Russian language simulator (grade 2) on the topic: Cards The main members of the sentence. Main and secondary members of the sentence: how to find them without unnecessary difficulties

In this lesson, we will learn that in a sentence the main members are distinguished - the subject and the predicate. The subject and predicate form the grammatical basis of a sentence. Learn to find the subject and predicate in a sentence and underline them.

Remember: subject names who or what the sentence is talking about, and answers the questions “who?”, “What?”. When parsing a sentence, it is underlined with one line.

For example: Schoolchildren read books. What is the proposal about? About schoolchildren. Who - pupils- subject, underline with one line. What are the students doing? Read. This is the second main member of the sentence - the predicate. Emphasized by two lines. Schoolchildren read books.

Remember: predicate- the main member of the proposal. Names what is said about the subject, answers questions what to do? what to do? When parsing a sentence, it is underlined by two lines.

We learned that in a sentence the main members are distinguished - the subject and the predicate. The subject and predicate form the grammatical basis of a sentence.

Rice. 4. The grammatical basis of the sentence ()

And now we will complete tasks that will help us consolidate the knowledge gained.

We write out the grammatical basis of the sentences and underline the subject and predicate.

Spring has come. Ringing streams ran across the land. Birds sang on the branches. The first blades of grass appeared on the thawed patches.

Let's check the correctness of this task.

Spring has come. It has come - the predicate, spring - the subject.

The streams ran. Brooks - subject, ran - predicate.

The birds sang. They sang - the predicate, the birds - the subject.

Weeds appeared. Appeared - the predicate, blades of grass - the subject.

Insert a suitable subject.

The cold north __________ is blowing. White _________ fall to the ground. Fluffy ________ jumps from branch to branch in the forest.

Words to insert: squirrel, wind, snowflakes.

Let's check:

A cold north wind is blowing. White snowflakes fall to the ground. A fluffy squirrel jumps from branch to branch in the forest.

Let's make sentences from these words. Find the grammatical basis in each sentence and underline it.

Crow, sitting on, a branch, black.

Gray, gnaws, carrots, hare, delicious.

Apples, on, ripe, apple tree, red.

Coat, hanging, hanger, on, baby.

One of the answer options:

A black crow sits on a branch.

Proposal basis: crow sitting .

A gray hare gnaws a delicious carrot.

Proposal basis: hare gnaws .

Red apples ripened on an apple tree.

Proposal basis: The apples are ripe .

A child's coat is hanging on a hanger.

Proposal basis: coat hanging .

In the next lesson, we will learn which members of the sentence are called secondary, learn how to find them in the sentence, highlight them with underlining. Let's talk about common and non-common offers.

1. Klimanova L.F., Babushkina T.V. Russian language. 2. - M.: Enlightenment, 2012 (http://www.twirpx.com/file/1153023/)
2. Buneev R.N., Buneeva E.V., Pronina O.V. Russian language. 2. - M.: Balass.
3. Ramzaeva T.G. Russian language. 2. - M.: Bustard.

Offer members.

1 .Subject stands for about whom or about what the proposal says, and answers the question who? or what? The subject is most often expressed by a noun. emphasized one trait.

2.Predicate is the main part of the sentence, which means, what the sentence refers to the subject, and answer the question what is he doing? what do they do? What did you do? what did you do? Most often expressed as a verb. Emphasized by two lines.

3. Definition - is a minor member of the sentence that answers questions which? which? which? which? and emphasized

wavy line. The definition is expressed by an adjective.

4. Addition - whom? what?

to whom? what?

whom? what?

by whom? how?

about whom? about what?

and underlined with a dashed line -------- . The object is most often expressed by a noun or a pronoun.

5. Circumstance - is a minor member of the sentence, which answers the questions: where? where? where? as? when? and is underlined by a broken line and a dot. The circumstance is most often expressed by a noun or an adverb.

for example : In green grove travelers met funny vote birds.

Offer- is a word or several words related in meaning.

narrative: The weather is beautiful outside.

Interrogative: Why don't you walk?

Incentives: Go quickly!

Exclamations:They gave me a puppy!

Non-exclamatory: They gave me a puppy.

Uncommon: Spring came.

Common: Came long awaited Spring.

narrow path was leaving far into the forest. - simple (Has one grammatical basis)

In the morning warmed sun and by the evening knocked freezing. - complex

(has two or more grammatical stems)

On the factory Human pours liquid glass in sieve.

( Narrative, non-exclamatory, simple, common.)

Analysis of the sentence by the members of the sentence and by parts of speech, writing out phrases.

In a phrase, one word is the main one, and the other is dependent. First, the question is asked from the subject group, then from the predicate group, then from the group of secondary members.

Subject and predicate are not phrases (since the main member of the sentence (subject) cannot depend on the main member of the sentence (predicate)).
p., unit, m.r., etc. n. n., pl., I.p. s., pl., I.p. g., p.v., pl. prev.
for example : autumn afternoon small children walked in

p., unit, m.r., P.p. s., unit, m.r., P.p., 2s.
urban park.

Homogeneous members of a sentence are words that:

1. Refer to the same member of the proposal.

2. Answer the same question.

3. And for definitions: Designate the same sign (color, size, shape ...)

4. Homogeneous can be both the main and secondary members of the proposal.

For example:

Suvorov appreciated their soldiers for bravery, ingenuity, endurance.

which? which?

small, large boats swayed on the water.

(Small, big- homogeneous definitions).

Difficult sentence.

complex - they call a sentence in which there are several grammatical bases.

In writing, parts of a complex sentence are separated by a comma.

For example:

Burned out april light evening, across the meadows cold dusk lay down

Day getting dark, and grass gray dew in the meadows glitters.

Direct speech.

Direct speech - these are words conveyed on behalf of the speaker.

The prince replies sadly: "Sadness, melancholy eats me up."

A: "P".

Punctuation marks in sentences with direct speech:

A: "P". "P", - a.

A: "P!" "P!" - a.

A: "P?" "P?" - a.

Appeal.

Appeal- a word (or phrase) that names a person, animal or object to which speech is addressed.

On a letter the call is separated by commas.

For example:

Kolobok sing your song one more time.

This couple , tsar, mine and the owner too.

We, Murenka Let's go to the forest with my grandfather!

Good luck to you gentlemen.

The appeal is not a member of the proposal .

Member of the proposal- the syntactic function of words and phrases in sentences.

The main members of the proposal:

Subject- this is the main member of a two-part sentence, denoting the carrier of the sign (action, state, property) called the predicate. The subject can be expressed in the nominative case of the name, pronoun, infinitive. Answers a question who? what?:

Factory works. I doing. Friend sings. Seven one is not expected. smoke harmful.

Predicate- this is the main member of a two-part sentence, denoting a sign (action, state, property) related to the carrier, which is expressed by the subject. The predicate is expressed by the conjugated form of the verb, infinitive, noun, adjective, numeral, pronoun, adverb, phrase. Answers the questions what does (did, will do)? which?:

He is reading. Live - means to fight. Sister engineer. Son tall. Weather hot. She is warmer, than yesterday. This book my. This lesson second. To study interesting. Studies plays an important role.

Secondary members of the sentence:

Definition- is a minor member of the sentence, answering questions which? whose? which? Definitions are divided into:

agreed definitions. They agree with the defined member in the form (case, number and gender in the singular), are expressed by adjectives, participles, ordinal numbers, pronouns:

Large trees grow near paternal house. AT our class no lagging behind students. He decides this task second hour.

inconsistent definitions. Does not match the member being defined in the form. Expressed by nouns in indirect cases, comparative degree of adjectives, adverbs, infinitive:

Noisy leaves birches. He liked evenings at grandma's house. Choose fabric more fun with a pattern. Eggs for breakfast soft-boiled. They were united by desire see you.

Appendix is a definition (usually agreed upon) expressed by a noun (single or with dependent words): city- hero, students- Uzbeks; We met Arkhip- blacksmith. The doctor came small man. Do not agree in form with the word being defined applications expressed by nicknames, conditional names, placed in quotation marks or attached using words by the name, by last name:

in the newspaper "Arguments and Facts" interesting reportage. He reads about Richard Lion Heart. I went hunting with a husky nicknamed Bonya.

Addition- this is a minor member of the sentence, answering questions of indirect cases ( whom? what? to whom? what? what? by whom? how? about whom? about what?). It is expressed by nouns, pronouns in indirect cases or nominal phrases:

Father developed has an interest in sports. Mother sent brother and sister for milk.

Circumstance- this is a minor member of the sentence, expressing the characteristics of the action, state, property and answering questions as? how? where? where? where? why? why? etc. It is expressed by adverbs, nouns in indirect cases, gerunds, infinitives, phraseological units:

Far away loud woodpecker knocked. The song sounds quieter. She said smiling. He left from Moscow to Kyiv.

Homogeneous members of a sentence- these are the main or secondary members of the sentence that perform the same syntactic function (i.e., they are the same members of the sentence: subjects, predicates, definitions, additions, circumstances), answering the same question and pronounced with enumeration intonation:

All the way neither he nor I didn't talk. We sang and danced. Cheerful, joyful, happy laughter filled the room. She is long, confused, but joyfully shook his hand. Homogeneous definitions must be distinguished from heterogeneous ones that characterize the subject from different angles: in this case, there is no enumeration intonation and it is impossible to insert coordinating conjunctions: Buried in the ground round hewn oak pillar.

Introductory words and sentences- words and sentences equivalent to the word, which occupy an independent position in the sentence, express different aspects of the speaker's attitude to the subject of speech:

certainly, probably, apparently, of course, rather, more precisely, roughly speaking, in a word, for example, by the way, imagine, I think, as they say, it would seem, if I'm not mistaken, you can imagine etc.

Plug-in structures- words, phrases and sentences containing additional comments, clarifications, amendments and clarifications; unlike introductory words and sentences, they do not contain an indication of the source of the message and the attitude of the speaker towards it. In a sentence, they are usually distinguished by brackets or dashes:

On a hot summer morning (this was at the beginning of July) we went for berries. Soldiers - there were three of them ate without paying attention to me. I did not understand (now I understand) how cruel I was to her.

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1. Yellow leaves fall. 2. A slender spruce grew in the forest. 3. The girl is reading an interesting book.4. Mom found a beautiful mushroom in the forest. 5. The sun is shining brightly. 6. The kids made a snowman. 7. The dog barks loudly. 8. Luda painted with paints. 9. A car is speeding along the road. 10. The dog chased the hare. 11. Oleg writes beautifully in a notebook.

Surname, name of the student

In each sentence, underline the subject and predicate (the grammatical basis of the sentence):

1. A bear is sleeping in a den. 2. The student solves a difficult problem. 3. Brother bought skates. 4. Fragrant lilac blooms. 5. Lamps brightly illuminate the circus. 6. A strong wind shakes the trees. 7. Pupils draw. 8. Grandma put the dishes on the table. 9. Tomorrow the schoolchildren will go on an excursion. 10. A porcini mushroom grew under the spruce.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Underline the main parts of each sentence.

1. Late autumn has come. 2. A strong wind is blowing. 3. It's been raining all day.4. The squirrel drags nuts into the hollow. 5. The birds flew away to warmer climes. 6. Magpies jump around the dwellings of people. 7. Boys make beautiful boats.8. Light clouds float across the sky. 9. Light sings.

…………………………………………………………………………

Surname, name of the student_________________________________________

Title. Write, denoting the boundaries of sentences. In each sentence, underline the subject and predicate.

Yellow leaves are falling from the trees, the grass is withering, the sun is hiding behind gray clouds, it often drizzles with light rain in the garden, colorful asters are still blooming.

Surname, name of the student

Independent work 1 option

Underline the main parts of each sentence.

1. Red ants exterminate forest pests. 2. A white cat washes her face with her paw. 3. The guys are playing cheerfully and together in the yard. 4. A colorful rainbow appeared in the sky. 5. A cunning fox deftly covers his tracks with a fluffy tail. 6. An agile squirrel stores nuts in a hollow for the winter. 7. Ice cracked from the cold. 8. Evil crocodiles live in Africa. 9. Birds fly to warm lands. 10. Children fed the hedgehog with milk.

Surname, name of the student___________________________________________________________________________

Independent work Option 2

Underline the main parts of each sentence.

1. A gloomy cloud covered the sky. 2. Colorful leaves swirl beautifully in the air. 3. Restless frogs croak in the swamp. 4. Dew drops sparkle in the sun. 5. Suddenly it began to rain heavily. 6. The trees are dressed in festive attire. 7. A cold wind often blows. 8. In autumn, the guys found a crane behind the garden. 9. The sun shines directly through the window. 10. New residents appeared in the zoo in spring.

The words and phrases that make up a sentence are called members of the sentence. The members of the proposal are divided into main and secondary.
The main members of the sentence - the subject and the predicate - form the grammatical basis of the sentence (its predicative center).

Predicate- this is the main member of the sentence, which depends only on the subject and denotes its attribute or action. The predicate answers the questions what does the object do? what happens to him? what is he? what is he? who is he? and etc.
The predicate expresses the grammatical meaning of one of the moods. This meaning is conveyed by the form of the mood of the verb, less often by other means. For example: We were sitting on the bank of the pond. Suddenly a dog runs out of the bushes and jumps into the water. The first two predicates have the form of inclination, and the third has no form of inclination, but expresses the grammatical meaning of the indicative mood (jumping - jumping).

By meaning, the predicate is divided into verbal and nominal. Depending on the structure and method of expression, the verbal predicate is simple and compound; the nominal predicate will always be compound. Thus, the main types of predicate are simple verbal predicate, compound verbal predicate and compound nominal predicate.

So, the predicates are simple and compound. In a simple predicate, lexical and grammatical meanings are expressed in one word.
A simple predicate can only be a verb. It is expressed by an independent verb in the form of one of the moods, for example: 1) Songbirds have already woken up. (S.-M.) 2) Birds sing loudly. (S.-M.) 3) The birds will sing even louder. In these examples, the predicate verbs have past, present and future indicative forms. 4) In the sports section, you would train more regularly - the predicate is expressed by the verb in the conditional mood.<5) Вы возьмите с собой в поход туристскую карту-схему — сказуемое выражено глаголом в повелительном наклонении.
Compound predicates are those predicates in which the lexical and grammatical meanings are expressed in different words. Compare: On the second day, the goldfinch began to sing. - On the second day, the goldfinch began to sing. Katya was sick for a whole month. — Katya was sick for a whole month. Compound predicates began to sing and was sick consist of two words, one of which (sing, sick) expresses the main lexical meaning of the predicate, and the other (began, was) - its grammatical meaning.

Compound predicates are verbal and nominal.

A compound verb is a predicate that consists of an auxiliary word and an indefinite form of the verb. For example: I started working. My brother has stopped studying and may fall behind in his studies. I have to help him.
Auxiliary words are divided into two groups:
1) verbs with the meaning of beginning, end or continuation (begin, stop, finish, stop, continue);
2) verbs and short adjectives with the meaning of possibility, necessity, desirability, etc. (to be able, to be able, to want, to wish, glad, ready, must, must, intend).
Auxiliary words express the grammatical meaning of the predicate, and the indefinite form of the verb expresses its lexical meaning. The violinist began (continued, stopped) playing. We won't be able to perform at the concert. We would like to compete.
If the auxiliary word is a short adjective, then it is used only with a bunch: 1) I was glad to help. 2) He was ready to argue with you. In the present tense, the connective is not used, i.e., it is zero. Wed: He is ready to argue with you. I'm glad to help you.
Compound verbal predicate \u003d auxiliary word + indefinite form of the verb

A compound nominal is a predicate, which consists of a linking verb and a nominal part (adjective, noun, etc.). Linking verbs express the grammatical meaning of the predicate, and the nominal part expresses its lexical meaning.
Compound nominal predicate \u003d linking verb + nominal part
For example: I was right.
Linking verbs are divided into three groups.
1. The linking verb to be expresses only grammatical meanings. In the present tense, the linking verb to be is not used, i.e., the link is zero. You would be brave - conditional mood. You be brave - imperative mood. You were brave - past tense. You will be brave - bud. temp. You are brave - nast. temp. (zero link)
2. Linking verbs to become, to become, to become, to appear, to be considered, to appear, to seem, to be called are less common, for example: 1) We have winter. Everything becomes brighter, more cheerful from the first snow. (Ch.) 2) The white grandfather has completely become. (N.) 3) The palace seemed like a sad island. (P.)
3. Verbs with the meaning of movement, position in space can act as connectives: come, arrive, return, etc .; sit, stand, etc., for example: 1) I sat immersed in deep thought. (P.) 2) The girl came tired. (Floor.)
In place of the linking verb, combinations of auxiliary words with a certain form of the linking verb can be used, for example: I would be glad to become a teacher.