The role of the Russian language as a language of international communication. Russian is the language of international communication

PROJECT

"Russian language as a means of international communication"

Project subjects: students, teachers, parents, library, social partners of MKOU “Gymnasium No. A.A. Aliyev, Kizilyurt

Content block of the project passport

Block Description

Project summary

The project is aimed at strengthening and expanding the possibilities of using the Russian language as a means of interethnic communication, at improving the quality of in-depth knowledge of the Russian language, at the formation of civil competence by means of the Russian language.

The project is dedicated to the Russian language as the most powerful means of interethnic communication, friendship, unity among the peoples of the Russian Federation.

Within the framework of the project, a number of events are planned to arouse interest in the study of the Russian language and literature through a system of master classes in the culture of speech, a competition in Russian calligraphy, a correspondence competition of presentations “My Pushkin”, an exhibition dedicated to the Russian language and A.S. Pushkin, public readings of poems about the Russian language "Revived Lines". In the course of the project, problems of teaching Russian as a second language will be identified, and proposals will be made to solve them.

The Russian language is the national language, the exponent and custodian of the spiritual culture of the Russian people.

As a means of interethnic communication, the Russian language helps to solve the problems of political, economic and cultural development of a multinational country - Russia. This language plays the role of an intermediary between all the languages ​​of the peoples of our republic, serves the mutual enrichment of national cultures, since works of fiction of all nationalities are translated into Russian.

Today, the Russian language is not only a means of communication between the peoples of Dagestan, the peoples of Russia and beyond its borders, it has become for us an important factor in the flourishing of our national cultures. Dagestanis through the Russian language directly joined Russian fiction, scientific and socio-political literature.

Through the Russian language, our peoples began to study the works, monuments of culture and literature of other peoples, both in our country and around the world.

Finally, through the Russian language, the best creations of Dagestan writers became known to the Russian and world readers. In the conditions of multilingualism (there are fourteen written state languages ​​in the republic), only the Russian language is able to be the language of interethnic communication.

In Dagestan, the Russian language serves as a factor of consolidation, rapprochement of all Dagestan peoples into a single multinational people, which has received its confirmation in the Constitution of the Republic of Dagestan.

2. Description of the problem

Citizens of Russia understand the importance of the Russian language as a way of consolidating the peoples of our country, but today in the minds of young people, indifference, selfishness, cynicism, and disrespect for the state language are widespread. This causes concern for the future of Russia, and yet the fate of the country fully depends on the development of society, which is based on a generation of young people. According to L. N. Tolstoy, "the morality of a person is visible in his attitude to the word."

The problem is perceived as a discrepancy between the quality of knowledge, skills and abilities in the subject "Russian language" and the expected results, enshrined in various state documents. Analysis of the legal framework that determines the status of the Russian language, the features of its state-legal support and ensuring the rights of citizens to use it, the specifics of the functioning of the Russian language in the national republics of the Russian Federation, consideration of fundamental documents in the field of language policy, such as laws "On the languages ​​of peoples of the Russian Federation”, “On the state language of the Russian Federation”, “On education”, Government Decrees “On approval of the rules for the preparation of regulatory legal acts of federal executive bodies and their state registration”, “On the procedure for approving the norms of the modern Russian literary language when it is used in as the state language of the Russian Federation, the rules of Russian spelling and punctuation”, “On the establishment of the Interdepartmental Commission on the Russian language”, “On the federal target program “Russian Language” for 2011-2015” (GOVERNMENT RESOLUTION dated June 20, 2011 N 492 “ ABOUT FEDERAL TARGET PROGRAM "RUSSIAN LANGUAGE" FOR 2011-2015" (as amended by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 02.04.2012 N 281), personal self-awareness of teachers of the pedagogical community of the Russian language and literature require the organization of activities to find means to change the situation. I think that the main tool at this stage can be a gymnasium, purposefully working to solve the problem.

The official language in our country is Russian. But this does not mean that other languages, such as Avar, Kumyk or Chechen, are somehow worse. However, with what is a citizen of his Fatherland inextricably linked? With the Motherland, with its history, culture, traditions and, of course, with the language. The purpose of education M.V. Lomonosov saw in the upbringing of a citizen, whose main qualities are “disinterested service to the Motherland, diligence, high morality. It is impossible to educate a citizen without love for one's history, native language and literature.

I conducted a sociological survey "Language is the basis of citizenship" in different social groups: schoolchildren, parents and graduates of the school, residents of the village of Novy Sulak. The survey results showed that all respondents know what language is the state language of the Russian Federation and are confident that the Russian language plays a consolidating role in society, but 81% made spelling mistakes, 29% believe that there is no need to know the norms of the Russian language. This is due to the fact that the formation of attitudes towards the Russian language as a value, the wealth of our people is problematic.

The preservation of the language, concern for its further development and enrichment is a guarantee of the preservation and development of Russian culture, therefore every citizen of the Russian Federation, no matter who he works, no matter what position he holds, is responsible for the state of the language of his country.

Who owns the Russian language?

The Russian language is the national treasure of all the peoples of the Russian Federation. Our state is proud of each of the languages ​​spoken by its citizens and seeks to preserve them.

According to the census, representatives of more than 160 nationalities live in Russia today, and each of them has its own language, unlike the others. The Russian language is the state language, it is very important to understand how acute the problem of development, preservation of the Russian language, protection and struggle for its purity is for us and for the entire civil society. This will help to establish the national character, patriotism and citizenship of our people. Careful attitude to the Russian language is one of the components of the national idea. The Russian language is not only an opportunity to be heard and understood in any, the most distant, corner of our country, it is also a linguistic picture of the world as a dynamic entity that reflects linguistic intervention in reality. Appreciating and taking care of the state language is a responsibility and a component of Russian citizenship.

3. Objective of the project

Preservation and protection of the Russian language, its popularization as a means of interethnic communication for solving common political, economic, cultural, social problems, strengthening friendly ties between peoples living in the territory of Novy Sulak;

Formation of attitude to the Russian language as a value of life, as a means of preserving the culture of a Russian citizen;

Raising the responsibility of the younger generation for preserving the integrity, richness and purity of the state language, and therefore the Fatherland as a whole through the creation of the youth movement "Heirs of the Russian Language";

Improving the quality of ZUN, language, cultural, civic competence of graduates of the gymnasium.

Project objectives:

1. To develop a sense of personal responsibility to future generations for the preservation of the Russian language.

2. To form ideas about the Russian language as the language of the Russian people, the state language of the Russian Federation, a means of interethnic communication, consolidation and unity of the peoples of Russia, a means of preserving the culture of a Russian citizen.

3. Attract the attention of schoolchildren, youth and the general public to the problems of language culture.

4. To form the civil competence of the younger generation.

5. Ensure the vital activity of the youth movement "Heirs of the Russian language"

Search for ways to solve the problems of teaching Russian as a non-native language, improving the culture of speech.

Unleashing the creative potential of a person through familiarization with Russian calligraphy, creating creative works

Introduction of representatives of different generations, nationalities to the heritage of A.S. Pushkin, M.Yu. Lermontov, poets, composers of the Pushkin era through participation in the competition "Love, appreciate and know the Russian language ..."

Research methods:

analytical reading;

search, contextual analysis;

study of monographic publications and articles;

generalizations;

questionnaire, survey.

Project product

Group projects (abstracts and presentations)

Project object:

Language, its history, development, problems.

Project subject:

Project activities aimed at increasing interest in the language, as well as organizing search and research activities with students.

Didactic goals of the project

Formation of skills of independent work.

Formation of creative abilities.

Development of cognitive activity.

Development of communication skills.

Formation of critical thinking.

Methodical tasks of the project

To teach how to work with various sources of information, briefly and scientifically express thoughts.

Demonstrate the connection of the Russian language with other sciences.

Learn to draw conclusions, argue and prove them.

Teach students how to use information correctly.

Build self-education skills;

Build teamwork skills;

Develop the ability to formulate a problem and find ways to solve it;

Build self-control skills.

Target groups targeted by the project:

schoolchildren, parents, teachers, residents of the village of Novy Sulak.

Project Implementation Mechanism

The personality of a person includes such components as knowledge (includes knowledge of spelling, spelling and punctuation norms of the language), motivational (recognition of the need for competent Russian speech when applying for a job, in a career and in everyday life) and communicative-activity (communication on Russian language and its use in everyday life, scientific and professional sphere) .

At each stage of personality development, among the most significant tasks are the education of a citizen and a patriot, the formation of a sense of patriotism through the development of love and respect for the language, literature and values ​​of national culture.

This project consists of two stages. The first of them will be implemented on the basis of MKOU "Gymnasium No. A.A. Aliyev, Kizilyurt. In the future, it is planned to repeat the activities of this stage on a city scale.

I stage "Russian language" as a zone of ecological disaster":

Conducting a sociological survey "Language is the basis of citizenship";

Literary competition among students in grades 5-9 "Whoever loses his native language will be left without a homeland";

Interschool Olympiad "Russian is my second language";

- “The Russian language is the national treasure of the Russian state, of every true citizen of the Fatherland!”;

Publication of a number of articles on the problems of the culture of Russian speech and the preservation of the integrity of the language and society in the newspaper "Kizilyurt Vesti" and "Teacher of Dagestan";

Distribution of leaflets "Speak correctly!" (spelling cards);

Creation and functioning of the group "Heirs of the Russian language" in the social network of educators nsportal.ru and / or info lesson;

II stage of the project “You still do not know Russian - then we are going to you!”:

Recruitment and training of activists, dissemination of project ideas in the process of this training;

Creation of the coordinating group "Living like life" on the basis of the resource center - MKOU "Gymnasium No. 5 named after. A.A. Aliyev, Kizilyurt

Discussion of the question “Know Russian, why?” in the format of a direct dialogue with students and parents and residents of the village;

Creating a blog to discuss the state of the Russian language in the village;

PR campaigns “Our strength is in unity!”, “You may not be a linguist, but you must be a citizen!”;

Carrying out a photo session for young people “We are filming against the backdrop of Pushkin, friends ...”;

Organization of the action "Gift for a newborn - the first book in life."

Methods and forms of project implementation:

1) Carrying out social actions, events in defense of the state language;

2) Unification of the younger generation in the youth movement "Heirs of the Russian language";

3) Organization and holding of the interschool Olympiad and competition among schoolchildren “Russian is my second native”;

4) Creation of the project site;

5) Carrying out a number of flash mobs;

6) Discussion of the problem in the newspaper "Kizilyurt news";

7) Carrying out PR-actions;

8) Organization of trainings on the culture of the Russian language;

10) Development of teaching aids.

Project Implementation Schedule

I stage : September - December 2018

II stage : 2019

Expected results

1. Increasing the interest of the younger generation in the ideas of the movement;

2. Creation and functioning of the centers: "One language - a strong country", "Live as life" (on the basis of MKOU "Gymnasium No. 5 named after A.A. Aliyev", Kizilyurt);

5. The program and content of the trainings "Russian for students - parents"

6. Methodical subscription (a series of consultations on the Russian language for everyone).

7. Implementation of the idea of ​​forming an interactive Russian language service.

8. Inclusion of students and teachers in the study of the Russian language within the framework of the scientific and social program of young researchers "Step into the Future". “S.I. Ozhegov repeatedly repeated the idea that experimental research and a permanent service of the Russian word were needed. Surveys of the state of literary language norms, analysis of current trends and forecasting of the most probable development paths - these aspects<…>"reasonable and objectively justified normalization" of the language is an important part of the activities of the Department of Culture of Speech today. We allow ourselves to add: not only departments of speech culture, but, above all, the citizens themselves, students, their parents, residents of the village of Novy Sulak.

The Russian language is still a means of communication in vast territories, including both Europe and Asia. It is the state language of Russia, the status of the Russian language in the Russian Federation is determined by the Law of the Russian Federation on the Russian language. The leading role of the Russian language in the Russian Federation is determined by its social functions - it is the language of interethnic communication and a means of uniting the peoples of Russia, the native language of more than 80% of its citizens.

The state takes care of the preservation of the Russian language and literature.

And in conclusion, I want to quote L.I. Skvortsov “Today, the Russian language is undoubtedly activating its dynamic tendencies and entering a new transition in its historical development. Now, of course, it is too early to make any predictions about the paths that the Russian language will follow, serving the development of new forms of consciousness and life activity. After all, the language develops according to its objective internal laws, although it reacts vividly to all sorts of "external influences".

That is why our language requires constant close attention, careful care - especially at the critical stage of social development that it is going through. We all the world must help the language to discover its original essence of concreteness, definiteness of formulation and transmission of thought.

“Society is confused, society is split, and without the Russian language and Russian literature we cannot find a way to each other,” says Natalia Solzhenitsyna, president of the Alexander Solzhenitsyn Russian Charitable Foundation.

Take care of the Russian language and literature! This is our national pride.

References.

Vvedenskaya L.A. Russian language and culture of speech: a textbook for universities. - Ed.30s. - Rostov-on-Don: Phoenix, 2011.

A.L. Arefiev. Russian language at the turn of the XX-XXI centuries. (Electronic resource). - M.: Center for Social Forecasting and Marketing, 2012.

K. Chukovsky "Alive as life", Ed. "Young Guard", 1962

L.I. Skvortsov. Ecology of the word, or Let's talk about the culture of Russian speech, 1996

Federal Law on the Russian language.

Federal Target Program "Russian Language for 2016-2020"

National program for the support and development of reading for 2007-2020.

Decrees of the President of the Russian Federation.

Internet resources:

Consultant Plus .

http://trueinform.ru/modules.php

http://www.dialogi.su/discussions/

www.rg.ru/plus/poezia.

http://zhurnalov.net/magazines/.

http://ria.ru/news_company/2015

Textologia.ru http://www.textologia.ru/

Appendix

Survey on the topic "Popularization and preservation of language and literature"

What is the place of the Russian language and literature in modern society?

Name the functions of the Russian language.

Do you think there are problems in the field of the Russian language and literature? Which?

Do you read books?

Why is interest in reading falling in society?

Explain the reasons for the state's attention to the functioning and preservation of the Russian language and literature.

What policy is being pursued by the state to strengthen the positions of the Russian language and literature in the modern world.

What organizations, periodicals, TV programs carry out work in the field of popularization of the Russian language and literature?

In your opinion, what measures should be taken to save the social status of the Russian language and literature?

Our Motherland is a multinational state. The Russian language is a means of communication between the peoples of our country and Therefore, it is called the language of interethnic communication. The study of the Russian language contributes to the mutual exchange of experience between our peoples, to familiarize them with the cultural achievements in our country and with world culture.

In different countries they study Russian, which has become the language of international importance, along with English, Spanish, Chinese.

Documents of the Organization are published in Russian United Nations, international agreements and treaties on important vital issues of cooperation between the peoples of the world are written on it. Interest in the Russian language is connected with the desire of people from different countries to get to know the culture of Russia, its science and technology, the way of life of a Russian person. Thus, the Russian language is of world importance.

The Russian language, which was the main language of interethnic communication in the USSR, was able to preserve its dialects far from in all the republics that gained independence, and in the 1990s of the victorious procession of the “university parade”, Russian began to be actively replaced in some republics. As a symbol of Soviet totalitarianism. Although in the 90s there were still a lot.

How does the Russian language feel today in the post-Soviet space?

In Azerbaijan, in Soviet times, not knowing the Russian language was considered bad form. Bakuvians even had a special reprimand: the obligatory “Yes!” at the end of any sentence.

Today there are about 150 thousand Russians in Azerbaijan, 378 Russian schools. All Russian TV channels are broadcast, local TV and radio programs are broadcast in Russian. But still The Russian language is slowly being pushed out of everyday life. In 2003, the translation from Cyrillic to "Azerbaijani Latin" began. Today, priority is given to English.

In Kazakhstan, the Russian language, according to the Constitution of the Republic, is the language of interethnic communication. It is spoken by more than 10% of the population, and there are four million Russians in Kazakhstan. The President of Kazakhstan addresses his people in two languages ​​- first in Kazakh, and then in Russian. In half of the schools teaching is conducted in a mixed language, in a quarter - only in Russian, 18% of television and radio programs are only in Kazakh, 34% only in Russian. There are 302 Kazakh and 477 Russian newspapers in the republic.

In Kyrgyzstan, until now, not only in the capital, but also in public centers, all documentation is kept in Russian and, in parallel, the state Kyrgyz language. In April 2004, President Akaev signed a new law that nullified certain provisions of the "On the Official (Russian) Language". The President could not help but sign the new law, because otherwise the local "patriots" would fall upon him. But to sign in that form would mean losing the trust of the Russian-speaking population. In order to relieve tension, the president added his own decree to the same law on the same day, with which he removed some “acute moments”.

But what the Russians feared most of all, then happened: on the ground, officials rushed implement the new law, but no attention was paid to the decree. For example, the head of the Osh region decided to translate office work into the state language throughout the region, install the Kyrgyz font on computers!!! Of course, the measures may remain on paper, no money will be found for implementation, and everything will be the same as before: laws and decrees by themselves, life by itself. But this may also be the beginning of the expulsion of the Russian language,

In Tajikistan, President Rakhmokov signed a decree in 2003 making Russian language compulsory in all schools. While some see it as just a sign of loyalty to Moscow. There are only 1% of Russians in the republic. There are no purely Russian schools, only mixed schools. There is a Russian-Tajik Slavic University in Dushanbe, where education is in Russian. Recently, interest in learning the Russian language has increased, because it is necessary for those who go to Russia to work.

In Turkmenistan, 10 years ago in (1994) a law was adopted, according to which the Russian language is the language of interethnic communication, it is practically ousted from all spheres life. There is not a single Russian or Russian-speaking leader left in Turkmenistan. Signboards and signs in Russian are prohibited. Only one newspaper comes out. The broadcasting of Russian TV has been stopped. However, in Ashgabat, Russian is still popular, and Russian newspapers are passed from hand to hand. Performances in Russian at the Turkmen State Drama Theater; theater them. Pushkin are held with a full house.

In Uzbekistan, out of 9,720 schools in the republic, only 150 are Russian. And although the Russian is officially deprived of rights, official events with the participation of delegations are indispensable without him, not only near, but far abroad: only in Russian is the translation of negotiations, press conferences. Foreign diplomats, businessmen are translated from their own language into Russian by translators. It is said that many Tashkenters took it as a personal grief when the Russian voice that announced the stations disappeared from the subway. By the way, the wife of the President of Uzbekistan Karimov Tatyana is Russian.

The existing attitudes towards the Russian language in the former Soviet republics today are polar opposites - in some (if translated into the language of grammar) it is a “noun”, in others it is an “adjective”, and in others it is a real “passive participle”. The Russian language is respected, which is also enshrined at the state level in Belarus, Kazakhstan, and Kyrgyzstan.

Russian has become some kind of “adjective” in Armenia, Tajikistan, Azerbaijan, Lithuania, Estonia, Georgia - they don’t seem to be persecuted, but they don’t seem to favor either,

And a real "passive" Russian was made in Latvia, Turkmenistan and, what is especially it's a shame, they are trying to do it in Ukraine, where the majority of the population speaks Russian. The displacement of the Russian language does not at all depend on its popularity among the people and even on the Russians living in the republic. This is a type of curtsey by local nationalists or in general a “solo” living country, designed to demonstrate “fashionable” pro-Westernism. Only this is bad not only for the Russians living in the country, but also bad for the exiling country itself, its economy. And many in the former republics of the USSR are already beginning to understand this; Tajiks began to learn Russian, maybe the Latvians will remember.

Language is the most important means of human communication, knowledge and creative development of the surrounding reality.

Russian is the national language of the Russian people. The Russian national language developed in the 16th-17th centuries. in connection with the formation of the Moscow state. It was based on Moscow and adjacent local dialects. The further development of the Russian national language is associated with its normalization and formation in the 18th-19th centuries. literary language. The literary language combined the features of the northern and southern dialects: in the phonetic system, the consonants corresponded to the consonants of the northern dialects, and the vowels were closer to the pronunciation in the southern dialects; vocabulary has more overlap with northern dialects (for example, rooster, but not kochet, wolf, but not biryuk).

Old Slavonic had a significant influence on the formation of the Russian national language. Its influence on the Russian language was undoubtedly beneficial: this is how borrowings entered the Russian literary language. disposition, drag, ignoramus, head, etc., Russian participles with suffixes -ah (-ch) were supplanted by Old Church Slavonic participles with suffixes -ashch (-box) (burning instead of hot).

In the course of its formation and development, the Russian national language borrowed and continues to borrow elements from other, unrelated languages, such as, for example, French, German, English, etc.

The national Russian language is a complex phenomenon, heterogeneous in its composition. And this is understandable: after all, it is used by people who differ in their social status, occupation, place of birth and residence, age, gender, level of culture, etc. All these differences of people are reflected in the language. Therefore, the language exists in several varieties:

· territorial dialects, as a local variety of language, exist in oral form and serve mainly for everyday communication (for example, busit, instead of drizzle, rudder, instead of towel and etc.).

· vernacular- a type of language used in the speech of poorly educated native speakers (for example, TV set, instead of TV, play up instead of play, bake, instead of you bake and etc.).

· Professional jargons- this is a type of language that is used in the speech of people of one profession (for example, spark, instead of spark at the drivers batten down the hatches instead of close the sailors say training aircraft called ladybug pilots, etc.).

· Social jargon use socially isolated groups of people in their speech (for example, spur, steppe- from student jargon, ancestors, horse racing- from youth jargon, etc.).

Territorial dialects, professional and social jargons, vernacular are included as an integral part of the national Russian language, but the basis, the highest form of existence of the national language is literary language. It serves various spheres of human activity: politics, legislation, culture, art, office work, everyday communication.

One of the main signs of a literary language - normalization. The normalization of the literary language lies in the fact that the meaning and use of words, pronunciation, spelling and the formation of grammatical forms are subject to a generally accepted pattern - the norm. Along with normalization, the literary language has the following features:

Sustainability (stability);

Mandatory for all native speakers;

Processed;

Availability of functional styles;

The presence of oral and written forms.

In accordance with the "Law on the languages ​​of the peoples of Russia", the Russian language, which is the main means of interethnic communication between the peoples of the Russian Federation, in accordance with the established historical and cultural traditions, has the status state language throughout Russia.

Functions of the Russian language as a state language:

1. The Russian language is the language in which the highest legislative bodies of the Russian Federation work.

2. Texts of laws and other legal acts are published in Russian.

3. The Russian language as the state language is studied in secondary, secondary vocational and higher educational institutions.

4. Russian is the language of the mass media.

5. Russian is the language of communication in the areas of industry, transport, communications, services and commercial activities.

On the territory of Russia with its multinational population, the “Law on the Languages ​​of the Peoples of Russia” guarantees and ensures, along with the functioning of the Russian language as the state language, the creation of conditions for the development of the state languages ​​of the republics of the Russian Federation, for the preservation and development of the languages ​​of small peoples and ethnic groups.

The Russian language is not only the language of interethnic communication between the peoples of Russia, but also the peoples of the former CIS.

The functions of the Russian language are not limited to life within the nation and the Russian state, but also cover international spheres of communication, since the Russian language is one of the world languages. World languages ​​are called languages ​​that are means of interstate, international communication.

The Russian language has become one of the world languages ​​since the middle of the 20th century. The number of those who speak Russian to one degree or another now exceeds half a billion people. The Russian language meets all the requirements for world languages:

• The Russian language is a means of communication for scientists, one of the languages ​​of science.
• Russian is studied as a foreign language in many countries of the world.
• Russian is the working language of such international organizations as: the UN, UNESCO, etc.

The Russian language is the language of the richest fiction, the world significance of which is exceptionally great.

Today there are more than 10 thousand languages ​​and dialects on the planet. This was reported not so long ago by David Dalby, head of the international organization Linguistic Observatory, headquartered in Carmarthen.

The Russian language is one of the most widely spoken languages ​​in the world: according to some estimates, up to 300 million people on the planet consider it their native language. An even greater number of people use it in international and professional communication.

Texts in Russian are the history of civilization. It is they who record its achievements for many centuries. And the heart of this great civilization of world significance is literature - sacred Russian literature, as Thomas Mann spoke of it. Its spiritual heights, embodied in a unique, richest language, are both an object of study for us, philologists, and a source of pride for Russian specialists all over the world.

And what is the language of interethnic communication?

The language of interethnic communication is the language that is used by the peoples of a multinational state for mutual communication.

The Russian language is the language of interethnic communication, since Russia is multinational. And it serves all areas of activity of people living on Russian territory. And also in Russian they write the most important documents of the country and hold a meeting, etc.

In the middle of the twentieth century, the Russian language became the world language. Russian is one of the Indo-European languages, and related to many Slavic languages.

It is one of the most developed world languages. Its rich vocabulary and terms in all branches of science and technology, brevity, expressiveness and clarity of lexical and grammatical means, the development of a system of functional styles provide an opportunity to reflect the diversity of the surrounding world. The Russian language can be used in all spheres of public life, through it the most diverse information is transmitted, the subtlest shades of thought are expressed.

The second reason why the Russian language is widespread is that many emigrants from Russia live in Europe, in the USA, in Canada. Russians also love to travel the world and read books and communicate with people. I heard that in some American or Israeli cities all sellers know Russian: they have Russian-speaking buyers. Arabs and Turks learn Russian: Russians come to them to rest. And I also heard that in Beijing there is even a Russian shopping center, where all the sellers know Russian very well.

The third reason for the significance of the Russian language in the world is literature. Russian literature is one of the greatest in world culture. The names of Dostoevsky, Tolstoy, Chekhov and other great writers are known in far corners of the planet. Germans, French, Spaniards study Russian at universities in order to read the works of these authors in the original.

Now in the world among the languages ​​of interethnic communication, English is the leader. English words penetrate even into the Russian language, often littering it. But I think it's all relative.

Firstly, now a whole army of translators is working, translating from Russian into English: Russian culture influences the English language too. Secondly, once upon a time there was already a fashion: everyone spoke French. Then the fashion changed, and people rushed to something new. And the great and rich Russian language, Russian culture live for centuries and will continue to live.

M.V. Lomonosov wrote: “Charles 5, the Roman emperor, said that it was decent to speak Spanish with God, French with friends, German with the enemy, Italian with the female sex. But if he had been taught the Russian language, then of course he would have added that it was proper for them to speak with all of them, for he would find in him the splendor of Spanish, the liveliness of French, the strength of German, the tenderness of Italian, and, moreover, the richness of the brevity of Greek and Latin strong in images. language."

The first All-Russian census for 1897 out of 128 million inhabitants of the Russian Empire, 86 million people spoke Russian. According to the All-Union Census of 1989 in the USSR, out of 285.7 million people, 145.4 were Russians, and 232.4 million people spoke Russian. According to the 1989 census, out of 146.5 million are Russians, almost 50% of the non-Russian country is fluent in Russian. 1989 show that 63.8 million people of the non-Russian population of the former Soviet republics of the USSR speak Russian as their native language or as a second language.

At present, when Mongolia is entering into new socio-economic relations, when our society is becoming more and more open, the demand for other foreign languages ​​is sharply increasing, that is, it becomes necessary to know 2-3 foreign languages.

Russians have a great political and economic influence in many countries, especially in Mongolia. Now the spread of the Russian language in the countries of the former USSR is not to everyone's liking. Some politicians seek to oust it and claim that it oppresses national languages. But people still communicate with each other in Russian, read Russian newspapers and books. The significance of the Russian language cannot be eliminated by artificial means.

One of these languages ​​is Russian. In the new socio-economic conditions, interest in the Russian language and its importance in Mongolia remain. And why? There are several reasons for this:

• Interest in Russia, in its language among the Mongols has historical traditions.
• Geographically, Russia and Mongolia are the closest neighbors.
• Development of versatile contacts between Russia and Mongolia in the new economic conditions. Russia is one of the most real economic partners of Mongolia.
• The Russian language still remains the main source of information, which is due to the following reasons: the intelligentsia, including the average Mongol, have a fairly good knowledge of the Russian language, the predominance of serious scientific literature, newspapers and magazines in Russian, interest in Russian television programs.
• Sufficiently high professional training of Mongolian Russianists, both in theoretical and practical terms. Scientific research has always been at the center of attention of Russianists.
• Creation of private schools with instruction in Russian according to Russian programs, the founders of which are business people who are sensitive to demand, that is, to the desire of parents to ensure that their children receive, first of all, good language training, as well as a better education.

In Mongolia, until 1990, the study of the Russian language in secondary schools was compulsory. In addition, taking into account the stay at that time of a larger number of Soviet specialists, there were many schools operating on the territory of the country that worked according to the program of Russian educational institutions. And not only in educational institutions, it was also included in the curriculum of the evening school for adults. Starting from the 5th grade, it was studied for 6 years.

The absence of textbooks and teaching aids in the Mongolian language and the resulting lectures in Russian served as one of the objective reasons for increasing attention to teaching the Russian language.

For example, in the curriculum of the Teachers' Institute at the beginning of the 50s, the study of the Russian language was given 2-3 times more hours than other, moreover, major subjects.

We have a rather wise saying in Mongolia, which, translated into Russian, sounds something like this: "If you open your mouth, open your soul inside out."

The last decade of the twentieth century, probably, can be called not a period of stagnation, but a period of choice, when everyone had the opportunity to determine for themselves the motive for learning a foreign language, as well as choose any foreign language for their education.

Thus, the Russian language has taken a natural place in the educational space of Mongolia, as determined by V.G. Kostomarov, "a worthy place among other foreign languages".

Conclusion

In my opinion, today the Russian language, despite everything, has not lost its relevance and demand, its nature, rooted in the depths of centuries and the secret knowledge of ancient peoples, will allow its sincere admirers to discover new and new heights of knowledge, unexplored areas of science, a promising future for younger generations. And throughout the world, the Russian language has become directly and firmly linked with general cultural and utilitarian needs.

Interest in learning the Russian language has steadily grown from year to year, in connection with which the number of study hours allocated to it has increased more and more. And Russia has been and remains the closest partner in cooperation in the field of science and technology.

The Russian language is rightfully the language of international communication, since it acts not only as the native language of the Russian people. It is the state language in the republics of the Russian Federation, the second state language in Belarus and some former republics of the Soviet Union. In our country, Russian is studied at school. All peoples inhabiting the territory of the former USSR are developing their national culture and language. The Russian language is used by these peoples as the language of interethnic communication. Knowledge of the Russian language facilitates communication between people of different nationalities, facilitates their mutual understanding.

The Russian language is one of the most widely spoken languages ​​in the world. On the globe, it is spoken by about 250 million people. In terms of prevalence, the Russian language ranks fifth in the world, second only to Chinese (it is spoken by over 1 billion people), English (420 million), Hindi and Urdu (320 million) and Spanish (300 million).

The Russian language is one of the world's languages ​​of communication. World languages ​​cover international spheres - diplomacy, world trade, tourism. Scientists from different countries communicate in them, they are studied as foreign languages, these languages ​​are the "working languages" of the United Nations (UN). The United Nations recognizes English, French, Spanish, Russian, Arabic, Chinese and Hindi as official world languages. Any document in the UN is distributed in these languages.

The Russian language has become a universally recognized world language since the middle of the 20th century. Its global significance is due to the fact that it is one of the richest languages ​​in the world, in which the greatest fiction was created. The names of Pushkin, Dostoevsky, Tolstoy, Chekhov are known all over the world.

The Russian language is one of the remarkable languages ​​of the world in terms of the variety of grammatical forms and the richness of the vocabulary. He has always been the pride of Russian writers who loved their people and their homeland. “The people who have such a language are a great people,” said one of the finest experts in the Russian word, I. S. Turgenev. M. V. Lomonosov found in the Russian language “the splendor of Spanish, the liveliness of French, the strength of German, the tenderness of Italian” and, in addition, “the richness and brevity of the Greek and Latin language, strong in images.”

The richness of the Russian language and the literature created on it arouses interest in this language all over the world. It is studied not only by students, schoolchildren, but also by adults.

“Great, mighty, truthful and free” - these are the words that I. S. Turgenev characterized the Russian language.

Thus, the huge role of the Russian language in the modern world is determined by its cultural value, its power and greatness.

Generous national heritage - I love our beautiful language. I have been speaking Turkmen since childhood, Like a mother, I got used to it. But sometimes, my friends, it happens At the hour when I sit with a pen in my hand, New words for thoughts are not enough Me in my not poor language. Life goes on, ahead of the dictionary, (How many new things, events, feelings!), Expressing your thoughts in Russian I learn a lot from Russians.

Forever logged in without translation Russian native words Into the speech and soul of every nation On the rights of spiritual kinship. I have the key to all sciences, I am familiar with the whole universe - It's because I own Russian all-encompassing language ... Semyon Danilov

Gomel

Gomel is the administrative center of the Gomel region and the Gomel region, the second largest city in the country in terms of population (484.3 thousand people as of January 1, 2010). About 500 (five hundred) thousand people live in it. Belarusians (76.7% of the total), Russians (6.9%), Ukrainians (5.1%), Jews, Poles and other nationalities live in Gomel. In the total population, 55% are women and 45% are men. The city is located in the south-east of the republic on the Sozh River.

Gomel is an old city. It was founded in 1142 (one thousand one hundred and forty-two years) on the lands of the East Slavic tribes of the Radimichi. There are at least six versions of the origin of the name Gomel. One of the most common - the name was given to it by the Gomeyuk stream, which flowed into the Sozh River at the foot of the hill, where the first settlement was once founded. At various times, Gomel was part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, the Commonwealth, the Russian Empire, the BSSR. A beautiful park, palace and cathedral have been preserved here since the 18th century.

For the entire more than eight-century history of sights in Gomel, quite a lot has been preserved. Most of them belong to the end of the XVIII-XIX centuries. All of them are concentrated in the central part of the city. These are the Gomel palace and park ensemble, founded under Count Rumyantsev-Zadunaisky (the first owner of the city after the partition of the Commonwealth); Palace of the Rumyantsevs - Paskeviches; Chapel-tomb of the Paskeviches; Peter and Paul Cathedral, 35-meter observation tower (chimney of the former sugar factory of Prince Paskevich); Hunting lodge (summer residence of the Paskevichs); Winter Garden; Elias Church; Nicholas Church and many others.

During World War II, Gomel was almost completely destroyed. After the war, only 15,000 people lived here.

Now it is a modern and beautiful city. There are tall buildings, long streets, wide avenues, large squares, old and new districts.

Gomel is divided into 4 districts: Central, Soviet, Zheleznodorozhny and Novobeletsky.

The central street in Gomel is Sovetskaya. It housed hotels, banks, shops, the Francysk Skorina University, the Spartak confectionery factory, a circus, and residential buildings.

The largest and most beautiful square in Gomel is Lenin Square. There is a drama theater, the main post office, and the regional executive committee. Near the square there is an old palace and park ensemble, one of the most beautiful in Belarus.

Gomel is a large industrial center. It produces machines for agriculture, women's and men's clothing, food, furniture and much more. The largest enterprises: Gomselmash, Zlin, a trading equipment plant, a car repair plant, Gomel Machine Tool Plant, a measuring instruments plant, the Centrolit plant, the Spartak confectionery factory, Gomel meat processing plant, Gomel fat plant, Gomeldrev, Gomelstroymaterialy ”, Gomel chemical plant, chemical products plant, chemical chalk plant, plastic products plant, Kristall, Gomel distillery, Gomeloboi, Komintern, radio plant, Belorusneft, Seismotekhnika, Gomelsteklo, auto repair plant.

Gomel is not only an industrial, but also an educational, scientific and cultural center. There are 7 universities and institutes here (Francissk Skorina Gomel State University, Belarusian State University of Transport, Belarusian Trade and Economic University of Consumer Cooperatives, Gomel State Technical University named after P. O. Sukhoi, Gomel State Medical University, a branch of the International Institute of Labor and Social Relations and the Gomel Engineering Institute of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Republic of Belarus). There are 77 general education schools in Gomel, 1 city lyceum, 1 regional lyceum, 18 vocational schools, 6 colleges, 7 technical schools, Belarusian-Slavic Gymnasium named after. I. Melezha, Irininsky gymnasium, sports schools and sections.

There are 5 research institutes in Gomel (3 of them are related to radiation topics): institutes of forestry, mechanics of metal-polymer systems, radiology, radiobiology, radiation medicine and human ecology

Gomel has libraries, exhibition halls, art galleries, museums, theaters, cinemas, a circus and other entertainment centers.

Public transport in Gomel is represented by trolleybuses, buses, fixed-route taxis. There is an airport, bus station and 2 railway stations.

There are a number of specialized hospitals in Gomel, some of which are compactly located in a separate microdistrict "Medgorodok". In the medical town there are a cardiological dispensary, an oncological dispensary, a dermatological and venereal dispensary, the Gomel Center for Eye Microsurgery, etc. Also in the city is the Gomel Central City Clinical Hospital (GCCCH), a multidisciplinary hospital, including therapeutic, cardiological, surgical departments, a maternity hospital, etc. ( The State Central Clinical Hospital also includes the only state department of plastic surgery in the Gomel region.), Psychiatric, geriatric (Kostyukovka), tuberculosis, infectious diseases hospitals, a regional hospital, a regional children's hospital, an emergency hospital, a hospital for veterans of the Great Patriotic War, a number of city ​​clinical hospitals, as well as the Republican Scientific and Practical Center for Radiation Medicine and Human Ecology.

The network of polyclinics includes 16 urban, 7 children's, 7 dental and ophthalmological polyclinics.

Famous people lived in Gomel - psychologist L.S. Vygotsky, future Minister of Foreign Affairs of the USSR A.A. Gromyko, aircraft designer - P.O. Dry. Of the modern celebrities born in Gomel, there is a popular rap singer Seryoga, widely known in the expanses of the former USSR.

Many Gomel residents spend their free time at sports stadiums and parks. Favorite vacation spot is the central park, which is located on the banks of the Sozh River. There are always a lot of people there.