Ural Military Real School Director Shaposhnikov. Victory Marshal's Choice

B. M. Shaposhnikov made a significant contribution to the theory and practice of building the Armed Forces of the USSR, to their strengthening and improvement, and the training of military personnel. He worked hard and successfully on the development of military science, on the generalization of the combat experience of the First World War and the Civil War. Participated in the commission for the development of the statutes of the Red Army, reflecting in them the main provisions of the military doctrine of the USSR. In the most famous work “The Brain of the Army”, he defined the main provisions about the nature of the future war, deeply revealed the features of the leadership of the army in the war and gave a clear idea of ​​the role, functions and structure of the General Staff as the body of the Supreme High Command for the management of the Armed Forces. The correctness of his conclusions was confirmed by the Great Patriotic War. B. M. Shaposhnikov is noted in military history as an outstanding military theorist, a talented practitioner, who is well versed in operational-strategic issues. However, Shaposhnikov borrowed the very name "The Brain of the Army" from the English journalist and military theorist of the late 19th - early 20th century Spencer Wilkinson.

I. V. Stalin enjoyed great respect. Boris Mikhailovich was one of the few whom Stalin addressed by name and patronymic, and not "comrade Shaposhnikov", as to the absolute majority of the leaders of the country and the army [ ] . Since the late 1930s, he was one of the main advisers to I.V. Stalin on military issues.

In August 1917, he held the position of and. D. Chief of Staff of the Turkestan Division. In the rank of lieutenant colonel, seniority was established from December 6, 1912. In September 1917, B. M. Shaposhnikov was promoted to the rank of colonel and was appointed commander of the 16th Mingrelian Grenadier Regiment.

He took part in the development of a plan to defeat Denikin's troops in October 1919. One of the authors of the plans for the campaigns of 1920 on the South-Western, Western fronts and in the Crimea.

After the end of the Civil War, from 1921 - 1st Assistant Chief of Staff of the Red Army. In -1927 - the commander of the troops of the Leningrad, since May 1927 - the Moscow military districts. In -1931 - Chief of Staff of the Red Army. In 1930 he joined the CPSU (b). From July 1931 - Commander of the Volga Military District. In -1935 - chief, military commissar and professor of the Military Academy named after M.V. Frunze.

Death

The marshal's body was cremated, the ashes were placed in an urn in the Kremlin wall on Red Square in Moscow.

From the order of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief Marshal of the Soviet Union I. Stalin:

At the hour of the burial of Marshal of the Soviet Union Shaposhnikov, to give the deceased the last military honor and fire a salute in the capital of our Motherland, Moscow, in twenty-four volleys from one hundred and twenty-four guns.

B. M. Shaposhnikov became the only Marshal of the Soviet Union who retired from the armed forces of the USSR during the Great Patriotic War.

Family

Wife - Shaposhnikova, Maria Alexandrovna (nee Vyukova) (-) - Soloist of the Bolshoi Theater (soprano) from 1930 to 1948. Repertoire: The Snow Maiden (lad), Lakme (Ellen), The Queen of Spades (Prilepa), Mermaid (Olga), Rigoletto (Gilda), The Barber of Seville (Rozina), Bohemia ( Musetta), "Eugene Onegin" (Tatiana), "Four Despots" (Lucetta), "The Wedding of Figaro" (Suzanne), "Prince Igor" (Polovtsian girl).

Estimates of contemporaries

We were destined to work together for a long time. Few people have had such a strong influence on me and given me as much as he did. The name of this extraordinary person is inextricably linked with the heroic history of our Armed Forces, the construction of which he gave twenty-seven years of his life. A talented military theorist and publicist, a scientist of exceptional erudition, whose deep generalizations in the field of military strategy and operational art were famous not only in the Soviet Union, but also abroad.

• V. M. Molotov, 1978:

Marshal Shaposhnikov is a good man. Stalin treated him well. He is one of the royal officers. But it is only thanks to Lenin's understanding of the moment in history that we have taken such positions at the present time that no one, no Shaposhnikov, could do. But he was not interested in politics. He was strong in his work.

It was my duty to report systematically (on the situation in Iran) to B.M. Shaposhnikov. Boris Mikhailovich was a charming man and treated young colonels like me with truly paternal warmth. If something went wrong with us, he did not scold, did not even raise his voice, but only asked reproachfully:

What are you, dove?

From such a question, we were ready to fall through the ground, we remembered our mistakes for a long time and never repeated them. Once I was summoned to Shaposhnikov well after midnight. Boris Mikhailovich was sitting at the table in a white shirt, with suspenders on his shoulders. The tunic hung on a chair.

Sit down, my dear, - he invited quite at home. We finished our business relatively quickly, but the Chief of the General Staff was in no hurry to let me go. His mood at that time was especially good, and, looking through the map, he suddenly began to recall how he himself had once served in Central Asia. Boris Mikhailovich knew from memory the peculiarities of the local operational areas, he perfectly remembered the area.

Soviet military leader, military theorist, Marshal of the Soviet Union (1940), chief of the General Staff of the Red Army in 1937-1940 and in 1941-1942.

Boris Mikhailovich Shaposhnikov was born on September 20 (October 2), 1882 in the county town of the Ufa province (now in) in the family of Mikhail Petrovich Shaposhnikov (1837-1912), a private employee.

Since 1893, B. M. Shaposhnikov studied at the Krasnoufimsk Industrial School, in 1899 he graduated from the Perm Real School. In 1901-1903, he studied at the Moscow Alekseevsky Military School, from which he graduated in the first category and began officer service in the 1st Turkestan Infantry Battalion. In 1907-1910, B. M. Shaposhnikov studied at the Nikolaev Academy of the General Staff. Upon graduation, for "excellent achievements in the sciences" he was promoted to staff captain and continued to serve in the army.

Since August 1914, B. M. Shaposhnikov participated in the First World War as an adjutant of the headquarters of the 14th cavalry division, showed a good knowledge of tactics, and showed personal courage. For active participation in the battles of the Galician battle (1914), he was awarded the orders of St. Vladimir 4th degree, St. Anna 4th and 3rd degree and St. Stanislav 3rd degree. After the February Revolution of 1917, the future marshal became the commander of the 16th Mingrelian Grenadier Regiment, in December 1917, at the Congress of Delegates of the Military Revolutionary Committees, he was elected head of the Caucasian Grenadier Division.

In March 1918, B. M. Shaposhnikov was demobilized, two months later he voluntarily joined the Red Army. He served as Assistant Chief of the Operational Directorate of the Supreme Military Council. During the Civil War, B. M. Shaposhnikov developed all the main directives, orders, orders to the fronts and armies, and in 1921 he was awarded the Order of the Red Banner.

In 1921-1925, B. M. Shaposhnikov was the first assistant to the chief of staff of the Red Army. In 1925-1927 he commanded the troops of the Leningrad, in 1927-1928 - the Moscow military districts. In 1928-1931 he was chief of staff of the Red Army. In 1930 he was admitted to the CPSU (b) without a candidate experience.

In 1931-1932, B. M. Shaposhnikov commanded the troops of the Volga Military District, in 1932-1935 he was the head and military commissar of the Military Academy. . In 1935-1937 he commanded the troops of the Leningrad Military District.

In 1937-1940, B. M. Shaposhnikov served as Chief of the General Staff and Deputy People's Commissar of Defense. At the XVIII Congress of the CPSU (b) in 1939, he was elected a candidate member of the Central Committee. In 1940, B. M. Shaposhnikov was awarded the title of Marshal of the Soviet Union. From August 1940 to July 1941 he was Deputy People's Commissar of Defense. During the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945 in July 1941 - May 1942, he was again the chief of the General Staff, from May 1942 to June 1943 he served as deputy people's commissar of defense, in 1943-1945 he was head of the Higher Military Academy. .

B. M. Shaposhnikov was elected a member of the CEC of the 5th and 7th convocations, as well as a deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of the 1st convocation.

Marshal was awarded three orders, two orders of the Red Banner, an order of the 1st degree, two orders of the Red Star.

B. M. Shaposhnikov was the greatest military theorist of the USSR. He worked hard and successfully to strengthen and improve the Red Army, especially its apparatus of strategic and operational leadership. Summarizing the combat experience of the Civil War of 1918-1920, he published the works Cavalry (1923) and On the Vistula (1924). At the same time, he did a lot of work in the commission for the development of charters. In the fundamental work “The Brain of the Army” (vols. 1-3, 1927-1929), B. M. Shaposhnikov formulated the main provisions on the nature of the future military conflict based on the experience of the First World War and showed the features of the leadership of modern warfare. In his works, he gave a clear idea of ​​the role, functions and structure of the General Staff as an organ of the Supreme High Command for command and control of the armed forces. The marshal was highly respected

Source - Wikipedia

Shaposhnikov Boris Mikhailovich (September 20, 1882, Zlatoust, Ufa province, Russian Empire - March 26, 1945, Moscow, USSR) - Marshal of the Soviet Union, Soviet military and statesman, military theorist.
B. M. Shaposhnikov made a significant contribution to the theory and practice of organizational development of the Armed Forces of the USSR, to their strengthening and improvement, and to the training of military personnel. He worked hard and successfully on the development of military science, on the generalization of the combat experience of the First World War and the Civil War. He participated in the commission for the development of charters, reflecting in them the main provisions of the military doctrine of the USSR. In the most famous work, “The Brain of the Army”, he defined the main provisions about the nature of the future war, deeply revealed the features of the leadership of the army in the war and gave a clear idea of ​​the role, functions and structure of the General Staff as the body of the Supreme High Command for the management of the Armed Forces. The Great Patriotic War confirmed the correctness of his conclusions. B. M. Shaposhnikov is noted in military history as an outstanding military theorist, a talented practitioner, who is well versed in operational-strategic issues.
I. V. Stalin enjoyed great respect. Boris Mikhailovich (along with K.K. Rokossovsky) was one of the few whom he addressed by name and patronymic, and not “comrade Shaposhnikov”, as to the rest of the leaders of the country and the army. Since the late 1930s, he was one of the main advisers to I.V. Stalin on military issues.
The only Marshal of the Soviet Union who retired from the armed forces of the USSR during the Great Patriotic War (due to death from illness).

Born into a family of employees. Father, Mikhail Petrovich (d. 1912), served as a private hire; mother, Pelageya Kuzminichna, worked as a teacher. B. M. Shaposhnikov studied at the Krasnoufimsk industrial and Perm real schools.

In 1901-1903, B. M. Shaposhnikov studied at the Moscow Alekseevsky Military School, from which he graduated in the 1st category and was promoted to the rank of second lieutenant. He began his service in the 1st Turkestan Rifle Battalion in Tashkent, in 1903-1907 he commanded a half company there.
In 1907-1910 he studied at the Academy of the General Staff (Imperial Nikolaev Military Academy). Promoted to staff captain. After graduating from the academy, he continued his service in Tashkent, where in 1910-1912 he commanded a company. In 1912 he was transferred as a senior adjutant of the headquarters of the 14th Cavalry Division to Czestochowa.
Since August 1914, he participated in the First World War as an adjutant of the headquarters of the 14th Cavalry Division (14 AK) on the Western Front, showed a good knowledge of tactics, and showed personal courage. In October 1914 he was shell-shocked in the head. In January - November 1915 - assistant to the senior adjutant of the intelligence department of the headquarters of the 12th Army on the North-Western Front. In November 1915 - May 1916 - Chief of Staff of the Separate Consolidated Cossack Brigade. For military merit in 1916 he was awarded the Highest Benevolence.
In the rank of lieutenant colonel, seniority from December 6, 1912. In September 1917, B. M. Shaposhnikov was promoted to the rank of colonel and appointed commander of the Mingrelian Grenadier Regiment.
In November 1917, at the congress of delegates of the military revolutionary committees, he was elected head of the Caucasian Grenadier Division. In January - March 1918 he was in the hospital.

In March 1918, B. M. Shaposhnikov was demobilized and 2 months later, on May 22, he voluntarily joined the Red Army. From May 22, he was assistant chief of the Operations Directorate of the headquarters of the Supreme Military Council. From September 7 to the end of October 1918 - head of the intelligence department of the RVSR Headquarters. Since September 30 - in the Military Department of the Higher Military Inspectorate of the Red Army. Since March 4, 1919 - the first assistant to the chief of staff of the People's Commissariat for Military Affairs of the Ukrainian SSR. From August 15, 1919 - head of the Intelligence Department, and from October 12 - head of the Operational Directorate of the Field Headquarters of the Revolutionary Military Council of the Republic.
He took part in the development of a plan to defeat Denikin's troops in October 1919. (See Denikin: the period of the defeat of the VSYUR) One of the authors of the plans for the campaigns of 1920 on the Southwestern, Western fronts and in the Crimea.
During the Civil War, Shaposhnikov developed most of the main directives, orders, orders to the fronts and armies. In 1921 he was awarded the Order of the Red Banner.
After the end of the Civil War, from 1921 - 1st Assistant Chief of Staff of the Red Army. In 1925-1927 he was the commander of the troops of the Leningrad, since May 1927 - the Moscow military districts. In 1928-1931 - Chief of Staff of the Red Army. In 1930 he joined the CPSU(b). From July 1931 - Commander of the Volga Military District. In 1932-1935 - chief, military commissar and professor of the Military Academy named after M.V. Frunze.

In 1935-1937, he again commanded the troops of the Leningrad Military District, receiving the rank of commander of the 1st rank on November 20, 1935. From May 10, 1937 - Chief of the General Staff of the Red Army. May 7, 1940 Shaposhnikov was awarded the title of Marshal of the Soviet Union. In August 1940, for health reasons, he was removed from the post of Chief of the General Staff and appointed Deputy People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR for the construction of fortified areas (UR). From September 10, 1939 to April 9, 1941, he was a member of the Defense Committee under the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR.
In 1937-1945 he was a deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of the 1st convocation from the Moscow region. Previously a member of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR. In June 1937 he was a member of the Special Judicial Presence, which condemned to death M. N. Tukhachevsky, I. E. Yakir, I. P. Uborevich and others. Candidate member of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks since March 21, 1939.
With the beginning of the Great Patriotic War - from June 23 to July 16, 1941 in the Evacuation Council under the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR. Since July 10, a member of the Headquarters of the Supreme High Command. From July 21 to July 30, 1941, Chief of Staff of the Commander-in-Chief of the Western Direction. On July 29, he was again appointed Chief of the General Staff of the Red Army. With his direct participation, proposals were developed for the preparation and conduct of the counteroffensive of the Red Army in the winter of 1941-1942. He was removed from the post of Chief of the General Staff of the Red Army on May 11, 1942 after the defeat of the Crimean Front near Kerch, in this position he was replaced by A. M. Vasilevsky.
From May 1942 to June 1943 - Deputy People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR. In June 1943 he was appointed head of the Military Academy of the General Staff.
He died of a serious illness, not having lived 44 days before the Victory. After his death in 1945, he was cremated, the ashes were placed in an urn in the Kremlin wall on Red Square in Moscow. Formally, he is the only Marshal of the Soviet Union lost during the Great Patriotic War.
Wife - Maria Alexandrovna, son - Igor (lieutenant general of the engineering troops).

Awards
Russian empire
Order of St. Anne 4th degree (10/26/1914)
Order of St. Vladimir 4th degree with swords and a bow (11/02/1914)
Order of Saint Anne 3rd class with swords and bow (1915)
Order of St. Stanislaus 3rd class with swords and bow (07/22/1916)
Order of St. Anna 2nd class with swords (11/01/1916)

the USSR
3 Orders of Lenin (31.12.1939, 03.10.1942, 21.02.1945)
2 Orders of the Red Banner (10/14/1921, 11/03/1944)
Order of Suvorov, 1st class (02/22/1944)
2 Orders of the Red Star (01/15/1934, 02/22/1938)
Medal "XX Years of the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army" (22.02.1938)
Medal "For the Defense of Moscow" (05/01/1944)

Compositions
Cavalry: Cavalry Essays. Supreme Military Editorial Council. 1922.
On the Vistula: On the History of the 1920 Campaign. Moscow: Military Publishing House, 1924.
Warsaw operation. 1933.
Battle for Moscow. Moscow Operation of the Western Front November 16, 1941 - January 31, 1942
Memoirs - military-scientific works. - M., 1974.
Articles in the journal "Military Affairs".
army brain

Private bussiness

Boris Mikhailovich Shaposhnikov (1882-1945) was born in Zlatoust, Ufa province (now Chelyabinsk region). His father was a distillery manager, then a warehouse manager. Mother worked as a teacher.

He graduated from the Krasnoufimsk Industrial School, and in 1899 - the Perm Real School.

After that, he decided to enter the junker, but missed the exams due to illness. For nine months he worked in a wine warehouse as a junior clerk, and after that he entered the Alekseevsky Military School in Moscow. After graduating in 1903, he was enrolled as a second lieutenant in the 1st Turkestan rifle battalion in Tashkent, commanded a half company there until 1907. Then he studied at the Imperial Military Academy in St. Petersburg. After graduation in 1910, he returned to Tashkent, where he commanded a company.

Boris Shaposhnikov. 1915

In December 1912, he was transferred as a senior adjutant of the 14th Cavalry Division to Czestochowa (now the Silesian Voivodeship in Poland). Since August 1914, he participated in the First World War, fought on the Western Front, where he showed courage and showed a good knowledge of tactics.

In October 1914 he received a concussion in the head. From 1915 he served in the intelligence department of the headquarters of the 12th Army. Then he headed the headquarters of the Separate Consolidated Cossack Brigade.

In September 1917 he received the rank of colonel and was appointed commander of the 16th Mingrelian Grenadier Regiment stationed in Tiflis. At the request of the soldiers' committees, he removed several officers and non-commissioned officers of the regiment. In November 1917, at the congress of delegates of the military revolutionary committees, he was elected head of the Caucasian 13th Grenadier Division. At the beginning of 1918, he fell seriously ill and ended up in the hospital. After being discharged, he worked for a short time in Kazan as a secretary of the people's court.

In May 1918, he joined the Red Army and was appointed assistant head of a department at the headquarters of the Revolutionary Military Council of the Republic (RVSR). Then he served as the head of the intelligence department of the field headquarters and in other positions in the RVSR.

In 1921-1925 he was the first assistant to the chief of staff of the Red Army, transformed from the RVSR.

In May 1925 he became deputy commander, and in October - commander of the troops of the Leningrad Military District.

From May 1927 to May 1928 he commanded the troops of the Moscow Military District.

In May 1928 - April 1931 he was Chief of Staff of the Red Army. Then during the year he commanded the troops of the Volga Military District.

In 1932-1935 he was the head and military commissar of the M.V. Frunze Military Academy. In September 1935, he was again appointed to command the troops of the Leningrad Military District.

In 1937 he was elected a deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR from the Moscow region. In May of the same year, he was appointed Chief of the General Staff and Deputy People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR.

In 1939 he was elected a candidate member of the Central Committee of the CPSU (b). In May 1940 he received the rank of Marshal of the Soviet Union.

In August 1940, he was removed from the post of chief of the General Staff of the Red Army for health reasons, served as deputy people's commissar of defense for the construction of fortified areas. In June 1941, he was appointed permanent adviser at the headquarters of the army's main command.

With the beginning of the Great Patriotic War in June-July 1941, he was a member of the evacuation council under the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR. In July 1941, he was included in the Headquarters of the Army High Command and was again appointed Chief of the General Staff. Participated in the development of the counteroffensive in the winter of 1941-1942. After the defeat of the Soviet troops near Kerch in May 1942, he was removed from the leadership of the General Staff.

In May 1942 - June 1943 - Deputy People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR. In June 1943, he was appointed head of the Higher Military Academy named after K. E. Voroshilov (now the Academy of the General Staff of Russia).

On March 26, 1945, he died of tuberculosis (according to other sources, from stomach cancer) in Moscow. On March 28, the urn with the ashes of the commander was placed in the Kremlin wall.

Shaposhnikov was survived by his widow Maria Alexandrovna, a soloist of the Bolshoi Theater, and his son, Igor Borisovich (1919-1991), later a lieutenant general of the engineering troops, deputy head of the department of the Military Academy of the General Staff of the USSR.

What is famous

Boris Shaposhnikov stood at the origins of the Red Army. He was an outstanding military theorist, a talented commander who knew the strategy of the First World War and the Civil War well. Participated in the development of army regulations, which reflected the main provisions of the military doctrine of the USSR. His most famous work - "The Brain of the Army" - is devoted to the analysis of the characteristics of the leadership of the armed forces, as well as the structure and functions of the General Staff.

He enjoyed great respect from Stalin, since the late 1930s he was one of the main advisers to the Soviet leader on military issues.

What you need to know

According to the daughter-in-law of Marshal Slava Shaposhnikova, he was a pious person and did not hide it. “Stalin really knew that the Chief of the General Staff was a deeply religious person,” she recounted the stories of her husband, Igor Shaposhnikov. - Iosif Vissarionovich also knew that Boris Mikhailovich never took off an old wearable amulet with a very ancient Cossack icon, which was almost 200 years old. It was passed down in the Shaposhnikov family, who descended from the Don Cossacks, from generation to generation - from father to son. Boris Mikhailovich was given it by his mother. And being already a general, under Soviet rule, he always wore it on his chest. Even under Stalin. It was precisely because Shaposhnikov never hid his faith that Iosif Vissarionovich respected him - he never said a word against the faith of Boris Mikhailovich.

According to her testimony, in the morning Shaposhnikov prayed with the words: "Lord, save my Motherland and the Russian people." He bequeathed the same to his son.

SHAPOSHNIKOV Boris Mikhailovich
Marshal of the Soviet Union

Shaposhnikov was born on September 20, 1882 in the county town of Zlatoust.
Until the age of 11, Boris was brought up by his grandmother. He graduated from the Krasnoufimsk industrial school, and in 1899, after graduating from the Perm real school, he received a matriculation certificate. In 1901, Shaposhnikov entered the Moscow Alekseevsky Military School as a cadet in the 2nd company. On October 20, 1902, cadet Boris Shaposhnikov was awarded the rank of army non-commissioned officer. On August 10, 1903, Shaposhnikov was promoted to second lieutenant and appointed commander of a half company in the First Turkestan Rifle Battalion in Tashkent.

November 20, 1906 Shaposhnikov was awarded the rank of lieutenant. In 1907, Shaposhnikov successfully passed the exams to the Academy of the General Staff and on October 16 he was admitted to the junior course. In 1910, Shaposhnikov graduated from the Imperial Nikolaev Military Academy and, for excellent success, was promoted to staff captain, and was assigned to the Academy of the General Staff. He returned to the Turkestan military district, returned to his regiment and took command of a company.

On November 26, 1912, Shaposhnikov was transferred to the General Staff with the appointment of senior adjutant of the headquarters of the 14th Cavalry Division in the city of Czestochowa, a four-hour drive from Warsaw. December 6, 1912 Shaposhnikov was awarded the rank of captain.

At the beginning of the First World War, in August and September 1914, the 14th Cavalry Division, in whose headquarters Shaposhnikov served, participated in the Battle of Galicia. For active participation in the battles of the Galician battle, Shaposhnikov was awarded the Order of Vladimir 4th degree, the Order of Anna 4th and 3rd degree and Stanislav 3rd degree. By this time, he had gained combat experience and deep skills in operational staff work.

In January 1915, Captain Shaposhnikov became an assistant to the senior adjutant of the intelligence department of the headquarters of the 12th Army of the North-Western Front. In November, Shaposhnikov was appointed chief of staff of the Separate Consolidated Cossack Brigade, and in December he was promoted to the rank of lieutenant colonel. In May 1916, Shaposhnikov was promoted and appointed chief of staff of the 2nd Turkestan division.

Shaposhnikov met the February Revolution in the position of acting chief of staff of the 10th Army Corps. In August 1917, the Provisional Government awarded Shaposhnikov the rank of colonel. In September, Shaposhnikov was appointed commander of the 16th Mingrelian Grenadier Regiment.

In this position, Boris Mikhailovich met the Great October Revolution. Soon he was appointed commander of the Caucasian Grenadier Division, which included his regiment. However, in January 1918 he was evacuated from the front due to illness.

In March 1918, upon recovery, Colonel Shaposhnikov was dismissed on demobilization on indefinite leave. In April 1918, Shaposhnikov expressed a desire to serve in the new Workers 'and Peasants' Red Army. On May 28, 1918, he was appointed to the post of assistant chief of the Operational Directorate of the headquarters of the Military Council of the Republic. In October 1918, Shaposhnikov was appointed head of the Intelligence Department of the Field Headquarters of the Revolutionary Military Council. In November, the Higher Military Inspectorate of the RSFSR was created, Shaposhnikov was appointed senior assistant to the head of the Special Office of the military department of this inspection.

In Ukraine, after the defeat of Petlyura's gangs, new military power structures were created. Shaposhnikov is appointed First Assistant Chief of Staff of the People's Commissariat for Military Affairs of Ukraine. Soon he was recalled from Ukraine and in August 1919 he was again appointed head of the intelligence department of the Field Headquarters of the RVS, and in October, head of the Operations Directorate of the Field Headquarters of the RVS.

In February 1921, Shaposhnikov was appointed First Assistant Chief of Staff of the Red Army. During the First World War, Boris Mikhailovich was awarded six orders. In October 1921 he received the first Order of the Red Banner.

In November 1922, Shaposhnikov was sent to Switzerland. In 1927, Boris Mikhailovich was transferred from Leningrad to Moscow and appointed commander of the troops of the Moscow Military District. In 1928 he was appointed Chief of Staff of the Red Army. Shaposhnikov remained in this position until 1931. In October 1930, by decision of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks, he was accepted into the party without a candidate's experience. In April 1931, he was appointed commander of the Volga Military District, and a year later he was back in Moscow, now as head and commissar of the Military Academy. M. V. Frunze. In 1934, Shaposhnikov was awarded the Order of the Red Star, in 1935 he was elected a member of the Central Executive Committee, and he was awarded the academic title of professor of higher military educational institutions of the Red Army.

From September 1935, Shaposhnikov commanded the troops of the Leningrad Military District.

In February 1937, he was elected to the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, and in May he was appointed Chief of the General Staff of the Red Army.

In February 1938, Boris Mikhailovich was awarded the second Order of the Red Star and the medal "20 Years of the Red Army". In December 1939, Shaposhnikov was awarded the Order of Lenin. In May 1940, Boris Mikhailovich was awarded the title of Marshal of the Soviet Union. In August 1940, Boris Mikhailovich Shaposhnikov was removed from the post of Chief of the General Staff and appointed Deputy People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR.

With the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, Shaposhnikov held the position of permanent adviser to the Headquarters of the Supreme High Command. Subsequently, being sick with tuberculosis, he was appointed chief of the General Staff of the Red Army, replacing General Zhukov in this position. From that moment on, Shaposhnikov practically led not only the General Staff, but also all the Armed Forces of the country. Shaposhnikov's illness progressed, in May 1942 he handed over the post of Chief of the General Staff to his deputy, General of the Army Vasilevsky, still remaining Deputy People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR. In October, Shaposhnikov was awarded the second Order of Lenin.

The marshal's health was deteriorating. Shaposhnikov resigned, but the war was on, and in June 1943 Boris Mikhailovich was appointed head of the Voroshilov Higher Military Academy. In February 1944 he was awarded the Order of Suvorov 1st degree, in February 1945 - the third Order of Lenin and the medal "For the Defense of Moscow".

On March 26, 1945, 45 days before the Victory, Shaposhnikov died. He was buried in Moscow near the Kremlin wall.