Syllabary table reverse syllables. How to start teaching short reading? Choral pronunciation of the text
Syllabic tables help to enrich the content of the lesson with additional reading material, expand the range of game tasks, and form children's ability to read syllables and words. The principle of their creation is quite simple: vowels are placed in the top row of the table, consonants are in the first column, and direct open syllables are placed at the intersection of the horizontal and vertical. Children are given the entire table at once and it should be in front of their eyes, if possible, for the entire period of learning to read. The table serves as a kind of learning tool in advance and helps children get used to the graphic appearance of letters and direct open syllables, and memorize them faster.
It is useful to use a syllabary table in every lesson, especially at the initial stages of literacy, since their main purpose is to ensure the formation of the reading skill of a direct open syllable. The advantage of syllable tables is that children who are learning to read are aware of the regularity of the arrangement of syllables in the table, learn to find the desired syllable at the intersection of horizontal and vertical, are aware of the sound-letter structure of the syllable (combination of a consonant with a vowel) and as a result begin to perceive and reproduce it as a whole.
Direct open syllables are read horizontally and vertically. The table combines two basic techniques for learning to read merges. If we read horizontally, then the same consonant is read with different vowels, i.e. the technique of prolonging the pronunciation of a consonant and the addition of a vowel is used. If we read vertically, then different consonants are read with the same vowel.
See also: How to make a student a thoughtful reader?
Vera Alexandrovna Borshcheva
CO WORK syllables.
Reading by syllables used as early as the 19th century. Now this technique is also becoming very
popular. In this guide, I want to talk about my work on syllable.
At the initial stage of mastering by reading many children have difficulty syllable. To make it easier and faster for a child to learn to merge into syllables, I created a manual "Treadmill". Based on the principle of learning reading H. S. Zhukova.
Learning to merge letters into one syllable is performed as follows. The child puts his finger on the first letter and leads him along the path to the second letter ":" Pull the first letter until you and the athlete run along the path to the second letter. Be sure to explain that we are running from the red vertical strip from left to right.
As a result, the child must independently, moving his finger from one letter to another, freely read syllables of two vowels, vowel and consonant. The first letter should be pulled a little, and the second should be read briefly.
Reading a direct syllable(consonant + vowel)- the most crucial moment of primary literacy. Letter-by-letter cannot be allowed reading syllables. We remind you that the first letter must be pulled and, having reached the second, read it, "without breaking tracks". If this doesn't happen, talking: “You fell with the athlete, try again”.
Reading syllables of three letters can only be offered to those children who read fluently and fluently two-letter syllables. We explain that on the treadmill we run from a consonant letter to a vowel, this is a continuous reading two letters, and the circle is either a vowel without a preceding consonant, or a consonant, or a consonant with a soft sign, that is, adding a separate letter and stopping the movement.
Multiple Attentive reading similar syllables prevents the child's tendency to read by guesswork, helps to consolidate syllable skill.
For this purpose, I have developed syllable tables by which children learn to merge into syllables, navigate on a sheet of paper (leftmost column, second right column, top, bottom line, consolidate concepts "column", "line".
Syllabary tables help to expand the range of game tasks, form children's ability to read syllables and words. The principle of their creation is quite simple: on the top line tables placed vowels, in the first column (far left)- consonants, and at the intersection of the horizontal and vertical - syllables. Children are given all table immediately, and it should be in front of the eyes, if possible, the entire period of study reading. Table serves as a kind of proactive learning tool and helps children get used to the graphic appearance of letters and syllables to remember them faster.
syllables printed according to sequences: from simple to complex (closed, open syllable, syllable with consonants).
At the initial stage of work with tables, you can use syllable tables AND. L. Kalinina and N. A. Hegelia.
Reading syllabaries(according to Kalinina, Hegelia) – requirements: the font is large and clear, at first the vowels can be highlighted in red. AT tables there are hint icons - an arc - a consonant followed by a vowel. A dot is either a vowel without a preceding consonant, or a consonant, or a consonant with a soft sign. Tables can even be called"linguistic", but if the child masters them, then in the future he will be able to read the longest and most complex words.
Recommendations: do not skip to the next table, if not processed reading previous. At reading tables you need to clearly explain to the child that the arc is a continuous reading two letters(draw along the arc with a pointer, finger, and a dot - add a separate letter and stop the movement. You can read in lines and in columns.
Target syllable tables - to ensure the formation of the skill of reading a syllable.
Dignity syllabic tables is that children who are learning reading, are aware of the pattern of location syllables in the table learn to find the right syllable at the intersection of horizontal and vertical, are aware of the sound-letter structure syllable(combination of a consonant with a vowel) and as a result of which they begin to perceive and reproduce it as a whole.
Direct open syllables read horizontally and vertically. AT table combines two main teaching methods merge reading. If we read horizontally, then the same consonant is read with different vowels, i.e., the method of drawing out the consonant and adding a vowel is used. If we read vertically, then different consonants are read with the same vowel.
A U O I S A U O I S
M AM UM OM IM YM MA MU MO MI WE
S AC US OS IS YS CA SU CO SI SY
N A N UN ON IN EUN N N N N O N N N A
H AH OH OH THEIR YH HA HO HO HEE
K A K K K O K IK YK K K K K K K K Y
G AG UG OG YG YG GA GO GO GI GY
P A P U OP YP YP PA PU PO PI PY
B AB UB OB IB YB BA BO BO BE
Y AD UD OD ID YD YES DO TO DI DY
T AT UT FROM IT YT TA TU TO TI YOU
mra mru mro mri mry rma rmu rmo rmi rmy
ska sku sko ski ska ksa ksu kso ksi
nla nlu ulo nly nly
hka hku hko hki hky kkha khu kho khi khy
Kra Kru Kro Kri Kry Rka Rku Rkorki Rki
gla glo gli gla lie lie lie lie lie
pta ptu pto pti pty tpa tpu tpo tpi tpy
bra bru bro brie bra rba rbu rbo rbi rby
dma dmu dmo dmi dmy mda mdu mdo mdi mdy
wow wow wow wow wow
For children who have learned all the letters (they have mastered the visual image of the letters well, I use the method of A. N. Kornev “Namming - search - reading(Find, show, name)". It uses an original way of teaching a child to recognize letter combinations as an integral graphic element. That is, as a unit reading not a single letter is used, but syllable, which is also the unit of writing. This technique allows the child to quickly master reading literacy skills and it's easier to move from reading to writing.
By syllabary table children repeat the learned letters, read syllable-fusion, improve articulation skills, learn to complete what they read syllables to full words, connect syllables into words. Such a necessary and useful work should not become boring and monotonous. tables differ in a set of letters denoting vowels and consonants, a set syllables and the order of their location, as well as a list of words that can be made from those available on table of letters and syllables. Each time the work should begin with a repetition of the studied letters. The letters of the top line, the left column are read, and on separate tables and right. Reading in line suggests reading from left to right and right to left, in a column - from bottom to top, top to bottom and in random order. After repeating the letters, the children read in sequence syllables in rows and columns.
Can be used chain reading, syllabic and selective, while the speech therapist calls the row and column, and the child reads what is printed there syllable. For example, read the second line in the first line syllable, fourth, third, fifth and first syllable. Or read syllable in the first column in the third row.
Reading syllable-fusions in syllable tables can be organized as an individual (aloud and independent, in a chain, in pairs, choral.
Preschoolers read syllables with learned letters. Gradually, with the study of new letters, the number of syllables to read. This allows you to expand the number and diversify tasks.
The next stage of work - word reading, united in groups with the same rhythmic and syllabic structure. As the experiments of L. A. Rumyantseva (1952) showed, it is easier for children to read groups of words that have the same syllabary and rhythmic structure. As technology advances reading groups up to 50 are given words: two-syllable, three-syllable co syllables like SG, GS (MOON, PIECE, COW, disyllabic and trisyllabic types SGSGS, SGGSGS (WREATH, HAMMER, one-syllable, two-syllable and three-syllable words with a confluence of consonants (LEAF, ARCH, TRAIN, WOLVES, WALL, GLASS, STEPS, CARD)
How to break a word into syllables
Syllable- this is one sound or several sounds pronounced by one expiratory push air: mountain, machine.
1. In Russian there are different audibility sounds: vowels are more sonorous than consonants. It is the vowels that form syllables, are syllabic. Syllable- this is one sound or several sounds uttered by one expiratory push air: wow, wow.
So much in a word syllables how many vowel sounds.
The consonants are non-syllabic. When pronouncing a word, consonants "stretch" to vowels, forming together with vowels syllable.
2. Syllable may consist of one sound (and then it must be a vowel) or several sounds (in this case, in syllable, besides the vowel, there is a consonant or a group of consonants): rim - o-bo-doc; country - country; night light - night light; miniature - mi-ni-a-tu-ra. If a syllable consists of two or more sounds, then it necessarily begins with a consonant.
3. syllables are open and closed.
Open syllable ends in a vowel sound: yes, country.
Closed syllable ends in a consonant sound: sleep, lay-ner.
open syllables more in Russian. Closed syllables usually seen at the end the words: night-nick (first syllable open, the second is closed, oh-bo-doc (first two open syllables, third - closed).
In the middle of a word syllable, as a rule, ends in a vowel sound, and a consonant or a group of consonants standing after a vowel usually goes to the next syllable: night-timer, announcer.
Closed words in the middle syllables can form only unpaired voiced consonants [th], [p], [p '], [l], [l '], [m], [m '], [n], [n '] (sonor): May-ka, Sonya-ka, co-scrap-ka.
4. Sometimes two consonants can be written in a word, and one sound, For example: get rid of [ izh:yt’]. Therefore, in this case, there are two syllable: and-live. The division into parts from-live corresponds to the rules of word hyphenation, and not division into syllables.
The same can be seen in the example of the verb to leave, in which the combination of consonants зж sounds like one sound [ well:]; so dividing by syllables will be - y-e-squeeze, and the division of the word to transfer - leave-reap.
Errors are most often observed when selecting syllables in verb forms ending in -tsya, -tsya.
The division of twisting, squeezing is division into parts for transfer, and not division into syllables, because in such forms combination of letters ts, tc sounds like one sound [ts].
When divided by syllable combinations of letters ts, so go entirely to the next syllable: vi-tsya, zhmyo-tsya.
5. When combining several consonants in the middle the words: two identical consonants necessarily go to the next syllable: o-leak, yes; two or more consonants usually go to the next syllable: sha-pka, ra-vny. The exception is consonant combinations in which the first is an unpaired voiced (sonor): letters p, p, l, l, m, m, n, n, th: mar-ka, dawn-ka, bul-ka, stel-ka, lady-ka, ban-ka, ban-ka, lay-ka.
Literature
1. Zhukova N. S. Primer: Textbook - M .: EKSMO, 2012.
2. Kornev A. N. Preparation for teaching children with disabilities to read and write speeches: method. allowance - M .: Iris-press, 2007
3. Kornev A. N. “Violations reading and writing in children: Educational and methodological manual, St. Petersburg: MiM, 1997.
5. Hegelia N. A. "Correction of pronunciation deficiencies in schoolchildren and adults": a guide for a speech therapist / Hegelia N. A. - M .: VLADOS, 1999. - 240 p. - (Correctional Pedagogy).
6. http://adalin.mospsy.ru/l_01_00/l_01_07n.shtml
Syllable tables for speed reading are a versatile and visual tool for teaching children. Their use and effectiveness is confirmed by many educators and parents, and all children like the ease of learning in a playful way.
What is a syllable table
The speed reading syllable table for children is columns of vowels and rows of consonants that, when crossed, create syllables. On the line with the consonant letter “H”, syllables with all the vowels turned out: “on”, “but”, “well”, etc. Vowels "singing" letters are given to a child much easier than consonants. Therefore, having learned one of them, for example, the letter “H”, the baby can easily read all the syllables that can be composed with it.
Then you can move on to the next consonant letter and substitute vowels for it. Training will be easy, because the plate is visual and easy to remember. For the convenience of the child, vowels are marked in red, and consonants in blue. After all, the color perception of the child will also be useful in the study of syllables and reading rules.
During the lesson, the child will definitely notice that in some cells there is a dash instead of a syllable. It is important to explain to him that such a combination of letters, as when crossing a column and a line, does not happen. For example, "ZHY" is never used, after the hissing consonant, the vowel "I" is always placed.
Elena, mother of six-year-old Varya: “I basically didn’t teach my daughter early reading, as many acquaintances did. And although everyone around me told me that later it would be more difficult, that I had to start early, I decided to give the child the opportunity to play more and not study. And at the age of 5, we began to learn to read from syllabic tables. Varya learned the letters in a few weeks, then in a couple of lessons on the tables she learned to pronounce whole syllables, and now she reads at the level of first-graders completely independently.
Teaching children to read is a difficult and slow process. When to start, parents decide on their own for their child, and how to do it too. But there are techniques and manuals that help in this matter. Syllable tables for quick reading enable the child to easily move from the stage of learning individual letters to direct reading by syllables.
Many parents and teachers who have tried classes with a child using syllabic tables are satisfied with the results. But in order to understand how useful this tool is, it is important to understand how to use it, and what are the features of such training.
How to use the spreadsheet correctly and effectively
Many parents, having decided to try learning to read with the help of syllabic tables, are interested in how to use this tool, and how many times a day you need to practice with your child. Training is divided into stages:
Learning letters
Folding them into syllables at the intersection of the rows and columns of the table
Reading syllables formed from one consonant, that is, all syllables from one line
Printing a table and cutting out individual syllables on cards
Reading random syllables from different cards
Combining several syllables into simple words
The frequency and duration of classes depend on the age of the child. Some parents prefer early education when the child is 3 or 4 years old, but do it more for themselves than for him. The optimal age for learning to read is 5-6 years old, when preparation for school begins. Then you can practice twice a day for 10-15 minutes in the morning and evening.
Benefits and outcomes of training
As an outstanding innovator and writer Vasily Sukhomlinsky once said: “Reading is one of the sources of thinking and mental development.”
Speed reading tables have many benefits for children's learning. These include not only the ability to read the entire syllable, and not its individual letters, but also the ability to navigate the table and quickly find the necessary syllables. The most difficult stage in learning to read is to overcome the barrier between learning all the letters and being able to read them together, and not separately. Using a table will help you skip this step.
From the first day of learning with the help of tables, the child will have a concept of what an open syllable is, how it is formed and how it is read. Regular classes will help you master the skill in a short period of time, and soon you can switch with your child to reading the first books by syllables .
Syllabic tables help to enrich the content of the lesson with additional reading material, expand the range of game tasks, and form children's ability to read syllables and words. The principle of their creation is quite simple: vowels are placed in the top row of the table, consonants are in the first column, and direct open syllables are placed at the intersection of the horizontal and vertical. Children are given the entire table at once and it should be in front of their eyes for the entire period of learning to read. The table serves as a kind of learning tool in advance and helps children get used to the graphic appearance of letters and direct open syllables, and memorize them faster.
It is useful to use a syllabary in every lesson, especially at the initial stages of literacy, since their main purpose is to ensure the formation of the reading skill of a direct open syllable. The advantage of syllabic tables is that children who are learning to read are aware of the regularity of the arrangement of syllables in the table, learn to find the desired syllable at the intersection of the horizontal and vertical, are aware of the sound-letter structure of the syllable (the combination of a consonant with a vowel) and, as a result, begin to perceive and reproduce as a single whole. Direct open syllables are read horizontally and vertically. The table combines two basic techniques for learning to read merges. If we read horizontally, then the same consonant is read with different vowels, i.e. the technique of prolonging the pronunciation of a consonant and the addition of a vowel is used. If we read vertically, then different consonants are read with the same vowel.
The syllable table is used in the warehouse method of studying reading according to the method of Zaitsev and Chaplygin.
These exercises can be offered to the child, starting from the second stage of learning to read. Tables and syllable chains can be used for a long time. At first, they will be a good help in overcoming the difficulties of merging a consonant with a vowel, help children quickly find and recognize letters.With the help of tables and syllable chains (if you study them regularly), an adult will be able to instill in a child a steady tendency to carefully perceive the sound-letter composition of words, which will contribute to the proper development of reading and writing skills.
It is advisable to make tables in a larger size and hang them next to the table at which the child is preparing lessons. Of course, you can use the option that is presented on the site.
Types of exercises with syllable tables for teaching a child to read
- Rapid reading of syllables horizontally and vertically.
- The child quickly finds a syllable that an adult has read.
- "Tell me the end of the word." An adult pronounces a word without finishing the last syllable.
everything in learning goes from simple to complex. Therefore, you should not immediately rush into the quarry and give your child long words or texts to read. Even if he reads the word, it will be very difficult to understand the meaning. Do not forget that at the stage of learning to read, the child puts a lot of effort into reading the letters and merging them into a syllable and a word. Therefore, the child does not have the strength to understand.
And here tables will help our child, but not simple, but syllabic tables. We make tables of syllables and the child develops the skill of reading on these tables. Now there is a computer in almost every home, so there will be no big difficulties. But if suddenly you do not have a computer or printer, then a piece of paper and a pen are always at hand. It is not so important for a child in what form the tables of syllables are made, as it is important that they exist and are used.
Online word game - learn the alphabet with a preschooler.
You can learn the alphabet with preschoolers in games. This site is specially designed for teaching children to read. A separate section is devoted to teaching letters from the Russian alphabet. Learning to read on the site is in the form of a game. As you know, children learn through games, so based on my experience and customer feedback, I made several simulators to teach children to read.
Letters for preschoolers and grade 1 students - for those who have difficulty learning letters.
Not every child has time to learn all the letters by school. There is a class of kids who have difficulty learning and reading. This site was designed for such children. Here you will find simulators for learning letters, syllables and simulators that help you learn to read fluently.
This is what the workpiece looks like.
Not all vowels are there, for some reason there are no E and Y. But the principle, I think, is clear. I drew everything by hand, when the children began to learn to read, it was more convenient for me. The idea is not mine, it has been used and used for many years, this is how my mother, a primary school teacher, taught her students to read.
When you fill out the table, do not forget that we will not have such syllables as “ZHY”, “SHY”, “CHYA” and “SCHYA”. These squares are simply not filled in or crossed out. You can take not all consonants at once, but gradually add, for example, at first you take only deaf or only sonorants. We took everything at once.
Try not to read, namely to sing syllables. You pull “mmmmmaaaaaa” for a long time, I hope I explained it clearly, if not, ask. The child memorizes syllables and then highlights them in words. Walk down the street, ask if he sees familiar syllables? In signs, product names, car numbers. Children love to connect all knowledge with real life. Studying the table, so that it would not be completely boring, we tried to diversify. For example, they laid out cards with letters, just like in the table, that is, vowels from top left to right and consonants down. Just to get used to it. And combined by choice. She took B and I and sang "beeeee"! The table lay next to it.
I also made a walking game. To do this, I made several sets of consonants, that is, so that each consonant is repeated 3-4 times (if one child, probably 1-2 repetitions of the letter is enough, how will it go) and pasted them on paper. I made a dodecahedron with vowels (sweeps on the Internet for every taste). They threw it and read the syllable that the vowel that fell on the “dice” formed with the consonant on which the chip stands. Read it, move on. You didn’t read it, you stay in place (you can use the table) to remember. Of course, I read very badly, I constantly picked up a table and asked: “How does this read?” And the children enthusiastically told me: “You see, this is“ t ”, that’s where your chip is - this is“ t ”, and you have dropped out“ and ”, then it will be“ tee ”, as in the table, you see, in the table ... ". True, after a while they asked me suspiciously, how do I read books to them every night at night if I can’t read “tee”? But it was also not in vain, I think, the logic is also being formed 🙂
First you form a confluence, i.e. a consonant plus a vowel. Then adjoining, this is when another letter adjoins the merge.
For example, nose. One merger - but and one connection with. If you scroll through the page following the link I gave, you will just see examples. I made another table, from top to bottom I wrote all the merges, for example, with B ( ba, bi, be and so on), and above all consonants. And they read.
Then there will be words in which merging and joining can be more than one. For example, the spoon. Two mergers, one junction. I think the point is clear. But let's start with mergers.
Two heads and six legs; four walk, and two lie still
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