masculine neuter gender
AND. all by myself" all
R. all-its-its-its-its-its
D. to-him-to-him-to-himself
AT. all by myself" all
or
himself
Tv. himself-im all-am himself-im all-am
Etc. (o) self-ohm (both) all
Feminine
AND. myself
R. himself-oh sun-her
D. himself-oh sun-her
AT. by myself, by myself
Tv. himself-oh (-ow) sun-her (-ow)
Etc. (o) self-oh (both) sun-her
Plural
AND. himself and everything
R. himself-their sun-ex
D. himself-im all-eat
AT. himself and everything
or
himself-their sun-ex
Tv. himself-them all-emi
Etc. (o) self-them (both) sun-ex

Pronouns most and everyone are declined according to the hard variety of adjective declension. In the Russian literary language of the 19th century. and the first half of the 20th century. indirect cases of pronouns myself and most coincided, and in Im.p. variant forms were possible myself and the most, just and most, herself and the most; in V.p., except for forms herself and most, also used most(or herself). Pronouns any and all kinds are declined like adjectives with stems on g, k, x(see table No. 24).

Negative pronouns
Negative pronouns include places formed from interrogatives with the help of prefixes neither and not: no one, nothing, no one, none, none(colloquial); not" who, not" what.
Declension of negative places. with components who and what follows the declension pattern of these interrogative pronouns (see Table No. 41); for places with a component who V.p. coincides with R., and with the component what V.p. coincides with Him. n. Pronouns not" whom and not" what do not have the form Im.p. Forms of indirect cases are formed according to the pattern of pronoun declension who and what: R. nobody, nothing; D. nobody, nothing; Tv. nobody, nothing; Etc. not about anyone, not about anything.
Pronouns no and none decline according to the pattern of adjectives of the solid variety (see tables Nos. 21, 24). Pronoun nobody's- mixed declination: draw, draw; no one, no one(see table No. 25).
In oblique cases of negative pronouns nobody, nothing, no one, nothing, none and nobody's preposition position after negation; e.g. No one to try; No one to be friends with; Nothing to talk about; Don't ask anything; No sister had; Didn't date any student; There was no talk of any meetings; Haven't been to any of the houses.

Indefinite pronouns
Indefinite pronouns include the words: someone, something, some, as well as pronouns formed from interrogatives using the component something, postfixes - something, either and - someday: someone, something, some; someone's; anyone, anything; any, anyone; somebody, something, anyone, anybody; someone, something, somebody, something.
Pronouns someone and something do not bow. Pronoun some inflected according to the pattern of solid adjectives (see Table No. 00). All pronouns with components who, what, what, whose in the first or second part of the addition, they decline according to the pattern of these pronouns. Pronoun some under the influence of declination obsolete. pronouns coy has in units and pl. variable forms (see the dictionary entry for this word).
In indirect cases of indefinite pronouns with a component something the preposition can stand between the parts of the addition: some without whom, some to whom, some to whom; for something, for something, for something. In conjunction with something (some, some) setting a preposition is possible as after something, and before it: with some order; in some house and - less often - some with some assignment, some in some house.

Topic on the subject of Russian as a foreign language

AT pronoun declension individual discharges there is a wide variety of types and forms, as well as cases of the formation of forms from different bases.

1. Declination personal pronouns I , you; we you; he (it, she), they.

Forms of indirect cases of personal pronouns have a different basis, different from the form of the nominative case.
I, you We, you He (it), she, they
R. Me, you Us, you His, her, them
e. Me, you, Us, you, Him, her, them
in. Me, you Us, you His, her, them
t. Me (s), you (s) Us, you Him, her (her), them
(About) me, (About) you (About) us, (About) you (About) him, (About) her, (About) them

The pronouns I, you can denote both a male and a female person. Wed: I'm almost happy. - I'm almost happy. You got angry. - You're angry.

The pronouns he, it, she, they, used with prepositions, can receive the initial n (from him, to her, with them, with him, but: thanks to him, towards her, contrary to them).

2.reflexive pronoun itself does not have a nominative form; it changes only in indirect cases, following the pattern of the pronoun you:
reflexive pronoun
AND. -
R. Myself
e. to yourself
in. Myself
t. By myself (-oy)
by oneself

3. Possessive pronouns my, yours, ours, yours, yours, demonstratives that, this, such, interrogative and relative which, which, whose, definitives most, himself, all, everyone, other have generic and plural forms and are declined according to separate patterns of adjective declension . Masculine and neuter pronouns Feminine pronouns Plural pronouns
I. Mine, this one; mine, this is mine, this mine, these
R. Mine, this Mine, this Mine, these
e. My, this Mine, this Mine, this
in. mine, this one; mine, this is mine, this is mine, this is mine, these are mine, these
t. Mine, this Mine (th), this (th) Mine, these
p. (0) mine, (about) this (0) mine, (about) this (0) mine, (about) these

My house
of my house
my house
my house
my home
about my house

It is necessary to distinguish between the declension of pronouns the most and himself.
I. Most (most), himself (self) Most, herself Most, themselves
R. The most The most, the most, themselves
e. By himself, by himself, by himself
c. The most (most), himself (samb) Himself, the very Most, the very Most, themselves The most, themselves
t. By the most, by the very (s), the most (s) by the most, by themselves
n. (0) most, (about) most (0) most, (about) most (0) most, (about) themselves

Pronoun all (everything, all, all) has special forms in the instrumental singular masculine and neuter and in all plural forms:
Pronouns masculine and neuter
feminine pronouns
Plural Pronouns
I. All (all) All All
R. Total All All
e. All All All
in. All (all) All All All All
t. All All All
n. (About) everything (About) all (About) all

4. Interrogative and relative pronounswho and what and negative pronouns nobody, nothing form when declining the form from other bases:
I. Who, what, nobody, nothing
R. Who, what, no one, nothing
D- Who, what, nobody, nothing
in. Who, what, nobody
t. Whom, than, nobody, nothing
n. (0) com, (about) what, about no one, about nothing

5. Negative pronouns nobody, nothing do not have nominative case forms, and in oblique cases they are inclined according to the given model: I.
and. -
R. Nobody, nothing
e. No one, nothing
in. no one
t. No one, nothing
n. Not about anyone, not about anything

6. Indefinite pronouns someone (someone, anyone), something (something, anything), some (any, some), someone (someone, someone) ) and others are declined according to the pattern of the corresponding interrogative pronouns.

7. Indefinite pronoun some in some cases it has variant forms. Masculine and neuter pronouns Feminine pronouns Plural pronouns
I. Some (some) Some Some
R. Some and some Some and some
D- To some Some and some Some and some
in. Some (some) and some Some some Some some and some
t. Some and some Some (s) Some and some
n. (O) some (O) some and (o) some (O) some and (o) some

8.Pronouns such as, someone, something are not inclined.

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The declension of personal pronouns is the most diverse. The declension of the personal pronouns I, you and the reflexive self (which does not have a nominative case, because it is always an object) is similar to different substantive words. When declining the pronouns I and we, there is a change in the stems in indirect cases (suppletiveness): I - me, me. There are two forms in the instrumental case: me and me. The first one is more common. However, in poetic speech, the use of both forms is observed.
Personal pronouns he, she, it, they, interrogative who, what, indefinite someone, something and others, defining everything in the objective meaning: “I thank you for everything, for everything” (L.), demonstrative then, this is also used in a subjective sense: “That was in early spring” (A. T.). When forming forms of indirect cases, the endings of different declensions of adjectives are used: -his (compare: blue), -nu (compare: daddy). Only two forms have no correspondence in the declension of adjectives: ee is the form of the genitive and accusative cases of the pronoun she; by whom, by what, by that, by everyone - forms of the instrumental case of pronouns who, what, everything, then (adjectives have a different ending, cf.: blue, rich).
The pronouns he, she, it, they form forms of indirect cases from different stems, depending on the prepositional or non-prepositional use of the pronoun. If the pronoun is used without a preposition, then the ending is added to the stem j: j-his, j-her; if the case form is combined with a preposition, then the ending is added to the stem n ': to it.
The possessive pronouns my, yours, mine are inclined like the adjective blue, and the pronouns ours, yours are in the image of the elder. In the accusative plural (and for the masculine and in the singular) all possessive pronouns have two forms: one - to indicate nouns denoting animate objects (mine, yours), others to indicate nouns denoting inanimate objects (mine, yours): He met his relatives. – He saw his books. The double forms for the demonstrative pronouns this and that are also used.
Pronouns which, which are declined as adjectives: which is like old, which is like factory. Pronouns how much, so much decline according to the model of collective numerals: how many (cf. five), how many (cf. three). The peculiarities of the declension of the pronoun how much include the fact that in the nominative and accusative cases it, like numerals, controls the case, i.e. requires a specific case after itself, namely the genitive plural, for example: How many windows are there in the house?
The indefinite pronoun someone has only the form of the nominative case, in a sentence it is always the subject or part of the predicate: Someone came; It was a certain Sidorov. The pronoun something has the form only of the nominative and accusative cases: Something important has happened; We heard something interesting.
Negative pronouns of nobody, nothing, like the reflexive self, are used only in the form of indirect cases.