Agreement in Russian. Three in sentences
CONSOLIDATION
CONSOLIDATION
APPROVAL, agreements, pl. no, cf.
2. One of the expressions of the grammatical dependence of words in speech, consisting in the fact that the dependent word is put in the same case, number, gender or person as the word on which it depends (gram.), For example. my son, my son, my daughter, things are going, things are going.
Explanatory Dictionary of Ushakov. D.N. Ushakov. 1935-1940.
Synonyms:
See what "CONSOLIDATION" is in other dictionaries:
Interaction, coordination, regulation, reconciliation, adjustment, selection, linkage; conformity, self-consistency, linking, coordinating, coordinating, harmonizing, shaking, docking, coordinating, corresponding, linking. Ant… … Synonym dictionary
AGREEMENT, I, cf. 1. see agree, sya. 2. In grammar: a subordinating relationship, when a grammatically dependent word is likened to a grammatically dominant word in gender, number and case. Complete with. Incomplete with. Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov. WITH … Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov
Achieving a preliminary agreement, a general agreement between a group of interested and responsible persons regarding the issuance of a document of a certain content, a protocol, an agreement, a common decision, a common transaction, ... ... Economic dictionary
Coordination- CONSOLIDATION. A form of a phrase in which an adjective or conjugated verb is in form applied to a noun. In Russian, the following types of S. are distinguished: 1. S. of an adjective in an attributive (see) form with ... ... Dictionary of literary terms
CONSOLIDATION- 1) reaching a preliminary agreement, a general agreement between a group of interested responsible persons regarding the issuance of a document of a certain content, a protocol, an agreement, a common decision, a common transaction, ... ... Legal Encyclopedia
CONSOLIDATION- creation in electrical circuits of conditions under which the maximum transfer of energy from the source to the load is ensured, for example. connection to a long electrical circuit of a resistor with such resistance that it does not occur at the place of its connection ... ... Great Polytechnic Encyclopedia
Agreement is one of the three main types of subordinating syntactic connection (along with control and adjacency). It consists in likening the dependent component to the dominant one in the grammatical categories of the same name (in the genus, ... ... Wikipedia
A type of subordinating relationship in which the dependent word is likened to the dominant word in the expression of grammatical meanings. New area, new apartment, new houses. Agreement is incomplete. An agreement in which not all are used ... ... Dictionary of linguistic terms
Coordination- 4. Coordination Official agreement with the conduct of tests under this program within its competence Source ... Dictionary-reference book of terms of normative and technical documentation
Coordination- Agreement subordinating link (see. Subordination) of the components of the phrase, in which grammes or part of the grammes of the dominant word are repeated in the dependent word. When the dominant word changes, the dependent word also changes. In languages... Linguistic Encyclopedic Dictionary
Books
- Coordination of tenses in English. Study Guide, Tatiana Oliva Morales. This tutorial discusses in detail the coordination of tenses in English using examples and exercises for translating from Russian into English to consolidate the received ... electronic book
- Coordination and control in Russian, E. S. Skoblikova. This book examines the differences in the theoretical interpretation of control and agreement as ways of syntactic organization of words in the composition of a phrase and a sentence. ...
5. Coordination as a type of subordination. Types of agreement: complete and incomplete.
Agreement is a kind of subordinating relationship in which the dependent word is likened in its form to the dominant word, for example: important issue, main street, new houses. The main word in agreement is a noun (or a word in its meaning), a dependent adjective, a participle, as well as a numeral and a pronoun, similar in form to an adjective: a green oak, a verdant oak in the distance, an oak third from the road, this oak. Sometimes the dependent word in agreement can be a noun: hero city, teenage girl, giant cliff.
A dependent word can agree in number, gender and case, or in number and case, or only in case.
When negotiating, a change in the main word causes a corresponding change in the dependent word: green oak - green oak - green oak etc.
Agreement is expressed using the ending of the dependent word.
The agreement differs complete and incomplete .
At complete in agreement, the subordinate word takes all forms of the subordinate word, as far as the grammatical categories of both words allow, for example: dark night(agreement in gender, case and number); last minutes(agreement in case and number); marks are set(consent in number).
At incomplete agreement, not all the possibilities of agreement have been exhausted, for example: I see him ready to go(coordination of the adjective ready with its pronoun in gender and number, but not in the case; cf. the outdated construction I see him ready to leave - with full agreement). With incomplete agreement, the assimilation of the dependent word to the main one does not occur in all the categories of the same name that they have: for example, in combination with cardinal numbers ( two large tables, two large books) adjective big agrees with nouns only in case, not agreeing in number, and the numeral two agrees with nouns in gender but not in case
6. Management as a kind of subordination. Strong and weak control, nominal adjunction.
Management is a kind of subordinating relationship in which the dependent word is put in a certain case form (without a preposition or with a preposition) due to the lexical and grammatical meaning of the dominant word, for example: read a letter, be interested in art, love for the motherland. Different types of control are distinguished depending on the morphological nature of the dominant word, the presence or absence of a preposition in front of the dependent word, the nature of the connection between both words.
Management is substantive ( book reading), adjective ( capable of music), verbal ( write with a pen), adverb ( answered better than me).
There is a difference between direct control, or non-prepositional ( see the picture), and mediocre or prepositional ( look at the picture).
Management is called strong if there is a necessary connection between the dominant and dependent words, expressed in the fact that the dominant word needs to be distributed in a certain case form, for example: test the machine, break the silence, full of vigor.
At weak the connection between the two words is optional, it is not determined by the lexical and grammatical features of the dominant word as a necessary connection, for example: the sun has set behind the forest, I often walk in the evenings.
Nominal adjunction- this is such a connection of words in which an indirect case of a name without a preposition or with a preposition is attached to a verb, noun, adjective or adverb, and at the same time, proper or adverbial-characterizing or complementary relations arise. Thus, the difference between nominal adjacency and weak control is that with nominal adjacency, it is not the objective meaning of the adjoining name that prevails, but the attributive (in the broad sense of the word) meaning of the case form itself or the entire prepositional case group that appears in this case as a potential adverb or potential "adjective form".
The meanings of word forms that enter into the relationship of nominal adjunction lie in the field of not only grammatical, but also lexical semantics and cannot be described in detail in syntax. In the syntactic description, these meanings should be as generalized as possible. As a result of such a generalization, for word forms that enter into the relationship of nominal adjunction, the following range of characterizing meanings can be outlined: 1) self-characterizing; 2) circumstantial characterizing: the meaning is temporary (temporal); spatial or local (including both the direct meaning and the transfers arising on its basis, the meaning of origin, origin, relatedness, etc.); quantitative (measures); conditional; causal (stimulus, reason, grounds); target (including purpose, purpose); retribution; compatibility.
Nominal adjacency is a weak link. This connection turns out to be strong only with words that, according to their semantics, necessarily require a dependent word form that makes up for their informative insufficiency: to be, to be, to be, etc. In these cases, complex relationships arise.
One of the grammatical connections in Russian is agreement. Examples of such a connection are very common in speech. Along with control and adjacency, coordination is part of its three main varieties.
Between what parts of speech is an agreement established?
Nouns or other parts of speech acting as a noun (pronouns, participles, adjectives, substantiated words) are combined with full participles, ordinal and collective numbers, adjectives, pronouns (relative, possessive, demonstrative, attributive, negative and indefinite) and nouns - by the agreed applications by the “matching” communication. Examples: a singing artist, some excitement.
What is consent?
Often the main and dependent words in a sentence are in the same gender, number and case. This relationship is called "consistency". Examples of exceptions are also found here. Such is the application when the dependent word may not be combined in gender (to the mother-doctor). if at least some grammes are repeated both in the dependent and in the main word, then this is an agreement.
Sentence examples
1. The laughing girl's eyes were cunningly screwed up.
- Were who? for a girl - a feminine noun, singular, in the genitive case, singular.
- At the girl which? laughing - feminine participle, singular, in the genitive case, singular.
2. The baby had bracelets on both hands.
- Were on what? on the handles - a feminine noun, plural, in the genitive case.
- On handles how many? both - the collective numeral feminine, plural, in the genitive case.
3. What joy shone her face!
- shone how? joy - a feminine noun, singular, in the instrumental case.
- Joy which? which is a feminine relative pronoun, singular, in the instrumental case.
In speech, agreement is very common. Examples of phrases: a laughing girl (full participle with a noun), on both handles (collective numeral with a noun), what joy with a noun), on the ninth floor (ordinal number with a noun), she is mine (personal pronoun with a possessive pronoun), not waiting for them (personal pronoun with full participle).
Features of combinations of cardinal numbers with nouns
This is a rather interesting case. After all, they can act as the main word, if they stand in the nominative or accusative cases - there is a connection “management”. And in indirect cases they become dependent words, agreeing with the noun in gender, number and case. Thus, with the help of the same phrase, two types of communication can be demonstrated - “coordination”, “management”. Examples:
1. Seven hours later, Tatyana reached the place where the picnic was organized.
- Seven (main word in the nominative case) what? hours (genitive case) - management.
2. Seven hours later, Tatyana reached the place where the picnic was organized.
- How? hours (the main word is plural in the instrumental case) how many? family (quantitative numeral in the plural in the instrumental case) - agreement.
The difference in the agreement of participles, adjectives and substantiated nouns
Considering the agreement with the examples, some especially attentive people notice some peculiarities. Not expressed by spelling, however, they play a role in parsing. Help to understand these differences, where the connection is traced agreement, examples:
1. The student on duty, neat and fit, reported on the readiness of the group for classes.
- Student on duty - agreement, where the main word is "student", and the dependent word - "on duty" - is an adjective.
2. The attendant, neat and smart, reported on the readiness of the group for classes.
- "On duty" in this case acts as a substantiated noun, having the form of an adjective, is the main word. Its dependent words are "preppy" and "tight", which are consistent with it.
Three in sentences
The combination of words in Russian is subject to special rules. You should know that there are three main connections in phrases: Their examples in Russian speech are used quite widely. It is thanks to them that words are combined into sentences. They will help to consider and analyze all three - control, coordination, adjoining - examples taken from one sentence: "A fluffy kitten with a striped tail played merrily with an orange ball."
Control
This type of grammatical connection implies the presence of a main word that controls the dependent. Often the main role is played by the verb, which requires a certain case form from the noun. In this example, from the verb "played" to the word "ball" you can ask the question "what?". This question requires putting the dependent noun in the instrumental case. Therefore, these words are related to management. Even if you replace the noun "ball" with another, for example, "butterfly" or "ball", it will also be in the instrumental case. The role of dependent words can also be numerals (both), pronouns (them), substantiated words (homeless). The main words can also be a variety of parts of speech. For example: verbs, nouns (fingers what? hands), participles (running why? by waves), cardinal numbers in the nominative or accusative case (two whom? person), adverbs (joyfully from what? from thought), adjectives (funny from what? from understanding).
adjoining
This type of connection is not based on the grammatical meaning of the dependent word, but only on the lexical one. Adjacent to the main thing are adverbs, infinitives, gerunds, invariable adjectives or standing in a simple comparative form, inconsistent applications (nouns). The example about the kitten also uses the adjunction in the phrase "played fun" (played as? funny).
Coordination. Puns and jokes
There is also an agreement connection in this proposal. Examples: fluffy kitten, with a striped tail, orange ball. Here you can see the complete agreement of the main and dependent words in gender, number and case. However, there are cases of incomplete agreement. This occurs when a connection is observed between nouns, where the dependent is an application and is expressed by a noun of a different kind. For example, the spouse-director, the sister-administrator and the like. Interesting cases when there is a play on words. The pun is based on the fact that the form of the masculine noun in and in the genitive is the same in pronunciation and spelling. Therefore, it is quite easy to turn agreement into management, which changes the whole meaning of what was said.
- He could not help but love his doctor wife.
The nouns "spouse" and "doctor" in this text are connected by agreement, and both are in the accusative case.
- He could not help but love the doctor's wife.
In this context, only the word "wife" is in the accusative case. Asking the question "spouse whom? doctor" it can be established that the dependent is in the genitive case, which the main word requires. Therefore, communication is called control. By spelling, all words are the same, only in the second case there is no hyphen, which changes not only the grammatical categories of the dependent word, but also the very meaning of what was said.
The Russian language is very interesting and multifaceted. The subtle nuances of using word connections should be carefully studied and understood so as not to get into a stupid situation.
Most of the draft documents must be agreed upon. Approval of a draft document can be internal (it is also called approval) and external (that is, an examination of the solution in other organizations). External approval is carried out after the approval and is carried out only in cases where the draft document affects the interests of other organizations. With this type of approval, on the last sheet of the draft document, under the requisite “signature” closer to the bottom field of the document, the requisite “document approval stamp” is drawn up, the requirements for which are given in clause 3.23. GOST R 6.30-2003.
The approval stamp consists of the word AGREED, the title of the position of the person with whom the document is agreed (including the name of the organization), personal signature, its transcript and date. If the content of the document affects the interests of several organizations, then the approval stamps can be placed on a separate approval sheet. At the same time, on the main document, in the place provided for the location of the approval stamps, the mark “Agreement sheet is attached” is made.
With internal approval or endorsement, the draft document is analyzed by authorized officials within the organization in order to assess the feasibility of issuing a document of the proposed content, the stated deadlines for the implementation of the decision and the compliance of the draft text with current legislation and local regulations.
The official draws up the result of internal coordination with a visa, which expresses his agreement or disagreement with the content of the draft document. If there are fundamental comments, the approver must indicate them and attach them to the draft document.
Internal coordination is carried out from the lowest level of competence to the highest. That is, the first visa in most cases is put by the responsible developer (executor) of the project, the next person who approves will be his immediate supervisor. Then the project is agreed by the heads of departments whose interests are affected by this project (including the draft document, if necessary, agreed by the head of the document management service (DOE service), the head of the legal service). If the document is signed by the head of the organization, then the last person who agrees, as a rule, is his deputy, who is in charge of the issues raised in the project.
In the legal acts regulating office work and adopted at the national level, work with projects, including the approval process, is practically not described. Some information on the coordination of certain types of documents is contained in the Guidelines for the development of instructions for office work in the federal executive authorities, approved. by order of the Federal Archive of December 23, 2009 No. 76:
Ensuring the high-quality preparation of draft orders (orders) on the main activities of the federal executive body and their coordination with interested parties is entrusted to the heads of departments that prepare and submit the project ...
Draft orders (instructions) and annexes to them are endorsed by the executor and the head of the department that introduced the project, the heads of the departments to which instructions are given in the project, as well as the head of the Records and Legal Service. Objections to the draft order (instruction) that arise upon approval are set out in the certificate that is attached to the draft.
If fundamental changes are made to the draft order during the approval process, then it is subject to re-issuance and re-approval.
Draft orders (orders) submitted to the head for signature are endorsed by the deputy heads in accordance with the distribution of duties.
Due to the fact that the technology of working with draft documents is not strictly regulated in legal acts and is not described in detail in textbooks on office work, it may vary in different organizations. The rules for working with draft documents in a particular organization should be fixed in the office work instructions or other local regulatory act. So, for example, in terms of internal coordination, it is recommended to include the following provisions in the office work instructions:
- mandatory instances of approval of draft documents of certain types;
- the sequence of their approval;
- terms of approval of draft documents by officials of the organization;
- areas of responsibility of coordinating persons;
- rules for issuing a visa approval;
- method of transferring the draft document to the coordinating persons;
- actions of the developer in the event of comments on the draft document;
- a form of control over compliance with the established approval procedure.
Read more about outgoing documents by this link.
Methods for internal approval of a draft document
Currently, the approval of a draft document in an organization can be carried out in a traditional or electronic way.
The traditional way harmonization implies the transfer of a draft document in paper form. That is, the approvers study the draft on paper and put approval visas directly on the draft document or on a separate approval sheet. The rules for issuing the requisite "document approval visa" are contained in clause 3.24. GOST R 6.30-2003, according to which, in the absence of comments, the approval visa must include the position of the approver and his signature, the transcript of the signature (initials, surname) and the date of approval. For example:
Nikolaev A.V. Nikolaev
22.09.2011
If the official has comments on the draft document, then he sets them out on a separate sheet, signs and attaches to the draft. In addition, in this case, a note on the presence of comments or objections is also made in the approval visa:
Comments attached
Head of Legal Department
Nikolaev A.V. Nikolaev
22.09.2011
Head of financial and economic department
V.I. does not agree. Semenov
Semenov 22.09.2011
In accordance with clause 3.24 of GOST R 6.30-2003:
For a document whose original remains with the organization, visas are affixed at the bottom of the reverse side of the last page of the original document.
For a document whose original is sent from an organization, visas are affixed at the bottom of the front side of a copy of the document being sent.
For example, on letters, visas are issued at the bottom of the front side of the copy (copy) left in the author's organization, and on orders - on the back of the last sheet.
In addition, GOST R 6.30-2003 allows, at the discretion of the organization, sheet-by-sheet approval of the draft document and its annexes, and also speaks of the possibility of issuing visas on a separate approval sheet. There are no strict requirements for the approval sheet and the organization can independently develop its form.
How the draft document will be transferred from one approver to another with the traditional method of approval is also determined by the organization. Usually, the transfer of the draft document to the sponsoring persons is carried out directly by its developer, less often this responsibility is assigned to the DOW service. However, any of these methods takes a lot of time. And because of this, the approval, as a rule, stretches for a long period and far exceeds the time required for authorized officials to analyze the scope of the project.
In addition, when submitting a draft document on paper for approval, a sequential route of the project is usually used. This means that at the same time only one of the approving parties can have a draft document.
In practice, there are often cases when a draft document at one of the approval stages must be coordinated by managers of the same level and the sequence of their approval does not matter. That is, in this situation, the use of a sequential route will also increase the time required to agree on a draft document.
The traditional method of approval has a number of other disadvantages, which can be eliminated by switching to the approval of draft documents in electronic form.
Electronic method of approval implies that the project is coordinated electronically using computers and special software. Most often, electronic coordination is carried out in the EDMS.
In case of electronic approval in the EDMS, the developer (executor) of the draft document must fill out a special electronic card of the draft document, indicating in it the basic data of the project. The draft document itself is usually attached to this card as a file or several files. Also, the route of the project must be specified in the electronic card, i.e. the sequence of its approval by officials. The route of movement can be indicated directly by the project developer (this option is advisable to use when the composition of the approvers depends on the subject of the project) or it can be automatically determined by the EDMS (this option is convenient for those types of draft documents that have a constant composition of approvers). At the same time, many EDMS allow you to use one of three types of routes when coordinating draft documents:
- consistent;
- parallel;
- parallel-serial.
When choosing the last type of route, the approvers are divided into several groups: within one group, coordination is carried out in parallel, and between different groups - sequentially.
That is, first the draft document is received for approval by the participants of the first group at the same time, they can agree on the project in any sequence. Participants of the second group will simultaneously receive a draft document for approval after all participants of the first group submit their visas.
The SED also allows you to set the time during which each of the coordinators must deliver their visa. The time of entry of the visa into the system is automatically fixed. Accordingly, based on these data, it is possible to identify which approvers constantly delay the approval process and evaluate the amount of work with the projects of each of the approval participants.
Note that in the EDMS all participants in the coordination work with a single electronic card. In other words, after filling in and saving the electronic card in accordance with the specified route, it becomes available to the approvers, who promptly learn about it thanks to a special notification system and receive a set of rights necessary for project approval.
So, for example, the approving person can study the project (previous versions of the project), enter their visas into the electronic card, and, if necessary, comments. As a result, all data on working with the project is automatically collected in a single registration card. Accordingly, if the document is signed on paper, and not in electronic form, after approval from the system, you can print the approved project and the approval sheet, certify them and submit them for signing to the head.
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