The role of the landscape in revealing the character of the Mtsyri.

Lermontov's work "Mtsyri" was written in 1839. It was based on a real story, heard by Lermontov from one monk.

The main character - Mtsyri - lives in a monastery. He wants to escape from it. He wants freedom, to see the world. The monastery in this work is an image of bondage, "prison", and nature is an image of freedom. When Mtsyri escapes, a storm rages, dark clouds swirl, lightning flashes, there is not a single star in the sky, not even the moon: “I was glad to embrace the storm! / I followed the clouds with my eyes / I caught lightning with my hand ... /.

"Then the storm subsides, the night passes quickly and a beautiful morning comes. Nature reflects the feelings of Mtsyra. Even the storm and the night do not frighten him, he is happy to wake up at liberty. But he is still "gnawed" by fears," gnawed "doubts," tormented "questions , such as "What if there is a chase?" "What will happen if they find me?", etc. But doubts quickly leave him. This is also reflected in the time of day - a beautiful dawn comes. The main character understands that his long-awaited escape was a success , he is finally free, which he longed for so long.

Mtsyri is in God's garden. There are many beautiful plants and birds that sing with wonderful voices. Nature reflects the happiness and freedom experienced by the fugitive. The author conveys this using various epithets in his poem: "rainbow-colored plants", "curls of vines", "transparent green leaves", "magic voices", "solemn hour of praise".

Then Mtsyri leaves God's garden and hears a song sung by a Georgian woman. He falls asleep, lulled by her voice. She dreams of him. Her image evokes Mtsyri's thoughts and memories of her home. When Mtsyri wakes up again, the night has already come, the full moon is in the sky, illuminating everything with its light. In the distance, he sees the Caucasus Mountains and decides to go to them. He decides to go through a dense and dark forest, but unfortunately he gets lost in it. The night and the dark forest personify the doubts that torment the protagonist, his hidden fears and frightening thoughts. "And I woke up / The moon was already shining. / I lost sight of the mountain / And then I began to go astray /."

Mtsyri found himself in a forest glade, where a leopard later noticed him. Glade - the arena of the fight between the protagonist and the leopard. The world seemed to freeze, watching their struggle for life. The leopard is a nocturnal predator, the image of the most hidden and terrible fear. But Mtsyri defeated the leopard, conquered his fear.

Mtsyri came out of the forest and saw the fog. It seems to him that he hears voices coming from the village, but he disappears and a monastery appears in its place, spreading the ringing of bells. Disappointment flooded over Mtsyri that he had returned to his "prison" again, that he would never be able to visit his native land, to see his family.

Further, the mtsyri tells the elder about the flower with which he personifies himself and his life. The main character becomes ill, he is tormented by thirst, he sees mirages and loses consciousness. In this state, the monks find him and take him to the monastery.

Before dying, he asks the elder to bury him not within the walls of the monastery, but in freedom. In the garden, where wonderful white acacias bloom, soft bright green grass grows, fresh and clean air, from where you can see the high Caucasus mountains.

Nature plays an important role in Lermontov's poem "Mtsyri". It is through her and her changes that the author conveys inner feelings, fears, experiences, hopes and dreams of the protagonist Mtsyra.

The poem "Mtsyri" was written in 1839, shortly before Lermontov's death. This is one of his last works, a kind of result of the entire creative path. The poem embodied late, mature Lermontov's romanticism - a direction that the poet followed to one degree or another throughout his life. All the ideas of the poet's late lyrics were reflected in this work. By the end of his life, the theme of loneliness became the leading theme in Lermontov's work. But, in comparison with the early lyrics, now the loneliness of the lyrical hero is perceived as his freedom, that is, he considered the principle of romantic dualism in a new way (the traditional principle of the romantics, built on the difference for the poet of the world "here" and the world "there", opposing ideal and real). Thus, the poet came to a new perception of the relationship between the hero and the outside world. Of great importance in revealing the image of the lonely, suffering and free Mtsyri is the romantic landscape. In general, it is one of the most meaningful compositional components of a work of art. It does not carry independent value, it is almost never just an objectively real image of nature, especially in a romantic work, where it is sharply subjective, symbolic and obeys the principle of psychological parallelism - that is, likening the internal state of a person to living nature. In other words, for romantics, nature is a peculiar way of seeing and depicting the world. "Mtsyri" is a typical romantic poem. It is built on the idea of duality and contrast. A distinctive feature of Lermontov-romantics is precisely that in his poems one can find a wide variety of conflicts. One of the main ones is the contrast between the world of the monastery, a prison for Mtsyra, and the world of nature, the embodiment of freedom, which Lermontov used more than once in his early lyrics. The conflict between the two opposite worlds of the monastery contrasts sharply with the vivid description of the forest, the river, the storm and the leopard. Throughout the poem, the landscape is the background of the action, which not only adds color to the flaring confrontation, but also helps to understand the nature of the conflict. The landscape of the world, which is located outside the walls of the monastery, mainly forms the image of Mtsyri himself. The hero is identified with nature, by depicting its various states, the poet artistically conveys the various states of the soul of a young man - from a storm that can destroy everything in its path, to a quiet dawn, striking with its harmony. Nature for Lermontov is a living being. Human suffering is not alien to him; with the help of the landscape, the author manages to describe the inner world of the hero with unusual accuracy. From extremely stingy sketches of the landscape of the monastery, Lermontov moves on to the embodiment of freedom - the nature of the forest, he describes an extraordinary, demonic riot of sounds and colors. One of the climaxes of the poem is the meeting of the hero with the leopard. In it, the author shows the complete unity of Mtsyri with nature. The description of the battle is in perfect harmony with the landscape, the world seemed to freeze under the moon, watching the battle; a fairy-tale glade in the forest is an arena for a fight between a romantic hero and a beast, the embodiment of nature itself. In the scene of the battle with the leopard, along with the antithesis, personification is used. The author departed from the description of the general image of nature. He endows the leopard, the moon and the forest with human qualities. This organically complements the classic romantic landscape. One feels a kind of tension in the air, which cannot leave the reader indifferent. In this scene, all the riot of nature, described during the escape of Mtsyra, is now reflected in the soul of the reader; By this the author emphasizes the importance of the episode. But other descriptions are no less interesting. At the very beginning of the poem, the author, through the mouth of Mtsyra, makes unusually accurate sketches of landscapes that the unfortunate young man managed to enjoy during his three short days in the wild. And here the method of personification is widely used: the trees, embracing like brothers, are dancing in a circular dance, two cliffs above the river dream of uniting with each other, their desire is so clear to the former recluse: they also yearn for freedom, as he yearned, languishing in his prison, to unite with nature. Here the thought appears that Mtsyri's dream will also not come true to the end. The view of the mountain landscape reminded the fugitive of his childhood, his native village. And now a vision is already before my eyes - moonlit evenings, the brilliance of weapons, my father on a horse. He remembers the sounds of songs and speeches of his sisters, and the stories of the old people. One of the most striking and important images is the image of a mountain stream: ... Although without words I could understand that conversation, Silent murmuring, eternal dispute With a stubborn pile of stones. Mtsyri understands the flow because it is his soul; also strengthened by a thunderstorm, it rose up and broke the old channel. But it is useless to argue with heavy stones, the hero laments. With an abundance of various images and combinations of landscapes, Lermontov achieves the full disclosure of the image of the protagonist. As in any romantic work, in this poem the landscapes form the image of the hero, forcing him to play with all possible shades of feelings. In general, we can say that the landscape in "Mtsyri" is a typical example of a romantic landscape, with all its functions, features and characteristics, which, of course, testifies to the purity of the work's style.

To use the preview of presentations, create a Google account (account) and sign in: https://accounts.google.com

Slides captions:

Landscape sketches in M. Yu. Lermontov's poem "Mtsyri" Literature lesson in grade 8 (testing text knowledge, ability to analyze text)

(lesson 2 in the system of lessons on the work of M. Yu. Lermontov) Objectives: we check the knowledge of the text, we learn to understand the relationship between the feelings of the author, the lyrical hero and the reader, we develop creative abilities, we cultivate the ability to perceive beauty. Information sources: the text of the poem "Mtsyri" (any edition), the album of reproductions "M. Y. Lermontov. The lesson is held in a computer class due to the need to use the graphic editor Paint.

1. Repetition: testing knowledge of the text What did the Caucasus mean to Lermontov? Remember what works Lermontov dedicated to him (viewing reproductions of Lermontov's paintings in the album). Retelling of the plot of the poem "Mtsyri". What emotions did you catch while reading? Moving on to checking homework: how does the landscape in this work help to understand the state of the lyrical hero?

2. Checking homework: reading selected landscape sketches. Do you want to know what I saw in the wild? - lush fields, Hills covered with a crown of Trees that have grown all around, rustling with a fresh crowd, Like brothers in a circular dance. I saw piles of dark rocks, when the stream separated them, And I guessed their thoughts: It was given to me from above! There was a stream running through the gorge. It was noisy, but shallow; To him, on the golden sand, I go to play at noon And with the eyes of the swallows followed, When they touched the waves before the rain with their wings.

And everything in heaven was light and quiet. Through the vapors, two mountains blackened in the distance. Our monastery, because of one, Sparkled with battlements. Below, Aragva and Kura, Wrapping around the soles of fresh islands with a silver border, Along the roots of whispering bushes, They ran together and easily ... The moon was shining above, and only one cloud crept after it, As if after its prey, Opening its greedy arms. The world was dark and silent; Only with a silvery fringe Tops of snowy chains Glittered in front of me in the distance And a stream splashed on the banks.

When I start to die, And believe you won't have long to wait, You led me to move Into our garden, to the place where two white Azaleas bloomed ... The grass between them is so thick, And the fresh air is so fragrant, And so transparently golden Playing in the sun sheet! They put me there. With the radiance of a blue day, I'll get drunk for the last time. From there you can see the Caucasus! Perhaps from his heights he will send me a farewell greeting, He will send with a cool breeze ... And near me, before the end of the Native land, a sound will be heard again! And I will begin to think that friend Il brother, bending over me, Wiped the cold sweat from the face of death with an attentive hand And that He sings to me in an undertone about a dear country ... And with this thought I will fall asleep, And I will not curse anyone! ..

3. Conversation about what was read: checking the ability to navigate in the text We saw different pictures of nature, as if through the eyes of the main character. At what moments are vivid, life-affirming images shown to us? How does the poet use personification? What features of the worldview of the lyrical hero speaks of his vision of the world? What unusual epithets are found in the poem? What surprised us Lermontov?

4. Text research (written work) What colors does the author use in landscape sketches? What images grab your attention first? Why? How does the mood of the hero respond to everything that he sees around him? What pictures of nature that Mtsyri saw made the deepest impression on you? Why?

5. Creative work (in a graphic editor) Try to create a picture that will convey your feelings after reading the poem "Mtsyri". Use the colors and images that were discussed during the preparatory work.

The result of the work done: Album "Pictures of nature in the works of M. Yu. Lermontov"

Hills covered with a crown of Trees that have grown all around, noisy with a fresh crowd, Like brothers in a circular dance. I saw heaps of dark rocks as the stream separated them

Below, Aragva and Kura, Fringed with a silver border around the soles of fresh islands, Along the roots of whispering bushes, They ran together and easily ...

Already the moon was shining above, and only one cloud crept after it, As if after its prey, Opening its greedy arms. The world was dark and silent

The grass between them is so thick, And the fresh air is so fragrant, And the leaf playing in the sun is so transparent and golden!

After viewing creative works: Let's look at the reproductions of paintings by Lermontov himself. Did you get some similarity in the choice of colors, images? Let's try to pick up captions for M. Lermontov's paintings from his own work.

View of Tiflis

Neighborhood of Karaagach village

View of Pyatigorsk

Georgian military road near Mtskheta

Cross Pass

6. Summary of the lesson How did M. Yu. Lermontov manage to convey the feelings of his hero so fully? Can we say that nature in this poem is also to some extent a character?

Homework Indicate the compositional parts of the poem. Choose episodes that characterize the main character.

On the topic: methodological developments, presentations and notes

The presentation for a literature lesson in grade 11 on the topic "A. Blok. The poem "The Twelve" presents a lot of material that illustrates not only the work itself, but also the era of the revolution in Russia. And with ...

Integrated lesson "Entrepreneur or Acquirer?" (based on the poem by N.V. Gogol "Dead Souls")

Integrated lessons in Russian language and literature based on N.V. Gogol's poem "Dead Souls" "Entrepreneur or Purchaser?" for grade 9 considers the image of Chichikov with that ...

Methodical development of a literature lesson "Landscape sketches in the works of Russian literature and painting"

The lesson reveals the concept of landscape in literature on the examples of the works of Russian writers of the 19th century....

The landscape in the poem "Mtsyri" has a special role, since, on the one hand, it helps to penetrate deeper into the soul of the hero and understand him. On the other hand, he himself acts in the work as an actively acting character.
The action of the poem takes place not far from the Caucasian mountain range, near the confluence of two rivers, the Aragva and the Kura. Something wild and primordial emanates from these places, and it is easy to believe that such a proud and rebellious nature as Mtsyri could grow up here. This landscape ideally met all the author's intentions and fully corresponded to the concept of a romantic landscape: unusual and contrasting. In addition, for a contemporary reader of Lermontov, the very concept of the Caucasus served as a synonym for freedom and free-thinking, since everyone objectionable to the regime was exiled there (this is how the author himself ended up there).
The landscape in the poem is presented from two points of view: the way the author sees it, and the way Mtsyri sees it. The first landscape that appears before the reader is a dull and sad monastic landscape. Describing it, as opposed to subsequent images of wildlife, sparingly and dryly, Lermontov immediately outlines a romantic conflict between two worlds: the world of freedom and unfreedom. Note that nowhere in the poem is it mentioned in detail how badly Mtsyri lived in the monastery. But this can be easily guessed from his enthusiastic account of what he saw during the short three days of his escape. Sunlight, a light breeze, flowering plants and singing birds - that's all the charm of life that Mtsyri, locked in stone walls, was deprived of. Thanks to the views of the mountains that opened before him, the protagonist remembers his family. So Mtsyri comes to realize what is most important for him in life, so the dream of getting home is born in his soul.
Throughout the story, the landscape reflects changes in the mood of Mtsyri, it changes along with him. At the very beginning of Mtsyra's wanderings, everything is depicted in a major note, the colors of nature are bright and vibrant: “blue sky”, “white caravan”, “transparent greenery” and “golden east”. The space feels huge and free: "lush fields", "overgrown trees". But then Mtsyri realizes that his dream is impossible, and the world around him is changing. Now he has a dark forest in front of him, leading the hero astray, scorching heat, "thorns tangled with ivy." The space narrows, pushing Mtsyri back into his cell-prison. It can be seen here that the role of the landscape in the poem "Mtsyri" is not limited to one background against which the story unfolds. On the contrary, in some places the landscape, as it were, itself forms further events, leading the hero to a completely natural ending.
In the second part of the poem, Lermontov uses the method of personifying nature. His poetic mastery is especially evident in the culminating episode with the leopard: the night forest freezes, watching the terrible battle, and itself reminds the reader of a living and unkind creature.
The leopard himself is also perceived as a rational being with his own bad will - he, like the thicket, blocks Mtsyri's way to his homeland. The landscape acquires human features and becomes the antagonist of Mtsyra. Even nature rebels against the hero, and we see what is the role of the landscape in Lermontov's poem "Mtsyri" - it consists in creating a motive of absolute loneliness. The tragedy of Mtsyra is that none of the two worlds, neither the monastic nor the natural, turned out to be truly native to him, he was expelled from everywhere. Yes, nature gave him a sense of freedom, but she also destroyed him ...

All the ideas of the poet's late lyrics were reflected in this work. By the end of his life, the theme of loneliness became the leading theme in Lermontov's work. But, in comparison with the early lyrics, now the loneliness of the lyrical hero is perceived as his freedom,

That is, he considered for himself the principle of romantic dualism in a new way (the traditional principle of romantics, built on the difference for the poet of the world “here” and the world “there”, the opposition of the ideal and the real). Thus, the poet came to a new perception of the relationship between the hero and the outside world.

Of great importance in revealing the image of the lonely, suffering and free Mtsyri is the romantic landscape. In general, it is one of the most meaningful compositional components of a work of art. It does not carry independent value, it is almost never simply objectively real.

The image of nature, especially in a romantic work, where it is sharply subjective, symbolic and obeys the principle of psychological parallelism - that is, likening the internal state of a person to living nature. In other words, for romantics, nature is a peculiar way of seeing and depicting the world.

"Mtsyri" is a typical romantic poem. It is built on the idea of duality and contrast. A distinctive feature of Lermontov-romantics is precisely that in his poems one can find a wide variety of conflicts. One of the main ones is the contrast between the world of the monastery, a prison for Mtsyra, and the world of nature, the embodiment of freedom, which Lermontov used more than once in his early lyrics. The conflict between the two opposite worlds of the monastery contrasts sharply with the vivid description of the forest, the river, the storm and the leopard. Throughout the poem, the landscape is the background of the action, which not only adds color to the flaring confrontation, but also helps to understand the nature of the conflict.

The landscape of the world, which is located outside the walls of the monastery, mainly forms the image of Mtsyri himself. The hero is identified with nature, by depicting its various states, the poet artistically conveys the various states of the soul of a young man - from a storm that can destroy everything in its path, to a quiet dawn, striking with its harmony.

Nature for Lermontov is a living being. Human suffering is not alien to him; with the help of the landscape, the author manages to describe the inner world of the hero with unusual accuracy.

From extremely stingy sketches of the landscape of the monastery, Lermontov moves on to the embodiment of freedom - the nature of the forest, he describes an extraordinary, demonic riot of sounds and colors.

One of the climaxes of the poem is the meeting of the hero with the leopard. In it, the author shows the complete unity of Mtsyri with nature. The description of the battle is in perfect harmony with the landscape, the world seemed to freeze under the moon, watching the battle; a fairy-tale glade in the forest is an arena for a fight between a romantic hero and a beast, the embodiment of nature itself.

In the scene of the battle with the leopard, along with the antithesis, personification is used. The author departed from the description of the general image of nature. He endows the leopard, the moon and the forest with human qualities. This organically complements the classic romantic landscape. One feels a kind of tension in the air, which cannot leave the reader indifferent. In this scene, all the riot of nature, described during the escape of Mtsyra, is now reflected in the soul of the reader; By this the author emphasizes the importance of the episode.

But other descriptions are no less interesting. At the very beginning of the poem, the author, through the mouth of Mtsyra, makes unusually accurate sketches of landscapes that the unfortunate young man managed to enjoy during his three short days in the wild. And here the method of personification is widely used: the trees, embracing like brothers, are dancing in a circular dance, two cliffs above the river dream of uniting with each other, their desire is so clear to the former recluse: they also yearn for freedom, as he yearned, languishing in his prison, to unite with nature. Here the thought appears that Mtsyri's dream will also not come true to the end.

The view of the mountain landscape reminded the fugitive of his childhood, his native village. And now a vision is already before my eyes - moonlit evenings, the brilliance of weapons, my father on a horse. He remembers the sounds of songs and speeches of his sisters, and the stories of the old people.

One of the most striking and important images is the image of a mountain stream:

…Although without words

I understood that conversation

Silent murmur, eternal dispute

With a stubborn pile of stones.

Mtsyri understands the flow because it is his soul; also strengthened by a thunderstorm, it rose up and broke the old channel. But it is useless to argue with heavy stones, the hero laments.

With an abundance of various images and combinations of landscapes, Lermontov achieves the full disclosure of the image of the protagonist. As in any romantic work, in this poem the landscapes form the image of the hero, forcing him to play with all possible shades of feelings. In general, we can say that the landscape in "Mtsyra" is a typical example of a romantic landscape, with all its functions, features and characteristics, which, of course, testifies to the purity of the style of the work.