Means of physical culture in the regulation of mental performance. Abstract means of physical culture in the regulation of mental performance

educational work intellectual student working capacity

Features of the use of means of physical culture to optimize the performance of students

It is shown that the most acceptable is the mode where heavy loads prevail in the second half of the day.

The effectiveness of the influence of physical exercises on the mental performance of students depends on the planning of physical education classes in the curriculum grid. However, these regularities are less characteristic of qualified student athletes who systematically perform physical loads of significant volume and intensity.

It was also shown that the signs of an increase in mental performance are detected in students immediately after the end of training sessions in the departments of sports games, athletics and skiing.

Immediately after weightlifting and gymnastics, there may be a temporary decrease in mental performance, which increases after 20-30 minutes. At the same time, after performing physical loads close to the maximum, most students have a noticeable decrease in mental performance.

The study of the influence of physical loads on the optimization of students' working capacity during the school day showed that the use of low-intensity loads in the development phase leads to a moderate increase in working capacity in the next 6 hours of study.

Medium-intensity loads have a pronounced positive effect in the acute period of aftereffect, which persists throughout the rest of the work.

Loads of high intensity create short-term insignificant increases in working capacity, which are quickly replaced by its decrease until the end of the school day.

Physical loads of low intensity in the phase of reduced performance smooth out the process of fatigue; medium intensity - maintain working capacity at a sufficiently high level until the end of the school day and during the period of self-training.

An excessively low level of motor activity leads to an even greater decrease in working capacity and is of little importance for the effectiveness of educational work.

Loads of high intensity reduce performance. This is especially necessary to take into account students who go in for sports and have physical activity that is large in volume and intensity.

Physical activities of the same nature can have both positive and negative effects on mental performance indicators. If physical exercises in terms of their duration and intensity are not accompanied by significant fatigue, then after them an increase in mental performance is observed. In the case when, after physical exercises, there is significant fatigue, mental performance decreases.

Therefore, if physical education classes are held after the end of general education classes, then you can use large in volume and intensity of the load. In cases where physical education classes are held in the morning hours and other training sessions are planned after them, they should not lead to significant fatigue of students.

Indeed, if physical activity is moderate, corresponds to the age, gender and level of physical fitness of a person, it will have a positive effect on the body. But an extreme increase in these loads and especially their intensity can adversely affect the state of health and mental performance. Moreover, the more intense the intellectual work and the accompanying neuropsychic stress, the more moderate physical activity should be.

That is why students during the session, when the emotional and mental stress is very high, need to reduce (but by no means exclude!) physical activity.

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PEI VPO Institute of Economics, Management and Law (Kazan)

Faculty of Law

Test

in Physical Education

On the topic: "Means of physical culture in the regulationperformance"

Kabaev Vladimir Valerievich

1 correspondence course

Faculty of Law

Bugulma

1. Introduction

2) Health

3) Formation of psychological, mental and emotional qualities by means of physical culture and sports.

4) Conclusion

5) List of used literature

1. Introduction

physical exercise

The progress of science and technology has made it necessary for a person to obtain a significant amount of professional knowledge and a large amount of various information. The pace of life has increased immeasurably. All this led to the presentation of modern man high demands on his physical condition and significantly increased the load on the mental, mental and emotional spheres. Purposeful formation of professionally important properties and qualities of a student's personality in the process of professionally applied physical training is their formation according to a pre-designed model, with the help of adequate techniques, measures and means of influence specific to physical culture. This method is based on the modern concept of professional personality formation, developed by scientists - teachers and psychologists.

To achieve this goal, it is planned to solve the following educational, educational, developmental and recreational tasks:

Understanding the role of physical culture in the development of personality and preparing it for professional activities;

Knowledge of the scientific and practical foundations of physical culture and a healthy lifestyle;

Formation of a motivational and value attitude to physical culture, attitudes towards a healthy lifestyle,

physical self-improvement and self-education, the need for regular exercise and sports;

Mastering the system of practical skills that ensure the preservation and promotion of health, mental and psychological well-being, development and improvement of psychological abilities, self-determination in physical culture;

Providing general and professional-applied physical fitness, which determines the psychological readiness of a student for a future profession;

Acquisition of experience in the creative use of physical culture and sports activities to achieve life and professional goals.

2) Health

Efficiency - a combination of the relevant capabilities of a person with special knowledge, skills, physical, psychological and physiological qualities, to perform purposeful actions, to form the processes of mental activity. The most typical changes in people's working capacity are associated with the load in professional activities, homework, etc. These include the features of using physical culture tools to optimize working capacity. For the normal operation of the brain, impulses are needed from various body systems, while fifty or more percent of all impulses belong to the muscles.

Muscle movements that create a huge number of impulses contribute to the formation of closed cycles of excitation, characterized by high levels of persistence and inertia.

So, after the cessation of physical work, a person immediately disconnects from it. During mental activity, intensive work of the brain continues. The nervous system is not completely rehabilitated. It has been experimentally proven that if a person has not received complete rest after physical work, his tonic muscle tension increases: an overworked brain mobilizes its capabilities to combat muscle overwork. Mental activity requires not only a trained brain, but also a trained body. Psychophysiological characteristics of labor - labor processes are carried out in a certain direction, planned in advance, associated with specific tasks, the implementation of which requires certain psychophysiological energy costs, appropriate levels of thinking and conclusions to obtain an end result of public importance (training, self-training, discovery, invention, rationalization and etc.).

3) Formation of psychological qualities by means of physical culture and sports

Separate qualities of attention have a lot of specific, in this regard, in their formation and improvement, various pedagogical techniques are used. The volume and distribution of attention are formed as a certain skill of simultaneous performance of several actions, similar in their psychophysiological structure to professional actions performed in conditions of a high pace of work. At the same time, the number of perceived objects and phenomena, the distance between them and the rate of perception gradually increase. Switching of attention is formed in the process of physical education in several ways: exercises for switching attention from object to object with preliminary assimilation of the technique and "routes" of switching; exercises with the selection of the most important objects from the secondary ones; training in the speed of switching attention from object to object.

The concentration of attention develops through the education and self-education of the attitude towards attention. The stability of attention is ensured by the development of volitional qualities and the creation, through training, of the basis for the manifestation of sustained attention, in particular, the endurance of the oculomotor apparatus. Great opportunities for the qualities of attention are gymnastic and drill exercises. An effective universal means of developing attention are sports games with a ball. This is explained by the fact that actions in them require a high level of manifestation of various qualities of attention. So, during the game, a volleyball player has to simultaneously perceive more than 10 objects and their elements. For example, when receiving the ball, he simultaneously determines the distance to the ball and the players, monitors the movement of his players and the opponent's players, chooses the method and effort to pass the ball, etc. In addition, during the game, the volleyball player has to constantly instantly change the objects to which attention is directed. Having made a pass for the attacker, he switches his attention to insurance, reception, etc., only in one second the volleyball player's attention switches alternately to 3 - 6 objects. The duration of the game, the variety of tactical situations require sustained attention. All this leads to the fact that volleyball lessons in themselves contribute to the development of the quality of attention.

Attention exercises. Exercises for developing the volume and distribution of attention:

Running, cycling on the highway;

Running at an average and fast pace while performing tasks for the arms and legs (for example, relay race);

Running downhill between trees; long jump with a running start; throwing athletics equipment; performance of free gymnastic exercises for coordination of movements of arms and legs;

Juggling with two or more balls; walking on two parallel gymnastic benches.

operational thinking.

Effective ways of developing operational thinking in the process of physical education are:

The use of elements of tactical training, the widespread use in the classroom of sports games and martial arts and training in these types;

The introduction of a certain system of pedagogical influences, specifically aimed at the formation of quality.

Have a significant effect:

Teaching (based on the principle of problem-based learning and gradual formation of mental actions) methods of operational thinking on material specific to physical education;

Exercises aimed at solving various motor algorithmic (solved according to a certain scheme) and heuristic (requiring creative efforts of thought) tasks by type of exercises for the development of tactical thinking of a gamer, a middle-distance runner, a wrestler;

Exercises for the development of observation, memory, perception, attention, will and other mental processes associated with quick thinking.

Operational thinking exercises.

1. Performing various tactical algorithmic and heuristic tasks for a middle-distance runner, game player, wrestler, fencer, boxer.

2. Relay race with the solution of suddenly arising algorithmic and heuristic problems (athletics relay races with a common transfer zone, relay races with overcoming obstacles, with dribbling, carrying the ball).

3. Overcoming unfamiliar obstacle courses for a while.

4. Downhill running, cycling, downhill skiing, sledding on a closed route.

5. Sports games (badminton, basketball, baseball, volleyball, handball, Russian rounders, tennis, table tennis, mini-football, hockey, veloball, velopolo, motoball).

6. Playing badminton, volleyball, tennis through a closed net.

7. Orientation on the ground.

8. Playing chess "blitz". Party duration 3 - 10 min. For each move 3 - 10 s. The time for thinking and playing is gradually reduced.

Emotional stability.

In the process of professionally applied physical training, emotional stability is ensured by:

1) gaining experience in volitional behavior in conditions of emotional tension, improving the physiological processes of adaptation to stress factors;

2) development of skills, abilities, habits, self-regulation of emotional tension.

To solve the first problem, the most effective means are exercises that simulate various stressful situations and require the mobilization of all the forces involved in order to effectively complete the task under given conditions.

The solution of the second task is carried out through exercises in the methods of changing somatic and negative manifestations of emotions (control and regulation of facial muscles, skeletal muscles, special breathing exercises) and methods of distraction from emotions, self-hypnosis-self-persuasion.

Exercises aimed at gaining experience of volitional behavior in conditions of emotional tension.

1. Running from the mountain along a difficult route.

2. Relay race with the performance of motor tasks that require the manifestation of courage, determination.

3. Performing various motor tasks at height (beam, gymnastic wall,

special site).

4. Jumping into the water from the tower.

5. Jumping on a trampoline (with the implementation of complex movements in coordination).

6. Team sports and outdoor games (basketball, volleyball, handball, rugby, ball wrestling, hockey, etc.)

7. Downhill skiing on a difficult route.

8. Rock climbing.

Volitional qualities.

The methodological basis of volitional training is a system of influences aimed at educating specific volitional manifestations of a personality, accumulating experience of volitional behavior, creating a good functional, physiological and morphological basis for volitional manifestations. The main means for solving these problems are physical exercises, sports that require overcoming difficulties that are adequate to the difficulties of production.

Initiative.

The formation of this volitional quality in physical culture and sports is carried out mainly due to the accumulation of experience of initiative behavior. For this purpose, the following methods and means are effective:

Performing physical exercises in the classroom in one of many ways on a personal initiative;

Independent training sessions with a group;

Competitions with other students for the optimal solution of a motor task;

Independent choice of a tactical plan for performance in competitions;

Organization of physical culture and sports events in the group on personal initiative;

Sport games;

Martial arts;

relay races;

competitions.

Courage and determination.

The formation of these qualities is most facilitated by exercises that contain elements of a known risk and require overcoming feelings of fear and hesitation.

Exercises for courage and determination.

1. Running down a steep hill with overcoming obstacles.

2. Deep jumps and dismounts from gymnastic equipment.

3. Walking and running with your eyes closed.

4. Jumping over obstacles and gymnastic equipment.

5. Trampoline exercises.

6. Overcoming special obstacle courses.

7. Playing rugby according to simplified rules with power elements.

8. Acrobatic jumps.

9. Jumping into the water.

10. Jumping-falling to the ground, floor.

11. Fast attack in games.

12. Boxing match with a strong opponent.

13. Rock climbing.

Persistence.

The most effective means of forming this quality in the process of physical education are

exercises that contain elements of overcoming significant external and internal difficulties are performed in adverse weather conditions, in large volume, require significant nervous tension. When developing resilience, it is advisable to use techniques that enhance the effect of the means used: artificial build-up of efforts, training in a group, a competitive method, introducing an emotional factor into training, and using technical means.

During the formation of stamina, it is necessary to train not only volitional effort, but also the physiological basis of effort. In this case, it is necessary to strictly observe the principle of gradual increase in loads and their adequacy to the body's capabilities. Otherwise, the physiological base may be depleted, which will ultimately affect the volitional action.

Strength exercises.

1. Slow long run in difficult meteorological conditions - up to 3 hours.

2. Tempo cross run - up to 3 hours.

3. Cross-country running on a complex terrain full of various obstacles.

4. Training in cross-country and forced march under adverse weather conditions: in rain, snowfall, strong wind, high and low temperatures.

5. Competitions in forced march, running on 8; ten; 20; thirty; 42.195 km.

6. Swimming at a distance.

7. Overcoming special obstacle courses.

8. Fight with a stronger opponent.

9. One-day and multi-day hiking and skiing tours.

10. Boat trip for 20 km or more.

11. Ski crossing, bike ride.

12. Holding the breath for a while while inhaling or exhaling.

4) Conclusion

With a sedentary lifestyle, an insufficient level of physical activity, an underdeveloped muscular apparatus, impulses of a low, barely necessary frequency are transmitted, which primarily worsens the functioning of the brain and other internal organs. Such people have reduced energy reserves in nerve cells, the level of immune protection, and the likelihood of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, osteochondrosis, and sciatica increases. Metabolic processes are disturbed, adipose tissue and body weight increase.

Environmental pollution is fraught with the danger of genetic changes. A trained body is more resistant to adverse environmental conditions. Morning exercises have become the most common form of exercise. Athletic gymnastics helps in the formation of a beautiful, proportional body. Rhythmic gymnastics improves the utilization of oxygen in the tissues of the body, leads to an increase in working capacity, physical endurance of a person. Swimming improves the functioning of internal organs, develops the cardiovascular system, prevents stagnation of venous blood, ensuring its return to the heart. The bike is indispensable in the fight against excess weight. Sports games develop dexterity, develop physical activity.

And finally, "If you want to be strong - run, if you want to be beautiful - run, if you want to be smart - run!".

Physical education delays the aging process, prevents the development of diseases, and maintains normal performance.

5) References

1. Brekhman, I.I. Valeology - the science of health / I.I. Brekhman. - M., 2010.

2. Vasilyeva, O.S. book about the new

physical education / O.S. Vasilyeva, L.R. Pravdin. - Rostov n / a, 2010.

3. Vilensky, M.Ya. Physical culture of mental workers / M.Ya. Vilensky, V.I. Ilyinich. - M., 2007.

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We all know the well-known provisions that physical culture has a healing and preventive effect, that systematic physical education is the surest way to eliminate the negative consequences of physical inactivity, that systematic sports should become an integral part of every person's life. However, we rarely think about what regular physical education can give us in everyday life.

It is obvious that in many respects the success of teaching students depends on their performance. The higher the working capacity, the greater the amount of knowledge a student is able to acquire, and in a variety of disciplines. So what is performance?

Working capacity - This is the ability of a person to perform a certain type of activity for a certain time without reducing efficiency.

Distinguish between potential and actual performance. Potential performance is one that is inherent in a particular person (determined on the basis of a number of indicators - see below). Real - one that is realized in the process of performing any activity. It depends on the external conditions of activity and the psychophysiological resources of the individual.

The definition of performance is based on three groups of factors:

1. Physiological (health, fitness, gender, nutrition, sleep, overall load, organization of rest);

2. Physical or external (these factors affect the body through the senses: atmospheric pressure, temperature, noise, illumination of the workplace, etc.);

3. Mental (well-being, mood, motivation).

The level of physical and mental performance is determined by the speed and nature of fatigue, i.e. a condition that occurs as a result of work with insufficient recovery processes in the body. The result of fatigue is a decrease in the efficiency of work, its productivity.

Currently, the only accurate measure of performance is the amount (amount) of work that can be done. When the amount of marginal work decreases, i.e. work performed "to failure" automatically reduces performance. With increasing efficiency, the amount of marginal work also increases.

It is customary to evaluate physical performance by the value of the maximum oxygen consumption achieved with a stepwise increase in the power of the work performed “to failure”. For each individual, the indicator of maximum oxygen consumption (it is also called the “oxygen ceiling”) is a characteristic of the functional capabilities of his body, the degree of perfection and coordination of the functions of the central nervous system, respiration, blood circulation, blood, muscular system, hormonal, etc. However, direct measurement of the value of maximum oxygen consumption is a rather complicated and difficult procedure for the studied individuals. Therefore, indirect (indirect) methods for determining this indicator have become widespread, for example, by recording the load power and heart rate.

Physical performance is one of the most important components of sports success. It manifests itself in various forms of muscle activity and depends on the ability and readiness of a person for physical work.

Performance is assessed based on performance criteria. They are divided into direct and indirect. Direct performance criteria include quantitative and qualitative indicators. Those. sports activities are assessed:

1. quantitatively (meters, seconds, kilograms, points, points, etc.);

2. qualitatively (accuracy, reliability, correct performance of specific physical exercises).

Indirect performance criteria include various physiological, biochemical, psychophysiological indicators that characterize changes in body functions in the process of work. In other words, indirect indicators are the reactions of the body to a certain load. They point out the physiological cost of this work for a person, i.e. how, for example, the athlete's body pays for the achieved seconds, meters, kilograms, etc. It has been established that indirect performance indicators in the labor process deteriorate much earlier than direct criteria. This gives grounds to use various physiological methods to predict human performance, as well as to elucidate the mechanisms of adaptation.

When evaluating the working capacity and functional state of a person, it is necessary to take into account his subjective state (fatigue), which is a rather informative indicator. Feeling tired, a person slows down the pace of work or stops it altogether. This prevents the functional exhaustion of various organs and systems and provides the possibility of a quick recovery of human performance. A.A. Ukhtomsky considered the feeling of fatigue to be one of the most sensitive indicators of a decrease in working capacity and the development of fatigue.

However, the severity of fatigue does not always correspond to the degree of fatigue. Those. it cannot serve as an objective indicator of performance. This discrepancy is based on the different emotional attunement of the worker to the work performed. So, with a high motivation of a worker who performs pleasant and socially significant work, fatigue does not occur for a long time. And, on the contrary, with aimless, uninteresting work, fatigue can occur when, objectively, fatigue either has not yet occurred at all, or its severity is far from corresponding to the degree of fatigue.

For the category of the population in which mental loads predominate (schoolchildren, students, scientists, etc.), physical education is of exceptional importance. Scientists have proven that a trained person can easily cope with significant physical and mental stress. A properly selected amount of physical activity contributes not only to the improvement of the body, increasing vitality, but also to increasing efficiency, not only when performing physical exercises, but also in the process of intellectual activity. The means of physical culture can be very different: any kind of physical activity in the gym, swimming pool, outdoor walks, running, cycling, skiing, etc. Everyone should choose the type of activity based on their own preferences and health status. The optimal number of classes is 3 times a week. The most effective type of load is medium, because. it is he who is the most balanced (with insufficient load, the training effect will be completely absent; with excessive load, overwork will occur).

Test questions:

· What types of mental activity do you know? Give a brief description of each of them.

· What factors affect the productivity of mental activity? What is this influence?

· What is performance? What types of performance do you know?

· On what factors is the definition of performance based?

· What performance criteria do you know? What metrics does each include?

Distinguish between passive and active rest, associated with motor activity. Active recreation is the basis for organizing recreation in the field of mental activity. The value of outdoor activities for the restoration of working capacity was first established by the Russian physiologist I.M. Sechenov (1829-1905), who showed that a pronounced acceleration in the restoration of the working capacity of a tired limb occurs not during its passive rest, but during work during the rest period with the other limb.

The "small forms" of physical culture in the mode of educational work of students include: morning hygienic gymnastics, physical culture pause, physical education minutes, micro-pauses of active rest.

Morning hygienic gymnastics included in the daily routine in the morning after waking up from sleep. The complexes should include exercises for all muscle groups, flexibility exercises and breathing exercises. It is not recommended to perform exercises of a static nature, with significant weights, it was not carried out. The daily complex of morning hygienic gymnastics, supplemented with water procedures, is an effective means of hardening the body and maintaining efficiency.

Systematic exercise improves blood circulation, strengthens the cardiovascular, respiratory and nervous systems, and contributes to more productive activity of the cerebral cortex.

Physical culture pause carried out to reduce fatigue in the process of mental activity. It consists of 5-7 exercises and is carried out from 5 to 10 minutes during the period of incipient fatigue.

Students are offered the following complex of physical culture breaks:

1st exercise - sipping. The pace is slow. 5-6 times.

2nd exercise - bending back and turning the torso. The pace is average. 3-4 times.

3rd exercise - forward bends. The pace is average. 6-10 times.

4th exercise - springy squats. The pace is average. 6-8 times.

5th exercise - tilts to the sides. The pace is average. 6-8 times.

6th exercise - swing movements. The pace is average. 4-6 times.

7th exercise - for coordination of movements. The pace is average. 6-8 times.

Physical education minute consists of 2-3 exercises performed within 1-2 minutes. Physical culture minutes can be of general and local impact, they are used during the school day as needed in active recreation (up to 5 times or more).

An example of a physical education session for students is the following complex (V.N. Nosar):

1st exercise - sipping.

2nd exercise squats, lunges or jumps.

3rd exercise - for coordination of movements.

Micro-pauses of active rest are the shortest form of physical culture in the mode of educational work of students, the duration of which is 20-30 seconds. In micropauses, muscle tensions of a dynamic, and more often isometric (without movement) nature, muscle relaxation, head and eye movements, breathing exercises, and walking are used. They are applied repeatedly, as needed, individually.

Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation

Federal State Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education Krasnoyarsk State Agrarian University

Department: physical culture.

On the topic: "Means of physical culture in the regulation

working capacity".

Completed by: student of the 13th group ZUF IZKiP

Maslova T.V.

Krasnoyarsk 2010

Introduction

1. Student's educational work

Conclusion

Bibliographic list

Introduction

At the present time, the pace of life has increased disproportionately. This led to the presentation of modern man high demands on his physical condition and significantly increased the burden on the mental, mental and emotional spheres.

Purposeful formation of professionally important properties and qualities of a student's personality in the process of physical training is their formation according to a pre-designed model, with the help of adequate techniques, measures and means of influence specific to physical culture.

This method is based on the modern concept of professional personality formation, developed by scientists - teachers and psychologists.

To achieve this goal, in accordance with the standards of higher education, it is planned to solve the following educational, educational, developmental and recreational tasks:

− understanding of the role of physical culture in the development of personality and its preparation for professional activity;

− knowledge of the scientific and practical foundations of physical culture and a healthy lifestyle;

− formation of a motivational and value attitude to physical culture, an attitude towards a healthy lifestyle, physical self-improvement and self-education, the need for regular physical exercises and sports;

- mastering the system of practical skills that ensure the preservation and strengthening of health, mental and psychological well-being, development and improvement of psychological abilities, self-determination in physical culture;

− provision of general and professional-applied physical fitness, which determines the psychological readiness of a student for a future profession;

− acquisition of experience in the creative use of physical culture and sports activities to achieve life and professional goals.

Modern conditions for the development of society pose new challenges for higher education - to train a specialist who meets the changing needs of society. Young professionals should have greater professional mobility than yesterday, which requires a fairly high level of intellectual activity. This is due to the peculiarities of the new socio-economic conditions and the intensification of scientific and technological progress.

Education at the university is intended, first of all, to have a significant impact on the overall intellectual development of students. Intellectual level research conducted by L.V. Menshikova on the Veksler scale, showed that during training at a technical university, the integration of intellect as a holistic education takes place due to an increase in connections between its individual parts. Education contributes to the development of the verbal structures of the intellect, much less affecting its deep, figurative foundations, which play a crucial role in mastering a technical profession.

The use of the healing forces of nature (hardening) strengthens and activates the body's defenses, stimulates metabolism, the activity of the heart and blood vessels, and has a beneficial effect on the state of the nervous system.

Important for maintaining and improving the level of physical and mental performance is given to a complex of health-improving and hygienic measures, which include a reasonable combination of work and rest, the normalization of sleep and nutrition, the rejection of bad habits, exposure to fresh air, sufficient physical activity.

A person who leads a mobile lifestyle and systematically engages in physical exercises can do much more work than a person who leads a sedentary lifestyle. This is due to the reserve capacity of the body.

1. Student's educational work

One of the most important tasks of higher education is to create conditions for the maximum realization of the possibilities of intellectual activity of students.

According to the great Aristotle, “a good leader must have “ethos”, “pathos”, “logos”. It is known that “ethos” is high morality, a source of convincing people that one is right, “pathos” is the ability to touch people’s feelings, “logos” is the ability to rationally justify one’s actions and make people think.

A university is not a school, a university does not teach, a university creates conditions for learning, of course, for those who have enough strength and capabilities to self-know themselves, objectively develop, bring their “I”, qualities, abilities, skills, and finally, the state health, a high level of mental and physical performance, intelligence, culture.

It is known that human health by 45...50% depends on the conditions of the lifestyle, the chosen style, which are clearly related to the formation of the facets of the personality.

Each university has its own, born by him and constantly improving information and educational environment.

Its multicomponent nature and positive impact on the student, especially the first-year student, depend on the level of pedagogical skills of teachers. To the most important component - university (not school "physical education") physical culture, sports, which significantly shortens the period of adaptation of recent schoolchildren to the conditions of being in a university with its "soft" at first forms and types of training during the semester and immeasurably tough in relation to the body , sometimes not yet strong enough, during periods of tests and exams.

The harmonious combination of intellect, physical and spiritual forces was highly valued by man throughout his development and formation. The university provides such an opportunity.

Special mention should be made of adaptation to university forms and types of education. It is important for a first-year student who has sharply crossed the border between the conditions of study at school and university, to shorten this period, which can last a semester and two or three years. There is a clear pattern of reducing the adaptation time for those who are sociable, passionate about sports, social work, any form of activity with a high level of responsibility.

This is facilitated by:

- active means of physical culture, team sports, tourism, mountaineering, orienteering and other types of purposeful physical employment;

− mass health-improving and sports events in which the student is a participant, organizer, assistant, etc.;

− reasonable planning of one's life for the next 3-5 years in the form of a realistic self-improvement program, the main provisions of which are aimed at improving health, increasing intelligence, mastering the chosen profession.

The most typical changes in the working capacity of students are associated with the workload, class schedule, employment in research, professional activities as additional factors. These include the features of the use of physical culture to optimize performance.

The recreations adopted by the education system: short-term breaks between classes, weekly, winter and summer vacations, temporary stays of a targeted nature in dispensaries, sanatoriums, etc., academic annual leave are aimed at restoring the optimal ratio of the main nervous processes in the cerebral cortex and associated with this mental performance. For the normal operation of the brain, impulses are needed from various body systems, while fifty or more percent of all impulses belong to the muscles.

Muscle movements that create a huge number of impulses contribute to the formation of closed cycles of excitation, characterized by high levels of persistence and inertia.

Mental activity requires not only a trained brain, but also a trained body.

Psychophysiological characteristics of labor - labor processes are carried out in a certain direction, planned in advance, associated with specific tasks, the implementation of which requires certain psychophysiological energy costs, appropriate levels of thinking and conclusions to obtain an end result of public importance (training, self-training, discovery, invention, rationalization and etc.).

2. Formation of psychological qualities by means of physical culture and sports

Attention. Separate qualities of attention have a lot of specific, in this regard, in their formation and improvement, various pedagogical techniques are used.

The volume and distribution of attention are formed as a certain skill of simultaneous performance of several actions, similar in their psychophysiological structure to professional actions performed in conditions of a high pace of work. At the same time, the number of perceived objects and phenomena, the distance between them and the rate of perception gradually increase.