List of military educational institutions of the Russian empire. Schools and training units

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Military academies

military schools

Cadet corps

Schools and training units

Ensign schools

During the WWI years, in addition to the transfer of military and special schools to an accelerated course of study (3-4 months for infantry and 6 months for cavalry, artillery and engineering troops) with the production of those who graduated from the course to the rank of ensign, the following ensign training schools were additionally opened:

• 1st Petrograd ensign school (temporary)
• 2nd Petrograd ensign school (temporary)
• 3rd Petrograd ensign school (temporary)
• 4th Petrograd School of Ensigns (temporary)

• / / , from the summer of 1915 the 4th Tiflis School of Ensigns

• Petrograd (Ust-Izhora) school of ensigns of engineering troops

Story

In Russia, the beginning of specialized military educational institutions (HEIs) was laid by Peter the Great, who in 1698 founded in Moscow the “School of Numbers and Surveying”, the Pushkar Order, then in 1701 the “School of Mathematical and Navigational Sciences” to prepare young people for service in artillery, engineers and in the navy. In 1712, an "engineering school" for 100-150 pupils was opened there. In 1719, two schools were established in St. Petersburg: an artillery school and an engineering school, and then the Moscow engineering school was closed. Garrison schools were also established by the Decree of 1721. In 1732, at the suggestion of Minikh, an “Officer School” was opened in St. Petersburg, which, when the naval cadet corps was established in 1743, was renamed the “land cadet corps”; in 1766, the size of this corps was expanded to 800 pupils and it was given the name "Imperial Corps", and in 1800 it was named the 1st Cadet Corps. The artillery and engineering schools, united in 1758 and transformed in 1762, were also renamed the artillery and engineering cadet corps, and in 1800 - the 2nd cadet corps. Even before his accession to the throne, Emperor Paul I founded a military school in Gatchina in 1795, which was transformed three years later into the Imperial Military Orphanage, and in 1829 into the Pavlovsk Cadet Corps (in St. Petersburg). In 1802, the page corps was reorganized into a military educational institution. In 1807, a corps of volunteers was founded, first from one battalion, and then from two, later called the “noble regiment”. In 1812, the Finnish topographic corps was established in the area of ​​Gapaniemi (Kuopios province), transferred in 1819 to the city of Friedrichsgam with the transformation into the Finnish cadet corps. In 1819, the engineering school founded in 1804 was renamed the Main Engineering School, as it became a higher engineering educational institution as a result of the addition of officer classes in 1810, and an artillery school was founded in 1820. In 1823, a school of guards ensigns was established under the guards corps, consisting of one company, and in 1826 a squadron of junkers of the guards cavalry was formed with it. In addition, cadet corps gradually arose in different provinces, arranged at the expense of the treasury or the local nobility, as well as donations from individuals (Arakcheev, Bakhtin, Neplyuev), so that in 1855, in addition to the eight military educational institutions mentioned above, there were 11 more cadet corps of the 1st class and 5 corps of the 2nd class. The first were divided into 3 courses: preparatory, general and special; the latter had only junior classes, and their pupils were transferred to the corps of the 1st class to complete their education. In 1855, there were up to 6,700 pupils in all these institutions, and the average annual graduation of officers was about 520 people. After the Eastern War of 1853-1866. it was recognized as necessary to reorganize military educational institutions in order to raise general educational requirements and place senior pupils in conditions as close as possible to military life, so that when they graduate as officers, they would be fully prepared for all the requirements of the service. To do this, special classes were separated from the general ones with education from the first military schools with a purely military organization, and from the second - military gymnasiums, general education. Then, in view of the fact that military educational institutions were not able to provide the army with all the number of officers it needed, cadet schools were also established, and military pro-gymnasiums were established to prepare for admission to them. In addition, special schools of the military department are arranged (see Pyrotechnic School, Technical School, Weapons School, Topographers, Paramedics and Veterinary Paramedics). In order to unite all orders for military educational institutions and establish a uniform direction in them, already in 1805 a special council was established under the chairmanship of Tsarevich Konstantin Pavlovich. After his death (1831), Grand Duke Mikhail Pavlovich was appointed chief of the page and cadet corps. In 1842, the “Regulations on the management of the chief head of V.-educational institutions” were published. In 1849, the heir Tsarevich Alexander Nikolaevich, the future Tsar Alexander II, was appointed chief commander. During his accession, the main department was turned into the main headquarters of H. I. V. for V. educational institutions, and the chief of staff was given the rights of the chief head of these institutions. In 1860, the title of chief head of V. educational institutions was restored, and until 1863 it was occupied by Grand Duke Mikhail Nikolaevich. In 1863, the main directorate of the Military Educational Institutions was incorporated into the Ministry of War.

By the end of 1881, a plan for new transformations had been worked out. It was decided, among other things: 1) to restore the name of military gymnasiums as cadet corps, since it more accurately defines their direct purpose; 2) preserving the general educational curriculum and the general foundations of education established in these institutions, equalizing them in the means of maintenance and giving the entire structure of their internal life a character that would more fully meet the goal of establishing preparatory military educational institutions; 3) henceforth to replace the positions of educators exclusively by military officers; and 4) leaving as before the division of pupils into groups according to age and class, assign the names of companies to these groups with the establishment of the position of company commanders again. Military progymnasiums are supposed to be abolished, retaining only two of them (renamed "military schools") for the actual upbringing and elementary education of minors who are removed from the buildings due to incapacity or moral depravity.

In 1892, Russian military educational institutions were divided into: 1) those under the jurisdiction of a special main department and 2) subordinate to other departments. The 1st group includes: a) the page of His Imperial Military and the Finnish cadet corps with general and military school courses; b) military schools, infantry: 1) Pavlovsky, 2) Konstantinovsky, 8) Alexander and cavalry Nikolaevsky (under which a special Cossack hundred was formed in 1890), c) cadet corps 1st, 2nd, Alexandrovsky, Nikolaevsky ( in St. Petersburg), 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th Moscow, Orlovsky Bakhtin, Petrovsky Poltava, Vladimir, Kyiv, Mikhailovsky and Voronezh, Polotsk, Pskov, Nizhny Novgorod Count Arakcheev, Simbirsk, Orenburg Neplyuevsky , 2nd Orenburg, Siberian, Tiflis, Sumy and Don; d) two military schools, in Yaroslavl and Volsk.

The 2nd group included: a) 4th military academies and 1st military medical academy (see Military academies); also schools: Mikhailovsky artillery and Nikolaev engineering, which are under the jurisdiction of the relevant main departments of the military ministry; b) cadet schools: 8 infantry - in St. Petersburg, Moscow, Vilna, Kyiv, Kazan, Chuguev, Odessa, Tiflis, and 2 cavalry - in Tver and Elisavetgrad; 1st for foot and horse junkers - in Irkutsk and 3rd Cossack - in Novocherkassk, Stavropol and Orenburg. These schools are under the jurisdiction of the main headquarters, and the Cossack schools are under the control of the Main Directorate of the Cossack troops; but in terms of education, all cadet schools are subordinate to the Main Directorate of Military Educational Institutions; c) the military topographic school - under the jurisdiction of the General Staff; d) special schools of the artillery department: technical, pyrotechnic and 2 weapons (Tula and Izhevsk) - run by the Main Artillery Directorate; e) artillery schools: Don (Novocherkassk) and Kuban (Maikop) - run by the main department of the Cossack troops; f) military paramedic schools in St. Petersburg, Moscow, Kyiv, Novocherkassk and Irkutsk and 8 paramedic schools at the Orenburg, Omsk and Tiflis military hospitals, as well as schools for veterinary paramedics at military veterinary infirmaries run by the main medical department; g) 17 schools for soldiers' children of the guard troops (with 8 infantry and 6 cavalry regiments and 3 rifle battalions) - run by the guards. Finally, in 1888, 2 preparatory schools were established in Irkutsk and Khabarovsk, from where the pupils, upon successful completion of the course, are transferred to the Siberian Cadet Corps. These schools are subordinate to the local commanders of the troops.

During the First World War of 1914-1918, numerous schools for accelerated training and retraining of officers and military specialists were organized.

The professional training of officers in Russia in special educational institutions began with the creation of the regular army, but initially it concerned only special branches of the military. Educational institutions for the training of combined arms officers appeared only at the end of the first third of the 18th century. The very same system of military educational institutions took shape at the beginning of the 19th century.

Military educational institutions associated with the training of officers can be divided into three groups: 1) directly training officers (graduating their pupils as officers or with rights to an officer's rank; 2) preparing for admission to institutions of the first group; 3) engaged in advanced training and retraining of persons who already have officer ranks. Until the 60s. 19th century educational institutions of the first two groups were a single entity in the form of cadet corps, and only then the functional difference between the three types of educational institutions was firmly established.

In the 19th century, the system of military educational institutions was constantly expanding. Two main periods of its development can be distinguished - before the reforms of the 60s. and after them, when there was a fundamental division of military educational institutions into preparatory and military-special ones proper, directly graduating officers. Prior to this, the cadet corps, accepting pupils at an early age, released them as officers. In the first half of the 19th century, cadet corps, the Military Orphanage, the Corps of Pages, the School of Guards ensigns and cavalry cadets, the Noble Regiment, cadet schools, some general civilian educational institutions and special military schools (artillery, engineering, topographic, legal) graduated from the officers. The navy had its own training system for officers.

In the 30-40s. the network of cadet corps has expanded significantly. A number of new cadet corps were opened with donations from noble provincial societies and individuals. It should be noted that in addition to the military, the cadet corps also had a charitable significance, giving the opportunity to receive education and maintenance for the children of poor and deceased officers and nobles. Since the number of those wishing to enter the cadet corps was constantly increasing, over time, admission began to be determined by the service merit of the parents. But mostly they accepted orphans and the poor, and there were 26 categories for the rights to state education, in accordance with which the order of admission was determined.

According to the rules that existed since 1830, after the exam, the educational committee assigned each graduate to one or another branch of the military. The best were sent to the guards, the best - second lieutenants in the army or were promoted to warrant officers of the artillery and engineering troops with secondment to the relevant schools, as well as to the General Staff for admission to the academy in two years. Others were issued ensigns in the army. .

In the mid 50s. a number of changes were made in the rules for admission and release from the corps. In 1857, two-year special classes were opened in all cadet corps, they began to release pupils directly to the service, and the best ones were transferred to the third grade of the Konstantinovsky cadet corps. Nobles with secondary and higher education, not nobles with higher education, could now act as external students in special classes of cadet corps. Active service was counted from the age of 16, and they had the same graduation rights as the cadets. All persons with higher education had to complete only one third special class at the Konstantinovsky Cadet Corps. .

As a result of the reforms of the 60-70s. 19th century military educational institutions of the Russian Empire were subdivided into the following types: 1) General secondary educational institutions - seven-year military gymnasiums and four-year pro-gymnasiums; 2) Secondary special military and cadet schools; 3) Higher - military academies.

By 1881, there were 18 military gymnasiums and 8 military pro-gymnasiums with a course corresponding to the course of district schools. .

On May 30, 1882, the Minister of War submitted a most humble report on the system of general education and special military education in military educational institutions. The report stated: “The elapsed years after the reform of military educational institutions make it possible at the present time to express definitely: a) whether it is necessary to maintain the two types of military educational institutions that currently exist in the military department; b) have the goals set during the transformation of military educational institutions been fully achieved? . In the summer of 1882, all military gymnasiums were transformed into cadet corps.

As for military schools, by the beginning of 1881 there were three infantry schools - Pavlovsky, Konstantinovsky and Alexandrovsky, one cavalry - Nikolaev, Mikhailovsky - artillery and Nikolaev engineering. . In addition, officers from the special classes of the St. Petersburg and Finnish cadet corps.

The course of military schools in terms of the subjects studied was divided into: 1) general education (God's law, Russian language. Foreign languages, mathematics, chemistry, statistics, law) and 2) special (tactics, artillery, fortification, military topography, military administration). Thus, for two years, 15 subjects were studied in infantry schools, and 16 subjects in cavalry schools. However, politically, the future officer was completely illiterate and he did not receive any knowledge in this regard. One of the leaders of the white movement A.I. Denikin in his memoirs on this occasion wrote: “Neither the school program, nor the teachers, nor the authorities set out to expand the horizons of the pupils, to answer their spiritual needs. Russian life was seething then, but all the so-called "damned questions", all politics - a concept that summed up the entire field of state science and social knowledge - passed us by. .

By 1881 there were four higher military educational institutions: the Nikolaev Academy of the General Staff, the Nikolaev Engineering Academy, the Mikhailovskaya Artillery Academy and the Alexander Military Law Academy. .

The system of educational institutions in the Navy also had its own specifics. In addition to educational institutions that train combatant naval officers, it included institutions for the training of navigators, engineering and technical specialists, naval gunners and shipbuilders. As in the army, naval educational institutions that train officers could be divided into two groups: 1) giving their graduates the first officer rank; 2) in which people who already have officer ranks improved their education. The first group includes naval schools, and the second - academies and various officer classes and schools.

So, the system of military education in the Russian Empire during the 19th century went through several stages. At the first stage, at the end of the first third of the 19th century, the network of cadet corps was expanding as the main link in the training of combined arms officer cadres. At the same time, a division was born into educational institutions that directly graduate officers, and institutions that provide primary training.

The next stage, which began in the second half of the 19th century, is associated with the then radical reforms of military education, as a result of which it assumed, firstly, a comprehensive character, and secondly, acquired a logical sequence and uniformity in the main links.

With the abolition of progymnasiums and the transformation of all cadet schools into military schools, the system of military educational institutions by the beginning of the 19th century took on a completely uniform form.

Notes:

1. Volkov S.V. Russian officer corps. - M., 1993. -p. 106.
2. There, sir. 107.
3. Zayonchkovsky P.A. Autocracy and the Russian army at the turn of the XIX-XX centuries (1881-1903).-M., 1973.-c.294.
4. RGVIA, f.379, op. 20, d.111, l.17.
5. RGVIA, f.379, op. 40, d.71, l.22.
6. Denikin A.I. The path of the Russian officer. - M., 1991. -p.65-66.
7. RGVIA, f.366, op.2, d.163, l.21.

In the period from 1865 to 2000 (for the time being, we will limit ourselves to the end of the 20th century in this somewhat specific study), more than a dozen secondary, higher and academic military educational institutions functioned in Riga - what do we know about them, their teachers and cadets, about their buildings, barracks and other household items?

Let's start with the Riga Infantry Junker School (1865 - 1886).

As part of the ongoing Minister of War of the Russian Empire Dm. Milyutin of the military reform (carried out at the same time as other transformations under Emperor Alexander II) in the 60s of the XIX century, military schools called junker schools were opened in each military district or a significant part of the Empire. Therefore, in addition to the previously existing schools at the 4th Army Corps in Voronezh, at the 2nd Army Corps (School of the Troops of the Kingdom of Poland) and in Finland (School of Troops located in Finland), at the end of 1864, the Vilna and Moscow cadets were opened schools. In 1865, the Helsingfors (for 100 cadets), Warsaw, Kiev, Odessa, Chuguev, Riga schools (for 200 cadets each), as well as the Tver and Elisavetgrad cavalry (for 60 and 90 cadets, respectively), and in 1866 - Kazan and Tiflis (for 200 junkers each). In 1867, the Orenburg School was formed for 200 people (including 120 Cossack officers of the Orenburg, Ural, Siberian and Semirechensk Cossack troops).

In 1868, the staff of the Tver School was increased to 90 cadets, the Elisavetgrad School was increased to 150, and the Helsingfors School was reduced to 90. In 1869, the staff of the Warsaw, Moscow, Kazan, Kyiv and Chuguev Schools was increased to 300 people, and two new schools were opened: Petersburg infantry for 200 cadets and Novocherkassk Cossack officer for 120 officers of the Don and Astrakhan Cossack troops. In 1870, the Stavropol School for 30 cadets and 90 officers of the Kuban and Terek Cossack troops was added to them. Thus, the network of cadet schools was created very quickly. If by the end of 1868 there were 13 schools for 2130 people, then by the beginning of 1871 there were 16 schools for 2670 infantry, 270 cavalry and 405 Cossack places (11 infantry for 2590 people, 2 cavalry for 240, 2 mixed for 320.1 Cossack for 120, as well as 2 Cossack departments for 75 people at the Warsaw and Vilna schools). In 1872, the Irkutsk cadet school was opened for 60 officers and 30 infantry cadets. In 1878, the Stavropol and Orenburg schools were transformed into Cossack schools (since 1876, the Cossack department was also in the Elisavetgrad school); the Cossack troops now had a total of 655 vacancies in the cadet schools instead of 330 in 1871. The Helsingfors school was closed in 1879, and by 1880 there were 16 schools left with a total staff of 4,500 people.

The cadet schools accepted those who graduated from military progymnasiums or the corresponding civilian educational institutions, as well as volunteers; since 1869, non-commissioned officers called up by recruitment could also enter. The course consisted of two classes: junior general and senior special. The volume and content of special education were dictated by the knowledge and skills necessary to command a battalion. At the end of the course, the cadets returned to their regiment and were promoted to officers to honor their superiors. At the same time, those released in the 1st category were made after the camp collection on the proposal of the authorities, regardless of the presence of vacancies in the regiment, and those released in the 2nd category - only for vacancies. The program of cadet schools in the early 80s. changed, but only slightly. Their release in 1866-1879. ranged from 270 to 2836 people and totaled 16,731 people.

Junker schools by the 80s. 19th century basically satisfied the army's need for officer cadres, and it became possible to increase the requirements for their educational training, which was recognized as insufficient. With the development of the network of cadet schools, the production of officers who had not completed the course of training was discontinued, but most of the officers were given precisely by the cadet schools. Now the task was to educate as many officers as possible at the level of military schools. To this end, in 1886 it was decided to reduce the total staff of the cadet schools from 4,500 to 2,800, but in reality they were reduced to 3,620 people (the Riga and Warsaw schools were closed). Since then, future army officers from the Baltic region had the opportunity to enter the Vilna infantry cadet school (since 1910 - the Vilna military school), where future Latvian military leaders usually entered, as well as geographically close military schools in St. Petersburg and Moscow.

What was the difference between cadet and military schools?
The first military schools appeared in 1863, when the senior (special) classes of the cadet corps (except for the Page, Finland, Orenburg and Siberian corps) were consolidated into three military schools, which received the names: the first - Pavlovsk, the second - Konstantinovsky and the third - Aleksandrovsky. In 1865, on the basis of the Nikolaev School of Guards Junkers, the Nikolaev Cavalry School (for 200 cadets) was formed, in connection with which, from 1866, graduation from other schools to the cavalry was stopped.

In the 1880s, the ratio of graduating from military and cadet schools was 26 and 74%. In the total number of those who graduated from cadet schools, those who had the 1st category made up a very small percentage, and the majority of those who received the 2nd category, for many years awaited the rank of ensign for promotion to officers for vacancies in their unit, reaching the rank of ensign (later second lieutenant) then when their peers from military schools managed to go far ahead on the career ladder. If in their service training and knowledge of the life of the lower ranks, ensigns graduating from cadet schools for the most part surpassed officers who graduated from military schools, then in their general education and theoretical military training they were significantly inferior to them, as a result of which the composition of officers in the infantry and cavalry troops was heterogeneous - Among them, one can single out those who graduated from the military and graduated from cadet schools. The latter were appointed to responsible positions of commanders of individual units relatively rarely, they usually ended their careers with the rank of lieutenant colonel.

It can be said that military schools located in the main military cities of the Russian Empire from ancient times (starting in particular with the Pushkar Order School, the Shlyakhetsky Cadet Corps, the Corps of Pages, the Tula Alexander Noble School and the School of Guards Ensigns) trained the officer elite, and the cadet schools were called to massively train a sufficient number of combat officers for the rapidly growing army, which was transferred to a new recruiting system - instead of many years of service of relatively few recruits, the armies of all the leading European states switched to recruitment by conscription, with the service of the maximum possible number of representatives of each year of birth for a limited time, thanks to to which a mobilization reserve of the army was created from military-trained and conscripted soldiers and officers.

Of the graduates of the Riga Infantry Junker School, the life path of the son of a Latvian peasant I.I. Krastynia:

KRASTYN Ivan Ivanovich (1863 - after 1915).
Commander of the 97th Lifland Infantry Regiment in 1914-1915.
Born December 3, 1863. From the peasants of Livonia Province. Lutheran denomination.

Having received a general education at home, on May 27, 1883, he entered military service as a private on the rights of a volunteer of the 3rd category in the 97th Livonian Infantry Regiment. On August 13, 1883 he was sent to the Riga Infantry Junker School. On September 3, he arrived at the school and was enrolled in the junior class. On July 22, 1884 he was transferred to the senior class. December 18, 1884 promoted to non-commissioned officer. On August 2, 1885, after completing the course of the school in the 1st category, he was promoted to lieutenant.

August 5 arrived in Dinaburg in his regiment. July 27, 1886 promoted to second lieutenant (seniority September 1, 1885). On January 15, 1888, he was appointed acting battalion adjutant (August 17, he was approved in the position). March 2, 1890 promoted to lieutenant (seniority September 1, 1889). On September 7, 1890, he was appointed head of weapons and acting as regimental quartermaster (on September 25, he was approved in the position). From November 28, 1893 to January 1, 1894 he was on a business trip in Oranienbaum at the Officer Rifle School. On February 20, 1894 he was awarded the Order of St. Stanislav, 3rd degree. He was also awarded medals - silver in memory of the reign of Emperor Alexander III (March 17, 1896) and for work on the census (July 7, 1897). April 15, 1897 was promoted to staff captain (seniority March 15, 1897). On August 27, 1897, he was appointed commander of a non-combatant company of the regiment (December 12, he was approved in his position). He was awarded prizes for excellent shooting on August 9, 1899 and August 11, 1900. On June 8, 1900 he was appointed commander of a combat company. On October 22, 1900, he was promoted to captain (seniority on May 6, 1900). On October 24, 1904, he was appointed acting superintendent of the 63rd Field Mobile Hospital. On November 5, he accepted the hospital in 1904 and on November 18, as part of the hospital, he went to the Far East. He did not take part in the hostilities. For his work and excellent diligent service, he was awarded the Order of St. Anna, 3rd degree (June 2, 1905), St. Stanislav, 2nd degree (presented on October 10, 1905, approved on April 13, 1906) and a dark bronze medal in memory of the war with Japan (January 21, 1906). On May 15, 1906, after disbanding the hospital, he was seconded back to the regiment. On May 15, 1906, he was appointed commander of the 11th company, on June 20 - acting manager of the economy, on July 23 - commander of the 4th company, on November 10 - commander of the 15th company. From October 10, 1907 to February 8, 1908, he was sent as part of a regiment to Vindava, Courland Province, to pacify the Baltic Territory. On April 8, 1909 he was appointed commander of the 3rd company. On April 24, 1909, he was promoted to lieutenant colonel for distinction in service (seniority on April 11, 1909). From October 4 to October 14, 1909, according to a secret order from the head of the 25th Infantry Division, he was on a business trip in the city of Mogilev.

In 1914 he was promoted to colonel. In this rank, he served in the regiment for the Great War. In August 1914, he distinguished himself in the very first battles in East Prussia (the Battle of Gumbinen). For distinction in cases against the enemy in East Prussia, he was awarded the Order of St. Vladimir, 4th degree with swords and a bow (November 1914). In the autumn of 1914 he was appointed temporary commander of the regiment. In January 1915, he distinguished himself with the regiment in multi-day battles for the village of Gumin, for which he was awarded the St. George weapon (October 8, 1915). By the summer of 1915 he commanded the 1st battalion of the regiment in Poland. In the autumn of 1915 he was appointed commander of the 443rd Sosnisky Infantry Regiment. (RGVIA, fund 409, inventory 1, file 2430).

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Pavlovsk military school (1894−6 November 1917) - infantry military school of the Russian Empire, in St. Petersburg. The temple holiday of the school is May 21, the day of memory of Saints Equal-to-the-Apostles Constantine and Helena. School holiday - December 23. Created in August 1863 by decree of Emperor Alexander II from the special classes of the Pavlovsk Cadet Corps, who transferred their banner to the school. The future Minister of War, Major General Pyotr Semyonovich Vannovsky, was appointed head of the school.

Cadet of the 1st Cadet Corps. 1914

Chamber-page in court uniform. 1900s

Junkers of the Pavlovsk School in the portrait hall. 1908.


Pupils of the 1st Cadet Corps in ballroom dancing classes. 1910s


Head of the Nikolaev Military Academy D.G. Shcherbachev with his son. 1909


Lieutenant General A.N. Kuropatkin with his son. 1910


Members of the British delegation on the occasion of the accession to the throne of King George V and the persons accompanying them in the park in front of the side facade of the Winter Palace. 1910


V.D. Butovsky - adjutant wing, chairman of the examination committee, member of the Pedagogical Committee of the Main Directorate of Military Educational Institutions. 1913

Celebration of the 50th anniversary of the Pavlovsk military school on August 25, 1913. Pole vaulting


Celebration of the 50th anniversary of the Pavlovsk military school on August 25, 1913. Demonstration of bayonet fighting skills.


Celebration of the 50th anniversary of the Pavlovsk military school August 25, 1913 Overcoming wire obstacles.


Junkers of the Mikhailovsky Artillery School during field exercises. Red Village. 1913

Officers' Court of Honor of the Life Guards of the 1st Artillery Brigade. 1913


Band of the Naval Guards crew on the parade ground before going to the parade. May 1912


A group of officers of the Life Guards of the Jaeger Regiment on the day of the celebration of the 100th anniversary of the Battle of Kulm. 1913


Marine guard crew. Officers in a car on Palace Square. 1914


Reception hall of the Smolny Institute. Among the visitors are pupils of military educational institutions. 1913.


Grand Duchess Olga Nikolaevna, chief of the 3rd Elisavetgrad Hussar Regiment, with the wives of the regiment's officers. Peterhof. August 5, 1913.


Speech by the orchestra of the 4th rifle imperial family of the battalion on the stage of the Lower Park in Peterhof. 1913.


Minister of the Imperial Court and Destinies Count V.B. Frederiks in the uniform of the Life Guards Cavalry Regiment. 1913

A group of officers of the 8th Ulan Voznesensky Grand Duchess Tatyana Nikolaevna Regiment in front of the large Peterhof Palace. August 5, 1913


Before departure. Gatchina Aviation School. 1913.


Military aircraft competition. Aviators I.I. Sikorsky (right), Lieutenant General N.V. Kaultbars (center) in the world's first multi-engine airplane "Russian Knight". 1913


Grand Duke Boris Vladimirovich and the commander of the Life Guards Cossack Regiment, Major General S.V. Evreinov. 1914

Sergeant of the Siberian fifty of the third hundred of the Life Guards of the Consolidated Cossack Regiment in full dress uniform. 1914


Fanfarists of the Life Guards Horse Regiment. 1914


Monument to the commander-in-chief of the Russian army on the Danube, Grand Duke Nikolai Nikolaevich (senior) on Manezhnaya Square in St. Petersburg on the day of its opening on January 13, 1914


Baron P.N. Wrangel. 1914

Naval Minister Admiral, Adjutant General I.K. Grigorovich (center) with the engineers of the Baltic Shipyard. 1914


Major General, commander of his own e.i.v. convoy, Prince Yu.I. Trubetskoy. 1914


General of Infantry A.A. Brusilov. 1914

A platoon of palace grenadiers on Palace Square. 1914


A platoon of mounted officers and a cadet of the Nikolaev Cavalry School during a riding exercise. 1914


Head of the Academy Major General D.G. Shcherbakov with a group of professors and teachers. 1914


Emperor Nicholas II and King Friedrich-August III of Saxony bypass the guard of honor of the Life Guards of the Cuirassier Regiment at the Tsarskoselsky railway station. June 7, 1914


A group of officers and soldiers with relatives before being sent to the active army. 1916


Home of the Army and Navy. A group of officers on the stairs. March 1916