Snip 2.07 01 89 distance between houses. Building regulations

URBAN PLANNING. PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT OF CITY

AND RURAL SETTLEMENTS

Updated edition

SNiP 2.07.01-89*

Official edition

Moscow 2011

SP 42.13330.2011

Foreword

The goals and principles of standardization in the Russian Federation are established by the Federal Law of December 27, 2002 No. 184-FZ "On Technical Regulation", and the development rules - by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of November 19, 2008 No. 858 "On the Procedure for the Development and Approval of Codes of Rules ".

About the set of rules

1 PERFORMERS: TsNIIP Urban Planning, JSC "Institute of Public Buildings", GIPRONIZDRAV, JSC "Giprogor"

2 INTRODUCED by the Technical Committee for Standardization (TK 465) "Construction"

3 PREPARED for approval by the Department of Architecture, Building and Urban Policy

4 APPROVED by Order of the Ministry of Regional Development of the Russian Federation (Ministry of Regional Development of Russia) dated December 28, 2010 No. 820 and entered into force on May 20, 2011.

5 REGISTERED by the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology (Rosstandart). Revision of SP 42.13330.2010

Information about changes to this set of rules is published in the annually published information index "National Standards", and the text of changes and amendments - in the monthly published information indexes "National Standards". In case of revision (replacement) or cancellation of this set of rules, a corresponding notice will be published in the monthly published information index "National Standards". Relevant information, notification and texts are also placed in the public information system - on the official website of the developer (Ministry of Regional Development of Russia) on the Internet

This regulatory document cannot be fully or partially reproduced, replicated and distributed as an official publication on the territory of the Russian Federation without the permission of the Ministry of Regional Development of Russia

SP 42.13330.2011

Introduction……………………………………………………………….IV

1 Scope……………………………………………........1

3 Terms and definitions……………………………………………..2

4 The concept of development and the general organization of the territory of urban and rural settlements………………………………........2

5 Residential areas…………………………………………………………..7

6 Public and business zones………………………………………..10

7 Building parameters of residential and public and business zones……...12

8 Production zones, zones of transport and engineering infrastructures…...………………………………………………….…15

9 Recreational areas. Zones of specially protected territories……………………………………………….………….21

10 Institutions and service enterprises……….……………...28

11 Transport and road network………………….…………...31

12 Engineering equipment……………………………….………..41

13 Engineering preparation and protection of the territory……………….….51

14 Environmental protection…………………………………….…53

15 Fire requirements…………………………….……....61 Annex A (mandatory) List of legislative

and regulatory documents…….….62

Appendix B (mandatory) Terms and definitions…..………..66 Appendix C (recommended) Normative indicators

low-rise residential buildings ... .70 Appendix D (mandatory) Standard density indicators

development of territorial zones ...... 71 Appendix D (recommended) Sizes of household plots

and adjacent land plots……............73

and service enterprises

and the size of their land

plots………………………….76

Bibliography………………………………………………………..108

SP 42.13330.2011

Introduction

This set of rules has been drawn up in order to increase the level of safety of people in buildings and structures and the safety of material assets in accordance with the Federal Law of December 30, 2009 No. 384-FZ "Technical Regulations on the Safety of Buildings and Structures", fulfilling the requirements of the Federal Law of November 23 2009 No. 261-FZ “On Energy Saving and Improving Energy Efficiency and on Amending Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation”, increasing the level of harmonization of regulatory requirements with European regulatory documents, the use of uniform methods for determining operational characteristics and evaluation methods. The requirements of the Federal Law of July 22, 2008 No. 123-FZ "Technical Regulations on Fire Safety Requirements" and sets of rules for the fire protection system were also taken into account.

The work was done by the team of authors: the leader of the topic - P.N. Davidenko, Ph.D. architect, corr. RAASN; L.Ya. Herzberg, Dr. tech. Sciences, Corr. RAASN; B.V. Cherepanov, Ph.D. tech. Sciences, Advisor to RAASN; N.S. Krasnoshchekova, cand. Agricultural Sciences, Advisor to RAASN; N.B. Voronin; G.N. Voronova, adviser to the RAASN; V.A. Gutnikov, Ph.D. tech. Sciences, Advisor to RAASN; E.V. Sarnatsky, corresponding member RAASN; Z.K. Petrova, Ph.D. architect; S.K. Regame, O.S. Semenova, Ph.D. tech. Sciences, Advisor to RAASN; S.B. Chistyakova, academician of the RAASN; with the participation of JSC "Institute of Public Buildings": A.M. Bazilevich, Ph.D. architect; A.M. Garnets, Ph.D. architect; GIPRONIZDRAV: L.F. Sidorkova, Ph.D. architect, M.V. Tolmacheva; JSC "Giprogor": A.S. Krivov, Ph.D. architect; THEM. Schneider.

SP 42.13330.2011

SET OF RULES

URBAN PLANNING. PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT OF URBAN AND RURAL SETTLEMENTS

urban development. Urban and rural planning and development

Introduction date 2011-05-20

1 area of use

1.1 This document applies to the design of new and reconstruction of existing urban and rural settlements and includes the basic requirements for their planning and development. Specification of these requirements should be carried out when developing regional and local standards for urban planning.

1.2 This set of rules is aimed at ensuring the safety and sustainability of the development of settlements by urban planning means, protecting public health, rational use of natural resources and protecting the environment, preserving historical and cultural monuments, protecting the territories of settlements from adverse effects of natural and man-made nature, as well as creating conditions for implementation of social guarantees of citizens, determined by the legislation of the Russian Federation, including people with limited mobility,

in part of the provision of social and cultural and public services, engineering and transport infrastructure and landscaping.

1.3 The requirements of this document from the moment of its entry into force apply to newly developed urban planning and design documentation, as well as to other types of activities that lead to a change in the current state of the territory, real estate and living environment.

Urban-type settlements (urban, workers, resorts) should be designed according to the standards established for small towns with the same estimated population.

1.4 Settlements with enterprises and facilities located outside cities that do not have the status of urban-type settlements should be designed according to departmental regulatory documents, and in their absence, according to the standards established for rural settlements with the same estimated population.

Note - When designing urban and rural settlements, civil defense measures should be provided in accordance with the requirements of special regulatory documents.

This set of rules uses references to regulatory, legal, regulatory and technical documents and standards of the Russian Federation, which are included in the list of legislative and regulatory documents given in reference Appendix A.

Note - When using this set of rules, it is advisable to check the operation of reference standards and classifiers in the public information system - on the official website of the national body of the Russian Federation for standardization on the Internet or according to the annually published information index "National Standards ”, which was published as of January 1 of the current year, and according to the corresponding monthly published information indexes published in the current year. If the referenced document is replaced (modified), then when using this set of rules, one should be guided by the replaced (modified) document. If the referenced material is canceled without replacement, the provision in which the link to it is given applies to the extent that this link is not affected.

Official edition

SP 42.13330.2011

3 Terms and definitions

The main terms and definitions used in this SP are given in Appendix B.

4 The concept of development and the general organization of the territory of urban

and rural settlements

4.1 Urban and rural settlements must be designed on the basis of territorial planning documents of the Russian Federation, territorial planning documents of constituent entities of the Russian Federation, territorial planning documents of municipalities.

When planning and developing urban and rural settlements, it is necessary to be guided by the laws of the Russian Federation, decrees of the President of the Russian Federation, decrees of the Government of the Russian Federation, legislative and regulatory acts of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

4.2 Urban and rural settlements should be designed as elements of the settlement system of the Russian Federation and its constituent republics, territories, regions, municipal districts and municipalities. At the same time, territorial planning should be aimed at determining the designation of territories in territorial planning documents based on a combination of social, economic, environmental and other factors in order to ensure that the interests of citizens and their associations of the Russian Federation, constituent entities of the Russian Federation, and municipalities are taken into account.

4.3 Plans for the planning and development of urban and rural settlements must provide for a rational sequence of their development. At the same time, it is necessary to determine the prospects for the development of settlements beyond the estimated period, including fundamental decisions on territorial development, functional zoning, planning structure, engineering and transport infrastructure, rational use of natural resources and environmental protection.

As a rule, the estimated period should be up to 20 years, and the urban planning forecast can cover 30-40 years.

4.4 Cities and rural settlements, depending on the design population for the estimated period, are divided into groups in accordance with Table 1.

Table 1

		Population, thousand people
			Rural settlements
			Rural settlements
The largest

	» 500 to 1000












* The group of small towns includes urban-type settlements.

SP 42.13330.2011

4.5 The population size for the estimated period should be determined on the basis of data on the prospects for the development of the settlement in the settlement system, taking into account the demographic forecast of natural and mechanical population growth and pendulum migrations.

Prospects for the development of a rural settlement should be determined on the basis of territorial planning schemes for municipal districts, master plans for settlements in conjunction with the formation of agro-industrial and recreational complexes, as well as taking into account the placement of subsidiary farms of enterprises, organizations and institutions.

4.6 The territory for the development of cities must be chosen taking into account the possibility of its rational functional use based on a comparison of options. architectural and planning decisions, technical, economic, sanitary and hygienic indicators, fuel and energy, water, territorial resources, the state of the environment, taking into account the forecast of changes in the future of natural and other conditions. At the same time, it is necessary to take into account the maximum permissible loads on the environment based on determining its potential, the regime for the rational use of territorial and natural resources in order to ensure the most favorable living conditions for the population, to prevent the destruction of natural ecological systems and irreversible changes in the natural environment.

4.7 When developing master plans for cities and rural settlements, it is necessary to proceed from an assessment of their economic-geographical, social, industrial, historical-architectural and natural potential. This should:

take into account the administrative status of cities and rural settlements, projected population, economic base, location and role

in system of settlement (agglomeration), as well as natural-climatic, socio-demographic, national-domestic and other local features;

proceed from a comprehensive assessment and zoning of the territory of the city and the suburban area, their rational use, available resources (natural, water, energy, labor, recreational), forecasts of changes in the economic base, the state of the environment and its impact on the living conditions and health of the population, social and demographic situation, including interstate and interregional migration of the population;

provide for the improvement of the ecological and sanitary-hygienic state of the environment of settlements and territories adjacent to them, the preservation of historical and cultural heritage;

determine rational ways for the development of settlements with the allocation of priority (priority) and promising social, economic and environmental problems;

take into account the prospects for the development of the real estate market, the possibility of developing territories through the attraction of non-state investments and the sale to citizens and legal entities of land plots located on the territory of urban and rural settlements, or the right to lease them.

4.8 When planning and building cities and other settlements, it is necessary to zone their territory with the establishment of types of primary functional use, as well as other restrictions on the use of the territory for urban planning activities.

SP 42.13330.2011

The list of functional zones of territorial planning documents may include zones of predominantly residential development, mixed and public business buildings, public and business buildings, industrial buildings, mixed buildings, engineering and transport infrastructures, recreational zones, agricultural use zones, special purpose zones, including accommodation zones military and other sensitive facilities, cemetery zones, other special purpose zones.

4.9 The boundaries of the territorial zones are established when preparing the rules for land use and development, taking into account:

a) the possibility of combining within one zone different types of existing and planned use of the territory;

b) functional zones and parameters of their planning development, determined by the master plan of the settlement, the master plan of the urban district, the territorial planning scheme of the municipal district;

c) the existing planning of the territory and the existing land use; d) planned changes in the boundaries of lands of various categories in accordance with

construction.

4.10 The boundaries of territorial zones can be established by:

a) lines of highways, streets, passages separating traffic flows of opposite directions;

b) red lines; c) the boundaries of land plots;

d) the boundaries of settlements within municipalities; e) the boundaries of municipalities, including intracity

territories of federal cities of Moscow and St. Petersburg; f) natural boundaries of natural objects; g) other borders.

4.11 The boundaries of zones with special conditions for the use of territories, the boundaries of territories of cultural heritage objects, established in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, may not coincide with the boundaries of territorial zones.

In historical cities, zones (districts) of historical buildings should be allocated.

4.12 The composition of the territorial zones, as well as the features of their use

land plots are determined by urban planning regulations, development rules, taking into account the restrictions established by urban planning, land, environmental, sanitary, other special legislation, these norms, as well as special norms.

As part of the territorial zones, land plots of common use may be allocated, occupied by squares, streets, driveways, roads, embankments, squares, boulevards, reservoirs and other objects intended to meet the public interests of the population. The procedure for the use of public lands is determined by local governments.

4.13 When allocating territorial zones and establishing regulations for their use, it is also necessary to take into account restrictions on urban planning

SP 42.13330.2011

activities conditioned by the established zones of special regulation. Among them: zones of historical development, historical and cultural reserves; zones of protection of monuments of history and culture; zones of specially protected natural territories, including districts of sanitary and mountain sanitary protection; sanitary protection zones; water protection zones and coastal protective strips; mineral deposits; zones that have restrictions on the placement of buildings due to the adverse effects of natural and man-made nature (seismic, avalanches, flooding and flooding, subsidence soils, undermined territories, etc.).

4.14 Sanitary protective zones of production and other facilities that perform environmental protection functions are included in the composition of those territorial zones in which these facilities are located. The permissible regime for the use and development of sanitary protection zones must be adopted in accordance with the current legislation, these rules and regulations, the sanitary rules given in SanPiN 2.2.1 / 2.1.1.1200, as well as in agreement with local sanitary and epidemiological authorities.

In areas subject to the dangerous effects of natural and man-made factors, when zoning the territory of settlements, it is necessary to take into account the following

in of these norms, restrictions on the placement of buildings and structures associated with the long stay of a large number of people.

In areas with seismic activity of 7, 8 and 9 points, zoning of the territory of settlements should be provided taking into account seismic microzoning. At the same time, land plots with less seismicity should be used for residential development zones.

In areas subject to radiation contamination of the territories of settlements, when zoning, it is necessary to take into account the possibility of a phased change in the mode of use of these territories after taking the necessary measures to decontaminate the soil and real estate.

4.15 When drawing up a balance of the existing and project use of the territory of the settlement, it is necessary to take as a basis the zoning of the territory, determined by 4.6 of these norms, indicating in the allocated territorial zones the corresponding categories of land established by the land legislation of the Russian Federation.

As part of the balance of existing and projected use of settlement lands, it is necessary to allocate state-owned lands (of federal significance, constituent entities of the Russian Federation), municipal property, private and other property in conjunction with the data of urban planning and land cadastres.

4.16 The planning structure of urban and rural settlements should be formed, providing for:

Compact placement and interconnection of territorial zones, taking into account their permissible compatibility;

Zoning and structural division of the territory in conjunction with the system of public centers, transport and engineering infrastructure;

Efficient use of territories depending on its urban development value, permissible building density, size of land plots;

Comprehensive accounting of architectural and urban planning traditions, natural and climatic, historical, cultural, ethnographic and other local features;

SP 42.13330.2011

- effective functioning and development of life support systems, saving fuel, energy and water resources;

- protection of the environment, historical and cultural monuments;

- subsoil protection and rational use of natural resources;

- conditions for unimpeded access of disabled people to social, transport and engineering infrastructure in accordance with the requirements of regulatory documents.

In areas with seismic activity of 7, 8 and 9 points, it is necessary to provide for a dissected planning structure of cities, as well as dispersed placement of objects with a high concentration of population and having an increased fire and explosion hazard.

In historical cities, the preservation of their historical planning structure and architectural appearance should be ensured, providing for the development and implementation of programs and projects for the comprehensive reconstruction and regeneration of historical zones, taking into account the requirements of Section 14.

The organization of the territory of a rural settlement must be provided in conjunction with the functional and planning organization of the territory of rural municipalities.

4.17 In the largest and largest cities, it is necessary to provide for the integrated use of underground space to accommodate transport facilities, trade enterprises, public catering and public services, entertainment and sports facilities, utility and auxiliary facilities, engineering equipment facilities, production and utility and storage facilities for various purposes.

The placement of objects in the underground space is allowed in all territorial zones, provided that the sanitary-hygienic, environmental and fire safety requirements for these objects are met.

4.18 In areas subject to the action of dangerous and catastrophic natural phenomena (earthquakes, tsunamis, mudflows, floods, landslides and landslides), zoning of the territory of settlements should be provided taking into account risk reduction and ensuring sustainable operation. Parks, gardens, outdoor sports grounds and other undeveloped elements should be placed in areas with the highest degree of risk.

In seismic regions, functional zoning of the territory should be provided on the basis of microzoning according to seismicity conditions. At the same time, areas with less seismicity should be used for building in accordance with

with requirements of SP 14.13330.

In areas with complex engineering and geological conditions for development, it is necessary to use sites that require lower costs for engineering preparation, construction and operation of buildings and structures.

4.19 The planning structure of urban and rural settlements should be formed, ensuring compact placement and interconnection of functional zones; rational zoning of the territory in conjunction with the system of public centers, engineering and transport infrastructure; effective use of the territory depending on its town-planning value; comprehensive accounting of architectural and urban planning traditions, natural and climatic, landscape, national, domestic and other local features; protection of the environment, monuments of history and culture.

SNiP 2.07.01-89*

DEVELOPED by the institutes: State Committee for Architecture - TsNIIP Urban Planning (candidates architect. P.N. Davidenko, V.R. Krogius- theme leaders; architect candidates. I.V. Bobkov, N.M. Trubnikova, V.Ya. Khromov, S.B. Chistyakova, N.N. Sheverdyaeva; tech candidates. Sciences A.A. Agasyants, I.L. Tolstoy E.L. The car- responsible executors of sections; architect candidates. B.I. Berdnik, N.P. Extreme, V.P. Lomachenko, E.P., Menshikova, L.I. Sokolov; tech candidates. Sciences N.K. Kiryushina, N.A. Korneev, N.A. Rudneva, A.I. Strelnikov, V.A. Shcheglov; V.A. Gutnikov, G.V. Zhegalina, L.G. Kovalenko, G.N. Levchenko, S.K. regame, T.G. Turkadze, O.Yu. Krivonosova, N.V. Fugarova, N.U. Chernobaev), LenNIIP of urban planning (candidate of economic sciences T.N. Chistyakov), LenZNIIEP (R.M. Popova; cand. archit. I.P. Fashchevskaya), KievNIIP of urban planning (candidate of technical sciences V.F. Makukhin, Dr. Architect. T.F. Panchenko), TsNIIEP dwellings (candidate architect. B.Yu. Brandenburg), TsNIIEP educational buildings (Dr. IN AND. Stepanov, architect candidates. N.S. Shakaryan, N.N. Shchetinina, S.F. Naumov, A.M. Garnets, G.N. Tsytovich, A.M. Bazilevich, I.P. Vasiliev; G.I. Polyakov), TsNIIEP them. B.S. Mezentseva (candidates architect A.A. Vysokovsky, V.A. Mashinsky, G.A. Muradov, A.Ya. Nikolskaya, E.K. Milashevskaya), TsNIIEP of Resort and Tourist Buildings and Complexes (Cand. AND I. Yatsenko; T.Ya. Papernova), TsNIIEP engineering equipment ( F.M. Gukasova; cand. tech. Sciences L.R. Nayfeld), TsNIIEP grazhdanselstroem (Dr. S.B. Moiseeva, architect candidates. R.D. Bagirov, T.G. Badalov, M.A. Vasiliev); Gosstroy of the USSR - Central Research Institute of Industrial Buildings (Doctor of Architect E.S. Matveev), Promstroyproekt (N.T. Ostrogradsky), NIISF (candidate of technical sciences O.A. basket); GiproNII AS USSR (candidates archit. YES. Metaniev, N.R. Frezinskaya); GiproNIIzdrav of the USSR Ministry of Health (Yu.S. Skvortsov); Soyuzgiproleskhoz of the State Committee for Forestry of the USSR ( T.L. Bondarenko, V.M. Lukyanov); Giprotorg of the USSR Ministry of Trade (A.S. Ponomarev); Moscow Research Institute of Hygiene. F.F. Erisman of the Ministry of Health of the RSFSR (candidate of medical sciences I.S. Kiryanova; G.A. Bunyaev); Ministry of Housing and Communal Services of the RSFSR - Giprokommunstroy ( V.N. Antoninov), Giprokommundortrans (I.N. Kleshnina, Yu.R. Romantsov, A.M. Shirinsky); AKH im. K.D. Pamfilova (candidates of technical sciences V.M. Mikhailova, V.I. Mikhailov); GiproNIselkhoz of the State Agroprom of the USSR ( E.I. Pishchik, T.G. Gorbunov).

INTRODUCED by the State Committee for Architecture.

PREPARED FOR APPROVAL AS. Krivov; I.G. Ivanov, G.A. Long; T.A. Glukhareva, Yu.V. Polyansky.

SNiP 2.07.01-89* is a reissue of SNiP 2.07.01-89 with amendments and additions approved by the Decree of the USSR Gosstroy of July 13, 1990 No. 61, by order of the Ministry of Architecture, Construction, Housing and Communal Services of the Russian Federation of December 23, 1992 No. 269, Decree of the Gosstroy of Russia dated August 25, 1993 No. 18-32.

State

building

Building regulations

SNiP 2.07.01-89*

USSR Committee

(Gosstroy of the USSR)

Urban planning.

Planning and development

Instead of SNiP II-60-75

urban and rural settlements

These rules and regulations apply to the design of new and reconstruction of existing urban and rural settlements and include the basic requirements for their planning and development. These requirements should be specified in regional (territorial) regulatory documents*.

Urban-type settlements (urban, workers, resorts) should be designed according to the standards established for small towns with the same estimated population.

Settlements with enterprises and facilities located outside cities that do not have the status of urban-type settlements should be designed according to departmental regulatory documents, and in their absence, according to the standards established for rural settlements with the same estimated population.

Note. When designing urban and rural settlements, civil defense measures should be envisaged in accordance with the requirements of special regulatory documents.

1. CONCEPT OF DEVELOPMENT AND GENERAL ORGANIZATION OF THE TERRITORY OF URBAN AND RURAL SETTLEMENTS

1.1*. Urban and rural settlements must be designed on the basis of urban planning forecasts and programs, general schemes for resettlement, nature management and the territorial organization of the productive forces of the Russian Federation; settlement schemes, nature management and territorial organization of the productive forces of large geographic regions and national-state formations; schemes and projects of regional planning of administrative-territorial formations; territorial integrated schemes for nature protection and nature management in zones of intensive economic development and unique natural significance, including measures to prevent and protect against hazardous natural and man-made processes.

When planning and developing urban and rural settlements, it is necessary to be guided by the laws of the Russian Federation, decrees of the President of the Russian Federation, and resolutions of the Government of the Russian Federation.

1.2*. Urban and rural settlements should be designed as elements of the settlement system of the Russian Federation and its constituent republics, territories, regions, districts, administrative districts and rural administrative-territorial entities, as well as inter-regional, inter-district and inter-farm settlement systems. At the same time, one should take into account the formation of social, industrial, engineering, transport and other infrastructures common for settlement systems, as well as labor, cultural, community and recreational ties developed in the future within the zone of influence of the settlement-center or sub-center of the settlement system.

The sizes of zones of influence should be taken: for cities - centers of administrative-territorial formations on the basis of data on settlement schemes, schemes and projects of district planning, taking into account the existing administrative borders of republics, territories, regions, administrative regions; rural settlements - centers of administrative regions and rural administrative-territorial formations - within the boundaries of administrative regions and rural administrative-territorial formations.

1.3*. Plans for the planning and development of urban and rural settlements must provide for a rational sequence of their development. At the same time, it is necessary to determine the prospects for the development of settlements beyond the estimated period, including fundamental decisions on territorial development, functional zoning, planning structure, engineering and transport infrastructure, rational use of natural resources and environmental protection.

As a rule, the estimated period should be up to 20 years, and the urban planning forecast can cover 30-40 years.

1.4. Urban and rural settlements, depending on the design population for the estimated period, are divided into groups in accordance with Table. one

Table 1

Settlement groups	Population, thousand people
		Rural settlements
The largest
	"500 to 1000






__________________ 1 The group of small towns includes urban-type settlements.

1.5. The population size for the estimated period should be determined on the basis of data on the prospects for the development of the settlement in the settlement system, taking into account the demographic forecast of natural and mechanical population growth and pendulum migrations.

Prospects for the development of a rural settlement should be determined on the basis of plans for the development of collective farms and state farms and other enterprises, taking into account their production specialization, schemes for land management projects, regional planning projects in conjunction with the formation of an agro-industrial complex, as well as taking into account the placement of subsidiary farms of enterprises, organizations and institutions . In this case, the calculation of the population should be performed for a group of rural settlements included in the economy.

1.6*. The territory for the development of urban and rural settlements must be chosen taking into account the possibility of its rational functional use based on a comparison of architectural and planning solutions, technical, economic, sanitary and hygienic indicators, fuel and energy, water, territorial resources, the state of the environment, taking into account the forecast changes for the future natural and other conditions. At the same time, it is necessary to take into account the maximum permissible loads on the environment based on determining its potential, the regime for the rational use of territorial and natural resources in order to ensure the most favorable living conditions for the population, to prevent the destruction of natural ecological systems and irreversible changes in the natural environment.

1.7. Taking into account the predominant functional use, the territory of the city is divided into residential, industrial and landscape-recreational.

Residential area is intended: to accommodate housing stock, public buildings and structures, including research institutes and their complexes, as well as individual communal and industrial facilities that do not require the construction of sanitary protection zones; for the arrangement of intracity communications, streets, squares, parks, gardens, boulevards and other public places.

Production area is designed to accommodate industrial enterprises and related facilities, complexes of scientific institutions with their pilot production facilities, utility and storage facilities, external transport facilities, extra-urban and suburban communication routes.

Landscape and recreational area includes urban forests, forest parks, forest protection zones, reservoirs, agricultural land and other lands, which, together with parks, gardens, squares and boulevards located in the residential area, form a system of open spaces.

Within these territories, zones of various functional purposes are distinguished: residential buildings, public centers, industrial, scientific and research and production, communal and warehouse, external transport, mass recreation, resort (in cities and towns with medical resources), protected landscapes.

The organization of the territory of a rural settlement must be provided in conjunction with the overall functional organization of the territory of the economy, as a rule, highlighting residential and industrial areas.

In historical cities, zones (districts) of historical buildings should be allocated.

Notes: 1. If sanitary and hygienic and other requirements for the joint placement of objects of different functional purposes are observed, it is allowed to create multifunctional zones.

2. In areas subject to the action of dangerous and catastrophic natural phenomena (earthquakes, tsunamis, mudflows, floods, landslides and landslides), zoning of the territory of settlements should be provided taking into account risk reduction and ensuring sustainable functioning. Parks, gardens, outdoor sports grounds and other undeveloped elements should be placed in areas with the highest degree of risk.

3. In areas with complex engineering and geological conditions for development, it is necessary to use sites that require lower costs for engineering preparation, construction and operation of buildings and structures.

1.8*. The planning structure of urban and rural settlements should be formed, providing a compact placement of the interconnection of functional zones; rational zoning of the territory in conjunction with the system of public centers, engineering and transport infrastructure; effective use of the territory depending on its town-planning value; comprehensive accounting of architectural and urban planning traditions, natural and climatic, landscape, national, domestic and other local features; protection of the environment, monuments of history and culture.

Notes*: 1. In seismic areas, it is necessary to provide for a dissected planning structure of cities and dispersed placement of objects with a large concentration of the population, as well as fire and explosion hazardous.

2. In historical cities, it is necessary to ensure the full preservation of their historical planning structure and architectural appearance, to provide for the development and implementation of programs for the comprehensive reconstruction of historical zones, the restoration of historical and cultural monuments.

3. When planning and building urban and rural settlements, it is necessary to provide conditions for the full-fledged life of the disabled and sedentary groups of the population in accordance with the requirements of VSN 62-91, approved by the State Committee for Architecture.

1.9. In the largest and largest cities, it is necessary to ensure the integrated use of underground space for the interconnected placement of urban transport facilities, trade enterprises, public catering and public utilities, individual entertainment and sports facilities, utility and auxiliary premises of administrative, public and residential buildings, objects of systems engineering equipment, industrial and municipal storage facilities for various purposes.

1.10. In the territories adjacent to cities, suburban areas should be provided for their use as reserves for the subsequent development of cities and the placement of economic services, and as part of suburban areas - green areas intended for organizing recreation for the population, improving the microclimate, the state of atmospheric air and sanitary conditions. hygiene conditions.

When determining the boundaries of the suburban zone, one should take into account the interconnected development of urban and rural settlements, the boundaries of administrative districts, agricultural and other enterprises. For the cities included in the formed group settlement system, a common suburban zone should be provided.

1.11. The placement of subsidiary farms of enterprises, organizations and institutions, as well as plots for collective gardens and orchards, should be provided, as a rule, on the territory of a suburban area. Objects of housing and civil construction of subsidiary farms, as a rule, should be placed on the territories of existing rural settlements.

Plots of horticultural partnerships must be located, taking into account the prospective development of urban and rural settlements outside the reserve territories provided for individual housing construction, at a distance of accessibility by public transport from places of residence, as a rule, no more than 1.5 hours, and for the largest and largest cities - no more than 2 hours

2. RESIDENTIAL TERRITORY

2.1*. The planning structure of the residential territory of urban and rural settlements should be formed taking into account the interconnected placement of zones of public centers, residential development, street and road network, landscaped areas for common use, as well as in conjunction with the planning structure of the settlement as a whole, depending on its size and natural features of the territory .

To preliminarily determine the need for a residential area, aggregated indicators per 1000 people should be taken: in cities with an average number of storeys of residential buildings up to 3 floors - 10 hectares for buildings without land plots and 20 hectares for buildings with plots; from 4 to 8 floors - 8 hectares; 9 floors and above - 7 hectares.

For areas north of 58° N, as well as climatic subregions IA, IB, IG, ID and IIA, these indicators may be reduced, but not more than 30%.

Note. The residential area in cities must be divided into areas of no more than 250 hectares by highways or strips of green spaces at least 100 m wide.

2.2. When determining the size of a residential area, one should proceed from the need to provide each family with a separate apartment or house. Estimated housing provision is determined differentially for cities as a whole and their individual districts on the basis of forecast data on the average family size, taking into account the types of residential buildings used, planned volumes of housing construction, and the share of the fund built at the expense of the population. The total area of apartments should be calculated in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 2.08.01-89.

2.3*. Placement of individual construction in cities should include:

within the city limits - mainly in free territories, including territories previously considered unsuitable for construction, as well as in areas of reconstructed development (in areas of existing individual homestead development, in areas of non-homestead development during its compaction and in order to preserve the nature of the existing urban environment) ;

in the territories of suburban zones - in reserve territories included in the city limits; in new and developing settlements located within the transport accessibility of the city 30-40 min.

Areas of individual estate development in cities should not be placed in the main directions of development of multi-storey construction in the future.

Landscaping, landscaping and engineering equipment of the territory, placement of institutions and enterprises serving everyday use should be provided for in areas of individual development.

COMMUNITY CENTERS

2.4. In cities, a system of public centers should be formed, including a city center, centers of planning areas (zones), residential and industrial areas, recreation areas, shopping and household centers for everyday use, as well as specialized centers (medical, educational, sports, etc.) allowed to be placed in the suburban area.

Note. The number, composition and location of public centers are taken into account the size of the city, its role in the settlement system and the functional and planning organization of the territory. In large and largest cities, as well as in cities with a dissected structure, the city center, as a rule, is supplemented by sub-centers of urban significance. In small towns and rural settlements, as a rule, a single public center is formed, supplemented by objects of daily use in residential areas.

2.5. In the city center, depending on its size and planning organization, systems of interconnected public spaces (main streets, squares, pedestrian zones) that form the core of the city center should be formed.

In historical cities, the core of the city center may be formed completely or partially within the historical development zone, provided that the integrity of the existing historical environment is ensured.

RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT

2.6. When designing residential development, as a rule, two main levels of structural organization of a residential area are distinguished:

neighborhood(quarter) - a structural element of residential development with an area, as a rule, of 10-60 hectares, but not more than 80 hectares, not divided by main streets and roads, within which institutions and enterprises of everyday use are located with a service radius of not more than 500 m (except for schools and preschool institutions, the service radius of which is determined in accordance with Table 5 of these standards); boundaries, as a rule, are main or residential streets, driveways, pedestrian paths, natural boundaries;

Residential area- a structural element of a residential area with an area, as a rule, from 80 to 250 hectares, within which institutions and enterprises are located with a service radius of not more than 1500 m, as well as part of objects of urban importance; borders, as a rule, are insurmountable natural and artificial boundaries, main streets and roads of citywide significance.

Notes: 1. A residential area is, as a rule, the subject of a detailed planning project, and a microdistrict (quarter) is a development project. The projected object should be referred to one of the levels of the structural organization of the residential area in the design task.

2. In small towns and rural settlements with a compact planning structure, the entire residential area can be a residential area.

3. In the zone of historical development, the elements of the structural organization of the residential area are quarters, groups of quarters, ensembles of streets and squares.

2.7. The number of storeys of residential development is determined on the basis of technical and economic calculations, taking into account architectural and compositional, social, hygienic, demographic requirements, features of the social base and the level of engineering equipment.

Note. For cities located in areas with a seismic activity of 7-9 points, as a rule, one-, two-section residential buildings with a height of no more than 4 floors, as well as low-rise buildings with household plots and apartment plots, should be used. The placement and number of storeys of residential and public buildings must be provided taking into account the requirements of SNiP II-7-81* and SN 429-71.

2.8. During the reconstruction of areas with a predominance of the existing capital residential development, it is necessary to provide for the streamlining of the planning structure and the network of streets, the improvement of the system of public services, landscaping and landscaping, the maximum preservation of the originality of the architectural appearance of residential and public buildings, their modernization and overhaul, restoration and adaptation for modern use. monuments of history and culture.

The volume of the housing stock to be preserved or to be demolished should be determined in accordance with the established procedure, taking into account its economic and historical value, technical condition, the maximum preservation of the housing stock suitable for habitation, and the existing historical environment.

In the case of a comprehensive reconstruction of the existing development, it is allowed, with appropriate justification, to clarify the regulatory requirements with a design assignment in agreement with the local architecture authorities, state supervision and sanitary inspection. At the same time, it is necessary to ensure the reduction of the fire hazard of buildings and the improvement of sanitary and hygienic living conditions for the population.

2.9*. Entrances to the territory of microdistricts and quarters, as well as through passages in buildings should be provided at a distance of no more than 300 m from one another, and in reconstructed areas with perimeter development - no more than 180 m. at least 50 m from the stop line of intersections. At the same time, there should be at least 20 m to a public transport stop.

For access to groups of residential buildings, large institutions and service enterprises, shopping centers, main passages should be provided, and to separate buildings - secondary passages, the dimensions of which should be taken in accordance with Table. 8 real rules.

Neighborhoods and quarters with buildings of 5 floors and above, as a rule, are served by two-lane, and with buildings up to 5 floors - by single-lane driveways.

On single-lane driveways, passing platforms 6 m wide and 15 m long should be provided at a distance of no more than 75 m from one another. Within the facades of buildings with entrances, driveways are arranged with a width of 5.5 m.

Dead-end driveways should be no more than 150 m long and end with turntables, providing the possibility of turning garbage trucks, cleaning and fire trucks.

Sidewalks and cycle paths should be raised 15 cm above the level of driveways. Crossings of sidewalks and bicycle paths with secondary passages, and at approaches to schools and kindergartens and with main passages, should be provided at the same level with a ramp 1.5 and 3 m long, respectively.

Note*. For detached residential buildings with a height of no more than 9 floors, as well as for objects visited by disabled people, it is allowed to arrange driveways combined with sidewalks with a length of no more than 150 m and a total width of at least 4.2 m, and in low-rise (2-3 floors) building with a width of at least 3.5 m.

2.10*. The size of homestead (near-apartment) land plots allocated in cities for an individual house or for one apartment should be taken in accordance with the procedure established by local authorities.

When determining the size of homestead and near-apartment land plots, it is necessary to take into account the features of urban planning situations in cities of different sizes, types of residential buildings, the nature of the emerging residential development (environment), the conditions for its placement in the city structure, guided by the recommended Appendix 3.

2.11. The area of the green area of the microdistrict (quarter) should be taken at least 6 m 2 /person. (excluding areas of schools and preschool institutions).

For parts of the climatic subdistricts IA, IB, IG, ID and IIA, located north of 58 ° N, the total area of the green area of the microdistricts can be reduced, but taken at least 3 m 2 / person, and for parts of the climatic subdistricts IA, IG , ID, IIA south of 58°N. and subareas IB, IIB and IIB north of 58°N. - not less than 5 m 2 / person.

Note. The area of individual sections of the green area of the microdistrict includes areas for recreation, for children to play, footpaths, if they occupy no more than 30% of the total area of the site.

2.12*. Distances between residential, residential and public, as well as industrial buildings should be taken on the basis of insolation and illumination calculations in accordance with the insolation standards given in clause 9.19 of these standards, the illumination standards given in SNiP II-4-79, and also in accordance with with the fire safety requirements given in mandatory Appendix 1.

Between the long sides of residential buildings with a height of 2-3 floors, distances (household gaps) should be taken at least 15 m, and 4 floors high - at least 20 m, between the long sides and ends of the same buildings with windows from living rooms - at least 10 m The indicated distances can be reduced subject to the norms of insolation and illumination, if the obstruction of residential premises (rooms and kitchens) from window to window is ensured.

Notes *: 1. In areas of estate development, the distance from the windows of residential premises (rooms, kitchens and verandas) to the walls of the house and outbuildings (barn, garage, bathhouse) located on neighboring land plots, according to sanitary and living conditions, must be at least , usually 6 m; and the distance to the barn for livestock and poultry - in accordance with paragraph 2.19 * of these standards. Outbuildings should be placed from the boundaries of the site at a distance of at least 1 m.

2. It is allowed to block outbuildings on adjacent household land plots by mutual agreement of the homeowners, taking into account the requirements given in the mandatory Appendix 1.

2.13. When designing residential development, it is necessary to provide for the placement of sites, the dimensions of which and the distances from them to residential and public buildings should be taken not less than those given in Table. 2.

The norms and rules apply to the design of new and reconstruction of existing urban and rural settlements and include the basic requirements for their planning and development.
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Since 07/01/2015 the document has not been updated - the updated version is valid SP 42.13330.2011 Urban planning. Planning and development of urban and rural settlements.
From 01/01/1990 to 07/01/2015 it was valid.

Instead SNiP II-60-75 Planning and development of cities, towns and rural settlements

Document approved by: Gosstroy of the USSR (State Committee of the Council of Ministers of the USSR for Construction), Resolution No. 78 dated 05/16/1989
Date of entry into force of the document: 01/01/1990

Comment: Reissue with changes and additions.
According to are mandatory: sections 1 - 5, 6 (clauses 6.1 - 6.41, table 10 *), 7 - 9; application 2.

Since May 20, 2011, the updated version is valid SP 42.13330.2011
Clarification of the Ministry of Regional Development on the applicability of this SNiP and given in dated 15.08.2011

Table of contents.
1 The concept of development and the general organization of the territory of urban and rural settlements
2 Residential area
community centers
Residential development
Residential area of a rural settlement
3 Production area
Industrial zone (district)
Scientific and research and production zone (district)
Communal warehouse zone (district)
Industrial area of a rural settlement
4 Landscape and recreation area
Landscape architecture and landscape gardening
Recreation and resort areas
5 Institutions and service enterprises
6 Transport and road network
External transport
Network of streets and roads
Network of public passenger transport and pedestrian traffic
Structures and devices for storage and maintenance of vehicles
7 Engineering equipment
Water supply and sewerage
Sanitary cleaning
Electricity, heat, cold and gas supply, communications, broadcasting and television
Placement of engineering networks
8 Engineering preparation and protection of the territory
9 Protection of the environment, historical and cultural monuments
Protection and rational use of natural resources
Protection of the atmosphere, water bodies and soils from pollution
Protection against noise, vibration, electric and magnetic fields, radiation and exposure
Microclimate regulation
Protection of historical and cultural monuments
Annex 1. Mandatory. Fire requirements
Annex 2. Mandatory. Requirements for the coordination of the placement of facilities in the areas of airfields and other territories, taking into account the safety of aircraft flights
Appendix 3. Recommended. Sizes of homestead and near-apartment land plots
Annex 4. Recommended. Estimated population density of the territory of a residential area and microdistrict
Annex 5. Recommended. Estimated population density in the residential area of a rural settlement
Annex 6. Recommended. Areas and sizes of land plots of warehouses
Annex 7. Recommended. Norms for calculating institutions and service enterprises and the size of their land plots
Annex 8. Recommended. Categories and parameters of roads in suburban areas of cities and settlement systems
Annex 9. Recommended. Norms for calculating parking lots
Appendix 10. Recommended. Norms of land plots of garages and vehicle parks
Annex 11. Recommended. Standards for the accumulation of household waste
Annex 12. Recommended. Aggregated indicators of power consumption

* Taking into account the use of one lane for parking of cars.

Notes

1 The width of streets and roads is determined by calculation depending on the intensity of traffic and pedestrians, the composition of the elements placed within the transverse profile (carriageways, technical lanes for laying underground utilities, sidewalks, green spaces, etc.), taking into account sanitary and hygienic requirements and civil defense requirements. As a rule, the width of streets and roads in the red lines is taken m: main roads - 50-75; main streets - 40-80; streets and roads of local importance - 15-25.

2 In conditions of complex terrain or reconstruction, as well as in areas with high urban development value of the territory, it is allowed to reduce the design speed for high-speed roads and streets of continuous traffic by 10 km/h with a decrease in the radii of curves in the plan and an increase in longitudinal slopes.

3 For the movement of buses and trolleybuses on the main streets and roads in large, large and largest cities, an extreme lane 4 m wide should be provided; for the passage of buses during peak hours at a rate of more than 40 units / h, and in conditions of reconstruction - more than 20 units / h, a separate carriageway with a width of 8-12 m is allowed.

On main roads with predominant traffic of trucks, it is allowed to increase the width of the lane up to 4 m.

4 In climatic subregions IA, IB and IG, the largest longitudinal slopes of the carriageway of main streets and roads should be reduced by 10%. In areas with a winter snowfall of more than 600 m / m, within the carriageway of streets and roads, lanes up to 3 m wide should be provided for snow storage.

5 The width of the pedestrian part of sidewalks and paths does not include the area required for kiosks, benches, etc.

6 In climatic subregions IA, IB and IG, in areas with a snow load of more than 200 m / m, the width of sidewalks on main streets should be taken at least 3 m.

7 In the conditions of reconstruction on the streets of local importance, as well as with an estimated pedestrian traffic of less than 50 people per hour in both directions, it is allowed to install sidewalks and paths with a width of 1 m.

8 When sidewalks are directly adjacent to the walls of buildings, retaining walls or fences, their width should be increased by at least 0.5 m.

9 It is allowed to provide for the phased achievement of the design parameters of the main streets and roads, transport intersections, taking into account the specific size of traffic and pedestrians, with the obligatory reservation of the territory and underground space for prospective construction.

10 In small, medium and large cities, as well as in the conditions of reconstruction and in the organization of one-way traffic, it is allowed to use the parameters of the main streets of district significance for the design of main streets of citywide significance.

6. TRANSPORT AND ROAD NETWORK

6.1. When designing urban and rural settlements, it is necessary to provide for a unified system of transport and the road network in conjunction with the planning structure of the settlement and the territory adjacent to it, providing convenient, fast and safe transport links with all functional zones, with other settlements of the settlement system, objects located in the suburban area, external transport facilities and highways of the general network.

6.2. The time spent in cities for moving from places of residence to places of work for 90% of workers (one way) should not exceed, min, for cities with a population, thousand people:

2000 ...........................................................
1000 ...........................................................
500 ...........................................................
250 ...........................................................
100 or less ...............................................

For those who come to work in the city center from other settlements on a daily basis, the specified norms for spending time can be increased, but not more than twice.

For residents of rural settlements, the time spent on labor movements (on foot or using transport) within an agricultural enterprise, as a rule, should not exceed 30 minutes.

Notes: 1. For cities with a population of over 2 million. people the maximum allowable time expenditure should be determined according to special justifications, taking into account the actual resettlement, location of places of application of labor and the level of development of transport systems.

2. For intermediate values of the estimated population of cities, the indicated norms for spending time should be interpolated.

6.3. The capacity of the network of streets, roads and transport intersections, the number of car storage places should be determined based on the level of motorization for the estimated period, cars per 1000 people: 200-250 cars, including 3-4 taxis and 2-3 departmental cars, 25- 40 trucks depending on the composition of the fleet. Number of motorcycles and mopeds per 1000 people 50-100 units should be taken for cities with a population of over 100 thousand people. and 100-150 units for other settlements.

The number of cars arriving in the city center from other settlements of the resettlement system and transit cars is determined by a special calculation.

The specified level of motorization may be reduced or increased depending on local conditions, but not more than 20%.

OUTSIDE TRANSPORT

6.4. Passenger stations (railway, road, water transport and air terminals) should be located, providing transport links with the city center, between stations, with residential and industrial areas. It is allowed to provide combined or combined passenger stations for two or more modes of transport.

In cities served by airports with a passenger flow of at least 2 million people. per year, city air terminals should be created, and in other cases, air communication agencies or points of departure and arrival of air passengers.

6.5. New marshalling yards of the general railway network should be located outside the cities, and technical passenger stations, reserve rolling stock fleets, freight stations and container yards of railway and road transport - outside the residential area. Warehouses and sites for bulk cargoes of long-term storage, located within the residential area, are subject to transfer to communal storage areas.

6.6. In suburban areas of large and largest cities, for the passage of transit trains, bypass lines should be provided with the placement of marshalling and freight stations of general hub significance on them. At the head sections of railways, with an intensity of suburban and intracity passenger traffic of more than 10 pairs of trains per hour, additional tracks should be provided, and, if necessary, the installation of deep railway entries or diameters in cities to ensure their interaction with urban high-speed transport.

6.7. Crossings of railway lines among themselves at different levels should be provided for lines of categories: 1, II - outside the territory of settlements, III, IV - outside the residential area.

Within the territory of settlements, railway crossings at the same level with streets and highways, as well as with electric public passenger transport lines, should be provided in accordance with the requirements of SNiP II-39-76.

6.8. Residential buildings must be separated from railways by a sanitary protection zone 100 m wide, counting from the axis of the outermost railway track. When placing railways in a recess or when implementing special noise protection measures that ensure the requirements of SNiP II-12-77, the width of the sanitary protection zone can be reduced, but not more than 50 m. Distances from marshalling yards to residential buildings are taken on the basis of calculation taking into account the size of the cargo turnover, the fire and explosion hazard of the transported goods, as well as the permissible levels of noise and vibration.

In the sanitary protection zone, outside the right of way of the railway, it is allowed to place roads, garages, parking lots, warehouses, public utilities. At least 50% of the area of the sanitary protection zone must be landscaped. The width of the sanitary protection zone to the boundaries of garden plots should be taken at least 50 m.

6.9. Motor roads of the general network of categories I, II, III, as a rule, should be designed to bypass settlements in accordance with SNiP 2.05.02-85. The distances from the edge of the subgrade of these roads to development must be taken in accordance with SNiP 2.05.02-85 and the requirements of Sec. 9 of these norms, but not less; to residential development 100 m, to horticultural associations 50 m; for roads of category IV, 50 and 25 m should be taken, respectively. To protect buildings from noise and vehicle exhaust gases, a strip of green spaces with a width of at least 10 m should be provided along the road.

In the case of laying roads of the general network through the territory of settlements, they should be designed taking into account the requirements of these standards.

6.10. Motor roads in the suburban area, which are a continuation of city highways and provide the passage of uneven traffic flows from the city center to suburban areas of mass recreation, airports and other settlements in the settlement system, should be designed taking into account reverse traffic, taking, as a rule, the width of the main carriageway in accordance with the largest hourly car flows.

6.11 Aerodromes and heliports should be located in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 2.05.08-85 at a distance from the residential area and public recreation areas, ensuring flight safety and permissible levels of aircraft noise in accordance with GOST 22283-88 and electromagnetic radiation established for residential areas sanitary standards.

These requirements must also be observed when placing new residential areas and public recreation areas in the areas of existing airports.

6.12. The placement of buildings, high-voltage power lines, radio engineering and other structures in the areas of aerodromes that may threaten the safety of aircraft flights or interfere with the normal operation of aerodrome navigation aids must be agreed with the enterprises and organizations in charge of aerodromes. Requirements for coordinating the placement of objects are given in mandatory Appendix 2.

6.13. Sea and river ports should be located outside residential areas at a distance of at least 100 m from residential areas.

Distances from the boundaries of specialized areas of new sea and river ports to residential development should be taken, m, not less than:

from the borders of the transshipment areas and

storage of dusty cargo .............................................................. ........ 300

from tanks and filling devices for flammable and combustible liquids in warehouses of categories:

I ................................................. ................................................. 200

II and III ............................................... ......................................... 100

from the boundaries of the fishing area of the port (without

on-site fish processing) ............................................... .......... 100

Notes: 1. On the territory of river and sea ports, it is necessary to provide exits to the water and areas for water intake by fire trucks.

2. In ports with a small cargo turnover, the passenger and cargo areas may be combined into one cargo-passenger area.

6.14. The width of the coastal territory of cargo areas should be taken, in m, not more than: for a seaport - 400, a river port - 300, piers - 150, specialized river ports intended for transshipment of bulk cargo with the organization of internavigational storage - 400. With appropriate justification, the indicated width of the territory may be increased.

Along navigable channels, locks and other hydrotechnical navigation facilities, a strip of at least 80 m wide, free from buildings, used for landscaping and roads of local importance, should be provided on each side.

6.15*. River port areas intended for storage of flammable and combustible liquids should be located downstream of the river at a distance of at least 500 m from residential buildings, places of mass recreation for the population, marinas, river stations, raids of ship sludge, hydroelectric power plants, industrial enterprises and bridges. It is allowed to place them upstream of the listed objects at a distance, m, not less, for warehouses of categories; 1 - 5000, II and III - 3000.

Placement of new and reconstruction of existing buildings and structures in the area of operation of navigational aids to sea lanes should be carried out in agreement with the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation and the Ministry of the Marine Fleet of the Russian Federation.

6.16. Coastal bases and parking places for small boats belonging to sports clubs and individual citizens should be located in suburban areas, and within cities - outside residential areas and outside public recreation areas.

The size of the site for single-tier rack storage of ships should be taken (for one place), m 2 for the pleasure fleet - 27, sports - 75.

NETWORK OF STREETS AND ROADS

6.17. The street and road network of settlements should be designed as a continuous system, taking into account the functional purpose of streets and roads, the intensity of transport, cycling and pedestrian traffic, the architectural and planning organization of the territory and the nature of development. As part of the road network, streets and roads of main and local significance, as well as main streets, should be distinguished. Categories of streets and roads of cities should be assigned in accordance with the classification given in Table. 7.

6.18*. The design parameters of streets and roads of cities should be taken according to Table. 8*, rural settlements - according to the table. nine.

6.19. The distance from the edge of the main carriageway of main roads to the residential development regulation line should be at least 50 m, and if noise protection devices are used that meet the requirements of SNiP II-12-77, at least 25 m.

The distance from the edge of the main carriageway of streets, local or side passages to the building line should be taken no more than 25 m. In cases where the specified distance is exceeded, a 6 m wide lane suitable for the passage of fire trucks should be provided at a distance of not closer than 5 m from the building line.

6.20. At the end of the carriageways of dead-end streets and roads, areas with islands with a diameter of at least 16 m should be arranged for turning cars and at least 30 m when organizing a final point for turning public passenger transport. The use of turntables for parking is not allowed.

6.21*. On the main streets of regulated traffic, it is allowed to provide bicycle lanes marked with dividing lanes. In areas of mass recreation of the population and in other green areas, bicycle paths should be provided, isolated from streets, roads and pedestrian traffic. Bicycle lanes can be arranged for one-way and two-way traffic with the smallest safety distance from the edge of the bike path, m:

to the carriageway, supports, trees ....................... 0.75.

to sidewalks .................................................. .......... 0.5;

to car parks and stops

public transport. ................................. 1.5.

Note. It is allowed to arrange cycle lanes along the edge of the carriageway of streets and roads, marking them with a double line. The lane width must be at least 1.2 m when driving in the direction of the traffic flow and at least 1.5 m when driving oncoming traffic. The width of the cycle lane arranged along the sidewalk must be at least 1 m.

6.22*. Curve radii of the carriageway of streets and roads along the edge of sidewalks and dividing lanes should be taken at least, m:

for main streets and roads

controlled movement .................................................. 8

local importance.............................................. 5

on transport areas.............................. 12

In cramped conditions and during reconstruction, the curvature radii of main streets and roads of regulated traffic can be reduced, but taken at least 6 m, in transport areas - 8 m.

In the absence of curb fencing, as well as in the case of minimum curvature radii, the width of the carriageway of streets and roads should be increased by 1 m for each traffic lane due to side dividing lanes or broadening from the outside.

Note. For public transport (tram, trolley bus, bus), the curvature radii are set in accordance with the technical requirements for the operation of these modes of transport.

6.23*. At unregulated intersections and junctions of streets and roads, as well as pedestrian crossings, it is necessary to provide visibility triangles. The dimensions of the sides of an isosceles triangle for the conditions "transport-transport" at a speed of 40 and 60 km / h should be, respectively, not less than, m: 25 and 40. For the conditions "pedestrian-transport", the dimensions of a right-angled visibility triangle should be at a speed of 25 and 40 km / h, respectively, 8x40 and 10x50 m.

Within the triangles of visibility, it is not allowed to place buildings, structures, mobile objects (kiosks, vans, advertisements, small architectural forms, etc.), trees and shrubs with a height of more than 0.5 m.

Note. In the conditions of the existing capital development, which does not allow organizing the necessary triangles of visibility, the safe movement of vehicles and pedestrians should be provided with means of regulation and special technical equipment.

6.24. In residential areas, in places where homes for the elderly and disabled, health facilities and other institutions of mass visits by the population are located, pedestrian paths should be provided for the passage of mechanical wheelchairs. At the same time, the height of vertical obstacles (side stones, curbs) on the route should not exceed 5 cm; steep (more than 100 % about) short ramps, as well as longitudinal slopes of sidewalks and pedestrian roads of more than 50 % about. On tracks with slopes of 30-60 % about it is necessary to arrange horizontal sections at least 5 m long at least every 100 m.

Table 7

	The main purpose of roads and streets
Main roads:
high-speed traffic	High-speed transport connection between remote industrial and planning areas in the largest and large cities: exits to external highways, airports, large public recreation areas and settlements in the settlement system. Intersections with main streets and roads at different levels
controlled traffic	Transport links between city districts in certain directions and areas of predominantly freight traffic carried out outside residential areas, exits to external roads, intersections with streets and roads, as a rule, at the same level
Main streets:
citywide value:
continuous movement	Transport connection between residential, industrial areas and public centers in the largest, large and large cities, as well as with other main streets, city and external roads. Ensuring the movement of transport in the main directions at different levels
controlled traffic	Transport links between residential, industrial areas and the city center, centers of planning areas; exits to main streets and roads and external roads. Intersections with main streets and roads, as a rule, on the same level
regional significance:
transport and pedestrian	Transport and pedestrian links between residential areas, as well as between residential and industrial areas, public centers, exits to other main streets
pedestrian and transport	Pedestrian and transport links (mainly public passenger transport) within the planning area
Streets and roads of local importance:
streets in residential buildings	Transport (without passing freight and public transport) and pedestrian communications in the territory of residential areas (neighborhoods), exits to main streets and roads of regulated traffic
streets and roads in research and production, industrial and municipal warehouse zones (districts)	Transport communication mainly by cars and trucks within the zones (districts), exits to the main city roads. Intersections with streets and roads are arranged at the same level
pedestrian streets and roads	Pedestrian connection with places of application of labor, institutions and service enterprises, including within public centers, places of recreation and stopping points of public transport
park roads	Transport communication within the territory of parks and forest parks, mainly for the movement of cars
	Access of vehicles to residential and public buildings, institutions, enterprises and other urban development facilities within districts, microdistricts, quarters
bike paths	Travel by bikes or routes free from other types of traffic to recreational facilities, community centers, and in the largest and largest cities, communication within planning areas
Notes: 1. The main streets, as a rule, are distinguished from the transport-pedestrian, pedestrian-transport and pedestrian streets and are the basis of the architectural and planning construction of the city center. 2. Depending on the size and planning structure of cities, traffic volumes, the specified main categories of streets and roads may be supplemented or their incomplete composition may be used. If the estimated time spent on labor movements exceeds those established by these standards, it is allowed, if there are special justifications, to accept the categories of main streets and roads given in this table for groups of cities with a larger population. 3. In the conditions of reconstruction, as well as for streets of district significance, it is allowed to arrange highways or their sections, intended only for the passage of public transport vehicles with the organization of tram-pedestrian, trolleybus-pedestrian or bus-pedestrian traffic. 4. In historical cities, provision should be made for the exclusion or reduction of ground transport through the territory of the historical core of the city center: the arrangement of bypass main streets, streets with limited traffic, pedestrian streets and zones; placement of parking lots mainly along the perimeter of this core.

Table 8*

	Lane width, m	Number of lanes	The smallest radius of curves in the plan, m	The largest longitudinal slope,% about
Main roads:
high-speed traffic
controlled traffic
Main streets:
citywide value:
continuous movement
controlled traffic
regional significance:
transport and pedestrian
pedestrian and transport
Streets and roads of local importance:
streets in residential buildings
streets and roads of research and production,
industrial and municipal warehouse areas
park roads

main
secondary
Pedestrian streets:
main		By calculation			By project
secondary
Bike lanes:
isolated
isolated

* Taking into account the use of one lane for parking of cars.

Notes*: 1. The width of streets and roads is determined by calculation depending on the intensity of traffic and pedestrians, the composition of the elements placed within the transverse profile (carriageways, technical lanes for laying underground utilities, sidewalks, green spaces, etc.), taking into account sanitary - hygiene requirements and civil defense requirements. As a rule, the width of streets and roads in the red lines is taken, m: main roads - 50-75; main streets - 40-80; streets and roads of local importance - 15-25.

2*. In conditions of difficult terrain or reconstruction, as well as in areas with high urban value of the territory, it is allowed to reduce the design speed for high-speed roads and streets of continuous traffic by 10 km/h with a decrease in the radii of curves in the plan and an increase in longitudinal slopes.

3. For the movement of buses and trolleybuses on the main streets and roads in large, large and major cities, an extreme lane 4 m wide should be provided: for the passage of buses during peak hours at a rate of more than 40 units / h, and in conditions of reconstruction - more than 20 unit/h, it is allowed to build a separate carriageway with a width of 8-12 m.

On main roads with predominant traffic of trucks, it is allowed to increase the width of the lane up to 4 m.

4. In climatic subregions 1A, 1B and 1D, the largest longitudinal slopes of the carriageway of main streets and roads should be reduced by 10%. In areas with a winter snowfall of more than 600 m 3 / m, within the carriageway of streets and roads, strips up to 3 m wide should be provided for snow storage.

5. The width of the pedestrian part of the sidewalks and paths does not include the areas necessary for the placement of kiosks, benches, etc.

6. In climatic subregions 1A, 1B and 1D, in areas with a snow load of more than 200 m 3 / m, the width of sidewalks on main streets should be taken at least 3 m.

7. Under the conditions of reconstruction or streets of local importance, as well as with an estimated pedestrian traffic of less than 50 people / hour in both directions, the installation of sidewalks and paths 1 m wide is allowed.

8. When sidewalks are directly adjacent to the walls of buildings, retaining walls or fences, their width should be increased by at least 0.5 m.

9. It is allowed to provide for the phased achievement of the design parameters of the main streets and roads, transport intersections, taking into account the specific size of traffic and pedestrians, with the obligatory reservation of the territory and underground space for prospective construction.

10. In small, medium and large cities, as well as in the conditions of reconstruction and in the organization of one-way traffic, it is allowed to use the parameters of the main streets of district significance for the design of main streets of citywide significance.

Table 9

	Main purpose	Estimated speed, km/h	Lane width, m	Number of lanes	Width of the pedestrian part of the sidewalk, m
village road	Communication of a rural settlement with external roads of the general network
the main street	Connection of residential areas with the community center
Street in a residential area:
main	Communication within residential areas and with the main street in areas with heavy traffic
secondary (lane)	Connection between main residential streets
	The connection of residential buildings located in the depths of the block with the street
Economic passage, cattle drive	Driving of personal livestock and passage of trucks to personal plots

6.25. On the main streets and roads of regulated traffic within the built-up area, pedestrian crossings should be provided at the same level with an interval of 200-300 m.

Pedestrian crossings at different levels, equipped with stairs and ramps, should be provided at intervals:

400-800 m on expressways, light rail lines and railways;

300-400 m on the main streets of continuous traffic.

Notes: 1. It is allowed to arrange pedestrian crossings at different levels on the main streets of regulated traffic with a pedestrian flow through the carriageway of more than 3,000 people per hour.

2. Pedestrian paths (sidewalks, platforms, stairs) at administrative and shopping centers, hotels, theaters, exhibitions and markets should be designed based on the conditions for ensuring the density of pedestrian flows at peak hour no more than 0.3 people / m 2; in pre-factory areas, near sports and entertainment facilities, cinemas, stations - 0.8 people / m 2.

PUBLIC PASSENGER TRANSPORT AND PEDESTRIAN NETWORK

6.26. The type of public passenger transport should be chosen based on the estimated passenger flows and travel distances of passengers. The carrying capacity of various modes of transport, the parameters of devices and structures (platforms, landing sites) are determined at a rolling stock filling rate for an estimated period of 4 people / m 2 of the free floor area of the passenger compartment for ordinary types of land transport and 3 people / m 2 - for high-speed transport .

6.27. Ground public passenger transport lines should be provided on main streets and roads with the organization of the movement of vehicles in the general stream, along a dedicated lane of the carriageway or on a separate canvas.

Notes: 1. In the central regions of large and largest cities, with a limited capacity of the street and road network, it is allowed to provide off-street sections of tram lines in shallow tunnels or on overpasses.

2. In the historical core of the city center, if it is impossible to ensure the standard pedestrian accessibility of public passenger transport stops, it is allowed to set up a local system of specialized modes of transport.

3. Through inter-main territories with an area of more than 100 hectares, in the conditions of reconstruction of more than 50 hectares, it is allowed to lay public passenger transport lines along pedestrian streets or a separate canvas. The intensity of movement of public transport vehicles should not exceed 30 units / h in two directions, and the estimated speed of movement - 40 km / h.

6.28. The density of the network of ground public passenger transport lines in built-up areas must be taken depending on the functional use and intensity of passenger flows, as a rule, within 1.5-2.5 km/km 2.

In the central regions of large and largest cities, the density of this network can be increased to 4.5 km / km 2.

6.29. The distance of pedestrian approaches to the nearest stop of public passenger transport should be taken no more than 500 m; the specified distance should be reduced in climatic subregions 1A, 1B, 1G and IIA to 300 m, and in climatic subregion 1D and IV climatic region to 400 m.

In the city center, the distance of pedestrian approaches to the nearest stop of public passenger transport from objects of mass visiting should be no more than 250 m; in industrial and municipal storage areas - no more than 400 m from the entrance enterprises; in areas of mass recreation and sports - no more than 800 m from the main entrance.

In conditions of difficult terrain, in the absence of special lifting passenger transport, the indicated distances should be reduced by 50 m for every 10 m of relief difference to be overcome.

Note. In areas of individual homestead development, the distance of pedestrian approaches to the nearest public transport stop can be increased in large, large and largest cities up to 600 m, in small and medium-sized cities - up to 800 m.

6.30. The distances between stopping points on public passenger transport lines within the territory of settlements should be taken: for buses, trolleybuses and trams 400-600 m, for express buses and high-speed trams - 800-1200 m, for the subway 1000-2000 m, for electrified railways - 1500 -2000 m.

6.31. In transfer hubs, regardless of the size of the estimated passenger flows, the time of movement for the transfer of passengers should not exceed 3 minutes, excluding the waiting time for transport. Communication elements of transfer hubs, unloading areas in front of metro stations and other objects of mass attendance should be designed based on the conditions for ensuring the estimated traffic density, people / m 2, not more than: 1.0 - for one-way traffic, 0.8 - for oncoming traffic: 0 .5 - when arranging distribution sites at intersections and 0.3 - in the central and final interchange nodes on the lines of high-speed off-street transport.

6.32. Along the shallow underground lines, a technical zone should be provided, as a rule, 40 m wide, in which, until the completion of the construction of the underground, planting trees is not allowed, and the erection of capital buildings, structures and the placement of underground engineering networks are allowed in agreement with the organization designing the underground.

FACILITIES AND DEVICES FOR STORAGE AND SERVICE OF VEHICLES

6.33. In residential areas and adjacent industrial areas, garages and open parking lots should be provided for permanent storage of at least 90% of the estimated number of individual cars, with a walking distance of no more than 800 m, and in areas of reconstruction or with unfavorable hydrogeological conditions - no more than 1500 m.

Open parking lots for temporary storage of cars should be provided for at least 70% of the estimated fleet of individual cars, including, %:

residential areas ................................................................ ....................... 25

industrial and municipal warehouse zones (districts). 25

citywide and specialized centers............................... 5

zones of mass short-term recreation .............................. 15

Notes: 1. It is allowed to provide for seasonal storage of 10-15% of the fleet of cars in garages and open parking lots located outside the residential areas of the settlement.

2. When determining the total need for storage space, other individual vehicles (motorcycles, scooters, motorized carriages, mopeds) should also be taken into account, bringing them to one design type (passenger car) using the following coefficients:

motorcycles and scooters with sidecars. motorized carriages....... 0.5

motorcycles and scooters without sidecars .................................. 0.25

mopeds and bicycles ............................................... ................ 0.1

3. It is allowed to provide open parking lots for temporary and permanent storage of cars within streets and roads bordering residential areas and microdistricts.

6.34. On the territory of residential areas and micro-districts in large, large and largest cities, places for storing cars in underground garages should be provided at the rate of at least 25 car spaces per 1 thousand inhabitants.

Garages for cars, built-in or built-in-attached to residential and public buildings (with the exception of schools, kindergartens and medical institutions with a hospital), must be provided in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 2.08.01-89 and SNiP 2.08.02-89 * .

Box-type garages for permanent storage of cars and other motor vehicles belonging to disabled people should be provided within a walking distance of no more than 200 m from the entrances to residential buildings. The number of places is established by the norms or accepted according to the design assignment.

Note. In areas with unfavorable hydrogeological conditions that limit or exclude the possibility of constructing underground garages, the requirement of the first paragraph of this paragraph should be ensured by the construction of ground or ground-underground structures, followed by backfilling with soil and the use of earthen roofing for sports and utility grounds.

6.35. The distance of pedestrian approaches from parking lots for temporary storage of cars should be taken, m, not more than:

to the entrances to residential buildings .............................................. 100

to the passenger premises of the stations,

entrances to places of large institutions

trade and public catering .......................... 150

to other institutions and enterprises

public services and

administrative buildings................................... 250

to the entrances to parks, exhibitions and stadiums............. 400

The norms for calculating parking lots for cars can be taken in accordance with the recommended Appendix 9.

6.36. The size of land plots of garages and parking lots of cars, depending on their number of storeys, should be taken, m 2 per one parking place:

for garages:

one-story .................................. 30

two-story ................................... 20

three-storey ................................. 14

four-storey ........................ 12

five-story .................................. 10

ground parking ................................... 25

6.37. The shortest distances to the entrances to and exits from garages should be taken: from the intersections of main streets - 50 m, streets of local importance - 20 m, from public passenger transport stops - 30 m,

Entrances to and exits from underground garages of cars must be at least 15 m away from the windows of residential buildings, working premises of public buildings and sections of general education schools, kindergartens and medical institutions.

Ventilation shafts of underground garages must be provided in accordance with the requirements of VSN 01-89.

6.38. Garages of departmental vehicles and special-purpose cars, trucks, taxis and rentals, bus and trolleybus fleets, tram depots, as well as centralized maintenance and seasonal car storage facilities and car rental points should be located in the industrial zones of cities, taking the size of their land plots according to the recommended application 10 .

6.39*. Distances from ground and ground-underground garages, open parking lots intended for permanent and temporary storage of cars, and service stations to residential buildings and public buildings, as well as to school sites, kindergartens and hospitals of a stationary type located on residential areas, should be taken not less than those given in Table. ten*.

Table 10*

	Distance, m
Buildings to which the distance is determined	from garages and open parking lots with the number of cars	from service stations with the number of posts
	10 or less	10 or less
Residential buildings
Including the ends of residential buildings without windows
Public buildings
General education schools and preschool institutions
Medical institutions with a hospital

* Determined by agreement with the bodies of the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Surveillance. "For buildings of garages of III-V degrees of fire resistance, distances should be taken at least 12 m.

Notes*: 1. Distances should be determined from the windows of residential and public buildings and from the boundaries of the land plots of secondary schools, kindergartens and medical institutions with a hospital to the walls of the garage or the boundaries of an open parking lot.

2. Distances from sectional residential buildings to open areas with a capacity of 101-300 cars, located along the longitudinal facades, should be taken at least 50 m.

3. For garages of 1-II degrees of fire resistance indicated in Table. 10* distances may be reduced by 25% in the absence of opening windows in garages, as well as entrances oriented towards residential and public buildings.

4. Garages and open parking lots for storing cars with a capacity of more than 300 parking spaces and service stations with more than 30 posts should be located outside residential areas on the production area at a distance of at least 50 m from residential buildings. Distances are determined in agreement with the bodies of the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Surveillance.

5. For garages with a capacity of more than 10 cars, indicated in Table. 10* distances are allowed to be taken by interpolation.

6. In one-story box-type garages owned by citizens, cellars are allowed.

6.40. Vehicle service stations should be designed at the rate of one post per 200 cars, taking into account the size of their land plots, ha, for stations:

for 10 posts....................... 1.0

" 15 " ............................ 1,5

" 25 " ............................ 2,0

" 40 " ............................ 3,5

6.41. Filling stations (gas stations) should be designed at the rate of one fuel-dispensing column for 1200 cars, taking into account the size of their land plots, ha, for stations:

for 2 columns .......... 0.1

" 5 " ......................... 0,2

" 7 " ......................... 0,3

" 9 " .......................... 0,35

" 11 " .......................... 0,4

6.42. Distances from gas stations with underground tanks for storing liquid fuel to the boundaries of the land plots of preschool institutions, general education schools, boarding schools, medical institutions with a hospital or to the walls of residential and other public buildings and structures should be taken at least 50 m. The specified distance should be determined from fuel dispensers and underground liquid fuel storage tanks.

Distances from gas stations intended for refueling only cars in the amount of not more than 500 cars per day to these facilities may be reduced, but taken at least 25 m.