Turgenev, you are my only support and support. Poems about the Russian language, native speech, Russian words

The poem in Turgenev's prose "Russian language" was created in 1882 and published in Vestnik Evropy No. 12, 1882.

This prose poem, along with the other forty-nine, was sent to the editor of Vestnik Evropy, Stasyulevich. Turgenev gave the poems in prose a subtitle, which translates from Latin as "senile". All the wisdom of the 65-year-old writer was embodied in these works. "Russian language" wrote a poem one of the last, and it was located in the publication of the last.

Literary direction and genre

The realist writer Turgenev defined the genre of these small works, which did not even immediately form into a cycle, as "poems without rhyme and meter." He explained to Stasyulevich that such works are like sketches or sketches from nature, which the artist writes before creating a large picture. But researchers agree that Turgenev was cunning and was not going to write novels on these subjects. In addition, many poems in prose are plotless, like "Russian language".

Theme, main idea and composition

If Turgenev called all the poems in prose in a letter to Stasyulevich the last heavy sighs of the old man, then “Russian Language” is his bitterest sigh. "Poems in prose" - the writer's farewell to life, homeland and creativity. In recent years, Turgenev spent winters in Paris, and for the summer he moved to Bougival near Paris, where the Viardot estate was located. He often came to Russia, but he could look at the events taking place in his homeland from the outside.

In March 1881, an attempt was made on the life of Tsar Alexander II, which ended in his death. After this event, there was a reaction in Russia. Alexander III canceled the constitutional reform. All departments were obliged to comply with the orders of the chief of security. Not only revolutionary, but also liberal publications were closed, and the most severe censorship was introduced. The hope for any democratic transformation has disappeared.

The poem "Russian language" - the writer's feelings about the events in his homeland. Turning to language, Turgenev pointed out the role of language in human life, which has not yet been discussed. The native language is the core that helps to survive adversity at a time when there is no one close, no family, no compatriots, when you yourself are far from your homeland and do not hear your native language. The native language is all the generations of people who speak it, all their thoughts and feelings, aspirations, all works of literature in this language. Every Russian feels himself to be a part of current and past generations. This is Turgenev's hope.

The theme of the poem is the role of the Russian language in the life of a Russian person. The main idea: the Russian language has absorbed all the wisdom of a great people, it is the last hope and support of anyone who speaks it. The poem fully reflects the richness of Turgenev's thought. This is a single aphoristic expression. Stasyulevich called 5 lines of the poem golden lines, more capacious than a whole treatise.

Paths and images

The main trope of the poem is personification. The language for the lyrical hero, who in the poem is close to the author, is a living native being, a friend who is needed.

In the poem, negative nouns and epithets are contrasted with positive ones: doubts and painful thoughts, despair - support and support (metaphors). Arranging epithets in ascending order of value for himself personally, Turgenev uses gradation. great and powerful are almost synonymous. The power of language lies in the impact it can have. epithets true and free are also interconnected. The freedom of language, like that of a person, lies precisely in the ability to speak the truth.

Only the language helps the lyrical hero survive the reaction taking place in his homeland. The use of a synonym for the word homeland ( Houses) conveys the lyrical hero's perception of all of Russia as his own home, which you care about. In the last sentence of the epithet great(people) corresponds to the pronoun such(language). The pronoun replaces the four epithets listed in the first sentence.

To create an artistic image, the syntax of a poem in prose is important. The poem consists of three sentences, the first sentence is simple common, the second non-union. Turgenev strives for a short and aphoristic statement. The last complex sentence with its syntactic construction perplexes the modern reader. The idea is understandable, but expressed strangely. Indeed, Turgenev uses gallicism, a construction characteristic of the French language. In Russian, there is a double negation, which is not in French. For the Russian reader, it would be necessary to add the second not: But you can't help but believe it. This double negative replaces the affirmation: you can believe. Negation in the second part of the sentence: was not given It's just a figure of speech. The last sentence means the following: one can believe that the Russian language was given to a great people. Numerous not- this is an attempt to persuade opponents, those who doubt the greatness of the people, and hence the language.

• "To the Young Poet", analysis of Bryusov's poem

In days of doubt, in days of painful reflections on the fate of my homeland, you alone are my support and support, O great, powerful, truthful and free Russian language! Without you - how not to fall into despair at the sight of everything that happens at home? But one cannot believe that such a language was not given to a great people!

Analysis of the poem in prose "Russian language" by Turgenev

I. Turgenev was a truly Russian writer, deeply worried about the fate of his homeland. In his works, he boldly and truthfully expressed his sincere views and beliefs. Turgenev did not embellish Russian reality and did not hide its pressing problems. For too harsh statements, he was punished in the form of exile, and was subsequently forced to go abroad. But even far from the Motherland, he constantly turned to her in his work, shared her pain and despair. A striking example of Turgenev's patriotism is the prose poem "The Russian Language" (1882).

It is no coincidence that Turgenev chooses the Russian language as the theme of the work. Only being in a foreign land, he understands the importance and significance of this powerful element of national identity. The writer was cut off from the Russian environment, but thanks to the language he continued to feel his inextricable connection with it. After all, with the help of language, a person does not only pronounce words. It is much more important that people think in their own language, that is, they clothe thoughts in specific lexical units. For example, an important condition for the complete mastery of a foreign language is the moment when a person is able not only to speak, but also to think in it.

Turgenev claims that only the Russian language remained his only support and support abroad. The writer took all significant events in Russia very close to his heart. Some led him to despair, but he believed that the Russian language remained the main means of saving the long-suffering people.

"Great and mighty" is a phrase that is often used to mock the fate of Russia. But behind her pathos hides true pride in her language. The Russian language is one of the richest and most complex on the planet. Residents of Russia and border states, assimilating it from childhood, do not understand the significance of such an easy and accessible study. The Russian language has evolved over the centuries. It has amazing flexibility and variety of word formation. The amazing ability of our language is the borrowing and rapid processing of foreign words without harming ourselves. Russian high society for a long time spoke exclusively in French. Foreign languages ​​were studied by children first, to the detriment of their native language. But this did not affect the Russian language in any way. The ability to self-preservation and self-purification helped the Russian language to remain pure and not undergo significant changes.

Turgenev was absolutely sure that, despite poverty and squalor, a great future awaited Russia. Language is a direct expression of the national spirit. The Russian language is a well-deserved highest gift to a great people.

Subject: Poem in prose by I. S. Turgenev "Russian language"

Class: 7

Teacher : Lyubov Valentinovna Naidanova

Goals:

educational: the formation of students' ideas about the features of poems in prose;

formation of skills of linguistic analysis of the text.

developing: development of communicative competence of students;

development of analytical skills and abilities;

development of creative abilities of students.

educators: fostering interest in literature, in the work of Turgenev;

education of moral qualities of students.

Interdisciplinary connections: Russian language - literature - history

Equipment : writing on the board, stand, literature textbook

During the classes:

Organizational moment.

Teacher's word.

Turgenev as a writer has always been characterized by a lyrical experience. In the late 70s, it resulted in small lyrical miniatures, as a result of reflections on life, death, love, beauty. Poems in prose were written by Turgenev abroad in the last years of his life, they reflected the writer himself, his delightful mind, worldview and the inescapable sorrow of a lonely and homeless person.

Turgenev did not expect that his poems would be accepted by the public and called them "materials, sketches." But contemporaries appreciated his creations, calling them "a kaleidoscope made up of diamonds of various sizes and quality."

These are the diamonds that our lesson will be devoted to. And we will work with one of the most famous miniatures, which is called "Russian language".

Reading a poem by heart.

Epigraph work.

“Turgenev sang such a hymn to the Russian language that he will live as long as the Russian language lives, that means always.”

K. Balmont

- Guys, do you agree that this poem can be considered a hymn to the Russian language?

5. Definition of genre.

Turgenev was looking for a name for his artistic miniatures for quite a long time. At first he titled them as "Posthumous", having no intention of publishing them during his lifetime. Then the name "Starikovskoe" appeared. And only in September 1882, Turgenev finally settled on the title "Poems in Prose".

Poems in prose ... An unusual, amazing, beautiful phenomenon.

- What is unusual about this name?

Introduction of the concept of OXYMORON.

- Guys, let's define how a lyric poem differs from prose?

What brings them closer?

There are no rhymes, the poetic meter is not maintained, but we feel the musicality of the speech, conveying the moods, feelings, state of mind of the author.

Note the musicality of Turgenev himself.

Turgenev himself did not know pleasure higher than music. He had an extraordinary ear for music.

Conclusion: Before us is a farewell song of love for a sweet, dear and at the same time distant Motherland.

Guys, lyrics can be landscape, love, philosophical, civil.

What type of poetry do you think this poem belongs to? Why?

6. Analysis of expressive means.

Let's see what language means the author uses to express his main idea, the idea of ​​the unity of language and people.

Phonetics.

We noted that one of the signs of a lyric poem is its musicality. And music is sounds. Let's define their role.

(Oh, A, U) - sadness, pain, longing (doubt, reflection, despair )

(Oh!) - solemnity, delight (support, support, homeland)

(R, L, M, N, Y) - hope, joy, life.

Conclusion: The meaning is also conveyed with the help of phonetics, through the use of vowels and voiced consonants.

Trails.

- What are trails? Their role in the text?

Epithets. Painful thoughts - mental state of the lyrical hero.Great, mighty, ... tongue- evaluation, characterization of the language.

To sing a hymn, to say a reverent word, to express his feelings, the author uses epithets.

There is also a METAPHOR in this text -support and support with its help the author expresses his attitude to the language. It was the language that became support and support for several years of living abroad. It was he who, in difficult moments, warmed, gave strength to live, create, not lose heart.

- Guys, why do you think the author uses the epithet "great" twice in such a small text?

It is no coincidence that in order to show the greatness of the language and the people - one of the main ideas of the work.

7. Vocabulary.

Paint over with a blue pencil the words in which the negative emotions of the lyrical hero are expressed, and with green - the words with a positive emotional coloring.

Name the words with "-" emotional coloring. How do you understand their meaning?

doubt - insecurity, lack of faith

painful - difficult, burdensome

despair- hopelessness, desperation

- What feelings does the lyrical hero experience at the beginning of the poem? What are they caused by?

Here is not only gratitude, but also reflection on the future of their country, on the fate of their Fatherland. This is indicated by the use of the word FATE.“In days of doubt, in days of painful reflections about the fate of my homeland, you are my only support and support, O great, powerful, truthful and free Russian language!”

The fate of people, the fate of the motherland, the fate of the state. The lyrical hero reflects on what happened in Russia, and this reflection is painful.

History reference (student post).

-What qualities of the Russian language cause admiration of the lyrical hero? How do you understand the meaning of these epithets?

great - outstanding

mighty - powerful, strong

truthful - telling the truth

free - liberated

8. Syntax.

-Guys, look, the text consists of three sentences, where each is formalized intonation. What does it say? When do we use these signs?

1 offer - exclamatory, it means that what was said does not leave the author indifferent, causing strong feelings.

- What punctuation marks does Turgenev use in this sentence? Their function?

The dash divides the sentence into two parts: with "-" and "+" emotional coloring. But one dash was not enough for Turgenev, he also put a comma.

Conclusion: The use of a dash and a comma is necessary to enhance emotionality, and a long pause indicates the strength of feelings.

2 offer - interrogative. Makes you think about the attitude to the motherland, to the Russian language. Here the feeling of hopelessness, hopelessness experienced by the lyrical hero is conveyed, colored in blue.

3 offer - exclamatory. The last sentence is more emotionally saturated, because it contains an idea and a conclusion.

- Let's see how the last sentence compares with the previous ones.

9. Work with the scheme.

The author observes what is happening at home - The author reflects on the future fate of the Fatherland - These reflections are difficult, accompanied by doubts - the author is ready to fall into despair - But the Russian language serves as support and support for him - The Russian language is great, powerful, free - ....

Teacher's word.

The connection between the destinies of the Russian language and the people was noted more than once by Turgenev. So, in one letter, he wrote about the Russian language: “... for expressing many and the best thoughts - it is surprisingly good in its honest simplicity and free power. Strange affair! These four qualities - honesty, simplicity, freedom and strength - are not among the people, but they are in the language ... So, they will be among the people. For this very reason, I believe that the people who have developed such a language should have a wonderful future.

- What connection does Turgenev see between the fate of the people and the Russian language?

The people who developed such a language should have a great future(writing on the board and in a notebook ).

10. Results. Homework.

Write your own word about the Russian language.

Russian language
In days of doubt, in days of painful reflections on the fate of my homeland, you alone are my support and support, O great, powerful, truthful and free Russian language! Without you - how not to fall into despair at the sight of everything that happens at home? But one cannot believe that such a language was not given to a great people!
I.S. Turgenev

***
Take care of our language, our beautiful Russian language is a treasure, it is a property handed down to us by our predecessors! Treat this mighty weapon with respect; in the hands of the skilful, it is able to perform miracles.
I.S. Turgenev

***
The Russian language in skillful hands and experienced lips is beautiful, melodious, expressive, flexible, obedient, dexterous and roomy.
A.I. Kuprin

***
Language is the history of the people. Language is the way of civilization and culture. Therefore, the study and preservation of the Russian language is not an idle occupation with nothing to do, but an urgent need.
A. Kuprin

***
Russian language! For thousands of years the people have been creating this flexible, magnificent, inexhaustibly rich, intelligent poetic ... an instrument of their social life, their thoughts, their feelings, their hopes, their anger, their great future ... The people weaved an invisible web of the Russian language with a wondrous ligature: bright as a rainbow after the spring rain , as well-aimed as arrows, sincere as a song over a cradle, melodious ... The dense world, on which he threw the magic net of the word, submitted to him like a curbed horse.
A.N. Tolstoy

***
To treat language somehow means to think somehow: inaccurately, approximately, incorrectly.
A.N. Tolstoy

***
It's not scary to lie dead under the bullets,
It is not bitter to be homeless, -
And we will save you, Russian speech,
Great Russian word.
We will carry you free and clean,
And we will give grandchildren, and we will save from captivity,
Forever.
A.A. Akhmatova

***
There are no such sounds, colors, images and thoughts - complex and simple - for which there would be no exact expression in our language.
… You can do wonders with the Russian language!
K.G. Paustovsky

***
The Russian language is inexhaustibly rich, and everything is enriched with astonishing speed.
Maksim Gorky

***
You marvel at the treasures of our language: every sound is a gift; everything is granular, large, like pearls themselves, and really, another name is more precious than the thing itself.
N.V. Gogol

***
There is no word that would be so bold, brisk, so bursting out from under the very heart, so seething and vibrant, as aptly said Russian word.
N. Gogol

***
The Russian language is a language created for poetry, it is unusually rich and remarkable mainly for its subtlety of shades. - P.Merime

***
Language
Touch with reverence
To what you are armed
Create light and get drunk
Boundless Russian language

Airy, juicy, tasty,
Severe and gentle, many-sided,
Skilled in all melodies
Our amazing language.

It suits him and the term is narrow,
And an interjectional sigh, and a cry,
Be proud that you understand Russian,
Try to get deep.

It's funny and sad to hear, right,
Like Elochek and Fimok army
To overseas "ings", "shn" and "wow"
They want to press him, groaning.
Sergei Skachko

***
I want to write in Russian
Everything I think, feel and see
What I love and hate in life
While the pen is still in my hand.

Should I pass the steps of centuries,
Lusting for the whole truth about Russia?
How much can I lift
From the time that sleeps under a bushel of words?

But I am a historian. I will not turn back.
Not knowing the deadlines drawn for me,
Over the homeland, departed from the origins,
I will unfold the wings of the annals.

And navigating the ship of my soul
Through the reefs of unrest, violence and anarchy,
I dare to believe that I will take part
In the coming enlightenment of kings.

I want to tell the people of this land
How the ancestors sinned and created,
So that we all do not forget those lessons
And with God in our hearts we went into the future!
Igor Zhelnov

***
Our language is sweet, pure, and magnificent, and rich;
But sparingly we bring a good warehouse into it;
So that we do not disgrace him with ignorance,
We need to fix our entire warehouse at least a little.
A. Sumarokov

***
What a sweet poison
circles, sticks, dashes -
drive them left and right
under the rustle of dates on the calendar.

Each letter has a bell
desert world icon,
so that the heart - this shepherd of lines -
they were distinguished from each other.

When Cyrillic chickens
they will run like a paper meadow,
the soul is not so big a price
for this captivity, for this work.

Bring together the disparate parts
all thirty sounds of the dictionary
in one line - what happiness! -
and all thanks to you.

How glad is the silent hermit
palms of warm rain,
so is the poet: he sits, happy,
translating himself into poetry.
Evgeny Tishchenko

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