Oral expression: basic principles. Wise sayings about life

oral statement- this is not only one of the Olympiad tasks, not only a prepared speech at a conference, meeting, etc .; this, if you think about it, our daily act of communication- in a more "simplified" form. If in everyday life we ​​are not particularly inventive - we don’t wedge metaphors into speech, we don’t invent epithets, we don’t use quotes, then for a prepared speech - to achieve our goal - a lot of this will come in handy. So the verbal statement should be effective, i.e. should be consistent with the purpose of the presentation and the expected results.

To make a speech effective, it is necessary to be guided by some useful principles.

First of all, keep eye contact. The audience does not believe the one who "sits" in his leaflet - such a person does not create the impression of a confident, well-versed speaker. Of course, it is not necessary to frantically run your eyes over the listener - this will also not give you weight in their eyes. There is no need to choose one “victim” of your speech: this person will be uncomfortable under your withering gaze, and others will feel superfluous at this performance.

So, choose a few of your "points" of support- for example, your teacher, classmate or school director, and turn to them in turn, while not forgetting to “slide” on the jury members, listeners, and guests of the conference. Undoubtedly, it is more convenient and calmer to keep in touch with a well-known person, who will cheer you up with a nod or a smile, but do not forget about others.

Secondly, behave naturally. Excessive twitching, whistling, sharp movements with arms and legs give out uncertainty and excitement. So calm down, take a deep breath, relax, think about something pleasant. Know how to control yourself- this is a useful quality not only in oral presentation. Speak calmly and clearly, breathe evenly - set an acceptable “tempo” for what is happening and do not deviate from it.

Make your communication with the audience alive and enthusiastic- this will characterize you as a versatile person, an excellent specialist and a brilliant speaker. Of course, you have a synopsis of the speech processed to “brilliance”, where examples, key words, important remarks, etc. are indicated, but this does not mean at all that a step left and right is execution. EIf you feel confident to speak “freely” - break away from the summary without losing the thread of the narrative, i.e. without deviating from the plan of expression. Explain examples, remember stories from life! A more conversational tone can win over the audience and make the atmosphere of the speech more trusting.

Remember that live communication requires practice: if you do not feel confident to say so, it is better not to take risks - or rather, take risks, but not with your performance. Experienced "speakers" should remember that don't skimp on slang and jargon Boundaries must still be respected, and it is also necessary be mindful of time limits: if you have only 10 minutes to speak, you hardly need to remember all the turns of speech of Uncle Peter Nikonorovich and his favorite fishing, even if they are the topic of conversation.

Thirdly, keep voice contact. Don't make your speech monotonous: actively use the capabilities of the speech apparatus - highlight especially important places with your voice, focus on the right moments of the report, etc. Calm, "same" sound lulls the listener - and, as a result, reduces interest in what is being said.

This advice is especially important. in the articulation of lyrical works, where God himself (and the author, of course) ordered convey the whole gamut of feelings splashed onto paper.

When using voice contact, remember that don't scare the audience sharp cries or tearful cries, even if they are implied by the author. A performance is not a circus or an entertainment event, therefore be lively and positive, but still know the measure.

Remember that unnecessary words and phrases distract listeners from the essence of what is being said, which can “crumple” even an extraordinary thought.

And finally, fifthly, make sure that the structure of your statement is understandable not only to you, but also to your addressee. Any speech requires a logical presentation, therefore think about the structure of your speech: interest the listener in the beginning, attract his attention; consistently state your arguments in the main part of the speech, present them in a “dosed” manner, without overloading them with facts, argue your thoughts, illustrate them; Briefly sum up the results, outline the circle of areas where research could be continued, etc.

When you finish your presentation, do not relax one hundred percent - as a rule, you are expected to audience questions. Don't be afraid of them! You are the author of your project, so you can express your point of view on the question, argue it in your own way. If it is difficult for you to answer “on the fly”, discuss in advance with the supervisor the possible most frequent questions, note the strengths and weaknesses of your work and briefly justify your position on each item.

oral presentation- this is not only 10 minutes of a "thematic" speech, but also beautiful, literate speech in everyday life.

Do you have any questions? Don't know how to speak properly? Sign up for a lesson with tutors.

site, with full or partial copying of the material, a link to the source is required.

THIRD STAGE OF THE REPUBLICAN OLYMPIAD

IN RUSSIAN LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE TOPICS OF ORAL STATEMENTS

Ticket number 1

The better you speak the language, the more you have the right to be called a person.

"The right words in the right place is the true definition of style." Do you agree with this definition of D. Swift?

Of all the sciences that a person should know, there is one obligatory one - how to live, doing as little evil as possible. (L. I. Tolstoy).

Ticket number 2

A new language is worth learning because it will pave the way for you to meet other people.

Compare two points of view.

A. "A critic is a reader who causes trouble" (J. Renard).

3. All the honors of this world are not worth one good friend (Voltaire).

Ticket number 3

1. Do you agree with the opinion of Erasmus of Rotterdam that “language is the best mediator for establishing friendship and harmony”?

2. "Imagination is the primary step and the basis of all poetry" (G. Lorca). Do you agree with this opinion?

3. How do you understand Montesquieu's saying “You have to study a lot in order to know at least a little”?

Ticket number 4

1. Language is the most human thing in the world.

2. Do you agree with the opinion of the French literary historian E. Faguet “To read means to think with another, to think over the thought of another, to think over a thought similar or opposite to ours”?

3. Let's exclaim, admire each other. High-sounding words are not to be feared (B. Okudzhava).

Ticket number 5

1. How do you understand Voltaire's expression "Language is of great importance also because with its help we can hide our thoughts"?

2. "Well-written historical novels are worth the best history courses." Do you agree with the opinion of O. Balzac?

3. Fatherland is the land where the captive soul (Voltaire).

Ticket number 6

“Language, to an even greater extent than clothing, testifies to a person’s taste, his attitude to the world around him, to himself” (D.S. Likhachev).

“Of all the inventions and discoveries in science and the arts, of all the great consequences of the amazing development of technology, printing is in the first place.” Comment on the statement of Ch. Dickens.

3. How do you understand Mother Teresa's statement, “Words of encouragement and greetings may be short, but they have an endless echo”?

Ticket number 7

How do you understand the advice of N. A. Nekrasov “Follow the rule stubbornly: so that words are cramped, thoughts are spacious”?

“Poetry has one amazing property. She returns the word to its original freshness. (K. Paustovsky).

Is A. Diesterweg right when he asserts that “a bad teacher presents the truth, a good teacher teaches to find it”?

Ticket number 8

1. "What is in my name to you?"

2. "They don't argue with great writers, they are appreciated for what they give us." Do you share the opinion of the French literary critic Alain?

3. Nothing costs us so cheaply and is not valued as dearly as politeness. (Servantes).

Ticket number 9

“The greatest value of a people is its language, the language in which it writes, speaks, thinks” (D.S. Likhachev).

“Improving the manners of his time is the goal to which every writer must strive, if he does not want to be only an entertainer of the public.” Do you agree with the opinion of O. Balzac?

3. We don't give away anything as generously as advice. (La Rochefoucauld).

Ticket number 10

How do you understand the expression "ecology of language"?

“The translator resembles a procuress who, while praising the virtues of a veiled beauty, arouses an irresistible desire to get acquainted with the original.” Comment on the statement of I. Goethe.

3. A courageous person will not endure an insult, and a noble person will not inflict it. (Publius Sir).

Ticket number 11

1. How do you understand the saying of Socrates “Speak so that I can see you”?

“Whoever was not born a poet will never become one, no matter how much he strives for it, no matter how much work he spends.” Do you share the opinion of Valery Bryusov?

A blow doesn't hurt as much as a word (Janusz Korczak).

Ticket number 12

1. How do you understand Voltaire's saying “Knowing many languages ​​means having many keys to one lock”?

2. "The artist's direct duty is to show, not to prove." Comment on the statement of Alexander Blok.

3. The greatest, most divine thing in a person is the ability to regret and forgive (A. Dumas son). Do you agree with the writer's opinion?

Ticket number 13

Academician D.S. Likhachev said in an interview that the Russian language is extremely suitable for poetry. Do you agree with this idea?

"Inspiration is the strict working state of man." Do you share the opinion of K. G. Paustovsky?

There is no excess in the world more beautiful than an excess of gratitude (F Labruyère).

Ticket number 14

Dictionaries in my life.

"In every field of human knowledge lies an abyss of poetry." How do you understand the statement of K. G. Paustovsky?

"Silence is a true friend that will never change." In what situations is the statement of Confucius true?

Ticket number 15

Discuss the topic: “Do borrowings harm the identity of the language?”

"The work of the artist is to give birth to joy" (K. G. Paustovsky). BUT How do you understand the purpose of the artist?

“When the eyes say one thing and the tongue another, the experienced person believes the first more.” Is R. Emerson right?

Ticket number 16

1. “Dialogue is assenting to others; monologue - assenting to oneself " (A. Stock). Give a linguistic commentary on this definition.

How do you understand the saying of the poet Alexander Kushner “Time is skin, not dress. Deep is his seal?

Friendship is the most necessary thing for life, since no one wants to live without friends, even if he had all the other benefits. (Aristotle).

Ticket number 17

True eloquence is the ability to say all that is needed, and no more than is necessary. (F. La Rochefoucauld).

"A book can teach us to unmistakably recognize good and evil, truth and falsehood, beauty and ugliness" (L. Leonov).

"The more enlightened a person is, the more useful he is to his society." Prove the validity of the statement of A. S. Griboyedov.

Ticket number 18

The art of listening is almost the same as the art of speaking well. (P. Buast).

Which of the classic writers do you consider the most modern and why?

How do you understand G. Bockl's statement “True knowledge does not consist in acquaintance with facts that make a person only a pedant, but in the use of facts that make him a philosopher”?

Ticket number 19

1. Conversation is a building that is built together (A. Morua).

To keep your readers happy, don't be too happy with yourself. (Voltaire).

Knowledge without a moral basis means nothing (L. I. Tolstoy).

Ticket number 20

Language is a great national treasure. It is impossible not to respect him, just as it is impossible not to respect the native people (I. Melezh).

Poets are born, speakers become (Cicero).

"The student will never surpass the teacher if he sees in him a model, and not a rival." Do you agree with the opinion of V. G. Belinsky?

Ticket number 21

"Discussion is the exchange of knowledge, dispute is the exchange of ignorance" (R. Quillen). Give a linguistic commentary on this definition.

How do you understand the words of V. G. Belinsky: “In true talent, every face is a type, and every type is a familiar stranger for the reader”?

"Education develops abilities, but does not create them." Do you share the opinion of Voltaire?

Ticket number 22

1. “If there are things in the world worthy of the name“ miracle ”, then the word is undoubtedly the first and most wonderful of them” (L. Uspensky).

2. "The poet is a philosopher of the concrete and a painter of the abstract." How do you understand the statement of V. Hugo?

3. "The easier it is for the teacher to teach, the harder it is for the students to learn." Is Leo Tolstoy's remark fair, in your opinion?

Ticket number 23

Metaphor either clarifies a thought or obscures it. In the first case, the metaphor is poetry; in the second, rhetoric. Comment on the idea of ​​V. Klyuchevsky.

“Among books, as well as among people, one can fall into good and bad society.” How do you understand this statement by Helvetius?

Talent is one third instinct, one third memory and one third will. (K. Dossi). Do you agree with this statement?

Ticket number 24

What should a Russian language lesson be like?

"Only a person who truly loves poetry can appreciate prose." Do you agree with the opinion of E. Yevtushenko?

How do you understand the words of V. G. Belinsky “Who does not go forward, he goes back: there is no standing position”?

Ticket number 25

“By the attitude of each person to his language, one can absolutely accurately judge not only his cultural level, but also his civic value” (K. G. Paustovsky).

Real writers are the conscience of mankind (L. Feuerbach).

3. "The whole meaning of life lies in the endless conquest of the unknown, in the eternal effort to know more." Do you agree with the opinion of E. Zola?

Ticket number 26

1. Knowing the history of a language is the key to understanding its richness.

"Prose is architecture, not the art of the decorator." How do you understand E. Hemingway's statement?

“The purpose of life is self-expression. To manifest our essence in all its fullness - that's what we live for. Do you share the opinion of O. Wilde?

Ticket number 27

1. My favorite section of the science of language.

2. "Poets are the unrecognized legislators of the world." Do you agree with P. Shelley's statement?

3. "To admit you're wrong is to be smarter than you were." Do you think P. Buast is right?

Ticket number 28

1. Russian speech etiquette.

2. "Inspiration alone is not enough for a poet - the inspiration of a developed mind is required." Do you share the opinion of F. Schiller?

3. The happiest person is the one who gives happiness to the greatest number of people (D. Diderot).

Ticket number 29

“Our language is boundless and can, living like life, be enriched every minute” (N.V. Gogol).

How do you understand B. Shaw's statement “Style is like a nose: no two are alike”?

"It's not hard to be kind; it's hard to be fair." Confirm V. Hugo's idea or refute it.

Ticket number 30

1. "Gestures of a person, like his toothbrush, must be purely individual." Will you take the advice of American psychologist Dale Carnegie?

2. People stop thinking when they stop reading. (Appreciate Diderot).

3. "The exceptional happiness of a person is to be at his constant favorite business." Do you agree with the opinion of V. I. Nemirovich-Danchenko?

Clever thoughts come only when stupid things have already been done.

Only those who make absurd attempts can achieve the impossible. Albert Einstein

Good friends, good books, and a sleeping conscience are the ideal life. Mark Twain

You can't go back in time and change your start, but you can start now and change your finish.

Upon closer examination, it generally becomes clear to me that those changes that seem to come with the passage of time are, in fact, no changes at all: only my view of things changes. (Franz Kafka)

And although the temptation is great to go along two roads at once, you can’t play with the same deck of cards with both the devil and God ...

Appreciate those with whom you can be yourself.
Without masks, omissions and ambitions.
And take care of them, they are sent to you by fate.
After all, in your life there are only a few of them

For an affirmative answer, only one word is enough - “yes”. All other words are invented to say no. Don Aminado

Ask a person: "What is happiness?" and you will find out what he misses the most.

If you want to understand life, then stop believing what they say and write, but observe and feel. Anton Chekhov

There is nothing in the world more destructive, more unbearable than inaction and waiting.

Turn your dreams into reality, work on ideas. Those who laughed at you before will begin to envy.

Records are there to be broken.

Don't waste time, invest in it.

The history of mankind is the history of a fairly small number of people who believed in themselves.

Did you push yourself to the limit? Don't you see the point in living anymore? So, you are already close ... Close to the decision to reach the bottom in order to push off from it and decide to be happy forever .. So do not be afraid of the bottom - use it ....

If you are honest and frank, then people will deceive you; still be honest and frank.

A person rarely succeeds in anything if his occupation does not give him joy. Dale Carnegie

If at least one flowering branch remains in your soul, a singing bird will always sit on it. (Eastern wisdom)

One of the laws of life says that as soon as one door closes, another one opens. But the whole trouble is that we look at the locked door and do not pay attention to the opened one. André Gide

Don't judge a person until you talk to them in person, because everything you hear is hearsay. Michael Jackson.

First they ignore you, then they laugh at you, then they fight you, then you win. Mahatma Gandhi

Human life is divided into two halves: during the first half they strive forward to the second, and during the second back to the first.

If you don't do anything yourself, how can you be helped? You can only drive a moving car

All will be. Only when you decide to do it.

In this world, you can look for everything except love and death... They will find you when the time comes.

Inner satisfaction in spite of the surrounding world of suffering is a very valuable asset. Sridhar Maharaj

Start now to live the life that you would like to see it in the end. Marcus Aurelius

We must live every day as if it were the last moment. We do not have a rehearsal - we have a life. We don't start it from Monday - we live today.

Every moment of life is another opportunity.

A year later, you will look at the world with different eyes, and even this tree that grows near your house will seem different to you.

Happiness does not need to be sought - it must be. Osho

Almost every success story that I know of started with a man lying on his back, defeated by failure. Jim Rohn

Every long journey begins with one, the first step.

Nobody is better than you. Nobody is smarter than you. They just started early. Brian Tracy

The one who runs falls. He who crawls does not fall. Pliny the Elder

It is enough just to understand that you live in the future, as soon as you find yourself there.

I choose to live rather than exist. James Alan Hetfield

When you appreciate what you have, and not live in search of ideals, then you will truly become happy ..

Only those who are worse than us think badly about us, and those who are better than us are simply not up to us. Omar Khayyam

Sometimes one call separates us from happiness… One conversation… One confession…

By admitting one's weakness, one becomes strong. Honre Balzac

He who humbles his spirit is stronger than he who conquers cities.

When an opportunity presents itself, you must seize it. And when you grabbed it, achieved success - enjoy it. Feel the joy. And let everyone around suck your hose for being goats, when they didn’t even give you a penny. And then go away. Beautiful. And leave everyone in shock.

Never despair. And if you have already fallen into despair, then continue to work in despair.

A decisive step forward is the result of a good kick from behind!

In Russia, you have to be either famous or rich to be treated the way anyone in Europe is treated. Konstantin Raikin

It all depends on your attitude. (Chuck Norris)

No reasoning can show a man the path he does not want to see Romain Rolland

What you believe in becomes your world. Richard Matheson

It's good where we're not. We are no longer in the past, and therefore it seems beautiful. Anton Chekhov

The rich get richer because they learn to overcome financial hardship. They see them as an opportunity to learn, grow, develop, and prosper.

Everyone has their own hell - it's not necessarily fire and tar! Our hell is a wasted life! Where Dreams Lead

It doesn't matter how hard you work, the main thing is the result.

Only mother has the most affectionate hands, the most tender smile and the most loving heart ...

Winners in life always think in the spirit: I can, I want, I. Losers, on the other hand, focus their scattered thoughts on what they could have, could do, or what they could not do. In other words, winners always take responsibility for themselves, and losers blame circumstances or other people for their failures. Denis Waitley.

Life is a mountain climbing slowly, descending quickly. Guy de Maupassant

People are so afraid to take a step towards a new life that they are ready to close their eyes to everything that does not suit them. But it’s even scarier: to wake up one day and realize that everything is not right, wrong, wrong ... Bernard Shaw

Friendship and trust cannot be bought or sold.

Always, in every minute of your life, even when you are absolutely happy, have one attitude towards the people around you: - In any case, I will do what I want, with or without you.

In the world, only one can choose between loneliness and vulgarity. Arthur Schopenhauer

One has only to look at things differently, and life will flow in a different direction.

The iron said to the magnet: most of all I hate you because you attract, not having enough strength to drag you along! Friedrich Nietzsche

Know how to live even when life becomes unbearable. N. Ostrovsky

The picture you see in your mind will eventually become your life.

“The first half of your life you ask yourself what you are capable of, but the second - and who needs it?”

It's never too late to set a new goal or find a new dream.

Control your destiny or someone else will.

see beauty in the ugly
to see rivers in the streams…
who knows how to be happy on weekdays,
he really is a lucky man! E. Asadov

The sage was asked:

How many types of friendship are there?

Four, he replied.
There are friends, like food - every day you need them.
There are friends, like medicine, you look for them when you feel bad.
There are friends, like a disease, they themselves are looking for you.
But there are such friends as air - they are not visible, but they are always with you.

I will become the person I want to be - if I believe that I will become one. Gandhi

Open your heart and listen to what it dreams about. Follow your dream, because only through the one who is not ashamed of himself will the glory of the Lord be manifested. Paulo Coelho

To be refuted is nothing to fear; one should be afraid of another - to be misunderstood. Immanuel Kant

Be realistic - demand the impossible! Che Guevara

Don't put off your plans if it's raining outside.
Don't give up on your dreams if people don't believe in you.
Go against nature, people. You are a person. You are strong.
And remember - there are no unattainable goals - there is a high coefficient of laziness, a lack of ingenuity and a stock of excuses.

Either you create the world, or the world creates you. Jack Nicholson

I love it when people just smile. You go, for example, on a bus and you see a person looking out the window or texting and smiling. It feels so good to the soul. And I want to smile too.