Distribution of the land fund by land categories. Distribution of the land fund by land
The area of non-agricultural land in the structure of agricultural land amounted to 169.0 thousand hectares (9.1% of the category). These are lands under buildings, structures, on-farm roads, forest plantations, surface water bodies, as well as land plots intended for servicing agricultural production. A large proportion of non-agricultural land (4.6%) is occupied by forest areas that are not included in the forest fund.
As of January 1, 2013, the share of agricultural land in 16 out of 25 districts of the republic in the composition of agricultural land was more than 90%. The largest amount of agricultural land is observed within the administrative boundaries of the Sarapul region (115.9 thousand hectares), in the circulation of agricultural enterprises is 99.9 thousand hectares of agricultural land, including 80.3 thousand hectares of arable land.
Lands of settlements
In accordance with the current legislation, lands of settlements are recognized as lands used and intended for the construction and development of settlements. Statistical information about the lands of settlements is formed on the basis of previously taken into account information from the state land cadastre. The basis for making changes to the statistical accounting of category lands in 2012 was the decrees of the Government of the Udmurt Republic on the inclusion of land plots in the boundaries of settlements in order to expand them.
As of January 1, 2013, the area of land classified as land of settlements in the Udmurt Republic as a whole amounted to 202.7 thousand hectares, or 4.8% of all land within the administrative boundaries of the republic.
The land area of urban settlements for the previous year amounted to 64.4 thousand hectares (31.8% of the category). Five cities of the republic, one city of regional subordination are classified as urban settlements. In connection with the change in the status of urban settlements - the workers' settlements of Balezino, Igra, Uva and Novy in the Votkinsky district to the status of rural settlements, there was a decrease in the total area of urban settlements by 5.2 thousand hectares and, accordingly, an increase in rural settlements.
The land area of rural settlements amounted to 138.3 thousand hectares (68.2% of the category). In 2012, the total land area of settlements increased by 0.7 thousand hectares due to the transfer of land from the category of agricultural land to expand the boundaries of settlements. In the Zavyalovsky district, within the boundaries of settlements: with. Zavyalovo, the village of Kuregovo, the village of Khokhryaki, the village of Kamennoye, with. Pervomaisky, the village of Starye Keny, the village of Doksha, the village of Sepych included 523 ha; the land area of settlements in Balezinsky (by 54 hectares), Votkinsky (by 56 hectares), Grakhovsky, Malopurginsky and Yakshur-Bodyinsky districts also increased.
In turn, 42 hectares in the Kiznersky district, by the decision of the State Council of the Udmurt Republic, the village of Lyshtanka was abolished, the lands were transferred to the regional land redistribution fund.
The composition of lands classified as lands of settlements includes both agricultural and non-agricultural lands. The largest area of rural settlements is observed in the Zavyalovsky district of the republic (15.3 thousand hectares).
Lands of industry, energy, transport, communications, radio broadcasting, television, informatics, land for space activities, land for defense, security and land for other special purposes
This category includes lands that are located outside the boundaries of settlements, are used or intended to support the activities of organizations and enterprises of industry and other special purposes. The total area of land in this category as of January 1, 2013 amounted to 38.5 thousand hectares or 0.9% of all land within the administrative boundaries of the republic. The lands of industry and other special purposes, depending on the nature of the special tasks, are divided into seven groups. Of the seven groups in the Udmurt Republic, six groups are represented:
industrial lands; out of 5.9 thousand hectares of industrial land, the largest share of land in this group is in Yakshur-Bodyinsky (22.8% of the group) and Igrinsky (21.1%) districts;
energy lands (0.1 thousand ha);
transport land, including railway, road and pipeline;
out of 8.6 thousand hectares, the largest share of railway transport land is in the Malopurginsky district (12.8% of the group) and 8.1% each in three districts - Balezinsky, Zavyalovsky and Yarsky;
out of 15.2 thousand hectares, 10.5% and 6.5% each are occupied by road transport lands in Zavyalovsky and Mozhginsky districts, respectively;
lands of communication, broadcasting, television, informatics (0.1 thousand ha);
defense and security lands, out of 4.7 thousand hectares of this group of lands, 51.1% of the lands are located in the Kambarsky district;
lands for other special purposes, out of 3.5 thousand hectares of this group of lands, the largest share (41.2%) is in the Zavyalovsky district.
- 253 hectares at the expense of agricultural land, land was allocated for the construction and expansion of the territory of both existing enterprises of industry, transport, communications, and were provided to eighteen newly formed industrial enterprises on an area of 82 hectares in Balezinsky, Votkinsky, Igrinsky, Zavyalovsky, Kambarsky, Kiznersky , Mozhginsky, Sarapulsky and Yakshur-Bodyinsky districts.
5 hectares at the expense of reserve lands in the Kambarsky district and provided for permanent (unlimited) use for the operation of a public highway, which is on the balance sheet of the Ministry of Transport and Roads of the Udmurt Republic.
In turn, from the lands of industry translated:
In the lands of specially protected territories and objects of 6 hectares in the Uvinsky district (a land plot previously owned on the right of permanent (unlimited) use by the industrial enterprise OJSC Hydrostroitel was given to Trefilov D.V. for the construction of a recreation center and a pond);
In the land of settlements 13 hectares (in the Glazovsky district, the location of the Sarapulskaya KECh was specified, the lands of which are taken into account within the boundaries of the Chazhaysky forest area).
The structure of lands included in this category is dominated by lands under roads (57.9% of the category). Agricultural land covers an area of 2.2 thousand hectares (5.7%), of which 1.5 thousand hectares are lands located in the right of way of the railways. These lands are also provided in the form of service plots for gardening and grazing.
Diagram 1 shows the structure of this category of land.
State land fund as an object of management
The land fund as an object of management is characterized by the following indicators:
Distribution of land by purpose (categories);
Distribution of land by types and forms of ownership;
Distribution by land ownership, land use and land plots;
Classification of land by land.
The most important form of organizing the use of the State Land Fund is the distribution of land by category. It is carried out on the basis of zoning the territory and determining the dominant factors of the productive potential of the land. At the same time, each land plot belongs to one of the categories, thereby determining the goals, objectives and legal regime of its economic use.
The land legislation provides for the following categories of land.
1. Agricultural land
2. Lands of settlements.
3. Lands of industry, transport, communications and other special purposes.
4. Lands of specially protected territories and objects.
5. Lands of the forest fund.
6. Lands of the water fund.
7. Reserve land.
Composition of the land fund and land categories
Land within state borders (including occupied by water) constitutes the territorial basis of the sovereignty of the state and forms its land fund. This fund is divided into lands for various purposes, distributed among landowners and land users. In various fields of activity, lands are used in different ways, therefore, the land fund is divided into categories of lands, which are distinguished according to two criteria: the main intended purpose, and the legal regime of use and protection.
Special purpose - this is the procedure, conditions and limits for the use of land for specific purposes established by law.
In accordance with the land legislation of the Russian Federation, all lands of the country are divided into 7 categories according to the main purpose, each of which has a certain legal regime of use and protection.
Agricultural land- these are lands beyond the boundaries of settlements, provided for the needs of agriculture, as well as intended for these purposes. This is the main means of production of food, feed for livestock, organic raw materials. Such lands are subject to protection in order to preserve their area, prevent negative processes and improve soil fertility, and occupy an important place in the country's land fund.
Agricultural lands, lands occupied by on-farm roads, communications, trees and shrubs are allocated as part of agricultural land.
Agricultural land is provided to agricultural enterprises, organizations for agricultural production, research and educational purposes, as well as to citizens for running a peasant (farm) economy, personal subsidiary farming, gardening, gardening, animal husbandry, haymaking and grazing.
Distribution of the land fund of the Russian Federation by categories of land protection from the impact of negative (harmful) natural, anthropogenic and man-made phenomena, closed water bodies, as well as buildings, structures, structures used for the production, storage and primary processing of agricultural products.
The lands of this category are the main means of agricultural production (the main means of producing food, feed for livestock, raw materials), have a special legal regime and are subject to special protection aimed at preserving fertility, area, and preventing their degradation.
The structure of agricultural land depends on zonal features and has significant differences in economic regions.
Lands of settlements- these are lands used and intended for the construction and development of urban and rural settlements and separated by their line from lands of other categories. The main purpose of such lands is to serve the needs of settlements; they are under the jurisdiction of the respective administrations.
The area of land in this category is decreasing as a result of the ongoing work on delimitation of land in accordance with the law (exclusion from the composition of the lands of the NP plots under the jurisdiction of urban and rural administrations and located outside the boundaries of settlements). The current trends were also influenced by the work to clarify the boundaries of urban and rural settlements.
In the land structure of the NP, agricultural land dominates 8.9 million hectares - 47.8%, and development land makes up only 3.1 million hectares - 16.6%.
Cities and urban settlements occupy 7.7 million hectares (41.4% of the land area of the NP). About 31% of their territory is occupied by buildings. Agricultural land makes up 21%.
More than half of the territory of rural settlements is occupied by agricultural land. Built-up land accounts for 21.1%.
The Land Code of the Russian Federation (Article 85) establishes that the lands of settlements include the following territorial zones:
social and business;
production;
engineering and transport infrastructures;
recreational;
agricultural use;
special purpose;
military installations;
other territorial zones.
In accordance with current legislation lands of settlements lands used and intended for construction and development of settlements are recognized. The boundaries of urban and rural settlements separate the lands of settlements from lands of other categories.
The composition of the lands of settlements includes both agricultural and non-agricultural lands. At present, the forest area category includes forested land plots, their area is 1.9 million hectares. In accordance with the newly adopted Forest Code of the Russian Federation, forest management in the territories of cities and towns should be carried out as part of forest areas and forest parks.
Lands of industry, transport, communications, broadcasting, television, informatics, space support, energy, defense and other purposes. This category includes lands that are located outside the boundaries of settlements and are used or intended to ensure the activities of organizations and (or) the operation of industrial facilities, energy, transport, communications, radio broadcasting, television, computer science, facilities for space activities, defense and security facilities, the implementation of other special tasks and the rights to which the participants in land relations have arisen on the grounds provided for by this Code, federal laws and laws of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Their fertility is not essential, only their geological and architectural and planning qualities are important. The reduction in the area of lands of this category by 0.2 million hectares occurred over the past year as a result of the return to the forest fund of lands used by industrial enterprises, the withdrawal and transfer to the reserve of lands of liquidated enterprises, worked-out and reclaimed lands, the allocation of lands to horticultural associations, for tourist bases and their transfer to agricultural land and recreation.
To water fund lands lands include:
1) covered with surface waters concentrated in water bodies;
2) occupied by hydraulic and other structures located on water bodies.
The lands of the water fund can be used for the construction and operation of structures that meet the needs of the population in drinking water, household and other needs of the population, as well as for water management, agricultural, environmental, industrial, fisheries, energy, transport and other needs. The reason for the increase in the area of lands of this category was the transfer of lands occupied by large reservoirs, water bodies, swamps from the category of reserve lands to the water fund.
These include lands that have a special environmental, scientific, historical, cultural, aesthetic, recreational, health and other valuable value, where natural complexes and objects of special environmental, scientific, cultural, aesthetic and health value are located. These include state nature reserves, national and natural parks, state nature reserves, natural monuments, dendrological parks, botanical gardens, health-improving areas and resorts.
About half of the land area of this category is occupied by forests and shrubs. For lands of this category, a special protection regime has been established.
To forest fund lands include forest (lands covered with forest vegetation and not covered with it, but intended for its restoration - clearings, burnt areas, sparse areas, clearings, etc.) and non-forest lands intended for forestry (clearings, roads, swamps, etc.). In recent years, there has been a tendency to increase the area of the forest fund by transferring forest areas used by agricultural enterprises, returning forest fund lands provided for the needs of industry, changing the boundaries of settlements and including forest areas previously located on the territory of settlements into the category of forest land. fund.
reserve lands- these are lands that are in state or municipal ownership and not provided to citizens and legal entities, with the exception of lands of the redistribution fund. The country's land fund consists of land holdings and land uses. The use of reserve lands is allowed after their transfer to another category.
In land management terms land tenure and land use usually used in the sense of a land management object - a piece of land that has territorial boundaries fixed in kind by boundary marks, and a certain legal status established by land legislation on the basis of documents issued by state bodies for land resources and land management.
Thus, land use- a land plot, a part of the surface of the earth, having an area, fixed boundaries and other characteristics reflected in the documents of the land cadastre and state registration, owned, possessed, used or leased. The legal status of this land plot includes the designated purpose, permitted use and form of legal possession. All characteristics of land ownership and land use (land plot) are reflected in the land cadastre and state registration documents. The boundaries of land ownership and land use are fixed on the drawings and transferred to nature. The boundary of land ownership or land use is a closed line precisely established on the ground by technical means, which represents the territorial limit of the rights to use the land of the owner, owner, user, tenant.
The total area of industrial land as of 01.07.2008 is 61.6 thousand ha, of which the transport land has the largest share - 37.7 thousand ha, or 61.2% of the total area.
To lands of specially protected territories include lands of special environmental, scientific, historical and cultural, aesthetic, recreational and other valuable value. In order to preserve them, they are withdrawn in whole or in part from economic use or civil circulation. According to state records, as of July 1, 2008, their area is 7.8 thousand hectares, while reserves and parks account for 6.0 thousand hectares, or 76.9% of the total area.
More than half of the area of the region is lands of the forest fund -6344.5 thousand hectares, which include forest (6099.6 thousand hectares), which is 96.1% of the total area of the category and non-forest (244.9 thousand hectares) lands, the share of which is 3.9% of the total area of the category.
The lands of the water fund include territories occupied by water bodies, lands of water protection zones of water bodies, as well as lands allocated for the establishment of right-of-way and protection zones of water intakes, hydraulic structures and other water management structures and an object. The share of lands of this category in the region is insignificant.
Citizens own 2295.4 thousand hectares, which is 19.1% of the total area of the region, legal entities own 157.1 thousand hectares, or 1.3% of the region's territory. 9584.9 thousand hectares, or 79.6% of the land, are in state and municipal ownership. In 2007, there was a decrease (by 71.4 thousand hectares) of agricultural land owned by citizens, which is mainly explained by the purchase of land shares by legal entities from the owners of land shares.
As a result of the implementation of the priority national project "Accelerated development of the agro-industrial complex", large agricultural producers participating in the project form a collateral base for obtaining loans and increase the land fund of enterprises to create a sufficient forage base. Of the total purchased area (72 thousand hectares), 12.9 thousand hectares are registered as a share in the common ownership of land by legal entities and 59.1 thousand hectares are registered after the procedure for the formation of land plots and registration of ownership of a legal entity to land plots.
In 2007, the process of delimitation of state ownership of land continued. During the year, 2.0 thousand hectares of land were registered in the ownership of the Russian Federation, including 0.6 thousand hectares in the category of agricultural land; 0.7 thousand hectares in the category of land of settlements (under objects of public and business development - 0.2 thousand hectares, under industrial facilities - 0.1 thousand hectares and objects of railway transport 0.4 thousand hectares); and 0.7 thousand hectares - in the category of land for industry and other special purposes, including 0.1 thousand hectares of land for railway transport and 0.6 thousand hectares for defense and security.
The rights to 290 land plots with a total area of 1.2 thousand hectares, located on the lands of settlements under real estate objects owned by the region, are registered in the regional property.
The total area of land plots registered as municipal property in 2007 amounted to 0.3 thousand hectares, including 0.1 thousand hectares in the category of agricultural land (refusals to use land owned by individuals in a judicial order and registration of municipal property rights to these land plots) and 0.2 thousand hectares - in the category of land of settlements.
In order to effectively use the region's land resources, ensure conditions for involving land in economic circulation while maintaining favorable conditions for human life, limiting the negative impact of economic activity on the environment and ensuring the protection and rational use of the region's natural resources, the Government of the region has organized and is working to ensure a systematic approach to management of land resources through the development, in accordance with the federal laws of the Russian Federation, of the regulatory framework of the region, which provides for the exercise of the powers of the subject of the Russian Federation in the field of land relations, including:
To provide agricultural producers with land plots formed as a result of the formation of land plots at the expense of unclaimed shares, as well as those acquired as a result of the exercise of the right of priority purchase of land plots from the composition of agricultural land;
To provide citizens and legal entities with land plots for housing construction, including at the expense of federally owned land plots;
On the development of up-to-date digital planning and cartographic materials of the Kirov region and the introduction of new technologies in the work on the formation of the state land cadastre.
Distribution of lands by lands and forms of ownership
Land lands are the main element of the state accounting of land and are divided into agricultural and non-agricultural lands. As of January 1, 2008, the area of agricultural land in all categories of land amounted to 220.6 million hectares (12.9% of the land fund), non-agricultural land - 1489.2 million hectares (87.1%). In the structure of agricultural land, the area of arable land amounted to 121.6 million hectares, fallow land - 5.1 million hectares, perennial plantations - 1.8 million hectares, hayfields - 24.0 million hectares, pastures - 68.1 million hectares (Fig. 3.5). The main users of agricultural land are agricultural enterprises, organizations, as well as citizens engaged in the production of agricultural products, which by the beginning of 2008 used 190.5 million hectares, or 86.4% of all agricultural land available in the Russian Federation. Most of them (67.4%) were used by agricultural enterprises, 32.6% of agricultural land was used by citizens.
With the formation of Russia as an independent state, the new democratic government is developing and implementing a radical economic reform. It is based on the idea of a large-scale denationalization of state property, which means the transfer of state-owned facilities to the ownership of citizens and non-state organizations.
Data on the use of agricultural land by various enterprises, organizations and citizens are presented in the table:
Use of agricultural land by enterprises and organizations
Use of agricultural land by citizens and associations of citizens
For more than 10 years, there has been an annual reduction in the area of agricultural land in the country as a whole, in 2007 it amounted to 64.8 thousand hectares (Table 3.12). During the reporting period, the total area of agricultural land owned by agricultural producers decreased by 46.2 thousand hectares, while the area of arable land decreased by 17.5 thousand hectares. A decrease in the area of agricultural land involved in agricultural turnover was observed in 62 constituent entities of the Russian Federation, including: in the Chita region (87.3 thousand hectares), Krasnoyarsk Territory (45.0 thousand hectares), Orenburg (44.1 thousand ha), Kurgan (41.9 thousand ha), Kemerovo (34.1 thousand ha), Sverdlovsk (32.1 thousand ha) and Ivanovo (29.1 thousand ha) regions, Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug (22.0 thousand ha), Tomsk (21.3 thousand ha) and Vologda (20.7 thousand ha) regions. The share of agricultural land in the total area of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation varies widely and is especially high in the southern regions of the country (Fig. 3.6).
For the period from 1990 to 2007. the area of all agricultural land in the Russian Federation decreased by 1841.3 thousand hectares (Table 3.12). First of all, it should be noted the reduction in the area of arable land, over 18 years it amounted to more than 10 million hectares, and over the past year - 0.4 thousand hectares. 507.9 thousand hectares were in the stage of land reclamation construction and restoration of fertility in the Russian Federation as a whole. The main document regulating the distribution of land resources is the Land Cadastre.
Dynamics of the area of agricultural land within the borders of the Russian Federation for the period from 1990 to 2007, thousand ha
Land Registry - this is the state information infrastructure, a tool for solving the main goals of land relations of the Russian state. These goals can be formulated today:
primary distribution of the land fund of the country (territory) by levels of land ownership, land categories, land owners and land users;
organization of the use of the land fund of the country (territory) to obtain certain benefits of the life support of society (food, clean water and air, wood, minerals, space, and others);
constant support of the movement of the country's land fund between the levels of land ownership (state and private), land categories, land owners, land users;
establishing the rights and their restrictions in the use of the country's land fund, taking into account the interests of society as a whole and each of its members individually;
ensuring the development of land turnover and the market, the system of land payments;
implementation of state control over the use and protection of the land fund of the country.
The land reform gave impetus and created the conditions for the intensive development of the previously not so significant institution of land ownership. The main reason for this development was the emergence in the system of legal property relations of several forms of property rights that replaced the exclusive state ownership of land. The institution of property rights is of particular importance, both in theory and in practice of land law.
An important moment in the development of this institution was the legal recognition of land, in fact, as well as other natural objects, as real estate. As a result, the land was included in the category of objects of civil legal relations.
Recognition of land as immovable property is a formal basis for including the right to own land in the category of property rights and extending to this area the approaches, principles and decisions applied to property ownership relations in general. In particular, the content of the right of ownership of land is the power of possession, use, disposal. All three powers have a clearly expressed physical and legal aspect. In the first case, we are talking about the possibility of the owner - the owner of these powers physically, i.e. by their actions, to exercise possession, use and disposal of a physically separate land plot belonging to him on the right of ownership.
Land and civil legislation proceeds from the principle of limited freedom of action and the discretion of the owner in possession, use and disposal of landed property. This principle is based on the understanding that the right to property exists along with other rights and interests of society, the state, citizens and must be balanced with them. With regard to private property, this principle is enshrined in the Constitution of the Russian Federation, which states: “Ownership, use and disposal of land and other natural resources are carried out by their owners freely, if this does not damage the environment and does not violate the rights and legitimate interests of other persons” .
The current land legislation proceeds from the idea of abandoning the right of exclusive state ownership, which implements the state's monopoly on land, and replacing it with a variety of forms of ownership.
In practice, all three forms of land ownership listed in the Constitution of the Russian Federation are represented:
state,
municipal,
The right of state property means that the powers of possession, use, and disposal belong to the state. The state as a subject of state property rights is represented not by one department, but by a number of different state authorities, between which the powers of ownership are distributed.
Given the federal structure of Russia and the existence of two levels of state power, it is envisaged that the right to state property exists in the form of:
federal property and
property of the subjects of the Russian Federation (subjective).
The right of municipal ownership of land is the authority to own, use, dispose of land plots belonging to the municipality. There are approximately 14.5 thousand municipalities on the territory of the Russian Federation. On behalf of the municipality, the powers of the owner are exercised by local governments (Articles 125, 215 of the Civil Code). In this capacity, local self-government bodies have the right to provide land plots for temporary and permanent possession and use (unlimited) to individuals and legal entities, lease, property of individuals and legal entities, and make other transactions.
The right of private property means that the right to own, use, dispose of land plots or shares in common property belongs to certain specific individuals or legal entities that act as subjects of the right to private ownership of land.
Accordingly, according to the subjects, the right of private property is divided into two types:
right of private property of individuals
the right of private property of legal entities.
Land plots are separated not only physically, i.e. delimited locally, but also legally, i.e. the rights of specific subjects to a given land plot are fixed in documents that have legal force. Today there are two legal definitions of land. In accordance with the Land Code (Article 6) land plot - part of the earth's surface (including the soil layer), the boundaries of which are described and certified in the prescribed manner. Land may be divisible or indivisible. If a land plot is indivisible, then special rules for its privatization and the establishment of other rights apply if buildings and structures belonging to several persons are located on such a plot (Article 36 of the Land Code).
The factors slowing down the process of transferring land from one category to another include the lack of territorial planning documents. During 2007, land transfers from one category to another affected all categories of land, to a greater extent this affected reserve lands and agricultural lands.
Legal regulation of land relations arising in connection with the transfer of lands or land plots as part of such lands from one category to another was carried out in accordance with the Land Code of the Russian Federation, the Federal Law “On the Transfer of Land or Land Plots from One Category to Another”, laws and other regulatory legal acts of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, as well as in accordance with established practice.
Tukbaeva Aigul Aidarovna
1.1. Agricultural land;
1.2. Lands of settlements;
1.3. Lands of industry, energy, transport, communications, broadcasting, television, informatics, land for space activities, defense land, safe land and land for other special purposes;
1.4. Lands of specially protected territories and objects;
1.5. Forest fund lands;
1.6. Water fund lands;
1.7. Reserve lands;
2. Distribution of the land fund by land:
2.1. Agricultural land;
2.2. Lands under water, including swamps;
2.3. Building land;
2.4. Land under roads;
2.5. Forest areas and forest plantations not included in the forest fund;
2.6. Other lands;
3. Land monitoring.
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Preview:
Ministry of Education of the Republic of Bashkortostan
State budget educational institution
secondary vocational education
Ufa College of Statistics, Informatics
and computer technology
(GBOU SPO UKSIVT)
Practical work No. 1
Topic: Distribution of the land fund by land categories
Performed:
Student of group 3z-1
Tukbaeva A.A.
Checked:
Mukminova R.V.
Ufa -2014
Practical work №2
- Agricultural land;
- Lands of settlements;
- Lands of industry, energy, transport, communications, broadcasting, television, informatics, land for space activities, defense land, safe land and land for other special purposes;
- Lands of specially protected territories and objects;
- Forest fund lands;
- Water fund lands;
- Reserve lands;
- Distribution of the land fund by land:
- Agricultural land;
- Lands under water, including swamps;
- Building land;
- Land under roads;
- Forest areas and forest plantations not included in the forest fund;
- Other lands;
- Land monitoring.
- Distribution of the land fund by land categories:
The lands located within the Republic of Bashkortostan constitute the land fund. According to the current legislation and established practice, state registration in the Russian Federation is carried out by categories of land and lands.
During 2013, transfers of land from one category to another affected to a greater extent agricultural land, settlements, industrial land, energy and transport land, communications, radio broadcasting and other special purposes, and forest fund land.
2011 ha | 2012 ha | 2013 ha | 2014 ha | Changes (+/-) | % ratio |
|
Agricultural land destination | 138760 | 138641 | 138641 | 138559 | 80.66 |
|
Lands of settlements | 8821 | 8821 | 8821 | 8892 | 5.18 |
|
Lands of industry, energy, transport, communications, broadcasting and other special purpose | 1192 | 1311 | 1311 | 1322 | 0.77 |
|
Lands of specially protected territories and Objects | 0.004 |
|||||
Lands of the Forest Fund | 18769 | 18769 | 18769 | 18769 | 10.93 |
|
Lands of the water fund | 3665 | 3665 | 3665 | 3665 | 2.13 |
|
reserve lands | 0.32 |
|||||
Total land | 171777 | 171777 | 171777 | 171777 | 100.00 |
Distribution of the land fund of Kushnarenkovsky district by land categories
- Agricultural land
As of January 1, 2014, in the Kushnarenkovsky district, the area of agricultural land was 171,777 hectares. These are lands intended for agricultural purposes and used by agricultural organizations and citizens for the production of agricultural products. This category includes lands granted to various agricultural enterprises and organizations (partnerships and societies, cooperatives, state and municipal unitary enterprises, research institutions). It also includes land plots provided to citizens for running a peasant (farm) economy, personal subsidiary plots, gardening, gardening, animal husbandry, and haymaking. The total area of the land category includes areas occupied by land shares (including unclaimed) and agricultural land owned by citizens. In general, the area of the agricultural land category in the Kushnarenkovsky district decreased by 60,201 hectares compared to the previous year. This happened due to the transfer of lands with an area of 71 hectares to the category of lands of settlements, 130 hectares to the category of industrial and other special purpose lands. Lands of this category, in accordance with the established procedure, were allocated for the expansion of the boundaries of settlements, the construction of new and the expansion of the territories of existing enterprises of industry, transport and communications.
The composition of agricultural land is dominated by agricultural land, the area of which is 133,790 ha (77.9%), of which arable land is 77,056 ha. Forest areas and forest plantations not included in the forest fund amount to 4,860 ha (2.8%). The share of lands occupied by water bodies, roads, buildings and other lands accounts for 13,499 ha or 7.9%.
- Lands of settlements.
The lands of settlements are recognized as lands used and intended for the construction and development of urban and rural settlements and separated by their line from other categories. The area of the land category of settlements is 133,790 hectares of land fund.
The largest share in the land structure of settlements is occupied by agricultural land - 133,790 hectares (77.9%), land under buildings, roads, streets, squares is 37,912 hectares (22.1%).
- Lands of industry, energy, transport, communications, broadcasting, television, informatics, land for space activities, defense, security and other special purpose lands.
This category includes lands that are located outside the boundaries of settlements and are used or intended to ensure the activities of organizations and the operation of industrial facilities, energy, transport, communications, radio broadcasting, television, computer science, facilities for space activities, defense and security facilities, and other special tasks. The total area of land in this category as of January 1, 2014 amounted to 1,322 hectares. The lands of industry and other special purposes, depending on the nature of special tasks, are divided into seven groups, of which 12 are represented in the republic by the following six groups (there are no lands for space activities).
Industrial lands include land plots provided for the placement of administrative and industrial buildings, structures and facilities and facilities serving them, as well as land plots provided to mining and oil and gas enterprises for the development of minerals.
The total area of industrial land was 1,322 hectares.
Energy lands include land plots provided for the placement of hydroelectric power plants and other power plants, overhead power lines, substations, distribution points and other structures and energy facilities. The area of power engineering lands was 160 hectares.
Transport lands include land plots provided to enterprises, institutions and organizations of railway, road, air, pipeline, sea, inland water transport for the implementation of special tasks for the maintenance, construction, reconstruction, repair and development of transport facilities. In general, in the Kushnarenkovsky district, the area of transport land amounted to 413 hectares.
The lands of communication, broadcasting, television, informatics occupied 20 thousand hectares, defense and security - 40 hectares. The area of land for other special purposes, classified in this category, amounted to 339 hectares. It takes into account all infrastructure facilities located outside the boundaries of settlements, such as schools, hospitals, veterinary stations, individual houses, landfills, cemeteries, monasteries, etc. Thus, land plots provided for various purposes, not accounted for in other land categories.
- Lands of specially protected territories and objects.
The lands of specially protected territories and objects include lands that have a special environmental, scientific, historical, cultural, aesthetic, recreational, health and other valuable value.
The category of lands of specially protected territories of nature protection, health-improving, recreational, historical and cultural purposes of the Kushnarenkovsky district occupies 7 hectares or 0.004%. This category includes land plots of specially protected natural areas excluded in the prescribed manner from other land uses.
- Lands of the Forest Fund
In accordance with the current legislation, this category includes forest and non-forest lands. Forest lands are represented by areas covered with forest vegetation, and areas not covered with forest vegetation, but intended for its restoration (cutting areas, burnt areas, areas occupied by nurseries, etc.). Non-forest lands include lands designated for forestry (clearings, roads, etc.). All forests, with the exception of forests located on defense lands and lands of urban and rural settlements, as well as forest fund lands not covered with forest vegetation (forest and non-forest lands), form a forest fund.
As of January 1, 2014, the area of the Forest Fund land category was 18,769 ha. Lands of this category have not changed for 2011-2014.
- Lands of the water fund.
In accordance with the Land Code of the Russian Federation and the Water Code of the Russian Federation, the category of lands of the water fund includes lands occupied by reservoirs, swamps, hydraulic and other water facilities, as well as lands allocated for right of way along the banks of reservoirs, main and inter-farm canals and collectors.
The total area of water fund lands in Kushnarenkovsky district is 3,665 ha or 2.13% of the land fund.
- reserve lands
The category of reserve lands includes lands that are in state or municipal ownership and not provided to citizens or legal entities, with the exception of lands of the land redistribution fund. The area of reserve lands as of January 1, 2014 in the Kushnarenkovsky district is 563 hectares.
- Distribution of the land fund by land.
Land is the main element of the state land registry and is divided into agricultural and non-agricultural land. Agricultural land includes arable land, perennial plantations, hayfields, and pastures. Non-agricultural lands are lands under surface water bodies, including swamps, lands under forests and trees and shrubs, under buildings, roads, disturbed and other lands (ravines, sands, etc.).
The largest share in the land structure of the Kushnarenkovsky district falls on agricultural land, the area of which is 133,790 hectares (% of the territory). Forest areas and forest plantations not included in the forest fund occupy 24,413 ha (%). 4,923 ha (%) are occupied by rivers, reservoirs, lakes, 2,363 ha (%) by swamps, 5,306 ha (%) by roads and buildings. Other lands occupy 771 hectares (%).
Distribution of the land fund by the lands of the Kushnarenkovsky district
- Agricultural grounds.
Agricultural land is land that is systematically used for the production of agricultural products. The main share of agricultural land is concentrated in the category of agricultural land - 171,777 hectares. Significant areas are located on the lands of settlements - 133,790 hectares and 18,769 hectares in the category of forest fund lands.
Distribution of agricultural land by land categories.
The main users of agricultural land are agricultural organizations, as well as citizens engaged in agricultural production.
During 2011-2014, the area of agricultural land in the Kushnarenkovsky district decreased by 201 hectares. The decrease is associated with their provision for industrial and on-farm construction, with the expansion of the boundaries of settlements.
In the structure of agricultural land, arable land accounts for 50% or 77,056 hectares, the area of hayfields is 21,380 hectares, pastures - 34,380 hectares, perennial plantations - 1,133 hectares.
- Lands under water, including swamps
7,286 hectares or 2.13% of the land fund are occupied by water bodies in the Kushnarenkovsky district, of which 4,923 hectares are classified as water resources, and 2,363 hectares are swamps. These are mainly lands occupied by rivers, lakes and reservoirs. Wetlands are a source of water supply for reservoirs and are subject to conservation in their natural state.
For 2011 - 2014, the area of land under water, including swamps in the Kushnarenkovsky district, did not change.
Distribution of lands of the water fund by lands
Name of the land | Area, thousand hectares | |
Lands under water | 4 923 | 61.1 |
Lands under the marshes | 2 363 | 29.3 |
Other lands | ||
Total | 8 057 | 100.0 |
- Development land
The total area of built-up land in the Kushnarenkovsky district at the beginning of 2014 is 1,997 hectares or 1% of the area of all land. It includes the territories under buildings and structures, as well as the territories necessary for their operation and maintenance.
Significant areas of built-up land 1,242 ha or 62% are concentrated in the category of land of settlements. These are mainly residential, public, business and industrial zones.
On agricultural land there are 371 hectares (18.6%) of built-up areas used to accommodate organizations for the processing of agricultural products, livestock farms, machine and tractor parks.
Objects of industry, transport, communications, energy, defense occupy 337 hectares (16.9%) of built-up land.
On the lands of specially protected territories and objects and the forest fund, there are 47 hectares or 2.5% of built-up territories - these are forest cordons and lands occupied by buildings and structures of medical institutions and recreation institutions.
Between 2011 and 2014, the area of built-up areas did not change.
- land under roads
The area of land under roads in the Kushnarenkovsky district as of January 1, 2014 is 3,309 hectares or 2% of the area of all land. These are lands under the lanes of roads and railways, avenues, streets, driveways in cities and other settlements, field and country roads.
In general, the area of roads in Kushnarenkovsky district has not changed.
- Forest areas and forest plantations not included in the forest fund
The area of forests, as well as forest plantations that are not part of the forest fund of the Kushnarenkovsky district, is 24,413 hectares or 14% of the total land fund of the district. At the same time, forest areas occupy 19,553 hectares, forest plantations not included in the forest fund - 4,860 hectares. Forest plantations that are not included in the forest fund are represented by both natural plantations and artificially created field-protective, ravine-beam, roadside protective plantations.
The area of forest lands and forest plantations not included in the forest fund did not change during the reporting year.
Distribution of forest fund lands by lands
Name of the land | Area, thousand hectares | Here |
Agricultural grounds | 133 790 | 77.9 |
forest areas | 19 553 | 11.3 |
Forest plantations not included in the forest fund | 4 860 | |
Lands under water | 4 923 | |
Development land | 1 997 | |
land under roads | 3 309 | |
Lands under the marshes | 2 363 | |
Other lands | ||
Total | 171 566 | 100.0 |
- Other lands
The area of other lands of the Kushnarenkovsky district as of January 1, 2014 amounted to 771 hectares. These lands include waste landfills, quarries - 130 hectares, sands - 109 hectares, ravines - 158 hectares and other lands - 374 hectares.
Compared to 2011, the area of other lands has not changed.
- Land monitoring.
State land monitoring is a part of state environmental monitoring (state environmental monitoring) and is a system of monitoring the state of land. The objects of state monitoring of lands are all lands in the Russian Federation. Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated March 03, 2012 No. 297-r “Fundamentals of the state policy for the use of the land fund of the Russian Federation for 2012-2017” defines the main directions for further development in the field of land management, aimed at improving the efficiency of land use and protection.
One of the main directions of the state policy for the management of the land fund for 2012-2017, in accordance with the decree, is the development of state land monitoring.
In accordance with the Regulations on the implementation of state monitoring of land, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of November 28, 2002 No. 846, as well as Clarifications on the conduct of state monitoring of land by the territorial bodies of Rosreestr (with the exception of agricultural land), employees of the territorial departments of the Office of the Federal State Registration Service, cadastre and cartography for the Republic of Bashkortostan (hereinafter referred to as the Department) in 2013 in the Kushnarenkovsky district, 120 surveys (in 2012 - 98 surveys) of land use were conducted, based on their intended and permitted use.
54 facts of land use not for the intended purpose and permitted use were revealed (in 2012 - 67 violations). First of all, the lands of settlements were surveyed, as well as lands transferred from the category of agricultural land in order to expand the boundaries of settlements for individual housing construction.
The currently most significant group of factors that are intensively changing the category of land, influencing the qualitative characteristics of land resources, is directly related to the diverse human activities.
The condition of the earth is characterized by temperature, humidity, physical structure and chemical composition. Human activity and the functioning of the flora and fauna can improve and worsen the indicators of the state of the earth. The main processes of impact on the land are: irretrievable withdrawal from agricultural activities; temporary withdrawal; mechanical impact; addition of chemical and organic elements; involvement in agricultural activities of additional territories (drainage, irrigation, deforestation, reclamation); heating.
Irrevocable land withdrawal occurs due to industrial and civil construction, laying roads, pipelines and power lines, creating reservoirs, and open mining. The withdrawal of land from the natural complex or the deterioration of its fertility leads to a decrease in vegetation, pollution and a deterioration in the composition of the atmosphere.
The chemicalization of agriculture, which is being carried out at an increasing pace, is far from the last place among the anthropogenic factors affecting soils and the natural environment as a whole. As a result of the intensive use of fertilizers, a number of chemically active elements are dispersed in the natural environment, which leads to undesirable chemical reactions, an increase in the formation of harmful substances, their washout and entry into water bodies. Additional applications of fertilizers and pesticides often contribute to the contamination of soils and water areas with heavy metals and toxic substances.
It should be especially noted that the main trend in the development of modern civilization is urbanization. In addition to being the main consumers of natural resources, cities are also becoming the main sources of environmental pollution. Sources of anthropogenic impacts of urbanization are divided into: industrial (emissions into the atmosphere, water bodies and soil); transport (exhaust gases, loss of fuels and lubricants, dust); household (sewage, solid residues in settlements and places of mass recreation). All these sources have a direct impact on soil contamination with heavy metals and toxic substances, radioactive elements.
In order to determine the provision of soils with nutrients, to monitor the course of changes in soil fertility, to control the level of pollution, periodic agrochemical and ecological-toxicological examination of soils is required. The information obtained during the field agrochemical survey is used to develop design estimates for liming, drawing up plans for the use of fertilizers, enables the agronomic service to calculate the need for fertilizers and serves as the basis for developing a program to improve soil fertility.
As of January 1, 2014, in the Kushnarenkovsky district, the total area of reclaimed land is 607 hectares. Out of 607 ha of irrigated lands, 531 ha are in good ameliorative condition, 76 ha are in satisfactory condition, and 0 ha are in unsatisfactory condition.
Ameliorative state of irrigated lands in Kushnarenkovsky district
Area of irrigated agricultural land, ha | Ameliorative state of irrigated agricultural lands, ha |
||||
good | satisfactory | unsatisfactory |
|||
Total | including |
||||
according to UGV | salinity |
||||
Distribution of areas of irrigated lands in Kushnarenkovsky district according to the levels of groundwater occurrence and salinity of the meter soil profile in 2013
According to the degree of salinity of a meter layer of soil
Not salted
Weakly salted
Medium saline
Heavily saline
Very heavily saline
including
invalid GWL
soil salinization
unacceptable terms for surface water diversion
unacceptable GWL and timing of surface water diversion
Of the 1,618 ha of drained land, 1,039 ha are in a good reclamation condition, 509 ha are in a satisfactory condition, and 40 ha are in an unsatisfactory condition.
527 hectares correspond to the criteria for a satisfactory ameliorative state of drained lands in terms of groundwater levels. According to the degree of salinization of drained lands, 104 hectares correspond to satisfactory.
The drained lands on the area of 548 ha experience medium, strong and very strong salinization and are classified as unsatisfactory in terms of the degree of salinity of the meter soil profile.
Distribution of areas of drained lands in Kushnarenkovsky district according to the level of groundwater and salinity of a meter layer of soil in 2013
Area of drained land, ha | 1 618 |
||
Distribution of drained lands, ha | By groundwater level, m | ||
0,5 – 0,75 | |||
0,75 – 1,0 | |||
>1,0 | |||
According to the degree of soil salinity | Not salted | ||
Weakly salted | |||
Medium saline | |||
Heavily saline | |||
Very heavily saline | |||
Anthropogenic impact, i.e. the nature of the impact of human activity on the natural environment can be direct and indirect, both positive and negative. The ratio of these impacts depends on natural conditions and the intensity of the impact itself.
Indirect impacts include impacts occurring in nature under the influence of human activity that were not foreseen and planned in advance. These impacts are most pronounced in agricultural production. Modern agriculture can be viewed as a powerful engine for the transformation of the natural environment, the scope and direction of which is constantly expanding.
As a result of the intensive use of fertilizers, a number of chemically active elements are dispersed in the natural environment, which leads to undesirable chemical reactions, an increase in the formation of harmful substances, their washout and entry into water bodies. Additional applications of fertilizers and pesticides often contribute to the contamination of soils and water areas with heavy metals and toxic substances.
In general, the area of the agricultural land category in the Kushnarenkovsky district decreased by 201 hectares compared to 2011. This happened due to the transfer of land with an area of 71 hectares into the category of land for settlements, 130 hectares into the category of land for industry, energy, transport, communications, radio broadcasting, television, informatics, land for space activities, land for defense, security and land for other special purposes. The changes occurred due to anthropogenic factors: intensive use of fertilizers, which leads to undesirable chemical reactions, an increase in the formation of harmful substances, additional pesticides, which often contribute to soil pollution.
The change in the areas of non-agricultural land is mainly associated with the provision of land for individual housing, industrial construction, road service facilities, road construction, quarrying, placement of a solid domestic waste landfill, etc. More than 67.2% irrigated and 13.7% drained agricultural lands need work to improve the land and the technical level of reclamation systems.
For 2011-2014, the area of land of settlements in general in the Kushnarenkovsky district increased by 71 hectares. The increase was due to transfers from agricultural land. Of all the lands, 13,795 hectares were transferred to the ownership of citizens. Basically, these are land plots provided for individual housing construction and gardening. 42 hectares were transferred to the ownership of legal entities. The lands of settlements have increased due to urbanization.
The lands of industry, energy, transport, communications, broadcasting, television, computer science, lands for space activities, lands for defense, security and other special-purpose lands increased by 130 hectares, mainly due to transfers from agricultural lands. Changes occurred due to the construction of new railways, roads, expansion of land plots provided to mining and oil and gas enterprises for the development of minerals.
The total area of lands of forest and water funds, lands of specially protected territories and objects, reserve lands during 2011-2014 did not change.
Conclusion: every year Kushnarenkovsky district should carry out activities for the further development of state land monitoring. Kushnarenko district needs to improve the quality of soils to increase fertility, improve the water properties of soils, improve air and thermal conditions, eliminate the appearance of lumpiness in arable land, prevent overconsolidation, intensify work on liming acidic soils, achieve stabilization to reduce acidic soils in the region, continue to apply mineral fertilizers for the harvest of agricultural crops.
Land lands are the main element of the state accounting of land and are divided into agricultural and non-agricultural lands. Classification of land was carried out in accordance with the current legislation, state and departmental standards. Agricultural lands include arable land, fallow land, hayfields, pastures and perennial plantations, non-agricultural lands - lands under water, including swamps, forest areas and lands under forest plantations, development lands, lands under roads, disturbed lands, other lands (ravines, sands etc.).
Agricultural grounds
Agricultural land is land that is systematically used for agricultural production. As part of agricultural land, agricultural land has priority in use and is subject to special protection. Providing them for non-agricultural needs is allowed in exceptional cases, taking into account the cadastral value of the land.
Arable land - agricultural land, systematically cultivated and used for crops.
Fallow land - a land plot that was previously used for arable land and has not been used for sowing crops for more than 1 year.
Hayfield - agricultural land systematically used for haymaking.
Pasture - agricultural land systematically used for grazing animals.
Perennial plantations - agricultural land used for artificially created tree, shrub or herbaceous perennial
plantings for harvesting fruit and berry, technical and medicinal products.
Lands under water, including swamps
The area of land under water and swamps as of January 1, 2010 amounted to 225.0 million hectares, or 13.2% of the total land fund of the Russian Federation, including under water (rivers, streams, lakes, reservoirs, ponds, artificial reservoirs, drainage and irrigation canals, etc.) were 72.1 million hectares, under swamps - 152.9 million hectares. During the reporting year, the area under water, including swamps, decreased by 2.6 thousand hectares. The specification of the data was mainly carried out on the basis of the materials of the forest inventory works carried out on the lands classified as forest fund lands. The decrease in the total area of land under water, including marshes, was largely affected by changes in the area under marshes. In the Altai Territory and the Republic of Mari El, the area of land under water, including swamps, has been changed as a result of summarizing information about them based on the materials of forest management work.
Lands under water and swamps are present in all land categories. The most significant areas of land occupied by rivers, lakes, reservoirs belong to the category of lands of the water fund - 27.2 million hectares, in the forest fund there were 18.6 million hectares under water bodies, in the category of agricultural land - 13.2 million ha, reserve land - 10.2 million ha. The distribution of land under water by category is presented in Table 1.7. Most of the swamps are in the category of forest fund lands (109.9 million ha), a lot of wetlands are in the category of agricultural land (25.6 million ha) and reserve (13.8 million ha).
Development land
The total area of building land at the beginning of 2009 was 5.7 million hectares in Russia as a whole. These lands include areas under buildings and structures, as well as land plots necessary for their operation and maintenance. Of these, the area of land occupied by industrial facilities amounted to 0.7 million hectares. About 60% (3.4 million hectares) of these lands are located within urban and rural settlements, where these lands are concentrated, mainly in residential, public, business and industrial zones.
land under roads
The area of land under roads as of January 1, 2009 amounted to 7.9 million hectares. These lands include lands located in the right of way of automobile railways, as well as cattle passes, streets, driveways, avenues, squares and other means of communication.
In comparison with the previous year, the area of roads in 2010 increased by
11.3 thousand hectares. The main increase occurred in the category of forest fund lands (7.4 thousand hectares) and the category of industrial and other special purpose lands (5.0 thousand hectares).
Clarification and correction of accounting data was carried out based on the materials of the measures taken on land inventory, forest management and land surveying when delimiting state ownership of land. Most of the land under roads is in the category of agricultural land - 2.3 million hectares, where 71% are unpaved roads. In the category of lands of industry, transport, communications and other purposes, 1.8 million hectares are occupied by roads, in the forest fund - 1.7 million hectares.
Forest areas and forest plantations not included in the forest fund
Forest areas and forest plantations (previously tree and shrub vegetation), not included in the forest fund, occupied 897.4 million hectares in 2009, of which 870.8 million hectares were forest areas.
Forest areas include forest and non-forest lands belonging to the category of forest fund lands, as well as forested and non-forested land plots located on lands of other categories. Forested lands are forest areas occupied by woody, shrubby vegetation with planting density from 0.3 to 1.
The total area of these lands in 2010 increased by 25.1 thousand hectares compared to the previous year. The change in the area of forest land was mainly influenced by the refinement of data on the materials of the forest management in the Orenburg region (12.0 thousand ha), Altai Territory (11.3 thousand ha).
The area of land under forest plantations, not included in the forest fund, amounted to 26.6 million hectares. The increase in the total area of this land in relation to the previous year amounted to 19.8 thousand hectares. The most significant increase in the area of land under forest plantations was observed in the Udmurt Republic (7.7 thousand ha) and the Kostroma region (4.8 thousand ha).
disturbed lands
Disturbed lands - lands that have lost their economic value or are a source of negative impact on the environment in connection with the violation of the soil cover, hydrological regime and the formation of technogenic relief as a result of human production activities. Land disturbance occurs during the development of mineral deposits and peat, the performance of geological exploration, surveying, construction and other works. In this connection, at enterprises whose activities are associated with land disturbance, land reclamation works are an integral part of technological processes (a set of works aimed at restoring productivity and other values of land, as well as improving environmental conditions).
Other lands
As of January 1, 2010, in the country as a whole, 351.9 million hectares, or 20.6% of the country's territory, were occupied by other lands. Other lands include waste landfills, landfills, sands, ravines and other lands, as well as tundra areas suitable for reindeer pastures. Sands as part of other lands are occupied by 4.6 million hectares, ravines - 1.5 million hectares, waste landfills, landfills - 0.1 million hectares. The increase in the total area of other land in relation to the previous reporting year amounted to 99.8 thousand hectares.
Land under reindeer pastures
Reindeer pastures are territories located in the zone of tundra, forest-tundra, northern taiga, the vegetation cover of which is suitable as food for reindeer. Reindeer pastures can be located on such lands as forest lands, lands under trees and shrubs, swamps, as well as disturbed and other lands. According to their economic use, they are divided into winter, early spring, late spring, summer, early autumn and late autumn. An essential role in creating a food base for the population of the northern territories is played by reindeer husbandry, which is a kind of animal husbandry. For the development of this industry, territories suitable as a forage base have been identified and continue to be identified. The distribution zone of reindeer pastures in the Russian Federation is quite extensive, but only surveyed areas provided or intended for economic activity are included in the count.
The area of reindeer pastures for the reporting year decreased by 7.9 thousand hectares and as of January 1, 2010 amounted to 333.8 million hectares, including 142.8 million hectares provided for use by agricultural enterprises, citizens engaged in reindeer breeding - 5 .3 million ha.
The task of preserving reindeer pastures, reviving reindeer herding as the main branch of the small peoples of the north can only be solved if there is a whole range of interrelated urgent measures and state support measures for its implementation.
As of 01/01/2013, in the structure of the land fund of the Yaroslavl region (Figure 4.2), the largest share was occupied by land occupied by forests and shrubs (1818.7 thousand hectares, or 50.3%) and agricultural land (1129.6 thousand hectares). ha, or 31.2%). Since 1996, the distribution of the region's land fund by area has not changed significantly (Table 4.2).
Figure 4.2 - Distribution of the land fund by land as of 01.01.2013
Source: Reports on the state of the environment of the Yaroslavl region for 1994 to 2010, data from the Rosreestr Administration for the Yaroslavl region
Table 4.2 - The structure of the land fund by land and the dynamics of changes in their areas for the period from 1995 to 2012
| grounds | Land area, thousand ha |
||||||||
| on 01.01. 1996 | on 01.01. 2001 | on 01.01. 2006 | on 01.01. 2010 | on 01.01. 2011 | on 01.01. 2012 | on 01.01. 2013 | Trend for 2011–2012 | ||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
| 1. | Agricultural | 1151,8 | 1135,9 | 1132,1 | 1130,6 | 1130,2 | 1130,1 | 1129,6 | ↓ |
| 2 | Forests and plantations not included in the forest fund | 1797,2 | 1814,8 | 1817,8 | 1818,3 | 1817,9 | 1817,2 | 1818,7 | |
| 3 | Lands under water and swamps | 493,4 | 386,2 | 496,8 | 496,6 | 496,6 | 498,2 | 496,7 | ↓ |
| 4 | Building land and under roads | 120,8 | 119,5 | 119,7 | 122,4 | 123,1 | 122,4 | 122,7 | |
| 5 | disturbed lands | 16 | 15 | 14,8 | 14,9 | 14,8 | 14,8 | 15,1 | |
| 6 | Other lands | 37 | 146,5 | 36,1 | 34,4 | 34,6 | 34,5 | 34,4 | ↓ |
| 7 | Lands in the stage of reclamation construction and restoration of fertility | 0,7 | 0,6 | 0,4 | 0,5 | 0,5 | 0,5 | 0,5 | → |
| Total | 3617,7 | 3617,7 | 3617,7 | 3617,7 | 3617,7 | 3617,7 | 3617,7 | ||
Distribution of land by form of ownership. The total area of privately owned land in the Yaroslavl region is 1009.4 thousand hectares (27.9% of the total area of the region), of which 669.6 thousand hectares (18.5%) are owned by citizens, legal entities - 339.8 thousand hectares (9.3%). 2608.3 thousand hectares are in state and municipal property, incl. in the ownership of the Russian Federation - 1634.2 thousand hectares (45.2% of the total area of the region) (Figure 4.3)
Figure 4.3 - Distribution of the region's land fund by types of ownership as of 01.01.2013
Source: data of the Rosreestr Office for the Yaroslavl Region (state statistical form No. 22-2 "Information on the availability and distribution of land by category and land")
The lands owned by the Russian Federation mainly refer to the lands of the forest fund, specially protected territories and objects, industrial lands. The increase in these areas is associated with the registration of rights to land plots of state enterprises located on agricultural and industrial lands.
Land use. Information on the areas of land used by enterprises, organizations, farms, societies and citizens engaged in the production of agricultural products is presented in Table 4.3 and Figure 4.4.
Table 4.3 - Dynamics of changes in the area of land used for agricultural production
Source: Reports on the state of the environment of the Yaroslavl region for 1994 to 2011, data from the Rosreestr Administration for the Yaroslavl region
Figure 4.4 - Dynamics of changes in the area of land used for agricultural production
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