Analysis of the proposal on the composition online. Sentence parsing by parts of speech online

The order of parsing a simple sentence

1. Parse the sentence by members and indicate how they are expressed (first, the subject and predicate are parsed, then the secondary members related to them).

2. Determine the type of sentence according to the purpose of the statement (narrative, incentive, interrogative).

3. Determine the type of sentence by emotional coloring (exclamatory, non-exclamatory).

4. Find the grammatical basis of the sentence and prove that it is simple.

5. Determine the type of offer by structure:

a) two-part or one-part (definitely personal, indefinitely personal, generalized personal, impersonal, naming);

b) widespread or non-common;

c) complete or incomplete (indicate which member of the sentence is missing in it);

d) complicated (indicate what is complicated: homogeneous members, isolated members, appeal, introductory words).

6. Draw up a sentence diagram and explain the placement of punctuation marks.

Parsing Samples

1) My bonfire shines in the fog(A. K. Tolstoy).

The sentence is narrative, non-exclamatory, simple, two-part, common, complete, uncomplicated.

Grammar basis - the bonfire is shining my expressed by a possessive pronoun. The predicate refers to the circumstance of the place in the fog, expressed by a noun in the prepositional case with a preposition in.

Sentence outline A period is placed at the end of this declarative sentence.

2) At the end of January, fanned by the first thaw, cherry blossoms smell good. gardens (Sholokhov).

The sentence is narrative, non-exclamatory, simple, two-part, widespread, complete, complicated by a separate agreed definition, expressed by participial turnover.

Grammar basis - gardens smell. The subject is expressed by a noun in the nominative case, the predicate is a simple verb, expressed by the verb in the form of the indicative mood. The subject is the agreed definition cherry expressed by an adjective. The predicate refers to the circumstance of time in the end of January, expressed by the phrase (noun + noun) in the prepositional case with a preposition in, and the circumstance of the mode of action well expressed in an adverb.

Sentence outline A period is placed at the end of this declarative sentence; commas in the sentence highlight the participial turnover, which, although it stands before the word being defined, is isolated, since it is separated from it in the sentence by other words.

Ways to underline members of a sentence

When parsing a sentence by members, standard underscores are used: one dash for the subject, two dashes for the predicate, a dotted line for the complement, a wavy line for the definition, alternating dots and dashes for the circumstance.

In some schools, the main member of a one-part sentence is underlined with three lines, however, such an underlining is more common, in which the main member of a denominative sentence is marked as the subject, and the main members of other one-part sentences are marked as predicates.

When emphasizing the secondary members of the proposal, it is advisable to be guided by the following principles.

A separate member of the sentence is underlined as a single member.

Accordingly, non-isolated members should be underlined as much as possible in accordance with the questions asked of them.

Designation of words and phrases that are not members of the sentence

As is known from morphology, service parts of speech are not members of a sentence, however, during syntactic parsing, certain problems are associated with them.

Unions are not members of the proposal and are not distinguished when homogeneous members are combined, but in some cases they may be part of non-single members of the proposal.

First, x, these are comparative conjunctions as part of comparative revolutions, for example: The surface of the bay was like a mirror.

Secondly, these are unions as part of separate members of the proposal, for example: Stopping often and for a long time, we got to the place only on the third day.

Prepositions also cannot act as independent members of a sentence, but they are used as part of a prepositional case group, expressing a certain meaning together with the case form.

Therefore, it is customary to underline the preposition together with the noun to which it refers. In this case, it is necessary to pay attention to cases where the preposition and noun are separated by adjectives or participles, for example: instead of older brother. In this case, it would be a mistake to underline the preposition together with the adjective as a definition; underscore should be: instead of older brother.

Formative particles are part of compound verb forms and are underlined together with the verb both in contact and non-contact arrangements, for example: Let him call me!

Semantic (non-formative) particles are not members of a sentence, however, in school practice, a negative particle is not usually emphasized as a single member of a sentence along with the word to which it refers, for example: No smoking here. I didn't expect much help.

It is permissible not to single out both prepositions and all semantic particles.

Some teachers teach to highlight unions by circling them, and prepositions by a triangle. This distinction is not generally accepted.

Introductory words and appeals are not members of the sentence. Sometimes students enclose these components in square brackets or underline them with crosses. This is undesirable, as underlining is only used to indicate members of a sentence; it is permissible to mark these elements of the proposal by inscribing the words “introductory” or “address” above them.

Description of the complicating members of the sentence

When a sentence is complicated by direct speech or an interstitial sentence, they are considered and described as an independent sentence, since both direct speech and an interstitial sentence have their own purpose of utterance and intonation, which may not coincide with the purpose of utterance and the intonation of the sentence itself.

So, for example, the proposal He indignantly asked: “How long will you be digging?!” should be parsed as follows: the sentence is narrative, non-exclamatory, simple, two-part, common, complete, complicated by direct speech. Direct speech is an interrogative, exclamatory, two-part, common, complete, uncomplicated sentence.

The participial turnover complicates the sentence only if it is isolated. At the same time, the description should indicate the complication not by the participial turnover, but by a separate definition; in brackets is possible, but not necessarily an indication that it is expressed by participial turnover.

The comparative turnover can be any member of the sentence - a predicate ( This park is like a forest.), circumstance ( The rain poured like a bucket), complement ( Petya draws better than Anton), defining (He is almost the same as his brother). In this case, the comparative turnover can be both isolated and non-isolated. The complication causes only a separate comparative turnover, and, as in the case of participial turnover, it is necessary to indicate the complication by a separate circumstance, addition or definition.

Homogeneous members, introductory words and sentences, appeals are also described as complicating the structure of the sentence.

Some difficulty is presented by sentences with homogeneous predicates. In school and pre-university practice, it is believed that a two-part sentence in which the subject is used with several predicates is a simple sentence complicated by homogeneous predicates. In a one-part sentence, there are as many parts as there are predicates in it, with the exception of cases when homogeneous parts are presented in the structure of the predicate.

For example: I was offended and did not want to answer him- a simple two-part sentence with homogeneous predicates.

I felt embarrassed and didn't want to answer him.- difficult sentence.

I got sad and lonely- a simple one-part (impersonal) sentence with homogeneous parts of the predicate.

One-part sentences

When parsing one-component sentences, students often make various mistakes.

The first type of errors is associated with the need to distinguish between one-part and two-part incomplete sentences.

As already mentioned, we diagnose a definite personal sentence by the form of the main member: the predicate in it is expressed by the verb in the form of 1 and 2 persons of the singular and plural of the indicative mood (in the present and in the future tense), and in the imperative mood; the producer of the action is defined and can be called personal pronouns of the 1st and 2nd person I, you, we, you:

I go, I go, but I can’t reach the forest.

The peculiarity of verb forms with a morphological feature of the 1st and 2nd person is that each of these forms can “serve” a single subject: the form with the ending -y ( go-y) - the pronoun I, the form with the ending -eat / -ish ( go-eat) - pronoun you, form with -em / -im ( go eat) - pronoun we, form with -et/-ite ( go) - pronoun you. Forms 1 and 2 of the person of the imperative mood also clearly indicate the person who is the producer of the action.

Since the morphological feature of the person is presented in the verb only in the indicated forms, sentences of a similar meaning with a predicate-verb in the past tense of the indicative mood and the conditional mood are considered two-part incomplete, for example:

He walked and walked, but never reached the forest.

In this sentence, the form of the predicate does not in any way indicate the producer of the action.

Even if it is clear from the previous context that the producer of the action is the speaker(s) or the listener(s), sentences or parts of a complex sentence without a subject with a predicate in the past tense or in the conditional mood should be characterized as two-part incomplete, since information about the producer of the action is extracted not from the sentence itself, but from the previous context, which, in fact, is an indicator of the incompleteness of the sentence or part of it; see for example the second part of the compound sentence:

I would help you if I knew how.

In indefinite personal sentences, as already mentioned, the main member is expressed by the verb in the form of the 3rd person plural (present and future tenses in the indicative mood and in the imperative mood), the past plural form of the indicative mood, or a similar form of the conditional mood of the verb. The producer of the action in these sentences is unknown or unimportant:

They call / have called / let them call / would call.

Such sentences are not indefinitely personal without a subject with a predicate in the indicated forms, in which the producer of the action is known from the previous context; see for example the second sentence in the following context:

We left the forest and tried to orient ourselves on the ground. Then we went along the path to the right.

Such sentences are also two-part incomplete.

Thus, when characterizing a sentence as a one-part definite-personal, it is necessary to remember about the restrictions on the form of the predicate; when diagnosing a sentence as indefinitely-personal, it is also necessary to take into account the meaning - an indication that the producer of the action is unknown.

Generalized personal one-part sentences do not include all one-part sentences that report an action that can be attributed to everyone and everyone, but only those in which the predicate is expressed in the form of the 2 person singular of the indicative and imperative moods or the form of the 3 person plural of the indicative inclinations:

They cut the forest - the chips fly.

However, in a generalized personal sense, definite personal sentences with the main member in the form of 1 person and impersonal sentences can also be used: What we have - we do not store, having lost - we cry; To be afraid of wolves - do not go into the forest. Nevertheless, such proposals are not usually characterized as generalized-personal.

The greatest difficulties are associated with the analysis of an impersonal sentence.

Considerable difficulty is the definition of the composition of the main members in sentences like We had a lot of fun riding this slide., i.e., in sentences that include a bunch, a nominal part and an infinitive. There are two traditions in parsing such proposals.

There is an opinion that when characterizing such sentences as impersonal or as two-part, it is not the sequence of components that is important (the infinitive at the beginning of the sentence or after the link and the nominal part), but the meaning of the nominal part of the predicate.

So, if an adverb is used in the nominal part with the meaning of the state experienced by the producer of the action (fun, sad, hot, cold, etc.), then this is a one-part impersonal sentence:

It was fun to ride this hill.
It was fun to ride this hill.

If in the nominal part a word is used with the meaning of a positive or negative assessment (good, bad, harmful, useful, etc.), then we have a two-part sentence with a subject, pronounced infinitive:

It was bad for him to smoke.
Smoking was bad for him.

According to another linguistic tradition, the characteristics of a sentence of this type depend on the word order in it, and not on the meaning of the word in the nominal part. If the infinitive comes before the link and the nominal part, then it, with a relatively free word order in Russian, denotes the subject of the message and is the subject:

Smoking was bad for him.

If the infinitive follows the link and the nominal part, then we have an impersonal sentence:

It was bad for him to smoke.

With regard to impersonal sentences, the following should also be noted: not impersonal, but two-part incomplete, it is customary to consider parts of a complex sentence in which the subject position is replaced by a subordinate explanatory or direct speech, for example:

It was heard how the gate creaked a (compare: It was heard).

"I'm lost" - flashed through my head(compare: It went through my head).

Such sentences without a subordinate clause or direct speech lose all meaning, are not used, which is the criterion for the incompleteness of the sentence. So, the sentences * It was heard or * It flashed through my head cannot be understood and are not used.

Parsing a sentence by composition is called syntactic. He is one of the first to be studied in school. At first, the process can be difficult, however, after two analyzes, many people quickly find all the components. Knowledge of parts of speech, rules about the basis and secondary members of a sentence, understanding the connection of words in a phrase will help in parsing. This takes place towards the end of elementary school, so 5th grade students do the debriefing without difficulty.

By following a certain sequence, you can quickly make an analysis. To do this, you need to pay attention to the following steps:

1. Determine what type the phrase belongs to: narrative, interrogative or incentive.
2. According to the emotional color, exclamatory and non-exclamatory sentences are distinguished.
3. Then they move on to grammar. It needs to be found, to indicate the way of expression, to indicate whether the sentence is simple or complex.
4. Determine the one-part and two-part written.
5. Find additional members of the sentence. They will show if it is common or not.
6. With the help of certain types of lines, highlight each minor member of the sentence. At the same time, above the word indicate what kind of member of the sentence it is.
7. Indicate whether there are missing members of the sentence in the proposed phrase, which will determine whether the statement is complete or incomplete.
8. Are there any complications?
9. Describe what is written.
10. Make a diagram.

To correctly and quickly parse, you need to know what the stem and minor members are.

The basis

Every stem has a subject and a predicate. When parsing, the first word is underlined with one line, the second - with two. For example, " The night has come". Here the grammatical basis is the full phrase. It has the subject word "night". The subject cannot be in any other case than the nominative.

In the neighborhood is the predicate "came", which describes the action performed with the subject. (Dawn has come. Autumn has come.) Depending on whether the sentence is simple or complex, one or two bases are distinguished. In the statement "Yellow leaves fall from the trees" there is one grammatical basis. And here are two basics: "The moon hid - the morning has come."

Before parsing phrases, you need to find additional members of the sentence:

1. Most often, the object is a noun or a pronoun. Prepositions can be added to the second member of the sentence. It answers all questions of cases. This does not include the nominative case, since only the subject can have it. Look (where?) At the sky. Let's discuss the (what?) question. In semantic meaning, they are on the same level as the noun.
2. The definition performs a descriptive function, answering the question “Which one? Whose?". It is often difficult to identify a member of a sentence due to the fact that it can be of two types. Agreed when two words are in the same person, gender, number and case. Inconsistent acts as a phrase with control and adjacency. For example: “There is a bookshelf on the wall. There is a shelf for books on the wall. In both cases, one can ask the question: which one? However, the difference is the consistency and inconsistency of the definition.
3. The circumstance describes the manner of action, the time. It is considered the most extensive member of the proposal. We met (where?) at the store. (When?) We went to the cinema yesterday. I (how?) will easily do the exercise. This leads to the fact that the circumstance is often confused with the addition. Here it is important to correctly put the question from the main word to the dependent.

Relationship while writing

It is important to say that all minor members are necessarily associated with one of the main words. The definition is part of the subject, so questions are asked from this member of the sentence. But the addition and circumstance are connected with the predicate.

When parsing, the secondary members should be indicated on the letter. If the subject and predicate are underlined with one and two lines, respectively, then the addition is highlighted with a dotted line, the definition with a wavy line, the circumstance with a dot and a dash. When parsing, it is necessary to indicate in a graphical version what each word is.

Practical lesson

Consider a simple sentence:

In winter, tourists go to the ski resort.

Start from the basics. Here it is represented by the phrase "tourists are leaving." That is, the subject is tourists, the predicate is sent. This is the only basis, so what is written is a simple statement. Since there are additional members, it is common.

Now you can start looking for add-ons. It was not used here when writing. It is followed by a definition: to (which?) ski resort. And you can highlight the circumstances. They go (where?) to the resort, they go (when?) in winter.

This is how the sentence looks like when parsed by composition: In winter (obst.) tourists (subl.) go (sk.) to a ski (def.) resort (add.).

Complex sentence example:

The sun went behind a cloud, a light rain fell from the sky.

First we look for the base. The sentence is about sun and rain. So, there are two bases in the sentence: the sun has set, and the rain has begun. Now we need to find additional members of the sentence in each basis. Went (where?) behind a cloud; went (what?) small, went (where?) from the sky.

This is how you need to parse common sentences by composition:

The boy sat on the roof of the house and looked at the starry sky, attracting the eye.

(Descriptive, non-exclamatory, simple, two-part, common, complete, complicated by homogeneous predicates and a separate definition, expressed by participial turnover).

Here the basis is - the boy sat and watched, therefore there are two predicates. We find the secondary members of the sentence. Sat (where?) on the roof (what?) of the house. He looked (where?) at the sky, (what?) starry. The sky (what?), eye-catching.

That is, after finding all the components of the statement, it will look like this:

The boy (subl.) sat (sk.) on the roof (obst.) of the house (adv.) and looked (sk.) at the starry (def.) sky (obst.), attracting the eye (def.).

Syntactic parsing of a sentence is easy to do. The main thing is to follow the steps, starting with the search for the main members of the proposal. They are the foundation. Then they move on to secondary ones. At the end of the analysis, each of them is underlined with a certain line.

Video

From the video you will learn how to properly parse a sentence.

Didn't get an answer to your question? Suggest a topic to the authors.

1. Describe the sentence according to the purpose of the statement: narrative, interrogative or incentive.
2. By emotional coloring: exclamatory or non-exclamatory.
3. By the presence of grammatical foundations: simple or complex.
4. Then, depending on whether the sentence is simple or complex:

If simple: 5. Describe the sentence by the presence of the main members of the sentence: two-part or one-part, indicate which main member of the sentence, if it is one-part (subject or predicate). 6. Characterize by the presence of secondary members of the proposal: common or non-common. 7. Indicate whether the sentence is complicated by anything (homogeneous members, appeal, introductory words) or not complicated. 8. Underline all members of the sentence, indicate parts of speech. 9. Draw up a sentence outline, indicating the grammatical basis and complication, if any.

If complex: 5. Indicate which connection is in the proposal: allied or non-union. 6. Indicate what is the means of communication in the sentence: intonation, coordinating unions or subordinating unions. 7. Conclude what kind of sentence this is: unionless (BSP), compound (CSP), complex (CSP). 8. Parse each part of a complex sentence as a simple one, starting from point No. 5 of the adjacent column. 9. Underline all members of the sentence, indicate parts of speech. 10. Draw up a sentence outline, indicating the grammatical basis and complication, if any.

An example of parsing a simple sentence

Oral analysis:

The sentence is narrative, non-exclamatory, simple, two-part, grammatical basis: pupils and pupils study, common, complicated by homogeneous subjects.

Writing:

Narrative, non-exclamatory, simple, two-part, grammatical stem pupils and pupils study, common, complicated by homogeneous subjects.

An example of parsing a complex sentence

Oral analysis:

The sentence is narrative, non-exclamatory, complex, allied connection, means of communication subordinating union because, a complex sentence. The first simple sentence: one-part, with the main member - the predicate did not ask common, not complicated. Second simple sentence: two-part, grammatical basis we went with the class, common, uncomplicated.

Writing:

Narrative, non-exclamatory, complex, allied connection, subordinating union means of communication because, SPP.

1st PP: one-part, with the main member - the predicate did not ask common, not complicated.

2nd PP: two-part, grammatical basis - we went with the class, spread, not complicated.

Schematic example (sentence followed by schema)

Another option for parsing

Syntax parsing. Order in parsing.

In phrases:

1. Select the correct phrase from the sentence.
2. We consider the structure - we highlight the main word and the dependent. We indicate what part of speech is the main and dependent word. Next, we indicate in what syntactic way this phrase is connected.
3. And finally, we denote what its grammatical meaning is.

In a simple sentence:

1. We determine what the sentence is for the purpose of the statement - narrative, incentive or interrogative.
2. We find the basis of the sentence, we establish that the sentence is simple.
3. Next, you need to talk about how this proposal is built.
   • It is two-part or one-part. If it is one-part, then determine the type: personal, impersonal, nominative or indefinitely personal.
   • Common or non-common
   • incomplete or complete. If the sentence is incomplete, then it is necessary to indicate which member of the sentence is missing in it.
4. If this proposal is complicated in any way, whether it be homogeneous members or isolated members of the proposal, this must be noted.
5. Next, you need to analyze the sentence by members, while indicating what parts of speech they are. It is important to follow the order of parsing. First, the predicate and the subject are determined, then the secondary ones, which are part of the first - the subject, then - the predicate.
6. We explain why one way or another punctuation marks are placed in the sentence.

Predicate

1. We note what the predicate is - a simple verb or compound (nominal or verbal).
2. Specify how the predicate is expressed:
   • simple - what form of the verb;
   • compound verb - what it consists of;
   • compound nominal - what connection is used, how the nominal part is expressed.

In a sentence that has homogeneous members.

If we have a simple sentence, then when parsing it, it should be noted what kind of homogeneous members of the sentence are and how they are related to each other. Either through intonation, or intonation with conjunctions.

In sentences with separate members:

If we have a simple sentence, then when parsing it, it should be noted what the turnover will be. Next, we analyze the words that are included in this turnover by the members of the sentence.

In sentences with isolated members of speech:

First, we note that in this sentence, there is a direct speech. We indicate the direct speech and the text of the author. We analyze, explain why punctuation marks are placed in the sentence in this way and not otherwise. We draw the scheme of the offer.

In a compound sentence:

First, we indicate which sentence for the purpose of the statement is interrogative, declarative or incentive. We find simple sentences in the sentence, we single out the grammatical basis in them.

We find unions with the help of which simple sentences are connected in a complex one. We note what kind of unions they are - adversative, connecting or dividing. We determine the meaning of this entire compound sentence - opposition, alternation or enumeration. We explain why punctuation marks are placed in the sentence in this way. Then each simple sentence that makes up the complex one must be parsed in the same way as a simple sentence is parsed.

In a complex sentence with a subordinate clause (one)

First, we indicate what the sentence is in terms of the purpose of the statement. We single out the grammatical basis of all simple sentences that make up a complex one. Let's read them.

We name which sentence is the main one, and which is subordinate. We explain what kind of complex sentence it is, pay attention to how it is built, how the subordinate clause to the main clause is connected and what it refers to.

We explain why the punctuation marks in this sentence are arranged in this way. Then, the subordinate and main clauses must be parsed, in the same way as simple sentences are parsed.

In a complex sentence with subordinate clauses (several)

We call what the sentence is according to the purpose of the statement. We single out the grammatical basis of all the simple sentences that make up the complex one, and read them out. We indicate which sentence is the main one, and which is subordinate. It is necessary to indicate what the subordination in the sentence is - either it is a parallel subordination, or sequential, or homogeneous. If there is a combination of several types of subordination, this should be noted. We explain why, in this way, punctuation marks are placed in the sentence. And, at the end, we analyze the subordinate and main clauses as simple sentences.

In a complex non-union sentence:

We call what the sentence is according to the purpose of the statement. We find the grammatical basis of all simple sentences that make up this complex sentence. We read them out, call the number of simple sentences that make up the complex one. We determine what the meaning is the relationship between simple sentences. It can be - sequence, cause with effect, opposition, simultaneity, explanation or addition.

We note what are the features of the structure of this sentence, what kind of complex sentence it is. How are simple words connected in this sentence and what do they refer to.

We explain why punctuation marks are placed in the sentence in this way.

In a complex sentence in which there are different types of communication.

We call what, according to the purpose of the statement, this sentence is. We find and highlight the grammatical basis of all simple sentences that make up a complex one, read them out. We establish that this proposal will be a proposal in which there are different types of communication. Why? We determine what connections are present in this sentence - allied coordinating, subordinating, or any other.

According to the meaning, we establish how simple ones are formed in a complex sentence. We explain why punctuation marks are placed in the sentence in this way. We analyze all simple sentences that make up a complex one in the same way as a simple sentence is parsed.

All for study » Russian language » Parsing of a sentence

To bookmark a page, press Ctrl+D.

Link: https://site/russkij-yazyk/sintaksicheskij-razbor

Enter a word without errors:

Enter any word, then click "parse". After that, you will receive an analysis in which the part of speech, case, gender, tense and everything else will be written. Because parsing is performed out of context, then several parsing options may be offered, among which you will need to choose the correct one. Parsing is done automatically by the computer, so sometimes there may be errors. Be careful, online analysis is for help, not for mindless rewriting. Note about the letter Yo: do not replace it with E.

Press Ctrl+D to bookmark the service for future reference.

In order not to experience difficulties in the scheme morphological analysis words or in the order of parsing, you should not automatically memorize the sequence and principle of parsing. It is most effective to focus on highlighting the general features of parts of speech, and then move on to the particular features of this form. At the same time, the general parsing logic should be preserved. Parts of speech will also help you.

The following examples of morphological parsing will allow you to understand the scheme of parsing the words of a sentence in Russian. However, it should be remembered that the presence of a text is a prerequisite for the correct analysis of parts of speech, because morphological analysis is a characteristic of a word (as a part of speech), taking into account the specifics of its use.

Consider examples morphological analysis.

Morphological analysis of a noun

1. initial form (in the nominative case, singular);
2. own or common noun;
3. animate or inanimate;
4. declination
5. number;
6. case;
7. role in the proposal.

Noun(parsing sample):
Text: Babies love to drink milk.
Milk is a noun, the initial form is milk, common noun, inanimate, neuter, 2nd declension, in the accusative case, singular (does not have a plural), direct object.

Adjective parsing plan

1. the initial form is the infinitive (nominative case, singular);
2. category (qualitative, relative or possessive);
3. short or complete (only about quality);
4. degree of comparison (only qualitative);
5. gender (only about the singular);
6. case;
7. number;
8. role in the proposal.

Adjective(parsing sample):
Text: Alyonushka collected a full basket of mushrooms.
Full - adjective, initial form - full; quality: complete; in a positive (zero) degree of comparison, in the neuter gender, accusative case, is an addition.

numeral(parsing order):

1. initial form (nominative for quantitative, nominative singular, masculine for ordinal);
2. category by value (quantitative, ordinal);
3. category by composition (simple, complex, composite);
4. case;
5. gender and number (for ordinal and some quantitative);
6. role in the proposal.

Numeral (parsing sample):
Text: Four days have passed.
Four is a numeral, the initial form is four, quantitative, simple, in the nominative case, has no number and gender, is the subject.

Pronoun(parsing order):

1. initial form (nominative case, singular, if it changes by number and gender);
2. rank by value;
3. gender (if any);
4. case
5. number (if any);
6. role in the proposal.

Pronoun (parsing sample):
Text: Crystal raindrops dripped from it.
Nee is a pronoun, the initial form is she, personal, 3rd person, feminine, genitive, singular, adverb of place.

Morphological analysis of the verb

1. infinitive (initial form);
2. returnable or irrevocable;
3. transitive or intransitive;
4. conjugation;
5. mood;
6. time (for the indicative mood);
7. person (for the present, future tense and imperative mood);
8. gender (for the past tense and conditional in the singular);
9. number;
10. role in the proposal.

Verb (parsing sample):
Text: They told the truth without fear of condemnation.
They said - a verb, the initial form - to say, irrevocable, intransitive, perfective, 1st conjugation, in the indicative mood, past tense, plural, is a predicate.

Participle(parsing order):

1. initial form (nominative, singular, masculine);
2. infinitive;
3. time;
4. returnable or irrevocable (for valid);
5. transitive or intransitive (for valid);
6. complete or short (for the passive);
7. gender (for the singular);
8. case;
9. number;
10. role in the proposal.

Participle (parsing sample):
Text: I look at the falling leaves and feel sad.
Falling - participle, initial form - falling, from the verb fall, imperfective, present tense, irrevocable, intransitive, feminine, accusative, singular, agreed definition.

gerund(parsing order):

1. the verb from which it is formed;
2. returnable or irrevocable;
3. transitive or intransitive;
4. role in the proposal.

The participle (parsing sample):

Text: When you go abroad, you are sad about home.
Leaving - a gerund, from the verb "to leave", an imperfect form, irrevocable, intransitive, a circumstance of the mode of action.

Adverb(parsing order):

1. category by value (definitive or adverbial);
2. degree of comparison (if any).

Adverb (parsing sample):
Text: The sun rose higher and the clouds dissipated.
Above - an adverb, adverbial place, is a circumstance of place, a comparative degree.

Video

Something is not clear? There is a good video on the topic for adjectives:

The order of debriefing in your class may differ from what is suggested, so we advise you to check with your teacher for debriefing requirements.

Everything for study » Russian language » Morphological analysis of a word with examples and online

To bookmark a page, press Ctrl+D.

Link: https://site/russkij-yazyk/morfologicheskij-razbor-slova

The sentence contains information, asks about it, or directs to action. Most often it has a basis and secondary members describing it. In order to assimilate or refresh the memory of a topic, it is useful to study examples of the grammatical analysis of a sentence in Russian.

Grammatical basis in parsing a sentence

The basis is quite logical in application. It consists of a subject that directly names a thing or phenomenon, and a predicate - an action performed or directed at an object.

The subject is always used in the initial form (nominative), but can be not only a noun. It could be:

• numeral - to indicate quantity, set, number (there were three in line; four was his best estimate);
• personal pronoun (he quietly walked along the corridor; we left the classroom);
• indefinite pronoun (someone was sitting in the room; something bothered me);
• negative pronoun (no one could stop them);
• adjective in the sense of a noun (the person in charge was appointed by the management; the duty officer kept order).

In the grammatical analysis of a sentence, it is customary to highlight the subject with an underline, and the predicate with a double underline.

The predicate is most often a verb, but has several types:

• simple verb, expressed by the verb in any mood (the dog ran down the alley; the student gets up early);
• compound verb, consists of an auxiliary verb (modal word) and an infinitive (she started running in the morning; I have to go to work);
• compound nominal, having a linking verb (most often - to be) and a nominal part (a student became a student; bread is their main food; three times two is six(the word "will" is omitted);

Completeness of the offer

Based on the composition of the basis, sentences are two-part, where both main members are present or one is implied (incomplete) (night has come; where is he(omitted "is") ?) , and one-part. The latter are:

• definitely personal, in which it is clear from the face of the verb who it is about (I do my best(I); let's go for a walk(we));
• indefinitely personal, expressed by the past tense verb in the plural (a floor below made a noise; somewhere in the distance they sang);
• generalized-personal, which attribute the action to everyone (often found in proverbs and sayings) (if you want to eat a fish, you need to climb into the water; you go and admire the view);
• impersonal, implying no object (it got dark; he was very sorry; it was cold in the room).

Secondary, but no less important

To give detailed information, the object and action are supported by third-party words and constructions. They are:

When performing a grammatical analysis of a sentence, they must also be taken into account. If there are minor members, the proposal is considered widespread, respectively, without them - non-common.

Complicated sentences - it's not difficult at all

Various plug-in components complete the offer by increasing the amount of information. They are embedded between the main and secondary members, but are already defined as a separate part, which goes as a separate paragraph in the grammatical analysis of the sentence. These components can be removed or replaced without losing the meaning of the text. Among them:

• separate definitions applicable to an object member (describe a property, stand out as a definition), are participial phrases (the kettle, which was warming on the stove, whistled sharply; the road led to a house standing in the forest);
• isolated circumstances (highlighted as a circumstance) are adverbial phrases (he ran, stumbling over stones; looking wary, the dog held out its paw);
• homogeneous members of a sentence - perform the same function and always ask the same question (were scattered on the floor(what?) books, notebooks, notes(homogeneous subject); on weekends we only(what they were doing?) sleeping and walking(homogeneous predicate); he looked at(whom?) mother and sister(homogeneous addition));
• address to someone, which is always separated by a comma and is an independent member of the sentence (my son, you did the right thing; You, Andrei, misunderstood me);
• introductory words (probably, perhaps, finally, etc.) (I probably got excited; tomorrow, most likely, it will be hot).

How to make a grammatical analysis of a sentence, taking into account all the components?

For parsing, a clear algorithm has been created that does not cause difficulties if you know all the above constructions and components of the proposal. Among them, simple and complex ones stand out - the order of analysis is slightly different for them. The following is a grammatical analysis of sentences with examples for individual cases.

Simple sentence

At the beginning of autumn, covered with a golden carpet, the city alleys whimsically shimmer.

1. Define the main members. The basis should be one, as in this example: alleys- subject, shimmer- predicate.

2. Select minor members: (when?) at the beginning of autumn- circumstance (what?) covered with golden carpet- separate definition, (how?) whimsically- circumstance (what?) urban- definition.

3. Define parts of speech:

At the beginning of the noun. autumn n. , covered with golden adj. carpet n. , bizarrely overflow urban adj. alleys n.

4. Describe the signs:

• the purpose of the statement (narrative, incentive, interrogative);
• intonation (exclamatory, non-exclamatory);
• on the basis (two-part, one-part - indicate which one);
• completeness (complete, incomplete)
• by the presence of secondary (common, non-common);
• complicated (if yes, then by what) or not complicated;

The characteristic of this is non-exclamatory, two-part, complete, widespread, complicated by a separate definition.

This is what a complete grammatical analysis of a sentence looks like.

Difficult sentence

Since a complex sentence includes two or more simple ones, it is quite logical to parse them separately, but the parsing algorithm is still different. The grammatical analysis of a sentence in Russian is ambiguous. Compound sentences related to simple ones are:

An example of parsing a compound sentence

In the family, regardless of age, everyone was very busy, but on weekends everyone got together at one big table.

1. All bases are highlighted. There are several of them in a complex sentence: everyone- subject, been busy- compound nominal predicate; all- subject, were going- predicate.
2. Define parts of speech.

In the pr. family, noun. , regardless of from pr. age n. , each is a place. was ch. very nar. busy app. , nose. on pr. weekend adj. all place. were going to for pr. large adj. table su sch.

1. Find out if there is an alliance. Here - "but". So the proposal is allied.
2. It is possible to characterize by the position of simple ones if there is a union (paragraph 2). This example is a compound sentence, the simple ones in it are equivalent (that is, if you wish, you can divide it into two independent ones). In the case of non-union, this item is not indicated.
3. Make a general description: narrative, non-exclamatory, complex, allied, compound.
4. Disassemble simple inside separately:

• in the family, regardless of age, everyone was very busy (narrative, non-exclamatory, simple, two-part, full, common, complicated by a separate definition of "regardless of age")a
• on weekends everyone gathered at a large table

Complex sentence

The algorithm will be similar, only with the indication of the subordinating union. It is also part of the composition. You also need to highlight the main thing and find out how the subordinate clauses (parentheses) are “attached” to it.

This is a kind of submission, not a mandatory item, but it is also often taken into account.

The main thing to remember is that grammatical and syntactic analysis are synonyms. The meeting of one of the words in the task should not be frightening, since the topic is quite general and quickly digestible. For foreigners, it is difficult because of the great variability, but that's what makes the Russian language beautiful.