Lesson in geography general circulation of the atmosphere. Development of a lesson on the topic: "Atmospheric circulation."

(1803- 1870)

The biography of Prosper Merimee reflects the bright life of a man - a famous writer, politician, artist, member of the French Academy of Sciences.

Prosper Paris was born on September 28, 1803. The father of the future writer, Jean-Francois Leonor Mérimée, was a chemist and was seriously fond of painting. Prosper's mother was also a successful artist. A young man who received a law degree in Paris became the secretary of one of the ministers of the French government. Then, having received the post of chief inspector for the preservation of cultural and historical monuments of the country, he did a lot in this field. In 1853, Merimee received the title of senator.

However, a career in Merimee's life played a secondary role, literary creativity became the main thing for him. Even in his student years, he attended a society whose members were passionate about science and the arts. These were truly international gatherings, attended by the French, Germans, English, and Russians. It was to this society that Prosper Mérimée presented his first work, which he called Cromwell, and which won Stendhal's approval. The author himself did not like the work and it was not published.

At the age of 22, Merimee published a collection of dramatic plays, which he presents with his translation from Spanish. In 1827, the creative biography of Prosper Merimee was marked by the release of his famous “Guzlov” in Strastburg, which the poet presented as a collection of songs by an unknown bard from Dalmatia. This work made a lot of noise in all European countries. Although Goethe and Gerhard (the scientist who managed to discover the size of the Illyrian verse in the prose of "Guzlov") expressed great doubt that this work belongs to folk art. Nevertheless, this clever forgery of the motifs of folk poetry misled many famous poets and writers of that time, including A. S. Pushkin and Mickiewicz.

All subsequent works of the writer are filled with bright original images, an example of which is Carmen, the heroine of the novel of the same name. The writer's research concerning the history of Ancient Rome and Greece, during the reign of Don Pedro I deserve high approval.

Many pages of the biography of Prosper Mérimée are devoted to his creative connections with Russian writers, the works of A. S. Pushkin and N. V. Gogol were of particular interest to the writer. In order to read the works of these writers in the original, Merime studies the Russian language and becomes a propagandist of Russian culture in his homeland. He translated Pushkin's The Queen of Spades into French, his essay on N.V. Gogol was published in one of the magazines, and in 1853 Merimee completed the translation of The Inspector General. The writer's essays dedicated to the era of Peter the Great, the Russian Cossacks, and the Time of Troubles are published in French periodicals. Starting from 1837 and ending in 1890, various Russian periodicals published works of the great French writer translated into Russian, such as Bartholomew's Night, Double Error, Carmen and others.

"Wind Direction" - The meaning of the winds. wind characteristic. wind types. The result of uneven heating of the surface. Photograph of a tropical cyclone. In an anticyclone, the winds blow from the center, where the air pressure is highest, to the periphery. Winds of cyclones and anticyclones. Wind is the movement of air in a horizontal direction. Monsoon.

"Climate" - The purpose of the lesson. Must know: the concept of "climate", "climate-forming factors". 1. Geographic latitude. 0 -5 Belen New York Ekaterinburg Sev.Zemlya -10 -15 January -20 -25 -30. +20. What climate zones do you know? Task 2: Simulate how Europe's climate will change with terrain change. T0 km.

"About Hurricanes" - He destroys buildings, devastates fields, uproots trees. One type of natural disaster is a snowstorm. A hurricane is one of the atmospheric monsters of our planet, which can be compared with an earthquake in terms of destructive power. It demolishes light buildings, breaks wires, damages bridges and roads.

"Wind Energy" - 1,000. 60%. San Gorgino Wind Farm, Palm Springs, California, USA. Electricity (kW). 14.8.20%. Foundation (side view). Autonomous turbine for 10 kW, Mexico.

"Formation of Clouds" - What role do clouds play in a person's mood? Why don't cirrus clouds produce precipitation? What season is characterized by the formation of stratus clouds? Strong heating of the earth's surface. Condensation of water vapor and the formation of cumulus clouds. Cloud signs. Clouds. Heating of air above the earth's surface.

"Tornados and tornadoes" - Tornadoes and tornadoes. Tornadoes have the form of a rotating trunk, pipe or funnel hanging from the parent cloud. Tornadoes that fly over land are called tornadoes. Rotation in tornadoes occurs counterclockwise, as in cyclones of the northern hemisphere of the Earth. Hurricane is the English word hurricane transliterated into Russian.

"Find the mistake"

Statements

1. Kazakhstan is located in a tropical climate zone

2. The climate of Kazakhstan is influenced by air masses from the Pacific, Indian and Arctic oceans

3. Climate-forming factors: atmospheric circulation, solar radiation, underlying surface

4. The amount of total radiation on the territory of Kazakhstan increases from north to south

5. Part of the radiation that is absorbed by the earth's surface is called absorbed

6. The amount of reflected radiation increases in winter

7. Total radiation is the sum of direct and absorbed radiation

Types of solar radiation

Why????

Almaty and Vladivostok are located at the same latitude, why is the amount of total solar radiation in Vladivostok much less than in Almaty?

General circulation atmosphere

air masses

Continental

Marine

Precipitation

Temperature in winter

Temperature in summer

dustiness

air masses

Marine

Continental

Precipitation

Temperature in winter

Temperature in summer

Compiling a cluster

1- Arctic air masses

2- Moderate air masses

3- Tropical air masses

describe

Where are they formed?
What properties do they have?
How does the weather change with the arrival of an air mass
What period is affected?

Characteristics of air masses

1. They come from the west, penetrate deep into the mainland, bring the main precipitation

2. Formed by the Arctic Ocean

3. Called Iranian air masses

4. With their arrival, frost intensifies in winter

5. Formed over the Atlantic Ocean

6. They affect only the south of Kazakhstan

7. With their arrival, frosts occur in winter and spring.

8. The air temperature rises in winter and drops in summer

9. Formed over the territory of Central Asia

10. The Siberian anticyclone is being established

P 11, read, make up questions

Atmospheric circulation(lesson of generalizing repetition)

Purpose: To summarize and systematizeknowledge on the topic "Atmosphere".

Lesson objectives: teaching: - in identify causal relationships between atmosphericphenomena of the earth.

Continue to develop skills and abilities: analyze cartographic materials, work on general educational skills to compare and generalize, listen to comrades.

developing: - develop cognitive interest in geography, independence of thinking.

educational: - in develop a sustained interest in the subject.

Equipment: cards: climatic world, climatic zones andareas of the world, political, physical map m and ra, atlases, textbooks.

lesson type: generalizing repetition

The form : frontal conversation

Method : explanatory and illustrative, problem presentation, reproductive, partially search.

During the classes:

I organizational moment.

Communication of the objectives of the lesson.

II main part.

We know that the air is heated by the Earth, and for what reasonsdoes the heating of the earth's surface depend? (from the angle of incidencesunlight).

Make a drawing and show these different lighting angles on different latitudes.

What is the average air temperature in January and in July, which observed on the east coast of Australia; in southern Africa;In the south of North America. How will we act?

What is the name of the line connecting points with the same temperature? (isotherm) .

What are the absolute records of air temperature marked byin northern Africa, southern South America, Antarctica. Explain what they mean.

So, the heating of the earth's surface, and, consequently, the air temperature above it, depends on the height of the sun and different angles of incidencesun rays. But at the same time, the air temperature on the samesame latitude is different. Why? (different underlying surface)

Working with the textbook p.35. Let's remember what isair mass?

What air masses form over Europe?

Why there is a change in the properties of UVM?

Write a new word in your notebook - transformation and what it means.

Tell us how the amount of precipitation changes along 30 S.Sh. Australia and indicate in which climatic zones it situated.

Using the climatogram of the cities of Manaus and Iquitos on page 184

What are the typical signs of the equatorial climate, in which countries are they located?

Using the climatogram of Antofagasta, what are thetypical signs of a tropical climate, in which country is it situated?

What is the reason for the uniformity of the climate of the mainclimate zones?(one air mass)

The Amazon is the deepest river in the world. How do you explain it?

The Sahara is the largest desert in the world. How can you explain this peculiarity?

Which of the oceans - the Atlantic or the Pacific - has a greater influence on the climate of the northern part of South America?; temperate latitudes of Eurasia? Explain your point of view.

Carefully look at your notes in notebooks on the topic andName what cause-and-effect relationships between the Earth's atmospheric phenomena have we considered?

1. angle of incidence of sunlight - heating of the earth's surface

2. underlying surface - temperature

3.temperature - pressure

4.pressure - rainfall

5.pressure - wind.

III. Summing up the lesson

IV. Homework: Lesson 12

Subject

"Atmospheric circulation"

Target: To form an idea about the features of atmospheric circulation on the territory of Russia.

Tasks:

1. Familiarization of students with the features of atmospheric circulation in Russia;

2.Formation of universal educational activities by methods of technology for the development of critical thinking;

3. Disclosure of the importance of atmospheric circulation in nature and human life

Equipment: multimedia equipment, atlases, textbook (Geography Grade 8 - Polar Star)

Lesson type : combined

Lesson stage

Teacher activity

Student activities

Organizing time

Kind

Good afternoon guys! Today we have a slightly unusual lesson. Geography teachers from other schools in the area came to visit us. I want to wish us all success and successful work.

Creates an emotional mood

Listen to the teacher, tune in to the lesson

II .Homework survey

In the last lesson, we studied the topic "Solar Radiation". Now we will check how you have mastered this topic.

Several guys get cards with individual tasks, the rest work with me.

What is solar radiation? (Radiation of heat and light from the sun )

What do we call total solar radiation?

The difference between the incoming total solar radiation and its losses for reflection and thermal radiation is ...... (radiation balance)

And now I suggest you take POPS

P-position

O-justification

P - confirmation

C-consequence

Position : « The total solar radiation in the south of Russia is greater than in the north"

You need to either prove or disprove this position.

Now let's see what you got.

Guys! Here is a short list of statements. You need to divide them into three groups:

Never

Sometimes

Always

1. The greater the latitude of the area, the lower the sun rises

over the horizon (always )

2. Radiation balance depends on the underlying surface

( always )

3. The receipt of solar energy in high latitudes is greater,

than at the equatorSometimes – only in summer, when at the pole

polar day)

4. The lower the latitude of the area, the greater the differences between winter and summer (never - there are practically no differences between winter and summer at the equator)

5. On a cloudy day, you can get a good tan (never )

Guys! You have mastered this topic well, let's think about where

can you use this knowledge?

1. Distributes cards for individual work for weak students

(differentiated approach);

2. Frontal survey for the class,

checking the assimilation of the material covered.

3. Creates conditions for the creative activity of children, controls the implementation of the task according to the POPS formula.

Listens and comments on the answers of students, provides a positive reaction to the creativity of classmates.

Formulates the task, teaches to analyze.

Listens and comments on student responses

Formulates a question, develops the logical thinking of students

Individual work on

cards (Test)

Answer questions from the teacher

carry out self-examination

assimilation of the material

Perform the proposed task, develop logical thinking.

Read out their responses to the assignment.

Do the work: distribute the proposed statements into 3 groups, learn to analyze.

Read out and explain their answers to the task, justify the choice of spelling

Answer the teacher's question

III .Learning new material

Call stage

In nature, various movements or movements are constantly taking place. Give examples of such movements

(ocean currents, the water cycle in nature, the flow of rivers, the movement of lithospheric plates). In the process of all movements, there are some consequences (what kind?)

Today in the lesson we will talk about the circulation of air masses.

Open notebooks, write down the topic of the lesson"Atmospheric circulation"

Guys, what associations does this phrase evoke in you?

What do you think the lesson will be about?

Let's set the goal of our lesson

Stage 2: Comprehension of the content

Using the maps of the atlas, let's see in which climatic zones the territory of Russia is located

(arctic, subarctic, temperate).

We all know that in every climate zone

various air masses are formed.

Let's look at the climate map, which VMs dominate the territory of Russia?

Each VM has certain properties. Let's remember what properties all of the listed VMs have?

Guys, look at the physical map and say: Will the air masses be able tocoming from the Atlantic, Pacific and North Arctic Oceans to penetrate deep into our country?

Let's conclude: what factor affects the transfer of air masses?

The position of Russia relative to the planetary centers of atmospheric pressure also affects the transfer of VM.

Look at the screen. Let's take a closer look at the image.

We see areas of high and low pressure of constant and seasonal action that affect the transport of WM. Analyze the picture and write down in a notebook the areas of high and low pressure of constant and seasonal action.

In everyday life, we often hear the phrase "atmospheric front" Where can we hear this phrase?

It is with this term that a sharp change in VM is associated.

The atmospheric front is a contact zone of different VMs with a width of tens and a length of hundreds of kilometers.

The atmospheric front is a transition zone between VMs with different properties

Guys, pay attention to the slide. Here is a diagram of the formation of warm and cold fronts. Now you will work in pairs. Your task is to make up a mini-story about the atmospheric front using the drawing. The first row describes a warm front, the second row describes a cold front.

Let's check what you got.

Huge cyclones and anticyclones arise along the atmospheric fronts on their bends. (Cyclone - translated from Greek - rotating )

I suggest you work with text and drawing and compare cyclones and anticyclones. You are presented with a table and answer options.

It is necessary to correctly place words and phrases in the correct cells

Comparison elements

Cyclones

Anticyclone

pressure in the center

air movement

air currents

Summer weather

Winter weather

Reduced. Frosty cloudless weather. Ascending. Air movement from the center is clockwise. Increased. The movement of air towards the center is counterclockwise. Descending. Cold snap and rainy cloudy weather. Cold snap, rainy cloudy weather. Thaw with precipitation in the form of snow. Dry cloudless weather without precipitation.

Now let's check your work

Guys, you have worked with the information, let's try to formulate definitions: a cyclone is ... .., an anticyclone is ....

Fizkultminutka: I ask you to get up from your workplaces. At my command, you must depict the movement of air:

The first row is the movement of air in the cyclone;

The second row is the movement of air in the anticyclone.

Guys, let's sum up our lesson. Please answer the question: What changes in nature does the circulation of air masses lead to? How does weather change affect humans?

Stage 3: reflection (consolidation of the material)

Guys, I invite you to evaluate your knowledge gained in the lesson and play the True or False game. I will read out the phrases, and you answer: true or false

1. The largest part of the territory of Russia lies in the temperate climate zone (correct)

2. A change in the properties of air masses is called circulation

(wrong)

3.Atmospheric front is a transition zone between VMs with different properties (True)

4.Lingering, drizzling rain brings a cold front

(Wrong)

5. Atmospheric vortices with low pressure in the center are cyclones

(right)

6. An anticyclone has come: frosty sunny weather is on the street

(right)

Guys, you did a very good job today, you learned the material well, let's give marks.

Now open your diaries and write down your homework.

Paragraph 19, page 90. Task 8, 11,12 page 94.

Motivating children to learn new material

Formulates the topic of the lesson, updates knowledge, teaches to formulate a cognitive goal

Formulates the task, updates the methods of activity when working with the map

Learn to work with the map

Formulates

question

Creates a problematic situation

Leads students to a conclusion.

Reports on the planetary centers of atmospheric pressure, shows a drawing on a slide, teaches to analyze.

Brings under the concept of "atmospheric front".

Teaches to work with text, synthesize information, draw up a diagram.

Demonstrates a picture on a slide, organizes work in pairs.

Listens and corrects students' answers

Reports about cyclones and anticyclones, organizes independent work with the textbook, controls its implementation

Listens and corrects (if necessary) the students' answer, checks the correctness of filling in the table

Bringing under the concept of "cyclone"

Reports the task for physical education.

Teaches children to build a logical chain of reasoning based on life experience and knowledge gained in the lesson

I create conditions for self-examination by students of educational material

Focuses attention on the final results of educational activities, puts marks for the lesson.

Reports homework, explains its implementation, puts marks in the diary.

Assume, express their point of view.

Formulate the purpose of the lesson:"Study the features of atmospheric circulation in Russia and find out the consequences of atmospheric circulation in nature and human life."

Write the topic of the lesson in a notebook.

They work with a map, determine the type of air masses, write it down in a notebook in the form of a diagram.

Analyze the map

Answer the teacher's question

Analyze the physical map of Russia and draw a conclusion.

They make a conclusion.

Analyze the image, write down the centers of atmospheric pressure in a notebook.

Answer the question, write the definition in a notebook.

Analyze the text of the textbook, draw up a diagram.

Analyze the drawing, make up a story about one of the atmospheric fronts.

Talk about weather fronts.

Work with the text, select the necessary information, fill in the table

Answer the teacher's question, make adjustments to the work (if necessary)

Formulate the definitions of a cyclone and an anticyclone, write them down in a notebook

Perform the task, demonstrate the movement of air in a cyclone and anticyclone.

Learn to make the right inference.

Carry out a self-check.

Listen to teachers.

Write the assignment in a diary.