The composition of the exam. The role of Russian women in the Great Patriotic War - Essays, Abstracts, Reports

Introduction

War is a terrible picture of the struggle of some people against the same people. This is a phenomenon that destroys all human values: love, friendship, peace, kindness. War is cloaked in evil deeds, which manifest themselves in cruelty, indifference, and malice. Killing and wounding are basic concepts in war. For a person, only one thing becomes more important - to survive. So often people act very selfishly. War shows the true face of man. Someone betrays the Motherland at the first opportunity, because they are afraid for their own lives, and someone until the last minutes of his life is fighting for the salvation of the Fatherland. Despite various actions on the part of people, war will never make life the same, it will completely change the worldview of a person who saw with his own eyes what war is.

The topic of war has been of interest to Russian and foreign writers and poets at all times, since, unfortunately, there have always been wars. The authors of the works demonstrated the difficulties of war, its inhumanity and cruelty, as well as how war reveals the characters of people.

L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace"

The theme of war is one of the main ones in L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace". This can be seen even in the title of the work. The war becomes not only the background of the story, but also one of the acting characters. It reveals the images of the characters in the novel: Prince Andrei strives to go to war in order to be involved in events, in order to accomplish a feat and gain glory, Pierre tried to understand himself, wanted to get closer to the Russian people, to be on a par with ordinary soldiers. In the course of the story, the position of Andrei Bolkonsky changes, now they are united with Pierre by the fact that they were driven by patriotic feelings and a desire to help their homeland in the fight against the enemy. However, not only the images of Prince Andrei and Pierre Bezukhov are associated with the war. The theme of the family is closely intertwined with military issues. Ordinary people tried in every possible way to win, so they did everything possible for the Motherland. An example of this is the act of Natasha Rostova, who gave the carts intended for transporting things to the wounded. This act speaks of the unity of the entire Russian people during the war years. This is what made it possible to defeat the enemies. L. N. Tolstoy vividly describes all his favorite characters who are not alike, but they have one thing in common - the spirit of patriotism.

A.T. Tvardovsky "Vasily Terkin"

The war became a character in the poem by A.T. Tvardovsky "Vasily Terkin". The author not only discusses military operations and their impact on a person in lyrical digressions, but also demonstrates how ordinary Russian soldiers participate in the war. The main character Vasily Terkin is a man who sincerely loves his homeland. He does everything to protect her from the enemy. Vasily Terkin is not afraid to give his own life for the sake of the Fatherland, therefore his actions are distinguished by courage, bravery and heroism. Vasily Terkin shoots at an enemy plane, he enters into a duel with a German, takes on the responsibility of leading a whole platoon. Vasily Terkin supports his comrades, cheers them up with the help of jokes and songs. Throughout the story, the author of the poem emphasizes that Vasily Terkin is an “ordinary” person, he is “his own among his own”, which means that all soldiers performed such heroic deeds, and not just Vasily Terkin. This image is the personification of a whole people, which was the main character of "Vasily Terkin". A.T. Tvardovsky shows that thanks to the unity and heroism of the Russian people, the enemy was defeated.

B.L. Vasiliev "The Dawns Here Are Quiet"

The theme of war is also raised in B.L. Vasiliev "The Dawns Here Are Quiet" In the center of the story are the fates of five girls who were destined to go to war. With the help of such a plot, the author managed to show all the cruelty and mercilessness of the war: even young girls who have not even had time to know life have to participate in it. Despite their youth and inexperience, the heroines manage to make a certain contribution to the common cause of fighting the enemy. The actions of the girls can be called truly heroic deeds. Lisa Brichkina dies while carrying out an order: she drowns in a swamp, trying to get help. Sonya Gurvich accepts death when she tries to return the pouch to Commander Vaskov. Galya Chetvertak dies because of fear of war and death. The brave and courageous Zhenya Komelkova dies when she tries to lead the Germans away from her detachment. Rita Osyanina is wounded during a fight with opponents, after which she shoots herself in the temple, not wanting her to be a burden for Vaskov. All the girls gave their own lives in the fight for their Motherland. B.L. Vasiliev shows the cruelty of war and at the same time the courage of young girls. The author raised an important problem: war is indifferent to those who die at its hands: mature men, young girls, old men and old women - everyone has the same chance of life and death. Ordinary Russian girls die at the hands of the Nazis, their lives are cut short once and for all.

M.A. Sholokhov "Quiet Don"

M.A. also wrote about the cruelty of the war. Sholokhov. In the epic novel The Quiet Don, he showed truly terrible pictures that are associated with both death and moral values: the civil war caused relatives and friends to become real enemies to each other. The son stands up against his own father, the brothers are at enmity with each other. M.A. Sholokhov showed how such a war makes people cruel and evil. War is what changed the worldview of people and their usual way of life. Now love, peace in the house, family, friendship have receded into the background, selfishness, indifference and cruelty are above all. The civil war actually destroys all family and moral values, turning people into animals. The author shows that the life of the people who participated in the Civil War will never be the same again. The main character Grigory Melekhov forever remembered his first murder. He understood that the war is meaningless, that the same people are fighting against people. M.A. Sholokhov shows that any war - both civil and against enemy troops - brings pain and suffering to humanity. The author urges never to return to the fratricidal war.

V. Bykov "Sotnikov"

A man at war is the main problem of V. Bykov's story "Sotnikov". In the center of the story are two antipodal characters: Sotnikov and Rybak. War shows their true faces. The fisherman, facing death, is not afraid to betray his homeland in order to save his life. Sotnikov, until the very last minutes of his life, remains true to the Fatherland and true to himself. He is not ready to betray his homeland, therefore he dies, but accepts death boldly and bravely. Sotnikov refuses to give any information, realizing that death is much better than betrayal. This act can be called a real feat. The unhealthy Sotnikov turns out to be stronger than Rybak in moral terms. The fisherman remains to live and remember his immoral act.

EM. Remarque "All Quiet on the Western Front"

Terrible pictures of the war were also reflected in the novel by E.M. Remarque "All Quiet on the Western Front." The focus is on the fate of the representatives of the "lost generation". These are the people whose lives were destroyed by the war. Heroes are able to understand that the war has made them indifferent to their own existence. Now they are cruel - and all because some people wanted war. Heroes became toys in the hands of other people who were in the hands of the war. Ordinary soldiers understand that war is pointless, it cannot bring any benefit to any of them. Callousness and cruelty - that's what the war taught them. Those people who unleashed this merciless war, according to the main character Paul Bäumer, actually send people to their deaths, while they themselves do not take part in the actions. The author of the novel shows the selfishness of the actions of such people. EM. Remarque demonstrates that the authorities who send their own people to death are committing a real crime. War has a negative impact on all participants in the events: someone dies, someone is injured. But the main thing is that the soul itself is wounded. A man will never be the same after what he saw with his own eyes in the war: the death of comrades, explosions and shots overhead.

M. Zusak "The Book Thief"

The theme of war is reflected in M. Zusak's novel "The Book Thief". The action takes place during the reign of the Nazis, as well as during the Second World War. The author boldly talks about how the Nazi Party begins the persecution of the Jews. It is shown how much the family of the main character Liesel was in danger when she decided to hide the Jew Max in the basement. Hans Hubermann was in even greater danger because he refused to join the party. The lives of many people depended on every step and every knock on the door. M. Zusak shows that people had no choice, because everyone wanted to save their lives. The author of the novel demonstrates that violence in any of its manifestations reigns in society. Human life was persecuted, books were burned, it was forbidden to express one's own opinion. In The Book Thief, the essence of fascism was revealed, which influenced the whole world as a whole.

Conclusion

Thus, war is what destroys human destinies. But the main thing is that it destroys the moral values that have been dominant for many centuries. The life of a man who was in the war will never be the same. Indifference and cruelty - that's what war teaches. However, good deeds were still in the war. It is she who shows the true face of a person. Many Russian and foreign writers wrote about the cruelty in the war, about its disastrous beginning. All these works were sent not only to tell the truth, but also to urge humanity not to start wars anymore.

What is the feat of a woman in the war? What role did women play during WWII? It is these questions that the writer S.A. Aleksievich tries to answer in her text.

Revealing the problem of the feat of a woman in the war, the author relies on his own reasoning, life facts. On the one hand, a woman is first and foremost a mother, she gives life. But during the Great Patriotic War, she had to become a soldier. She killed the enemy, protecting her home and children. We are still comprehending the immortality of the feat of the Russian Soviet woman. Explaining the heroic deeds of women, Aleksievich uses a quote from Leo Tolstoy, who wrote about the "hidden warmth of patriotism."

The writer is struck by the fact that yesterday's schoolgirls, students voluntarily went to the front, making a choice between life and death, and this choice turned out to be as simple as breathing for them. With the help of rhetorical questions, the author emphasizes that the people, whose woman, in a difficult hour, dragged her wounded and someone else's wounded soldier from the battlefield, cannot be defeated. S. Aleksievich urges us to revere women sacredly, to bow low to the ground to them.

The author's position is expressed directly: the feat of women in the war lies in the fact that she passionately wanted to give all her strength to save the Motherland. She fought on a par with men: she saved the wounded, taking them out of the battlefield, undermined bridges, went on reconnaissance, and killed a cruel enemy.

Let's turn to literary examples. B.L. Vasiliev's story "The Dawns Here Are Quiet" tells about the feat of five girls - anti-aircraft gunners. Each of them had their own account with the Nazis. The husband of Rita Osyanina, a border guard, died on the very first day of the war. Leaving her little son in the care of her mother, the young woman went to the front to defend her homeland. Relatives of Zhenya Komelkova, as a family of command personnel, were shot, and the girl saw the execution from the basement, where an Estonian woman hid her. Orphanage Jackdaw Chetvertak attributed a year to herself by forging a document in order to go to war. Sonya Gurvich, who went to the front from her student days, and Liza Brichkina, who dreamed of happiness in a remote forest region, became anti-aircraft gunners. Girls die in an unequal duel with sixteen German saboteurs. Each of them could become a mother, but the thread that could connect them with the future was interrupted, this is the unnaturalness and tragedy of war.

Let's take another example. In V. Bykov’s story “His Battalion”, medical instructor Vera Veretennikova is discharged from the army as unfit for military service, as she is expecting a child from her common-law husband, company commander Lieutenant Samokhin, but she refuses to obey the military order, she wants to be close to her beloved. Voloshin's battalion must take a height well fortified by the Germans. Recruits are afraid to go on the attack. Faith drives them out of the swamp and makes them go forward. She had to endure the death of the father of her unborn child, but she herself dies, never becoming a mother.

We came to the conclusion that the feat of women during the war years is immortal. They were ready to give their lives to save the Motherland, participated in battles, saved the wounded.

Updated: 2017-09-24

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Questions posed to humanity by war

Suggested themes-problems

1. "Victory without winners."

2. The internal "safety" of a person in war.

War reveals the possibilities of the human spirit, the true essence of man.

4. "War is a terrible necessity" (L. Tolstoy)

Children and war

The attitude of the state to the victorious soldier

Courage and inconspicuous heroism of soldiers in the war

woman at war

Themes

1. What helps to survive in the war?

2. What role do memories of a peaceful life play for a person in war? (L.N. Tolstoy “War and Peace”. M.A. Sholokhov “The Fate of Man; B. Vasiliev “The Dawns Here Are Quiet…”...)

3. What are the spiritual origins of heroism? What makes a Russian person, in moments of difficult military trials, mobilize all his forces to fight the enemy?

4. Is it possible to separate the truly heroic from the false heroism? (L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace" ...).

5. What is a person in the face of the crushing force of inhuman circumstances and what is he ready to do when he has exhausted his chances to defend his life with honor and it is impossible to prevent death? (About honor and dishonor, about duty and betrayal. The moral choice of a person in war). - (L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace"; V. Bykov "Sotnikov"; V. Rasputin "Live and Remember"; M.A. Sholokhov "Quiet Flows the Don"; "The Fate of Man"; K. Vorobyov "This is us , God!"...)

6. What are the moral consequences of betrayal?

7. Is it possible to forget about your debt in a moment of difficult trials? (V. Zakrutkin "The Mother of Man")

8 Why can't human consciousness accept the very fact of war? (Moral assessment of the fact of war).

9. How do military events and related human tragedies affect the state of mind of people, their ability to feel, to sympathize?

10. What reveals the unnaturalness of everything that happens in the war? (Children and war. - V. Bogomolov "Ivan".

Woman and War - Y. Bondarev "Eternal Femininity"; S. Aleksievich "War does not have a woman's face." Art and war. The beauty of nature and war ...)

11. "How to combine the immutable, uncompromising laws of justice and the unmuffled voice of mercy?" (V. Zakharov) - (L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace"; V. Kondratiev "Sashka" ...)

12. How is the patriotism of creative people manifested during the war years? (L.N. Tolstoy "Sevastopol Stories", A.T. Tvardovsky "Vasily Terkin", K. Simonov. Poems; Musa Jalil "Moabit Notebook" ...)

13. Why should we not forget about the last war? How to keep peace on earth? (R. Rozhdestvensky “Requiem”; “B. Vasiliev “The Dawns Here Are Quiet…”; Y. Daniel “Moscow Speaks”…)

14. A work of fiction about the war: is there room for fiction?

Topics and comments

What is the stamina and courage of a person in war?

Courage and stamina in the war were manifested in the strength of the spirit of people overcoming the fear of death in the name of victory: a medical orderly girl dies helping soldiers in a dugout on the front line, soldiers overcome the fear of death before a tank attack; the living bury the dead without leaving them abandoned on the battlefield, leaving the names of the dead comrades on the tablets.

How does a person's attitude change in a war?

People keenly feel the line between peace and war, during the war years there is a reassessment of values: the pre-war, peaceful way of life is perceived by people as a true value. Pictures of death in the war, the loss of friends, the feeling of constant mortal danger change a person internally, add a feeling of suffering, tension and at the same time strengthen courage, the will to win.

Why can't human consciousness accept the very fact of war?

War is insane, senseless, unnatural by its very nature.
How do military events and the human tragedies associated with them affect the state of mind of people, their ability to feel, to sympathize?

The madness of war can dull a person's best spiritual qualities.
How to preserve the memory of the defenders of the Fatherland who died during the Great Patriotic War?
Obelisks with the names of the dead - the preservation of the memory of military events by people living today; but the main thing is to keep in the soul a feeling of gratitude to those who died tragically while fulfilling their civic and human duty during the war years.
Why did young men grow up faster during the war?
The maturation of a person (a young man) is, first of all, the acquisition of readiness to be responsible for one's actions, to take responsibility not only for oneself, but also for other people.
Is war capable of destroying the reserves of humanity in man? Humanism, compassion, fidelity to the word and oath in the conditions of military trials.

Literary arguments

Vasil Bykov. The Story of the Sotnikov. Winter of 1942... The partisan detachment, burdened with women, children, the wounded, is surrounded. Two are sent on a mission - Sotnikov and Rybak. Rybak is one of the best soldiers in the partisan unit. His practical acumen, the ability to adapt to any circumstances of life are invaluable. Its opposite is Sotnikov. A modest, inconspicuous person, without obvious external signs of a hero, a former teacher. Why, being weak, sick, he went on a responsible task? “Why should they and not I go, what right do I have to refuse?” - so Sotnikov thinks before leaving on a mission. When Sotnikov and Rybak are captured, then their moral qualities are truly shown. Nothing indicated that the strong and healthy Rybak would become a coward and become a traitor. And exhausted by illness, injury, beatings, Sotnikov will stand courageously until the last minute and accept death without weakness and fear. “I am a partisan...” Sotnikov said not very loudly. - Nothing else. Take me alone."
The sources of his courage are high morality, conviction in the rightness of his cause, so he was not ashamed to look into the boy's eyes. “That's all over. Finally, he looked for the frozen stalk of the boy in Budyonovka.
There is no abstract person in V. Bykov's story. In one case, the fear of death destroys everything human in a person, as happened with Rybak; in other cases, in the same circumstances, a person overcomes fear and straightens up to his full moral growth. Sotnikov, and the headman Peter, and the peasant woman Demchikha showed themselves to be such.

The story "Sotnikov" is a story-reasoning about eternal philosophical questions - the price of life and death, cowardice and heroism, fidelity to duty and betrayal - questions that the war posed to the heroes of Vasil Bykov with all the irreconcilability.

What happened to Rybak? He did not overcome the fate of a man who got lost in the war. He sincerely wanted to hang himself. But circumstances interfered, and there was a chance to survive. But how to survive? The police chief believed he had "picked up another traitor." It is unlikely that the chief of police understood what was going on in the soul of this man, confused, but shocked by the example of Sotnikov, who was crystal honest, who fulfilled the duty of a man and a citizen to the end. The chief saw the future of Rybak in serving the invaders. But the writer left him the possibility of a different path: the continuation of the fight against the enemy, the possible recognition of his fall to his comrades and, ultimately, the atonement for guilt.

Rybak agrees to serve as a policeman. He hopes to take advantage of this to run to his own. But Sotnikov was not mistaken, foreseeing that the powerful Nazi machine would destroy Rybak, that the cunning would turn into betrayal. The ending of the story is very tragic: the former partisan, on the orders of the Nazis, executes his former comrade in the detachment. After that, Rybak's life, previously so dear to him, suddenly loses its meaning, turns out to be so unbearable that he thinks about suicide. But he fails to do this, as the policemen took off his belt. Such is "the insidious fate of a man who got lost in the war," the author writes.

The enormous moral strength of Sotnikov lies in the fact that he was able to accept suffering for his people, managed to keep the faith, not to succumb to that vile thought that Rybak succumbed to. "Anyway, now death does not make sense, it will not change anything." This is not so - suffering for the people, for the faith always makes sense for humanity. Feat instills moral strength in other people, preserves faith in them.

The human "can be suppressed, but not destroyed."
I want to remember the work V. Zakrutkina "The Mother of Man”, which describes the events of the Second World War. Having occupied the farm in which Maria lived, the main character of the story, her son Vasyatka and husband Ivan, the Nazis ruined everything, burned the farm, drove people to Germany, and Ivan and Vasyatka were hanged. Only Mary managed to escape. Alone, she had to fight for her life and for the life of her unborn child. Feeling a burning hatred for the Nazis, Maria, having met a wounded young German, rushes at him with a pitchfork, wanting to avenge her son and husband. But the German, a defenseless boy, shouted: “Mom! Mum!" And the heart of a Russian woman trembled.

Maria is a strong person; in labor she finds the meaning of her existence. The woman single-handedly harvested the abandoned fields, saved the collective farm cattle. All this is for the living, in the name of life. And so he kneels down before Mary and kisses with gratitude her small, overworked hand the warrior - the commander of the cavalry regiment.
There are no such dark, evil forces that could break the people's will, the people's soul, defeat the good principles in a person, kill life.

Leafing through the pages of the story, empathizing with Mary, sharing the fear of Werner Bracht, we understand that war is a terrible catastrophe that brings death. But even during a war, a person can overcome the desire to take revenge and help an unarmed, suffering person who no longer poses a real threat.

The book tells about a woman, Maria, who was able to escape from the farm before it was burned, and all the inhabitants were driven to Germany. Runs away after her son and husband are hanged in front of her. Runs away to save another life that she bears under her heart. For several days she lives somewhere near the farm, hiding in corn leaves, and then comes to her burnt house and settles in the cellar. During those months that she lives in the cellar and waits for the arrival of our army, she becomes the mother of everything living and ... dead. She buries the girl Sanya, who was shot by the enemies, tries to get out a young, seriously wounded 17-year-old German soldier and buries her, unable to save. And then she buries again, but this time our young political officer... And she saves the lives of pets, who fled in fear when the farm burned, and then came to her as the only person. Saves the lives of seven children who have nailed to the collective farm fields after wandering and wandering. And then gives life to the very little man for whom she tried to survive.

The problem of growing up in the war has been raised more than once in the works of Russian writers. For example, in the story of V.O. Bogomolov "Ivan" the main character, a twelve-year-old scout boy, whose peers in peacetime only play "toy soldiers", has already been awarded the medal "For Courage". He fearlessly fought against fascism, carried out the most dangerous tasks behind enemy lines. For the fight against the invaders, this child was mercilessly shot by the Germans.

L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace"

L. Tolstoy believes that it is very difficult to tell the truth about the war. His innovation is connected not only with the fact that he showed a man in the war, but mainly with the fact that, having debunked the false one, he was the first to discover the true heroics of war, presented the war as an everyday affair and at the same time as a test of all the mental strength of a person at the moment of their highest voltage. And it inevitably happened that the carriers of true heroism were simple, modest people, such as Captain Tushin and Timokhin, generals Dokhturov and Konovnitsyn, forgotten by history, who never spoke about his exploits Kutuzov. They influence the outcome of historical events.

V.L.Kondratiev "Sasha"

Sashka will not shoot a German he has accidentally taken prisoner (“this bastard”), he will not fulfill the reckless order of the battalion commander, who is in a terrible state of rage after the death of nurse Katenka. And Kondratiev will write amazing words: “Sasha sighed deeply, with a full chest ... and thought if he remains alive, then out of everything he experienced in the front, this case will be the most memorable, the most unforgettable for him ... ". The German not killed by him is the strength of the soul fighting such a mighty evil. And Kondratiev convinces us that we won not because we were stronger, but because we were higher. Spiritual, purer.

Sasha evokes sympathy, respect for himself with kindness, compassion. Humanity. The war did not depersonalize, did not discolor Sasha's character. He is inquisitive and inquisitive. Every event has its own point of view. Sashka is not comfortable with almost unlimited power over a person, he realized how terrible this power over life and death can become. We appreciate in Sasha a great sense of responsibility for everything. Even for things he couldn't answer for. It is a shame before the German for useless defense. For the guys who were not buried: he tried to lead the German so that he would not see our dead and not yet buried soldiers, and when they did stumble upon them, Sasha was ashamed, as if he were guilty of something.

M.A. Sholokhov "Don stories"

M.A. Sholokhov was one of the few writers who not only understood, but also did not keep silent about the main result of the civil war in Russia: there were no winners in the irreconcilable fratricidal war imposed on people: everyone was defeated.

Mutual cruelty and hatred leads to mutual tragedy. The most expressive illustration of this idea is the story "Mole". The Civil War brings face to face the eighteen-year-old Nikolai Koshevoy, the commander of the Red squadron, and his father, who "disappeared in the German war", later the chieftain of one of the gangs. Interestingly, the author describes not only the tragedy of the son, who was not recognized by his own father and killed by him, but also reflects on the tragedy of the ataman, whose life finale is the suicide over the corpse of his son, accidentally recognized by him by a mole.

Tragic is the way out of hostility to the world for both the vanquished and the victors.

The inhumanity and senselessness of war

How did the civil war affect the fate of people? An acute class struggle demarcated not only the Don, the village, the farm, but also the Cossack families. Father and son find themselves on opposite sides of the barricade. Thus, the conflict between reds and whites is increasingly giving way to another, more important conflict - between the centuries-old norms of human life and the inhumanity of fratricidal war. The civil war for M. Sholokhov is a catastrophe in which human ties are destroyed. There are no right and wrong here, which means there can be no winners.

Problem	Example
1. The problem of war.	in the story M.A. Sholokhov "The Fate of Man""This problem is revealed in the image of Andrei Sokolov, who was a builder, a man of a peaceful profession. In the war, he becomes one of the fighters, part of the army. The war crosses out the life of the hero, as well as the life of the whole country. At the first moment, it dissolves in the total mass. And Sokolov later recalls this temporary retreat from the human with the most acute pain. The war for the hero, the whole path of humiliation, trials, camps is a struggle between a man and an inhuman machine that ruined millions of innocent lives.
2. The problem of patriotism	In M. Sholokhov's story "The Fate of a Man", ideas were developed about the great hatred of peaceful Soviet people for the war, for the Nazis "for everything that they caused to the Motherland", and at the same time - about the great love for the Motherland, for the people, which kept in the hearts of soldiers. The author shows the beauty of the soul and the strength of the character of a Russian person. M. Lukonin's words are accurate that Russian soldiers are ready to return from the war "better with an empty sleeve than with an empty soul."
3. The problem of morality	War for the hero of the story M.A. Sholokhov's "The Fate of a Man" by Andrei Sokolov is not only an inhuman machine that destroys all life, against which you must fight for your life, but also a test of human dignity. In the camp, for the first time, he kills a man, not a German, but a Russian, with the words: “But what is he like his own?”. This is the test of the loss of "one's own". An attempt to escape is unsuccessful, since it is impossible to get out of power in this way. The scene in the curfew, when he did not drink for the victory of Germany, but said what he thought, proves that a hero is a person for whom the highest good in this situation is death. This act commands respect even from the enemy - the sadistic commandant. And the strength of the human spirit wins! The hero is alive.
4. The problem of honor and dignity of the Russian soldier	The hero of the story, M.A., had to go through many trials that he endures. Sholokhov "The Fate of Man" to Andrei Sokolov. Without betraying a Russian soldier in the commandant's honor, he does not lose dignity in front of his comrades. "How are we going to share grub?" - asks my bunk neighbor, and his voice trembles. "Equally for everyone," I tell him. Waited for dawn. Bread and lard were cut with a harsh thread. Everyone got a piece of bread the size of a matchbox, each crumb was taken into account, but bacon, you know, just anoint your lips. However, they shared it without resentment." Such moral behavior during the difficult years of trials is worthy of respect.
5. The problem of fortitude.	The strength of the spirit helps Andrey Sokolov, the hero of M. Sholokhov's story, to preserve his human dignity. First the orphanage, then the war. After the flight, Sokolov does not end up in the camp, but in the rifle unit. And here is another test - the news of the death of his wife Irina and daughters. And on the ninth of May, Victory Day, Sokolov loses his son. The biggest thing fate gives him is to see his dead son before burying him in a foreign land. How much strength is needed to squeeze this nagging pain into a ball! But the hero does it and continues to live!
6. The problem of mercy	The problem of mercy is also raised by M. Sholokhov in the story “The Fate of a Man”. In the very first post-war year, Andrei Sokolov returns to a peaceful profession and accidentally meets a little boy, Vanya. The hero has a goal, a person appears for whom it is worth living. Sokolov says: “At night, you stroke his sleepy one, you smell the hairs in the whirlwinds, and the heart departs, it becomes easier, otherwise it has turned to stone with grief ...” Yes, Vanya also reaches out to Sokolov, finds a father in him. The war could not destroy the human in man, did not break him.

Text essay:

Fedor Alexandrovich Abramov (1920 - 1983) - Russian writer, literary critic, publicist; one of the most prominent representatives of "village prose". In his article, the author describes the problem of determining the role of Russian women in the Great Patriotic War.
This topic is relevant today, as this year marks the 70th anniversary of the victory of Russian soldiers in the war with Germany.
Fyodor Alexandrovich writes, “the Russian woman, with her superhuman work, opened the second front in the forty-first year, the front that she had been waiting for.”
The writer says, “These women have endless selflessness, a sharpened Russian conscience and a sense of duty…”
The publicist tells, “But how, by what measure to measure the feat of the same Russian woman in the post-war period, in those days when she, often herself hungry, undressed and undressed, fed and clothed the country, with true patience and resignation of a Russian peasant woman carried her heavy cross of the widow - soldier, mother of sons who died in the war.
The author believes that during the years of the last war, a Russian woman accomplished a great feat. She "opened a second front", endured all the hardships, the pain of losses on her shoulders; during the long war years fed and clothed the country.
I agree with Fedor Alexandrovich Abramov. Indeed, the role of women during the war was great.
First, let's remember B. Vasiliev's work "The Dawns Here Are Quiet". In this work there were many bright female images. But, in my opinion, Zhenya Komelkova was the brightest and most striking. The strength and masculinity of this girl, her optimism and self-confidence makes every reader admire her. Zhenya Komelkova played a scene to deceive the German saboteurs and force them to go around the river. The girl died a heroic death, causing enemy fire on herself in the last minutes of her life in order to save the wounded Rita and Vaskov. Even when the first bullet hit her side, she was simply surprised.
Secondly, there were many people in my family who had to go to war. My grandmother was a translator in the war. She helped many with her work. She did everything she could. But an accident at headquarters killed a young 26-year-old girl.
Thus, I want to conclude. The images of Russian women capture the best features of the national character, the soul of our people, masculinity, love for work, for the native land and for all living things.

Text by Fedor Alexandrovich Abramov:

(1) The old village with its thousand-year history goes into oblivion today. (2) And this means that centuries-old foundations are collapsing, that centuries-old soil on which our entire national culture grew up disappears: its ethics and aesthetics, its folklore and literature, its miracle language. (3) The village is our origins, our roots. (4) The village is the material womb, where our national character originated and develops.
(5) And today, when the old village is living its last days, we peer with new, special, sharpened attention at the type of person that was created by it, peer at our mothers and fathers, grandfathers and grandmothers.
(6) Oh, a little kind words fell to their lot! (7) But it is on them, on the shoulders of these nameless workers and warriors, that the building of our entire life today stands firmly!
(8) Recall, for example, only one feat of a Russian woman in the last war. (9) After all, it was she, the Russian woman, who opened the second front with her superhuman work back in the forty-first year, the front that the Soviet Army was waiting for. (10) But how, by what measure to measure the feat of the same Russian woman in the post-war period, in those days when she, often herself hungry, undressed and undressed, fed and clothed the country, with true patience and resignation of a Russian peasant woman, carried her heavy cross of a widow - soldiers, mothers of sons who died in the war!
(11) So why is it surprising that the old peasant woman in our literature for a while pushed aside, and sometimes even overshadowed other characters? (12) Let us recall “Matrenin Dvor” by A. Solzhenitsyn, “The last term of V. Rasputin, the heroines of V. Shukshin, A. Astafiev and V. Belov. (13) No, this is not an idealization of village life and not a longing for the outgoing hack Russia, as some critics and writers broadcast with thoughtless ease and arrogance, but our filial, albeit belated gratitude.
(14) This is the desire to comprehend and retain the spiritual experience of the older generation, that moral potential, those moral forces that did not let Russia fall into the abyss during the years of the most difficult trials.
(15) Yes, these heroines are dark and illiterate, yes, naive and too trusting, but what spiritual placers, what spiritual light! 16) Infinite selflessness, a heightened Russian conscience and sense of duty, the ability to self-restraint and compassion, love for work, for the earth and for all living things - yes, you can’t list everything.
(17) Unfortunately, a modern young person, brought up in other, more favorable conditions, does not always inherit these vital qualities. (18) And one of the main tasks of modern literature is to warn young people from the danger of mental hardening, to help them learn and enrich the spiritual baggage accumulated by previous generations.
(19) Recently, we have been talking a lot about the preservation of the natural environment, monuments of material culture. (20) Isn't it time to raise the question of the preservation and protection of the enduring values of spiritual culture accumulated by centuries of folk experience with the same energy and pressure ...

Everyone is used to the fact that the memory of the war and the idea of it are masculine. After all, it was mostly men who fought. Woman and war are incompatible concepts. This is what the author is thinking about. How to explain that many years have passed since we won, and writers again and again turn to the military theme? Apparently, there is some kind of social, moral need that makes us return to this one. When the Great Patriotic War came, in which the fate of peoples was decided, many women took up rifles and put on soldier's overcoats. The charm of femininity, insecurity, purity and fearlessness with an unusual sharpness to a lump in the throat - reveals all the unfair, unbearable, blind cruelty of war.

In his story, V. Erashov describes the battle day of a young woman - Katya, from whom the war took away her youth, family, dreams of a happy life .... “She had nothing to lose in battle, in fact, except her own life.” Katya fulfilled her combat mission, for which she was awarded an order and became not a mother, not a wife, not a homemaker, but a tank commander.

I agree with the position of the author. In my opinion, the author most accurately reflected the opinion of each of us on this problem: it is not a woman's lot - to kill. The feat of women is captured in works of fiction. Is it possible to read B. Vasiliev's story "The Dawns Here Are Quiet" without excitement? With tears in our eyes, we learn about the girls who have not yet lived, who have not known life, who fought against well-trained fascist thugs. When the first of the girls, Sonya, dies, the main character says: “I read poetry, and most importantly, I could give birth to children, and they would have grandchildren and great-grandchildren, and the thread would not have broken. And they are on this thread with a knife ... ”Were they afraid to die? Of course it's scary. But they understood: it is impossible to miss the enemy, behind them - the people, the country ...

The poem by Yu.V. Drunina: “Tanks are burning in no man's land. I managed to survive until dark ... I beg: "Summer footcloths And hand over linen for bandages." I wash them in some kind of puddle, I rub them with anger on the stones, Because I understand that I need it All this will be in the morning for me.

War is not for women. The original purpose of a woman is the continuation of the human race, the preservation of the hearth, the upbringing of children. We must remember that wars, even small ones, are always great for a woman, because a woman rejects death, she is called to love and continue Life.