Compound nominal predicate examples from fiction. Ways of expressing the main part of a compound nominal predicate

Simple predicate

Simple verb predicate

A simple verbal predicate is a predicate expressed by one verb in any mood:

Wind sways grass.
The sun fled behind the cloud.
I I'll go in the forest.
He would go in town.
You to me write mail right away!
In the shadows for a long time heard whisper.

Compound predicate

The compound predicate is verbal and nominal. It consists of two parts: a copula and a verbal or nominal part.

Compound verb predicate

A compound verb predicate consists of a connective part and an indefinite form of the verb. Answers questions what does it do? what to do? what have you been doing? The linking part can be:

phase verb (start, continue, become, quit);
modal word (wants, ready, forced, maybe not able).

He wants to enroll in the Institute.
I long could not with them meet.
You gotta learn.
I was unable to think about it.

Compound nominal predicate

A compound nominal predicate is a predicate that consists of a nominal part and a linking verb.

The most commonly used is the linking verb. be, are less commonly used, but other linking verbs are possible.

A link in a sentence can be omitted.

When parsing, the predicate is indicated by two horizontal lines.

The nominal part of the compound predicate is expressed in different ways:

adjective: weather was good;
noun: book - faithful friend;
comparative degree of the adjective: it has a character harder become;
a short turn of the passive participle: grass bevelled;
short adjective : evening quiet;
adverb: error was there;
numeral: twice two - four;
pronoun: this notebook my;
syntactically complete phrase: he sat in a puddle;
idiom: he was the talk of the town.

Also in the example:

the weather was good;

Weather - what did you do?- was - which?- good.

Notes

Literature

Russian language. Textbook for grade 8 educational institutions. S. G. Barkhudarov, S. E. Kryuchkov, L. Yu. Maksimov, L. A. Cheshko et al. 28th ed. - M .: Education - JSC "Moscow Textbooks", 2005-2008 p.: ill. - ISBN 5-09-013740-4

Links

Arutyunova N. D. Predicate // Linguistic Encyclopedic Dictionary, M., 1990
Website about the Russian language - predicate (Russian)

Wikimedia Foundation. 2010 .

Synonyms:

See what "Predicate" is in other dictionaries:

predicate, predicate, cf. 1. One of the two main members of the sentence, which contains a statement, making the expression of thought complete (gram.). Simple predicate. Compound predicate. In the sentence the factory works, the word works is a predicate. 2… Explanatory Dictionary of Ushakov

Predicate, word. Ant. subject, subject Dictionary of Russian synonyms. predicate adj. predicate Dictionary of Russian synonyms. Context 5.0 Informatics. 2012 ... Synonym dictionary

- (predicate) one of the main members of the sentence. In a two-part sentence, the predicate correlates with the subject and expresses its actions, properties, states ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

PREDICIAL, wow, cf. In grammar: the main member of the sentence, denoting the attribute of the subject, named in the subject, and together with the subject forming the grammatical basis of a simple sentence. | adj. predicative, oh, oh. Dictionary… … Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov

Predicate- PREDICATE or predicate. The term S. is used in different meanings: 1. psychological S. or S. (predicate) of the judgment is what is thought about the subject of the judgment or about the so-called. psychological subject (see Subject), i.e. the representation that ... Dictionary of literary terms

The main member of a two-part sentence, grammatically dependent on the subject, denoting an active or passive sign of the subject that is expressed by the subject. Simple verbal predicate. Compound verb predicate. Nominal compound… Dictionary of linguistic terms

Predicate- The predicate is one of the two main members of the sentence, in which the message is expressed; correlates with the subject and is connected with it by a predicative relation (see Predicate, Sentence). The dominant element (usually a verb) of the composition of the predicate (predicate ... Linguistic Encyclopedic Dictionary

The main member of the sentence, meaning an event. It is expressed by a verb (a simple verbal predicate), as well as a noun, an adjective, an adverb (a compound nominal predicate); cf .: He is yearning / He is in anguish / The year was successful. Compound verb ... ... Literary Encyclopedia

Wow; cf. Lingu. One of the two main members of a sentence, denoting the action or state of the subject expressed by the subject. Subject and s. Simple, complex with. Verb s. ◁ Predicative, oh, oh. With th value. With th use of the word. ... ... encyclopedic Dictionary

predicate- The main member of a two-part sentence, correlative with the subject, grammatically subordinate to it. The formal dependence of the predicate on the subject is manifested in the predicative connection: So the moon has risen. The ideal means of expressing the predicate is ... ... Dictionary of linguistic terms T.V. Foal

Books

A set of tables. Russian language. Grammar. 22 tables, . Educational album of 22 sheets. Art. 5-8682-022. Connection of words in a phrase. Types of simple sentences. Punctuation marks in sentences with homogeneous members. A dash between subject and...

In Russian syntax, it is customary to distinguish three types (or types) of predicates: simple verb, compound verb, compound nominal. In this article, we will talk about the latter.

What does a compound nominal predicate consist of?

A compound nominal predicate is a predicate that includes a nominal part. But this is not its only part, because it is not by chance that it is called composite.

Although we call this predicate nominal, it does not always include those parts of speech that are called names (noun, adjective and numeral).

The nominal part expresses the main meaning of the predicate, but cannot convey important grammatical features: time, attitude to reality. Therefore, the second part is also present in the proposal. This is a linking verb that is in the correct form.

linking verb

Usually, the linking verb “to be” is used, which does not add any additional meaning to the sentence, but only makes a grammatical connection and expresses the grammatical features of the predicate: tense, mood.

In the present tense, the linking verb "to be" is omitted, but this does not mean that it does not exist. You just need to talk about the zero link.

Less often in sentences there are "semi-links": become, become, appear, etc.

Nominal part

The nominal part of the predicate can be expressed by almost anything: any part of speech, except for the gerund and the verb in a personal or impersonal form, as well as a phraseological unit and a syntactically indivisible combination. In this case, it does not convey the verbal meaning (action or state), but characterizes the subject in some very important aspect. In this case, the predicate answers questions "What it is?

”, “What?”, “What is reported about the subject?”

Here are examples of a nominal predicate with different ways of expressing the nominal part:

The cat is a pet.

Life is Beautiful !

Yegor became an agronomist.

The die is cast!

Porridge was licking your fingers.

How to distinguish the linking verb "to be" from the independent predicate "to be"?

The verb "to be" also has its own meaning, which scientists call "existential": it says that something is in reality. for example, "Oli had a scooter". This sentence states that Olya actually had a scooter. Here the verb "to be" is a simple verbal predicate.

It is actually not difficult to distinguish a knitting verb from an independent predicate. The linking verb in the present tense disappears, but the predicate, of course, remains. That is, it is enough to put the proposal at the present time, and everything becomes clear.

Consider our example.

Olya had a scooter. - Olya has a scooter.

Compare with a sentence in which the verb "to be" performs the function of a linking verb.

The scooter was red. - The scooter is red.

The link is zero. Before us is a compound verb predicate.

Which sentences contain a compound nominal predicate?

Compound nominal predicates are found in any two-part sentences, including those complicated by homogeneous or isolated members: The house has been restored. The house has been restored and is up for sale.(complicated by homogeneous predicates). House by the river restored(complicated by a separate definition).

It consists of a nominal part and a linking verb. The linking verb may not be materially expressed. It may be zero. Summer is rainy.

There are 3 types of verb connectives

1) the verb-bundle "to be", standing in any tense and mood. This bundle in its pure form is devoid of its lexical meaning. It can only indicate the grammatical meaning of mood, tense, person, gender, or pure.

I was here = was. The summer was rainy.

2) semi-significant verbal connectives, their lexical meaning is weakened by verbs with a phase meaning, with a modal meaning, as well as a semi-significant meaning: to be considered, to appear, to be called, to seem, etc.. The child appears to be sick.

3) fully significant verbs. Usually verbs of motion or state. Katya returned from a joyful walk.

Linking verb function in SIS:

1) express modality and syntactic tense

2) Connect the predicate with the subject

3) Semi-significant and full-significant connectives are involved in the formation of the lexical meaning of the predicate.

1) adjective in full or short form in positive, comparative or superlative degree.

He was sick.(s.p.) He seems sick. (Semi-significant copula + instrumental)

2) a noun, most often in the nominative case, but can be in instrumental and other case forms. My brother is a teacher. Brother is a teacher.

3) the nominal part of speech can be expressed by the participle. Most often, passive past participles are used in the marginal form. The picture is written.

4) the nominal part can be expressed as a numeral. Two times two is four.

5) can be expressed as an indivisible phrase. The boy was ten years old.

6) pronouns of various categories. What is the date today? Petrov is the one who came yesterday.

7) an adverb with the meaning of a qualitative characteristic of an object. The windows were wide open.

Compound Predicate

It consists of three or more components, they are built according to certain schemes.

Two-part sentences have

1) short adjective + (linking verb) + infinitive. He was supposed to arrive yesterday.

2) short adjective + (linking verb) + verb "to be" + name/participle.

The answer had to be correct.

3) verb + "to be" + noun/adjective.

He dreamed of being a pilot.

4) verb + infinitive (with modal/phase semantics) + infinitive.

He wanted to keep learning.

Types of compound predicates in a one-part sentence.

1) KS + (verb-link) + infinitive. It was good to have a rest in the summer.

2) KS + (linking verb) + be + adjective. For this you need to be very careful.

The secondary members of the sentence do not express the relationship of predicativity.

Definition. Communication type - agreement. Definitions are divided into agreed and inconsistent. Agreed definitions are associated with the main word by the connection of agreement and are expressed in Russian by adjectives, participles, pronouns-adjectives and ordinal numbers. Inconsistent definitions are associated with the main word through control or adjunction. The method of control links definitions that are expressed by prepositional-case or case forms of nouns.

Father's house. Inconsistent definition, as Expressed noun in the genus. case.

Polka-dot dress. Inconsistent definition, expressed by him. noun in v.p.

There are also definitions expressed by the infinitive, adverb and comparative.

House opposite. Definition expressed by an adverb, adjunction, inconsistent. adverb.

Inconsistent definitions, as a rule, are syncretic and are in the zone of transition.

House by the road. Circumstance and addendum.

An atypical definition in Russian is an application.

Appendix- structural-semantic version of the definition.

Application features:

1) expressed by a noun.

2) defines the subject, i.e. gives it a different name.

Sister Valeria. Valeria is the main word, sister is the application.

3) can stand before and after the word being defined.

4) is associated with a noun with a special type of connection - the parallelism of forms.

Since the connection between the noun being defined and the application is not formally expressed, the problem of distinguishing arises - where is the main word, and where is the application.

The semantics of words is of great importance in the distinction.

1) if there is a generic and specific concept, then the application will be the word that names the specific concept.

Cranberry.

2) if one of the words is literary, and the other is dialectal or slang, then the application is a word with a narrower scope of use.

Sheep snipe. Snipe-literary-main.

3) if one of the words specifies, clarifies or narrows another concept, then it will be an application.

Road engineer. Road builder is narrower in semantics, therefore it is an application.

4) if one of the words has a qualitative-evaluative value, then it will be an application.

Handsome deer. Handsome app.

5) if one of the words is an animate proper noun, and the other is a common noun, then the common noun will be an application.

Artist Kramskoy. Kramskoy - the main thing.

6) if a proper name is inanimate and next to it is a common noun, then the application will already be a proper name.

Moscow city. The city is the main thing.

7) the application is a word indicating a profession, nationality, kinship, age, etc.

Old surgeon.

8) a separate member of the proposal will always be an application.

The surviving brother, Ivan, was making something.

Addition - a grammatically dependent minor member of a sentence that denotes a grammatically dependent subject and, as a rule, is expressed by a noun or a noun pronoun.

The addition is associated with the main word by the type of connection control, usually comes after the word being defined and denotes the object on which the action is directed.

Additions are divided into direct and indirect. Direct and indirect objects are distinguished in the same way as direct and indirect object values.

Object value can be combined with

Book reading. R.p. indirect addition.

The smell of dried grass rose from the ground. Walked from the ground. From what? Addition is indirect. Where? From the earth. Circumstance value.

In fact, the object can be expressed by any part of speech, including the infinitive. If the addition is expressed by the infinitive, then this is an adjunction.

Forests teach to understand nature. What do they teach? Understand.

Circumstance- a grammatically dependent minor member of a sentence that denotes various signs of an action or the degree of manifestation of a sign. It is expressed, as a rule, by an adverb or a proposed case form of a noun.

According to the method of communication, this is adjoining or weak control. More often it is in postposition in relation to the word on which it depends, but it can also be in preposition. Most often it depends on the verb, less often - on a qualitative adjective, adverb or category of state.

Types of circumstances:

1) mode of action. Denote a characteristic or way of performing an action. Answer the questions: how? how? how? The drums thumped hurriedly. Depends on the verb.

2) measures and degrees. Denote a quantitative characteristic of an action or feature. Answer the questions: To what extent? in what degree? how many? The room is very quiet. Quiet to what extent?

3) places. Indicates the place of action, direction or path of movement. Answers the questions: where? where? where? We lived in the forest. Running in the forest is good for health.

4) time . Indicates the duration of the action and its duration. Answers the questions: when? how long? since when? How long? I leave tomorrow.

5) causes. Identifies the reason for the action. Answer the questions: why? for what reason? Because of the rain, everyone stayed at home. Prepositional case form of a noun, control. Syncretic.

6) goals. Describe the purpose of the action. They answer the question: why? for what purpose? Went to fish.

7) Conditions. Denote the conditions under which an action or state is possible. Answers the question: under what conditions? If desired, this is easy to do. Often combined with a circumstance of time or with an objective meaning. I will go there only with you.

8) Concessions. Indicates a condition against which an action or state is possible. Answers the questions: no matter what? contrary to what? Despite the rain, the competition took place. Derivative suggestion.

One-part sentences

Only one main member of the sentence and it expresses the CG of the sentence (modality, syntactic tense, predicativity). One-part sentences are structurally complete sentences,

Classification of one-part sentences.

According to the morphological expression of the main member, all one-part sentences are divided into verbal and nominal. Among the verbs, there are: 1) definitely personal 2) indefinitely personal 3) generalized personal 4) impersonal 5) infinitive

Among nominal sentences stand out: 1) nominative 2) genetive 3) vocative

verb sentences.

Personal one-part sentences. In them, the main member indicates the active producer of the action. At the same time, the producer of the action is not named in order to focus attention on the action itself.

I love the storm in early May.

The main member of the sentence performs three functions:

1) points to the subject.

2) expresses the modal-temporal plan.

3) expresses lexical meaning.

Depending on the nature of the subject, personal sentences are divided into definitely personal, indefinitely personal and generalized. The definite subject is expressed in the first or second person form of the verb. The indefinite subject is expressed in the form of the 3rd person plural.

There is a knock on the door.

Definite subject - 1st and 2nd person

Indefinite subject - 3 person plural, just plural

AT vaguely personal sentences, the subject can be thought of as definite if the subject of the action is not known, or it can be thought of as indefinite even if the subject is known.

AT generalized personal sentences, the subject can

generalized personal sentences are distinguished on the basis of the semantics of the subject, and in form they coincide with definitely or indefinitely personal sentences.

Tears of sorrow will not help. They don't wave their fists after a fight.

non-personal one-part sentences: impersonal and infinitive.

Impersonal offer - a one-part sentence, the main member of which expresses an action or state that exists independently of the activity and will of the subject. The subject can be named, but cannot be in the nominative form. I'm cold. It's getting light.

Impersonal offers.

impersonal proposals- This is the most common type of one-part sentences. These sentences are the most diverse, both in structure and semantics. The main member of an impersonal sentence can have a different expression:

1) verbal form coinciding with the 3rd person singular or cf.

Howls in the pipe.

3) a short passive participle of the neuter gender. The room is smoky.

4) the word "no" in combination with the genitive case of a noun can act as a predicate. I have no time.

5) modal or phase verb in impersonal form + dependent infinitive. I wanted to sleep. It began to get dark.

Infinitive sentences- this is a special structural-semantic type of one-part sentences in which the main member of the sentence is expressed by an independent infinitive. Do not overtake you crazy three. Modality in such sentences is expressed by the very form of the infinitive and intonation and is differentiated with the help of particles. They express the meanings of obligation, necessity, impossibility, inevitability. Be rain. Infinitive meanings with a particle would have the meaning of desirability and caution. Wouldn't be late! Swim would!

Similar information.

Compound nominal predicate (grade 8), along with the subject, is one of the main members of the sentence. As you know, there are three types of predicates: simple verbal predicate, compound verbal predicate, compound nominal predicate. A simple verb is expressed by one full-valued word or a related phrase. The compound verb predicate has two parts: the infinitive and the verb. What is a compound nominal predicate? To begin with, we note that it is studied in the 8th grade, it consists of two parts: a bundle and a nominal part.

Compound nominal predicate (8th grade)

A link in a compound nominal predicate

Bundle expresses modality and category of time. Most often, the following verbs can act as a link:

The verb to be in all categories of tense. Do not forget that this verb in the present tense turns into a zero connective;
verbs become, appear, become, etc.;
verbs with a categorical meaning of an action or process: arrive, return, stand, leave, reach, swim, fly away, come, etc .;

Katerina is excited and energized by the unforeseen circumstances that have arisen on her way home. I'll be the first just for the sake of being better than you. If you become a good boy, I might take you to the circus with me.
It was getting cold outside, so we returned to the house. You turned out to be a two-faced person, because you wanted to quarrel everyone. It becomes fun from those memories of bygone days.
Leave this doctor healthy. My husband will arrive tomorrow by plane via Moscow on a direct flight.

Types of ligaments

The compound nominal predicate has several types of connections, which are markedly different from each other:

In past and future tenses, the verb to be expressed clearly. Same context: she was a doctor with a lot of experience but little ambition and she will be a doctor with a lot of experience but little ambition. Compound nominal predicates with an abstract connective to be are highlighted in the sentences.

A few words about the form of the subjunctive mood, when using it, the particle would be added to the abstract connective to be. Suggestion: she would be a doctor with a lot of experience but little ambition.

Ligament semi-abstract, is represented by the verbs to appear, seem, turn out, appear, become, etc. The peculiarity of semi-significant connectives is that they carry not only a grammatical component, but also help in expressing the meaning of the nominal part of the predicate. Suggestion: she turned out to be a doctor with a lot of experience, but little ambition.
Ligament significant, expressed in words of action, movement, any process. For example, we include such verbs as sit, lie down, hear, think, read, walk, breathe, run, swim, wash, undress, speak, etc. These connectives express specific lexical and grammatical meanings. Suggestions: Geese in the yard walked important, as if the owners of the whole farmstead. He served as an ensign on the border for many years.

The nominal part of the compound nominal predicate

In the role of the nominal part are:

Summer days are getting shorter. Today you look better than yesterday. I'll be later, you don't have to wait for me for dinner. (adjective in comparative degree).
She is the decoration of this evening (noun in the instrumental form).
Aunt Masha seemed very sad to me. This summer has been unusually cold. The flowers you gave for the holiday were very beautiful. (adjective in a positive degree).
This child is sometimes completely unbearable. The man living on the floor above is extraordinarily rich. Honey collected from your apiary is so sweet. (abbreviated adjective).
All the mistakes made while writing the dictation were mine (possessive pronoun).
I suddenly became afraid. It was rather strange (adverb).

Sentences with a compound nominal predicate

Thus, the compound nominal predicate is studied in grade 8, along with other types of predicate: simple verb and compound verb. Its feature is the presence of two parts: ligament and nominal part. The problem of modern school education lies in the fact that sometimes students do not have time to fully understand the essence of the types of predicates in the classroom, as a result, it is impossible to find and determine one of the main members of the sentence. You can deal with this problem in different ways, for example, work with a tutor or watch accessible and simple video tutorials on the Internet.

Among the predicates in the Russian language, three types (or types) are usually distinguished. These are simple verbal, compound verbal and compound nominal predicates. In this article, we will talk about the latter.

Features of the compound nominal predicate

As the name implies, this predicate is compound, that is, it consists of several parts. One of them performs predominantly or even exclusively a grammatical role, while the second expresses the main meaning of the predicate. It is easy to guess that it is usually expressed by some nominal part of speech, that is, one in the name of which there is the word "name": a noun, an adjective, a numeral. However, everything is not so simple.

Ways of expressing the grammatical part

The grammatical part of the compound nominal predicate is the linking verb "to be". Some other verbs, “semi-links” can play the same role: seem, become, etc.

The verb "to be" is in the required grammatical form. for example, is he will be cheerful, is he was cheerful. It is not customary to write in the present tense in Russian "he is cheerful". Zero binding is used. In the Romano-Germanic languages, the link is preserved. Compare: He is cheerful. – He is merry

The verb "to be" can be not only a link, but also an independent simple verb predicate (for example, I will soon have a bicycle.). It is not difficult to distinguish them, it is enough to put the sentence in the present tense, because the link "to be" is not used in the present tense, while in the position of the predicate the verb, of course, is preserved. Compare:

Ways of expressing the nominal part

The nominal part of the predicate can be expressed by different parts of speech, and by no means only by names. The table below shows examples of compound nominal predicates expressed in different ways.

*Way of expressing the nominal part*	*Example*
Noun	Moscow is capital of Russia.
Adjective	He is cheerful. He oars.
Numeral	My favorite number is seven.
Participle	He was appointed headman.
Pronoun	The topic was different.
	The dress fits her.
Infinitive	My dream is to see the sea.
Phraseologism	He's not fish, not meat.
Syntactically indivisible combinations	young man was tall.

Syntactically indivisible combinations are one long predicate, since not a single word can be torn off from them without loss of meaning. Let's say, in our last example, it is impossible to say that "the young man was tall" - this makes no sense.

Please note that the same word in different sentences can perform different functions. For example, the word "cheerful" in our example, the predicate, and in the sentence “We liked the funny clown." - definition.