Method shorthand. The most effective speed reading techniques

There are a lot of methods for speed reading in our time. Only you can say which one is the best. Choose the one that suits you. You can find speed reading techniques in books, courses, download on the Internet. Many of the speed reading methods proposed by the author can be used online. Special exercises and trainings have been developed to expand the angle of view, increase concentration on the text, and develop memory.

Do I need to read and cram more?

Those who cram are not the most successful and quick-witted people. Have you heard anything about the life successes of high school students?

It never leaves me wanting to learn to read faster! The thing is, reading fast is a must. By the nature of my work, I have to read a lot of literature, documents, etc. But I just physically do not have time for all that I have to do. Ah, my progress in speed reading leaves a lot to be desired.

About speed reading techniques

Dynamic reading- this is a set of tricks that allow you to significantly increase the speed of reading a speed reader without a big loss of reading comprehension. In particular, it should be borne in mind that there is no official separation between "slow" and "speed" reading methods, for the reason that many readers use reading exercises that are suitable for them.

Basic Speed Reading Techniques

Elimination, regression, stops, recurrent eye movements. With the classical method of reading, rereading is common, and this significantly slows down the speed of reading and reduces the coefficient of assimilation of information.
Practicing the habit of instantly highlighting the main idea of the text, cutting off unnecessary information and reading useful and effective information.
Suppression of internal articulation- development of a new reading strategy: . The average reader has the necessary visual reading skills. For example, logos are immediately decoded, ("Nike", "Pepsi", "Ford", "GM"). A lot of familiar phrases are perceived by the picture. At the same time, you should know that incomprehensible words need to be read by decoding words into sound images, that is, pronouncing the text.
Review Reading. "Scanning" without carefully focusing on text of little importance.
Field of view extensions. Special trainings are used (for example, the Schulte table), aimed at expanding the angle of view to two or three words, a page. Thanks to this skill, a reader who reads in one fixation of a glance can capture much more information than a reader who does not have this skill.

There are many schools of directions, methods, courses that train the skill of speed reading. Most of them are based on the speed reading methods listed above.

Any exercises that develop your brain, your thinking is very useful! It is especially good when these are very different exercises. Then you can be sure that the various functions of your thinking will develop. And all this will lead to the fact that you will change qualitatively.

The exercise kills two birds with one stone - it expands the angle of view, which is one of the conditions for mastering the skill of fast reading. The second hare is the entry into a trance state during classes. Eyes unfocused, directed forward. All signs of trance.

Everyone can learn speed reading without courses and without wasting money.

And now let's use the visualization technology and write down the phrase "a small scientist, but a pedant". All links go to direct texts.

Speed reading is not acceptable if our task is to deeply feel the attitude of the book. Any psychoanalyst will explain how important "insignificant" details are, how much information they carry.

The age of information technology has come a long time ago, and every day data and knowledge are becoming more and more valuable, while the technical capacity of computers and data transmission facilities is constantly increasing, and the resources of the human brain are still used only to a small extent. Why do more and more people want to develop their abilities.

Write an article. Now squeeze it twice, then two more. Repeat until one or two words remain. In pair technology, there is such an algorithm for the work of a pair of students - it is called "paragraph reading". In it each has one text.

Before reading the literature, make a short review of it - find out what it is about and in what genre it is written. Review the abstract and content. In order not to load memory with unnecessary information, decide which parts of the book you will read. It is better to read in a calm environment, in the absence of distracting objects. The room should be light. Remember that information is absorbed worse if there is a TV, radio or children playing nearby. The back should be in a straight position.

Diagonal Reading Practice

What kind of people had the skill of speed reading?

He was one of the first to offer some speed reading techniques. They were mastered by Napoleon Bonaparte, Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin, John F. Kennedy. They had the best speed reading techniques

To which the leader replied that, of course, he reads otherwise he would not have been able to get all the knowledge that he now has. One proven way to speed read is to move your eyes from left to right at a rate of one line per minute. To the greatest extent, the speed of reading reduces the mental pronunciation of the text. Speed reading requires high concentration.

How Hitler read books

Adolf Hitler had his own speed reading technique. He took a book, a magazine, a scientific article in his hand and opened it to the last page. If I saw something worthwhile, I read it. From the memoirs of Adolf Hitler's secretary, we know that the leader was very sorry that he could not read a single fiction book, since his duties included only reading scientific literature. The famous choleric Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin had a phenomenal memory. He remembered the biographies of famous people up to the exact dates, the names of geographical objects. He read works very quickly.

Karl Marx and fast reading

He liked to bend the pages of books and put notes on their margins and Karl Marx. President Roosevelt was simply in love with speed reading. He could read the entire book in one sitting. Honore de Balzac told his contemporaries how easily he manages to read eight sentences at once, and at the same time single out one key one from them.

Passion even for self-testing hinders development. Testing is needed to understand what is happening. There were enough cases in practice when the absolute lack of improvement was associated precisely with the violation of the ban on frequent home self-testing.

Theodore Roosevelt on speed reading

All texts are different. Theodore Roosevelt read two sentences at a time, and then he could easily retell the text, sometimes even verbatim. Maxim Gorky had unique abilities. He perfectly mastered the technique of speed reading and when he took a fresh issue of the magazine, he cut the pages and read the text, as if “drawing” a zigzag. After reading one magazine, he took up new literature. This technique is called diagonal speed reading. To increase the speed of text perception, a set of speed reading techniques is used. Everyone works in tandem with a partner for a short time using the same algorithm. Students change partners many times until they have worked through their texts completely. As a result, everyone gets "very compressed and convex polyphonic" material of their text.

Is it possible to learn how to quickly read billiards?

Try to open a site with Arabic script or Chinese writing, and you will experience the same feelings - "I look in a book - I see a fig."

Those who like to remember do not like to think. Is it possible to remember the history of the CPSU (Communist Party of the Soviet Union)? You are welcome! I got rid of pronunciation a long time ago and, unlike many of my acquaintances, I almost always try to glide over the text with a vertical gaze without much effort and regression. But the problem is that I constantly want to slide through the text faster and faster.

Those who retries gave up early. At first they gave up and proved to themselves that they were not capable. For example, they are unable to remember or pass the exam, and only then the teacher told them this phrase.

Speed reading technology is in great demand today. After all, with its help you can not only understand the text better, but also spend less time on it.

Speed reading actually turns out to be not so much learning to read quickly as developing the skill of quickly searching and analyzing information. In order to successfully master this technique, you must keep in mind the basic principles of speed reading. After all, the idea of speed reading is not only in quickly swallowing the text, but also in reading the text faster and more competently. Speed reading involves many cognitive processes, which is extremely useful for the reader, whether he is a student on the eve of an exam or a businessman who reads the terms of the proposed transaction. You can develop speed reading skills at home on your own by repeating the exercises daily.

First exercise

It is aimed precisely at the development of reading speed as such. Choose a story and read it from beginning to end. The next step is to read the text backwards, from the end. Repeat this exercise until the text reads equally easily in both directions, and until the speed increases. Gradually complicate the task and take larger texts, even entire books. Gradually, you will notice that the reading speed has really increased.

Second exercise

This exercise is performed in many speed reading trainings. But you can make it at home too. It is called "Pyramid", after the appearance of the plate, which serves for training and which really resembles a pyramid.

The essence of the exercise is to read the numbers on the "slopes" of the pyramid, while not taking your eyes off the numbers located along the central axis. This exercise helps to learn two important skills at once: concentration and reading in whole lines, when the eye does not slide along the line, but snatches it all out of the text. With such reading, the eyes move not horizontally, but vertically, and the reading speed increases significantly. Test yourself, see how many numbers you can read.

Third exercise

With it, you will train the speed of searching for words, which is no less important for speed reading. One of its principles is orientation by reference words. Indeed, in many texts, the information content is quite low, and the most important information has to be searched for a long time.

You will need someone from your social circle to complete this exercise. Choose a thick book that you haven't read, and have your assistant find the sentence, read it to you, and remember for themselves where it was (page and approximate line). Then take this book yourself and find this offer as soon as possible. Repeat until sentences start to appear at a markedly increased speed. Change the book periodically. You will also gradually train your memory: after all, gradually you will begin to navigate the book, remembering what is on which page. This can be another memory exercise.

Fourth exercise

This exercise is aimed at isolating important information from the text. Think of a word, noun, adjective or verb, and throughout the text from beginning to end, find it. You can underline the words you need, and then double-check yourself and see how many words you missed.

Fifth exercise

Everything works for the same purpose: filtering information. It is very convenient for those who speak a foreign language to do this, but if you understand only your own language, it will also work. Take a newspaper article. It can be small for the first time, and run through it with your eyes, finding foreign words, the meaning of which you understand vaguely or do not understand at all. In this way, you learn to find new information, which is important. Words that you don't know the meaning of, write them down and look them up in a dictionary. In fact, you kill two birds with one stone: learn to read quickly and replenish your vocabulary.

Reading is not only a fascinating activity, but also a certain obligation of a person. Thanks to the ability to read, a person receives maximum information in his life - he determines the format of the store, the composition of the product, learns about the diagnosis, and much more.

The question of how to learn to read quickly is considered in childhood, however, for an adult, this skill or familiarization with it turns out to be important. Next, we will consider ways to quickly read, because reading quickly means more time and learning.

The Importance of Speed Reading

The speed reading technique is called speed reading. Why is it necessary in principle? The fact is that a person acquires new knowledge only under the condition of visible perception.

More than 95% of the information entering the human brain is provided by the ability to see.

At the same time, the reading of important information, which is necessary to achieve one's goal, is no exception.

Imagine the situation: you are in trouble of a legal nature, and only brochures with the Criminal, Tax, Labor or Civil Codes of the Russian Federation go to help. In which book to look for the information you are interested in is unknown, and the time to solve the problem is limited. How to act in such a situation?

In this case, the untrained brain will not find the right answer to the questions, and if it does, it will not be able to perceive it properly. As a result, the problems that have arisen will only get worse.

Experts say that a person who not only reads a lot, but owns the technique of speed reading:

self-assured;
has adequate self-esteem, is somewhat self-critical, which is also only useful in most situations;
achieves its goals.

Such statements are not groundless - for this, specialists from various systems have conducted numerous studies. They came to the conclusion that it is possible to get a decent education in life only with the help of a large number of books read.

An educated person can always find a job to their liking and with good financial security. A successful person strives for self-improvement, which is also achieved by reading certain updated literature.

You can get the necessary information only from newspapers or other sources that you need not just to read, but to read quickly. People with speed reading skills learn new things faster.

Why do people read slowly

Not always even special exercises in speed reading help to achieve the desired result. There are certain reasons why the speed reading technique is "useless". These include:

low vocabulary- the problem can be eliminated by reading interesting literature ( artistic or scientific);
lack of proper concentration on the text- in this case, the problem is explained by a weak articulation apparatus, which is easy to train with the help of special exercises;
untrained memory– can be developed only by constant reading of books and discussion or simple recollection of what was read;
complex content of the book- not always a child or even an adult can perceive an intricate plot or a large number of complex sentences in the text;
constantly returning to a particular word- often in the text there is some incomprehensible word, it needs to be clarified.

The explanation of a complex and unknown word in the text should be done by the parents if the child reads and asks a question. Otherwise, you should refer to the explanatory dictionary or the Internet.

The whole truth about abbreviation. Video:

Basic tricks in speed reading

Teaching speed reading should begin with the study of the main points in technology. These fundamentals include the following:

Read only useful books. If you want to become successful, then you should opt for autobiographies of talented entrepreneurs and so on.
Choose books only with an easy-to-read presentation- these include manuscripts of contemporary authors. The classics in this case will be inappropriate, since the text will contain a large number of obsolete words.
The selected book must be read quickly 2 times. The first time is an acquaintance with the information, and the second time is already a speed reading technique.
Read only in places convenient for you- preferably at home and at least 1-1.5 hours without interruption for important matters.
You should not read a work that you did not like, as well as “extra”- a person who wants to succeed should not start reading science fiction.

These are just the main points that will help you master speed reading at home. Next, you should study the subtleties in the methodology.

Speed Reading Techniques

In fact, speed reading is a complex of numerous techniques that are used to master a skill.

Methods are divided into groups - intended for children or adults. If we talk about adults, we can distinguish the following methods of mastering speed reading:

Reading a book from beginning to end, and then vice versa- from the end to the beginning. In this case, the ability to increase the speed of reading is implied.
Reading diagonally- the technique is very interesting, but reading obliquely helps in quickly flipping through books. Basically, this method is used in the study of fiction.
Running your finger along the bottom of the line- this method is used even in the study of reading technique at preschool age. This is explained by the help in concentration.
Appropriation technique- is based on the selection of key words in the text, which are no longer read, but perceived in the future.
Empathy Technique– it is important to visualize the main character of the book, to feel it. The presented actions make it easier to perceive the readable text.

There is another interesting method on how to read books quickly. The method is simply called: "Storm Method". It is used by scouts when they need to understand and assimilate a large amount of information. The method is to use a book of scientific literature.

The volume of the book is at least 100 pages. The technique consists in preliminary preparation of the pages - it is necessary to draw a vertical line with a pencil strictly in the middle on each page.

The presented technique is trained by an individual, but anyone can master it.

You can also read special books on speed reading - these are the works of numerous specialists who offer various methods and ways to improve reading speed. Everyone will find for themselves the most interesting option that will help to a greater extent.

How to learn to quickly and better remember what you read? Video:

About the importance of perception of the information read

It is not enough to know how to learn speed reading, it is necessary to perceive quickly read information, which is not easy to achieve.

First of all, you need to learn how to simply extract useful information from the read text. This helps to perceive the meaning of what is read much faster.

Secondly, it is important to use the clarified information in practice - in this case, a person begins to use speed reading to his advantage. Such actions and basics are compared with the study of foreign languages - if there is no practice, the memorized words will be quickly forgotten.

The following rules are distinguished on how to learn to read quickly and remember what you read:

Talk about what you read acquaintances and friends.
Take notes as you read- it is necessary to highlight phrases or entire paragraphs that are important to you.
Read only when your brain is working hard- depending on the type of person is divided into "owl" or "lark". You should choose the time when the brain is most active.
Never read aloud- it distracts from the perception of information.
The importance of focusing on reading- if a person is tormented by more important events, it will be much more difficult to perceive and remember information.

How to teach a child to read quickly and correctly?

Speed reading for children also exists, and the technique should be used immediately, as soon as the baby is ready to learn the skill. In the future, this will help to quickly and easily perceive the information received at school.

When to start training?

A child should be taught to read only after a full and independent analysis of his condition. The child is ready for learning if the following points are present:

More useful information here.

The child is fluent in speech- he can speak in whole sentences, uses non-common words in a conversation with an adult.
He has developed phonemic awareness.- whether the baby perceives words well by ear, can he name the initial and last letter in the word pronounced for him.
The baby has no problems with hearing and pronunciation- all sounds in the child's speech are set, the correct tempo of sentences is maintained ( child focuses on key words in a sentence).
The child is free to navigate in space- he has a well-developed vestibular apparatus, he knows the concept of "left", "right", "up" and "down".

It turns out that teaching a child to read and teaching him the method of speed reading is possible only if there are no developmental problems. You should not start training at an early age, if the crumbs are not interested in it - the work will not bring proper results, and training may even “stand up”.

Step-by-step instruction

To instill in the child speed reading skills ( it is not recommended to fully teach this technique at preschool age), follow these steps:

Determine which technique is easier for him - and use it at first. As speed reading develops, change methods with more complex options.

Types of special exercises to improve the quality of reading in primary school students

COLLECTION

Compiled by: Misheneva O.V. primary school teacher

Tongue twisters for sound [G]

There is a jackdaw in the yard, pebbles on the shore.
Grigory carried the pie across the threshold. He stood on the peas and fell on the threshold.
Our head over your head over your head, over your head.

Tongue twisters for the sound [Ш]

Sasha and Mishutka have funny jokes.
Stesha was in a hurry, she sewed a shirt, but she hurried - she didn’t finish the sleeve.
The jackal walked, the jackal galloped. Checkers on the table, cones on the pine.
Six mice rustle in a hut.
They spank in single file gander and gander.

Tongue twisters for sound [Ж]

The train rushes grinding: zhe, che, sha, sha.

I walk - I repeat, I sit - I repeat, I lie - I repeat:
Live, live, live, live. The hedgehog has a hedgehog, the snake has a snake.

The snake has already stung.
I can't get along with the snake.
I already became from horror -
the snake will eat for dinner.

Tongue twisters for the sound [H and SH]

A bristle at a pig, scales at a pike.
The thickets are cleaner in our forest, the thickets are thicker in our forest.

In a suitcase at the tap dance
Brushes, rosaries, abacus - for my aunt.
Rosary, abacus, brushes - uncle,
Abacus, brushes, rosary - for the nanny.
Only tap dance - for yourself.
Dancing clear family.

Tongue twisters for sound [H]

Four turtles have four baby turtles.
Four black, grimy little devils drew a drawing in black ink. Extremely clean.
The bird was stuffed with matches.
Our daughter is well-spoken, her speech is clear.

Tongue twisters for the sound [Sch]

Two puppies, cheek to cheek, pinch the brush in the corner.
The pike tries in vain to infringe on the bream.

Tongue twisters for sound [R]

In the forest, the beaver and the brother of the beaver work without an axe.
In a thunderstorm from a load of watermelons, the body fell apart.
Fedora has tomatoes in her garden. Behind the fence at Fedora are fly agarics.
Millet is flying in Frosya's field, Frosya takes out the weeds.
Makar gave Roman a caramel, and Roman Makar gave a pencil.
They gave the little one corn, and the little one asks for a watermelon.
Sparrows are waiting at the feeder, Markushka brings them cloudberries in a pocket.
Behind a cockroach with a drum, behind a mosquito with an axe.
The queen's cavaliers sailed to her on a caravel.
Charles stole half a crucian, half a carp from Polycarp.
The wise raven deftly tore fly agarics in the moat.
A crab crept onto the ship, crucian carp stole the ladder.
One swarm of mosquitoes is behind the mountain, and the second swarm is under the mountain.
Open, Uvar, the gates, we carry firewood incessantly.
The path is trodden through the grass.
Tongue twisters jump like carp in a frying pan.
Early in the morning two rams drum on drums.
Roma Mache picked daisies.
The pig snouted, the pig dug, half a snout dug.
From the mountain - not uphill, uphill - not from the mountain.
The pig was dumb, dug the whole yard, dug half a snout, did not dig to the hole.
Gray sheep beat the drums, beat indiscriminately - they broke their foreheads.
Timoshka Troshka crumbles crumbs into okroshka.
Three trumpeters are blowing trumpets.
The nimble mink darted into the hole.

Tongue twisters for sound [R and L]

I was at Frol's, I lied to Frol about Lavr, I'll go to Lavr, Lavr on Frol Navra.
In the pond at Polycarp there are three crucians, three carps.
All beavers are kind to their cubs.
Karl stole the corals from Clara, Clara stole the clarinet from Karl.
Clara plays the piano at Valya's.
The queen gave the cavalier a caravel.
The quail flew before the quail, before the quail.
On Mount Ararat Varvara was picking grapes.
Eagle on the mountain, feather on the eagle.
The fellow ate thirty-three pies, all with cottage cheese.
Thirty-three ships tacked, tacked, tacked, but did not catch.

The raven raven crowed.
Get up, Arkhip, the rooster is hoarse.

1. Exercises aimed at developing clarity of pronunciation

Many students do not know how to regulate their breathing while reading. To correct this deficiency, breathing exercises are used.
1) Inhale through the nose, exhale through the mouth. Inhale - hold the breath - exhale. Inhale - exhale in portions.
2) “The horn is approaching and receding”: inhale - on the exhale we say m-m-m-m, n-n-n-n-n.
3) "Growling of the dog": inhale - on the exhale rrrr.
4) "Air coming out of a punctured bicycle tire": s-s-s-s-s.
5) "Candle": Having taken a deep breath, on exhalation we read an even and slow exhalation, then take a deep breath, stop and slowly blow on the flame of an imaginary candle.
6) “Extinguish the candle”: intense intermittent exhalation, then inhale, hold the breath for a second, then exhale three times in short bursts: fu! Ugh! Ugh!
7) A fly flew near the ear: w-w-w.

A wasp flew near the nose: ssss.
A mosquito flew and rang: z-z-z.
Sat on his forehead, we clap him -
And caught: z-z-z.
Let it fly!

2. Exercises for the development of the mobility of the speech apparatus: "Sound warm-up"

1) Read quickly, look carefully:

OIE AOEA EAOYO
Yaoyu Ayuoe Eyoyuya
YYAYU YOYUU YUAOYU

2) We read vowels with an accent on one of them:

EAOEYIE, EAOEYYIE, EAOEYYIE, etc.

You can diversify this exercise by pronouncing syllables first with an emphasis on the 1st syllable, then on the 2nd and 3rd:

YES-YES-YES, YES-YES-YES, YES-YES-YES

3) Taking a deep breath, on the exhale we read 15 consonants of the same row (sounds):

B K Z S T R M N V Z R W L N X

4) We read a chain of syllables:

Use these colorful 3-letter word cards to help your child learn to read.

5) We read words with build-up:

By - var, heat, dare, drink, walked, led.

3. Exercises that develop peripheral vision and practice direct gaze

1) In order for children to be able to understand the essence of the terms "lateral vision" and "right angle", they are invited, without looking away from one line, to list the objects that fall into the field of view on the right, left, top, bottom.

2) Handout - Schulte table (size 20x20cm)

Usage algorithm:

As soon as possible, name all the numbers in order from 10 to 25, pointing with a pencil or finger;

Try to memorize the location of two or three consecutive numbers at once.

Remember! The eyes look at the center of the table, at the number 10, but they see it in its entirety.\

Such a card can be given to students to gradually fill in the studied letters and sounds.

A a O o U u s I and E e

Ye yo yo yu yu I am

B b C c D d F g G h D d

P p F f K k W w M s T t

L l M m N n R r X x Z z

Y y y y y

4. Exercises that develop attention to the word and its parts and are a prerequisite for correct and speed reading

The articulatory apparatus is poorly developed in children, which slows down fast reading, therefore, in the 1st and 2nd grades, the following exercises are relevant:

1) Reading combinations of two or three consonants with vowels:

2) We read, slowly, at a moderate pace: speeding up the pace:

JZI TNO KTRI

DRU ZBY STRU

Sparrow_ sat_ on a branch_ and chirped.

Tongue Twisters

Lena was looking for a pin.
The pin fell under the bench.
It was too lazy to climb under the bench,
Been looking for a pin all day.

a) Read the tongue twisters spelling.
b) Read the tongue twisters orthoepically.
c) Working with tablets: children read the tongue twister in accordance with the task:

quiet

loud

in a whisper

silent movie (silent)

"The house that Jack built"

Children pronounce the first phrase at maximum speed several times until they succeed. Then 1-2 more words are added, which are read at the same speed. And so on until the end of the passage, repeating each time all over again, as in the famous poem "The House That Jack Built." For example:

In some realm... In a certain kingdom, in a certain state... In a certain kingdom, in a certain state, there lived... In a certain kingdom, in a certain state, there lived a rich merchant...

5. Exercises that develop working memory, attention span.

"Find the extra letter"

O I B I

You can cut out any texts from old newspapers and distribute them to children.

Exercise: today we cross out only the letter I. Tomorrow - another, and so on.

"Find the extra word"

Read. Justify your choice.

ELEPHANT BEAR TIGER
LION BUTTERFLY CAT

"Photo eye"

In 20 seconds, the children should “take a picture” of the words with their eyes and answer the question “Are there among these words ...?” For example:

WALNUT CREAM FEATHERS SCROLLED TROPICAL DAGGED

"Yes or no?"

Children listen to sentences and determine if it can be. If yes, when, where, why? If not, then you need to prove it.

Snow fell, Alyosha went out to sunbathe. The car whistled at the same speed and went ahead.

This exercise is aimed at attention to the text, its conscious development, the ability to quickly grasp the meaning of what is being read, to accurately build a statement.

"Complete the offer"

The cat meowed...

6. Exercises that develop flexibility and speed of reading to yourself and aloud

"Peekaboo"

The textbook page (any) is indicated, and then the text is read. Children must find the page, look for the right line with their eyes and adjust to the teacher's reading.

Reading with word count

Reminder:

1) tightly squeeze your lips and teeth;
2) read only with your eyes;
3) read as quickly as possible, while counting the words of the text to yourself;
4) answer the question to the text (given before reading).

Reading under a sound guide

The tape recorder reads the text at a certain speed. Children should follow the voice in the book, have time to voice the text synchronously with the tape recorder. The check is carried out individually: touching the child's shoulder with your hand means - read aloud. It is desirable to carry out such work systematically. At the same time, the speed of sounding of the “sound reference point” gradually increases. If there is no tape recorder in the class, you can use the game exercise "Catch up". Children read a passage of text in chorus, in an undertone, listening to the voice of the teacher, who reads loudly, at a fairly high speed, and “reach out” for him, trying to “catch up”.

7. Exercises that promote the synthesis of perception and understanding

1) Help vowels and consonants to make friends. Put them together to make words:

2) Remove one letter from each word. Do it in such a way that a new word comes out of the remaining ones:

regiment paint slope screen trouble heat (count) (helmet) (elephant) (crane) (food) (field)

3) Add a letter to the beginning of a word or its end to make a new word. What sounds are represented by these letters?

4) Combine the words of the right and left columns so that new words are formed:

"Delicious Words"

Imagine it's your birthday. You need to set the table. But when choosing goodies, remember that their names should consist of two and three syllables:

halva bagels tea lemonade waffles grapes cherry tangerine

8. Exercises that develop logical thinking

These exercises contribute to the development of the speed of thinking in the process of reading, its awareness.

1) Perform a mathematical operation and read the word:

LOD + IM - MO + VAN - L =? (sofa)
VER + LIS + TU - US + 0 - IL + YEARS = ? (helicopter)

2) Rearrange the letters:

In the forest, on a pine tree, calves dissipate. The tail rests on the core of the rear. His nose taps on the trunk, work bilotd, looking for insects.

(A woodpecker sits on a pine tree in the forest. With its tail rests against the trunk of a tree. It knocks on the trunk with its nose, hammers at the bark, looks for insects).

3) "Search"

Can you find a connection between two seemingly unrelated events? Explain how everything happened.

The dog chased the chicken. The students were unable to go on the field trip.

4) We learn to express thoughts in other words.
The exercise is aimed at teaching the child to operate with words.

This winter will be very cold.

It is necessary to convey the same thought without distortion, but in different words. None of the words in this sentence should be used in new sentences.

5) Compilation of sentences with three words that are not related in meaning:

lake bear pencil

For example:

We drew with a pencil how a bear catches a fish on a forest lake.

The exercise develops the ability to establish connections between objects and phenomena, think creatively, create new holistic images from disparate objects.

9. Exercises to develop the skill of conscious reading

9.1. Logic exercises

1) What do these words have in common and how do they differ?

Chalk - stranded, small - crumpled, washed - sweet.

2) Name it in one word.

Siskin, swallow, rook, owl, swift. Scissors, pliers, hammer, saw, rake. Scarf, mittens, coat, jacket. TV, iron, vacuum cleaner, refrigerator. Potatoes, beets, onions, cabbage. Horse, cow, pig, sheep. Shoes, boots, slippers, sneakers. Linden, birch, spruce, pine.

3) What is the missing word?

Beautiful, blue, red, yellow. Minute, time, hour, second. Road, highway, path, way. Milk, sour cream, curdled milk, meat.

4) How are the following words similar?

Iron, blizzard, stick, watch, lamp, glass.

5) Make up a new word, taking the first syllable from each of these words.

Ear, company, vase. Cora, lotto, boxer. Milk, spawning, plate.

6) Three words are given. The first two are in a certain connection. Between the third and one of the proposed five words in brackets there is the same relationship. Find the fourth word.

a) Song - composer, plane - ... (airfield, fuel, designer, pilot, fighter). b) School - education, hospital - ... (doctor, student, treatment, patient). c) Knife - steel, chair - ... (fork, wood, table, food, tablecloth).

7) Divide the words into groups.

Hare, pea, hedgehog, bear, cabbage, wolf, cucumber. Cow, wardrobe, chair. Sofa. Goat, sheep, table. Poppy, linden, maple, chamomile, birch, lily of the valley, oak.

9.2. Word building games

1) Find the word within the word.

thunderstorm newspaper bush
joke tray chocolate
watchmaker sliver fair

2) Finish the sentence.

In the mornings, animals treat Dr. Aibolit's teeth: zbrey, itgyr, vdry, oybbr .

3) Charades.

The beginning is the voice of a bird, The end is at the bottom of the pond, A whole in the museum Find it without difficulty.

(Painting).

With the letter K I live in the forest. With the letter H, I feed the sheep.

(Boar - shepherd).

4) Find the name of the animals among the lines.

The pump sucks the river water,
And the hose is stretched to the garden.
Peace reigns among the bushes,
It's good to wander alone here.

10. Exercises for the formation of the skill of correct reading

1) Describe the object (the teacher shows it and quickly removes it).

2) Repeat what the teacher said:

A barrel is a dot, a grandmother is a butterfly, a cat is a spoon.

3) Choose words for a given sound (from a read quatrain, sentence, text).

4) Reading words that differ by one letter.

Chalk - stranded - soaped - small - crumpled; mouse - midge - bear - bowl.

5) Reading words that have the same prefixes, endings.

Came, came, sewed, brought, refrain; red, white, blue, black. yellow; doll, mom, dad, paw, spoon.

6) Reading "shifters".

The lion ate the oxen. Go look for a taxi, go.

11. Exercises for the development of expressive reading

1) Reading sentences with different intonation.

2) Reading the text with the transfer of emotions (joy, indignation, sadness, pride, etc.) depending on the content.

3) Dictionary of moods.

A mood dictionary is very helpful in working on expressive reading. Every student has it. After the teacher expressively reads the work, the children put cards on the desk with words denoting the mood that they felt while reading the work. For example, children have cards with the words:"cheerful", "happy" Analyzing the work, we are approaching the question: what feelings did the author himself experience? And we write down other words on the board that reflect the mood of the author: (cheerful, joyful, happy, surprise, excitement ).

After such work, children read the text much more expressively, trying to convey through reading both their personal mood and the mood of the author.

"Dictionary of moods and states"

restless, fighting

Welcoming, joyful

Cheerful, fearful

whimsical, timid

Stormy. funny

bright, angry

excited

serious

Outraged

mournful

magical

funny

Heroic

Sleepy, sunny

Good-natured

Sympathizers

creepy

Calm

Mysterious

mysterious

exultant

dreary

sad

playful

derisive

boastful

FRIENDS

Ni-ki-ta and Le-sha are friends. Together they go to kindergarten. Lesha has a sa-mo-kat. And Ni-ki-you has a ru-zhe. Not really standing, but playing. These boys are good fellows. Oh-no always de-la-tsya games-rush-ka-mi. And they never quarrel. Together we play and laugh. Ho-ro-sho friend!

HORSE

Pet-ti and Mi-shi had a horse. They began to argue: whose horse. Did they tear each other's cats.

Give it to me, this is my horse.

No, you give me, the horse is not yours, but mine.

Mother came, took a horse, and nobody's horse became.

CAT AND BEETLE

There was a fight between Zhuch-koy and Kosh-koy.

The cat began to eat, and the Beetle came. Cat-ka Beetle-ku la-sing by the nose.

Beetle Kosh-ku by the tail.

Cat-ka Zhuch-ke in the eyes. Beetle cat by the neck.

Tyo-tya walked mi-mo, carried a bucket with water and began to pour water on Kosh-ku and Zhuch-ku.

GAL-KA

Ho-te-la gal-ka drink.

There was a jug of water in the yard, and in the jug there would be no water only at the bottom. Gal-ke couldn’t be got it.

She began to ki-give ka-mush-ki into a jug and so na-ki-da-la that the water became taller and you could drink

SPRING

The weight came, on-the-la water-yes. De-ti took it to the cheek, made the lo-daughter, let the lo-daughter go in the water. The boat-daughter swam-la, and de-ti be-zha-whether after her, cry-cha-whether and not-thing ahead-re-di yourself did not see-yes-whether and in the lu- zhu fell.

PUPPY
There was Ta-nya from school. On the do-ro-ge o-na u-vi-de-la ma-laziness-to-puppy. He sat at the for-bo-ra and howled. Ta-nya in-gla-di-la puppy. He began to lick Ta-not ru-ku. Ta-nya took the puppy to my place. Do-ma Ta-nya da-la e-mu mo-lo-ka. That's why Ta-nya in-la-zhi-la puppy sleep by the stove. The puppy is accustomed to Ta-ne. Ta-nya for-bo-ti-las about him.

SLY FOX
Li-sa would-la go-lod-on. O-na lay down on the snow and closed her eyes. On-le-te-whether in-ro-ny and se-whether not-yes-le-ko from li-sy. O-no ho-te-whether to peck-whether-su, but feared. Li-sa lies like dead-va-ya. Then, yes, in-ro-us, under-le-the-whether ov-this is near. One in-ro-on the key-well-la-li-su in the tail, the other-ga-I ho-te-la peck in the nose. Li-sa vsko-chi-la and grab-ti-la glu-pu-yu in-ro-well.

BY SKI
Mi-she would have been seven years old. Pa-pa ku-drank e-mu skis. Mi-sha brought skis and went to the mountain. But the skis did not go to the mountain. Mi-sha took the skis in hand and went to the mountain. Re-bya-ta went skiing from the mountain. O-no u-chi-li Mi-shu. Mi-sha got on the skis and po-e-hal. He immediately fell. The second time Mi-sha the same fell. That's why Mi-sha na-u-chil-sya. Before my Mi-sha came on skis and was o-chen before-in-len that he was learning to go on skis.

titmouse
It would be ho-lod-na-i-winter. To ok-well, with-le-te-la si-nich-ka. She would be cold. At ok-on a hundred-I-whether de-ti. They felt sorry b-nich-ku. O-no from-the-roof-whether for-point-ku. Si-nich-ka vle-te-la in someone-on-that. The bird would be hungry. O-on began to peck bread-us-crumbs on a hundred-le. All winter, the children lived with the children. Spring-noy de-ti you-let-ti-li si-nich-ku on the loose.

BABY
It was in winter. Mother is-to-pi-la stove-ku and ush-la to the store.
Do-ma os-ta-lis one-no ma-ly-shi. Little Ko-la opened the stove and put in that boo-mazh-ku. Bu-mazh-ka for-go-re-las and o-pa-la on the floor. And on the floor would be chips. Brightly blazed oh-fire. De-ti is-pu-ha-lis, for-cree-cha-li and in-be-zha-li on u-li-tsu. A co-sed came and ran and for-that-sewed about-fire.

DOG-ORDER
O-din sol-dat was wounded in the hand and in the butt. He fell. That-va-ri-schi ush-whether yes-le-ko. Ra-ne-ny lay for two days. Suddenly he hears: snort-ka-et so-ba-ka. E-it would-la sa-ni-tar-na-I co-ba-ka. On the back of no-e there would be a bag with a red cross: there would be bandages and medicines. Ra-ne-ny per-rvtvya-hall of se-be-ra-na. So-ba-ka u-be-zha-la and soon come-ve-la sa-ni-ta-ditch.
Ra-ne-ny was saved.

Literature:

How to overcome difficulties in learning to read. S.N. Kostromina, L.G. Nagaev. – M.: Axis – 89, 1999.

Primary school plus before and after. No. 7 2010.

Primary school plus before and after. No. 6 2009.

Primary school plus before and after. No. 11 2008.

Primary school plus before and after. No. 11 2007.

Primary school plus before and after. No. 8 2007.

Elementary School. No. 6 2001.

We read after the “ABC with large letters”: textbook / N.N. Pavlova; ill.A.V.Kardashuk. - M .: OLISS: Eksmo, 2011. - 64 pp.: ill.

As you know, “at first there was a word”, and then they began to depict and write it, print it, and humanity already has one more problem. How to teach a child to read with less expenditure of not only physical, but also mental strength? How to turn reading into an accessible and necessary assistant?

In school years, a lot is built on the ability of a student to work independently with a book. Provided that the student performs all homework and classwork, the amount of reading increases with each school period. So, upon transition to the 5th grade, it doubles, and by the eighth grade - three times. Wherein reading skills schoolchildren remain at the same level of primary school. Then the child develops according to one of the schemes: either spends five hours doing homework, acquiring various health complications; or does not prepare lessons properly, abandons reading and goes with the flow.

Various reading problems later in life are due to the fact that throughout our lives we read the way we were taught in first grade. At the same time, we do not know how, we do not have the opportunity, desire or concept to apply faster reading techniques.

When reading, children have a series of problems, among which:

When reading the text "to themselves" they articulate. Movement of the lips and tongue occurs in about 80% of adults, most pronounce the text to themselves. In this case, the eyes linger in one place for too long, and they are able to scan the complexes.
When reading, the majority relies more on hearing, although vision, i.e. eyes, perceive and transmit information several tens of times faster.
Most children have a small field of vision. The human eye perceives information only during the stop period. How much he sees indicates the size of the field of view. Unfortunately, most of the techniques do not include exercises designed to expand the field of view.
When the reader reads aloud or accompanies the reading with articulation, the path of information processing becomes longer: to the hearing / speech center, the speech center, and only then the analysis of the information received. When using the speed reading technique, information passes through a shorter path: eyes, speech center.
During traditional reading, a large number of unnecessary mechanical repetitions occur, in which there is an unjustified loss of time. While with speed reading, the speed of reading increases significantly.

What is speed reading for a child

Since elementary school is the only place where reading technique is still paid attention to and its speed is measured and controlled, it is at this stage that you need to learn how to read effectively and eliminate errors so as not to carry them with you into adulthood. It is precisely because of the numerous errors in the reading technique that the pupils of the lower grades developed speed reading for children (previously it was focused only on adults). most popular mistakes are: stammering, involuntary change of letters, rearrangement of letters and syllables, underreading of endings. Such errors, together with the aforementioned reading problems, drastically reduce the speed of reading and make this process quite difficult. And passing reading standards often upsets children who cannot read easily and fluently.

Speed reading helps not only eliminate these errors, but also automatically increase the speed of reading, and not due to the fact that the child is rushed, but due to the elimination of “braking” moments. When nothing prevents a child from reading, the speed increases accordingly. Speed Reading provides a toolkit that allows children to work through and correct emerging difficulties in reading, and when reading does not cause difficulties, the child takes up the book himself.

When speed reading, attention is paid to the quality of understanding and memorization of the texts read. Children are often unable to retell what was read, poorly capture its meaning, paying attention only to minor details. When retelling, the child uses only words from the text, does not tell in his own words, because he is afraid that he misunderstood the meaning, and it will be much safer to use the words read in the text. Speed reading is suitable for solving the problem of qualitative understanding, as well as memorizing texts, from the position of organizing such mental processes as attention, imagination, memory, and thinking. Children are provided with an algorithm for working with text, which allows them to see what is important and correctly understand what they are reading. Then the child knows what to pay attention to, what is essential. This approach makes children's reading structured, conscious, with a focus on extracting information. It is important to activate the child's memory so that it is easy to answer in class, retell texts after a while, and learn new subjects.

Figurative memory is considered the strongest in children. In order for a child to present colorful, vivid and memorable images, it is necessary to develop his imagination, which is the main process of cognitive activity in younger students. When a child is able to imagine images, he more successfully memorizes the material, learns new subjects. In addition, many parents say that when reading, their children are distracted, distracted by any stimulus, and when they stop reading, they do not remember where they left off. Sometimes it happens that the eyes are still moving through the text, but the thoughts in the head are already somewhere far away. Speed reading develops attention, composure and concentration, and this improves the perception of the material and its long-term memorization.

You can teach your child the basics of speed reading at home. To do this, you need to regularly perform some exercises with it. At the same time, it should be taken into account that the system of teaching reading developed in educational institutions and proven by practice over the years is a solid foundation for competent writing, studying the sciences in the future, but this system does not contribute to expanding the possibilities of independent perception of the material. When studying the basics of speed reading with a child, you should not cancel the methods that have been proven over the years of practice. You just have the opportunity to see what a faster reading technique can do that can be applied from elementary grades.

Class structure

Engage with the child should be 15-20 minutes three times a week. The lesson has the following structure:

Warm up. Reading a short text (up to 100 words), after which you should ask questions for reading comprehension.
Schulte tables. Such tables are a square on which objects are located in a random order (usually numbers or letters). They help to develop the speed of finding objects in the prescribed order, for example, numbers from 1 to 9. For elementary school students, it is worth using tables that simply divide the field into equal rectangles, while the number of numbers in the table is 25 and 36, and the number of letters is 20.
Damaged text. First, the text needs to be cut into two parts, glued to the card, shifted by 1-2 lines. Then the tasks become more complicated: parts are cut out in the middle of the text, there are not enough letters at the beginning or end of the line. After reading, it is necessary to conduct a conversation on the text.
Vocabulary work, in which exercises are performed on the speed perception of groups of words.
Exercises that develop logical thinking. In order to avoid overwork, more often such exercises are based on mathematical material. You can periodically replace them with drawing on the topic of the text you read.

The first stage of the training assumes that the main attention will be paid to the elimination of such reasons for slow reading like articulation and a small field of view. Reading is carried out under the condition of mechanical containment of the articulatory apparatus, with the creation of noise and interference. Starting from the first grade, work should be carried out with Schulte tables, it will expand the field of view and serve to develop attention.

The next stage involves focusing on improving the quality of assimilation of what has been read. They read the damaged text, which is divided into 2-3 strips, separated by 1 centimeter. They read two texts of different structure at the same time, for example, a fairy tale about animals and a story about nature. Then the child is asked to draw, to remember the similar. Children in elementary grades often cannot see the meaning in every single line, choose their own pace of reading for different reading purposes. Such activities significantly improve the ability of children to retell texts.

Exercises

It is important to perform exercises aimed at developing and activating vocabulary, transforming words, making sentences or a story based on given words that are not related to each other.

Do not forget about the basics of learning to read. So, at the initial stage, conduct general exercises with your child that increase the speed of reading. Start with the simplest ones, which develop the clarity of pronunciation (“cars go w-w-w”, “the snake is crawling sh-sh-sh”, etc.). Read with him tongue twisters, sayings. Read several consonants in a row on one breath, then add a vowel to them. Combine words from halves using about 3-10 words and have the child quickly put meaningful words from two halves.

There are also several exercises aimed at the ability to determine the desired reading speed and change it where necessary. For example, you read “to yourself”, accompanying the reading by moving your finger over the text, the child reads aloud along your finger, i.e. chasing after you. Naturally, you should not set too high a speed.

To evoke positive emotions for reading allow the exercise of repeated reading. For a minute, invite the child to read the text and mark where he stopped. Then he must re-read this passage, naturally, as a result, a few more words will be read, which will cause positive emotions and self-confidence in the child. This exercise should not be repeated more than three times.

Development of skills and qualities

To develop skill navigate in the text, use the exercise "throw-serif". The child places his hands on his knees and starts reading the text on the command “throw”. As soon as the “serif” command was sounded from the adult, the baby takes his eyes off the book, while continuing to keep his hands on his knees, closes his eyes and rests for a few seconds. The adult again pronounces the “throw” command, after which the child must look with his eyes in the text for the place where he finished reading, and continue from that moment to read the text aloud. The duration of the exercise is up to five minutes.

An interesting exercise aimed at understanding texts and developing reading skills. The text is read with the upper part of the line covered. Its peculiarity lies in the fact that the intelligence of the child will allow him to notice a certain peculiarity - when reading the top line in halves of the letters, the bottom line remains completely open, so it is “profitable” to quickly read the bottom line while it is open, and then quickly give out the finished result when it will be closed. Such an exercise contributes to the formation of several important educational qualities:

Since the reading of the bottom line is to be hidden, reading inwardly develops;
Since several words must be kept in memory and preserved for some time, verbal-logical memory develops;
Since the child reads aloud a given line and the underlying one to himself, the ability to distribute attention and simultaneously perform at least two tasks develops.

By instilling in your child a love of reading, which is only possible with the effective and high-quality implementation of this process, you will help him in the future to make it easier for himself to complete many tasks, excel in school and not experience a number of learning difficulties.

If you have any difficulties or problems - you can contact a certified specialist who will definitely help!