What day is the holiday of the marines. Marine Corps Day - a holiday of the elite military forces of Russia

The birth of the marines in Russia began in 1668, when a team of archers was included in the crew of the Oryol ship along with sailors and gunners. The tasks of this team were reflected in the "34 articular articles" (the naval charter of that time) as "capturing enemy ships in a boarding battle."

In 1705, Peter the Great issued a decree on the creation of the first regiment of marines.

Marine Corps Day in Russia is celebrated in accordance with the order of the Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Navy dated November 19, 1995, in memory of the decree of Peter I on the creation of the first "regiment of naval soldiers" in Russia, which was issued after the battle with the Swedes on November 27, 1705. This date is considered the birthday of the regular Russian marines.

Interesting facts from the history of the Marine Corps

To ensure Russia's access to the shores of the Baltic in 1700-1703, first of all, it was necessary to oust the Swedes from Lake Ladoga and Lake Peipus. To implement such a bold plan, they decided to involve the Don Cossacks, who had experience in battles on row-and-sail ships on the rivers and the sea. However, the Cossacks did not arrive at the right time, and all the main military activities had to be carried out by the forces of Peter's infantry regiments. The regiments of Tyrtov, Tybukhin, Ostrovsky did an excellent job - after a series of fierce boarding battles, the Swedes were partially destroyed, and the rest were driven out of these waters. The path to the mouth of the Neva was free...

These events showed that in Russia there was a need to create a new kind of troops - naval soldiers.

On November 16 (November 27 - New Style), 1705, Peter I issued a decree on the creation of a naval regiment, which marked the beginning of the organization of the marines of the regular Russian fleet. The first regiment of marines, formed in the Baltic Fleet, consisted of two battalions of five companies. The regiment had 45 officers, 70 non-commissioned officers and 1250 privates. The marines were armed with guns with baguettes (the prototype of a bayonet) and edged weapons (cleavers, sabers). In the Northern War, the marines were widely used in naval battles and landings. In 1712, instead of a regiment, five battalions of 22 officers were formed, up to 660 privates and non-commissioned officers in each. Three battalions were included in the ship squadrons, one in the galley, one carried out guard duty in the bases.

Since 1804, companies of naval regiments began to depart on ships from Kronstadt to the Mediterranean Sea to the location of D.N. Senyavin. By the end of 1806, there were ten companies of naval regiments in the squadron of D.N. Senyavin, and on November 10, 1806, they formed the 2nd Marine Regiment, whose chief was the commander of the 2nd Marine Regiment Buasel. The two battalions of the 2nd Naval Regiment that remained in Kronstadt attached one to the 1st Naval Regiment, the other to the 3rd. 4th Naval Regiment during 1811-1813 remained on the ships of the Black Sea Fleet and until March 1813 participated in all of its combat operations. For all types of allowances, the naval regiments were under the jurisdiction of the fleet.

Soon, the 25th division was formed in Abo, which became part of the corps intended to assist the Swedes. Then the naval regiments left for St. Petersburg and allocated their second battalions to form new infantry regiments - the 9th, 10th, 11th and others.

In September 1812, the 1st Naval Regiment with the second detachment, formed by the people's militia, left for Wittgenstein's army, and in 1813-1814. participated in its composition in the fighting on the Dvina near Danzig. The 2nd Naval Regiment was also in the active army, and the 3rd Naval Regiment during the Patriotic War of 1812 was part of the garrison of St. Petersburg.

In 1810, the Naval Guards crew was formed, which had dual subordination - to the fleet and the Guards Corps in St. Petersburg. This crew, together with the army, fought through the entire war of 1812-1814. And, ironically, the first Russian flag raised over Paris in 1814 was the naval one - Andreevsky.

In addition, the Black Sea Fleet was sent to the front in Chichagov's army, the 75th ship's crew also reached Paris.

In the following decades, the participation of sailors in the Russian-Turkish war of 1877-1878 should be noted. The Marine Guards crew participated in the Danube Flotilla. And when the Russian army approached Constantinople, standing in Adrianople, as in Paris in 1814, the Russian naval St. Andrew's flag was the first to be raised over the city.

During the First World War, in the Russian fleet - the Baltic and Black Sea - they began to form a number of units of the Marine Corps - brigades, regiments, separate companies and teams. A part of the Naval Guards crew was sent to the land front and the post of Chief Commander of all naval commands in the army and at the front was established.

By the end of March 1917, despite all the difficulties, the formation of the Black Sea Naval Division was completed. However, already in May 1917, the landing on the Bosphorus had to be postponed due to the lack of persistent elite units needed in large numbers for a landing of this magnitude.

This is a brief chronology of the regular units of the marines of the Russian fleet.

The events of the Second World War unfolded for the Marine Corps according to the following scenario. The Soviet Navy, especially surface ships, practically did not participate in the hostilities of the summer of 1941. The Baltic Fleet was bottled up in Leningrad and Kronstadt. The Black Sea Fleet was somewhat more active, but here, too, ships were often idle in ports due to the threat of air attacks. As a result, many sailors were inactive.

The Soviet Navy traditionally had marine brigades designed for land operations. In October 1941, 25 new marine brigades were formed, over time their number increased to 35. The marines played a big role in the defense of Leningrad, in 1942 they were actively used on the Black Sea coast and even participated in the defense of Moscow. It is known that the marines acted more efficiently than conventional infantry units, but at the same time they suffered much higher losses. In addition to brigades, improvised battalions and even smaller units of marines were formed in many fleets. The Marines conducted several small-scale amphibious operations, mainly along the Black Sea coast. With bold sorties behind enemy lines, attacks on its fortified points, marine snipers inflicted great damage on the enemy. The Marines displayed unprecedented heroism and courage in these battles. Dozens of sailors have become true masters of a well-aimed shot. For fifteen days, snipers of the marines destroyed 1050 fascists in the battles near Sevastopol ...

At the end of the 1950s, it became necessary to have modern landing forces in the Soviet Navy, because. attempts to use even specially prepared parts of the SV did not lead to positive results. It required the creation of specialized amphibious assault formations. And with the assistance of the Commander-in-Chief of the Navy, Admiral of the Fleet S. G. Gorshkov, according to the directive of the Ministry of Defense of June 7, 1963, ЉORG / 3/50340, in July of the same year on the basis of the fleet of the 336th GV, which took part in the exercises. SMEs from the BVO formed the 336th Bialystok Order of Suvorov and Alexander Nevsky Guards Separate Marine Corps Regiment (OPMP). The location of the regiment is Baltiysk (Kaliningrad region). The first commander - Guards. Colonel P.T. Shapranov.

In November 1979, on the basis of the directive of the Main Headquarters of the Navy No. 730 / 1 / 00741 of September 3, 1979, the regiments were reorganized into separate brigades (OBrMP). It should be noted that the transfer of a regiment to a brigade actually means a change in the status of a military formation from a tactical unit to a tactical formation. At the same time, the battalions included in the brigade become tactical units and are referred to as "separate".

The total number of the Soviet MP according to 1990. was in the European part -7.6 thousand people, and taking into account the five thousandth division of the Pacific Fleet - approx. 12.6 thousand people. (All according to peacetime states.). According to other sources, the total number of Soviet marines in peacetime was about 15,000 people.

Modern marines are a branch of the Navy, designed and specially trained to conduct combat operations as part of amphibious assault forces, as well as to defend important sections of the coast, naval bases and coastal facilities. Marines in landing operations can act independently when capturing enemy naval bases, ports, islands, or individual sections of the coast. In cases where the basis of the landing force is formed by units of the ground forces, the marines land in advanced detachments to capture the most important points and sections of the coast and ensure the subsequent landing of the main landing forces.

From the mid-1960s to the present, Russian Marine Corps units have taken part in combat services and military conflicts in the following places on the globe: Poland, Syria, Lebanon, Israel, the 55th point off the coast of Cyprus, Yemen, Iran, Iraq , Afghanistan, India, Sri Lanka, Cuba, Maldives, Seychelles, Egypt, Libya, Ethiopia, Somalia, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Angola, Benin, Congo, Mozambique, Vietnam, Georgia, Abkhazia, Dagestan, Chechnya.

Day of motorized rifle troops in Russia is traditionally celebrated on October 1. However, some politicians and the soldiers themselves who served in the motorized rifle troops are against this date. They want Motorized Rifle Troops Day to be moved to August 19th. What is the reason? Let's try to figure it out.

Day of motorized rifle troops of Russia: a date in history

Where did the official date come from? Was the Day of the Motorized Rifle Troops of Russia chosen by chance? The date appears to be historical. On October 1, 1550, Ivan the Terrible created the first regular army of archers. Let's delve a little into history.

A little about the first "motorized rifles"

Sagittarius is the first regular on land. The sudden raids of the Tatars created the need to have a permanent, combat-ready army. In cooperation with the Yamskaya (postal and signal) and guard (constantly monitoring the borders) services, the archers were a kind of rapid response group. The raids were no longer unexpected, and the small detachments of the Horde did not cause severe destruction.

But historically, archers, most likely, are the prototype of internal troops, rather than motorized rifle ones. They rarely went beyond the borders. This is due to the fact that all of them were engaged in agriculture in their free time. Long-term care ruined their families.

For the first time they used small arms (hence the name "archer", i.e. "shooter") - they squeaked. Of course, their effectiveness left much to be desired. All the fault of a long recharge and constant misfires. However, this weapon perfectly fulfilled its role during the historical event - standing on the Ugra River. Recall that the Russian and Horde armies were on opposite banks opposite each other for a long time. Ordinary arrows did not reach the archers, but volleys from squeakers caused damage to the Horde. Of course, the enemy did not have many losses, but the very fact of the unrequited use of weapons went down in history.

Thus, the ground forces rightly celebrate October 1 as the day of the creation of the first regular foot troops. But what is the problem then? Why do the servicemen themselves believe that the Day of Motorized Rifle Troops in Russia should be celebrated at a different time?

Motorized riflemen do not have their own holiday?

The problem is that October 1 is celebrated by all types of ground forces. In addition to motorized rifle, these include tank, communications, etc. All of the listed branches have their own professional day in addition to October 1. For example, tankers celebrate their professional holiday on September 8, and artillerymen on November 19. Why is there no Day of Motorized Rifle Troops of Russia? Many consider this state of affairs unfair.

What date can the holiday Day of Motorized Rifle Troops of Russia be introduced?

Some politicians want to appoint a professional holiday for motorized rifle troops on August 19th. This initiative has long been supported by the soldiers themselves. Some have been celebrating it on August 19 for many years. But why was this date chosen? Let's take a closer look.

On this day in 1914, the First Automobile Machine Gun Company of the Russian Empire began to form, on the basis of which the First Armored Division was later formed.

Russia was the first in the world to create a separate division of armored vehicles. Later, the tactics of individual mechanized units and armored forces began to be used (after more than 20 years) during the Second World War.

Recall that motorized rifles today are not just infantry in the understanding of most people. The troops are equipped with modern infantry fighting vehicles that are capable of destroying heavy tanks and covering offensive firepower, as well as mobile transfer of soldiers from one strategic direction to another in off-road conditions.

It is with the creation of the First Machine Gun Company that we can talk not just about a new infantry unit, but about other troops - motorized rifles.

Armored cars with machine guns, which delivered soldiers to the battlefield and covered their tactical actions, became the prototype of infantry fighting vehicles.

Of course, in Soviet times it was hard to imagine that the day of a professional army holiday would be chosen based on the history of the overthrown "damned" imperial regime. Even the day of the Soviet Army on February 23, most likely, is far-fetched, since there were no special heroic victories and events on this day.

Therefore, congratulations on the Day of Motorized Rifle Troops of Russia should rightly sound on August 19th. But, despite this, today the holiday is officially celebrated on October 1.

Official clarification

As the authorities explain, the fact is that motorized rifle troops are one of the largest units of the army fighting on land. That is why they should celebrate designated in October. The holiday appeared by decree of the President in 2006.

Now we have accurately answered the question of what date is the day of motorized rifle troops in Russia.

MV today

Today, the composition of motorized rifle brigades includes various ones that make up a single combat brigade capable of conducting autonomous combat operations for a long time.

These are tank, troops, artillery, communications, material support formations.

They are equipped not only with conventional small arms (automatic and machine guns), but also with modern missile systems, tanks, infantry fighting vehicles and many other types of weapons.

Troops are capable of covering any distance under any conditions. The latest technology, for example, the BMP-2 and BMP-3 are capable of forcing even water barriers on the move.

The main advantages of motorized rifle troops

The main advantages of MW are:

High mobility. For example, units can make a sharp strike maneuver and then hold a long defense even in the environment.
Technical equipment. Modern small arms, infantry fighting vehicles, armored personnel carriers, reconnaissance vehicles, anti-tank, anti-aircraft systems.

Conclusion

Summing up, I would like to hope that the authorities will hear the requests of veterans and motorized riflemen and introduce a separate holiday. They think it's fair to set the date for August 19th. Be that as it may, but today the official holiday Day of the Motorized Rifle Forces in Russia falls on October 1.

The Marine Corps is a type of troops designed to conduct combat operations consisting in the struggle for the enemy's coastlines. The list of duties includes the defense of naval bases and islands. These military formations have their own professional holiday, which is celebrated on November 27. These are highly mobile troops, which more than once had to steadfastly and courageously perform the most difficult combat missions, and they have existed for several centuries.

history of the holiday

This holiday was approved by the Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Navy in 1995. The professional triumph of the Marines appeared not so long ago, but the history of this type of troops is long. The first documented amphibious landing was in 1698. Peter I approved a new method of warfare, and therefore the sovereign ordered in 1705 to create the first "regiment of naval soldiers." The sailors of the Baltic Fleet were taken as a basis. After that, the Marines took part in all wars. During its existence, the Marine Corps has been reorganized more than once.

The most bloody battle for these troops was the defense of Sevastopol during the Second World War, during which the fighters who terrified the Germans received the nickname “black death” from them. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, the Marines participated in the fighting in the North Caucasus. This branch of the military is developing and now, the Marines are serving in the Mediterranean Sea and other places on the globe.

Today, the marines, as a branch of the coastal troops of the Navy of the Armed Forces of Russia, are used to conduct combat operations as part of amphibious assault forces. Moreover, both together with the ground forces, and independently. Also, the tasks of the Marine Corps include the defense of the coast (naval bases, ports and other facilities).

Marines are unique people who feel equally comfortable both in water and on land. Every strong, self-respecting state must have a powerful marines. This branch of service is so deeply rooted in history that there are even antique vases, in the drawings of which you can meet ancient Greek infantrymen, and if you take Scandinavia, you can safely call the famous Vikings the first northern marines.

Marine Corps Day in Russia: history

And again, Peter I was not without it. It was he who, having been abroad, brought to his homeland the idea to organize the marines. It happened just on November 27, 1705.

Russia wanted and tried to take steps towards Europe, striving to become a civilized society. The country was slowly opening up to foreigners, which meant that a solid, reliable army was needed. As they say - for every fireman. Glorious infantry fighters did a great job of helping their king to cut through that same window to Europe.

The marines became a reliable help to Peter the Great in solving various international issues. So to speak - not for the sake of blackmail, but purely for the good of the cause. From the time of Peter the Great to our times, the marines in Russia have always been in business: both during the Battle of Borodino, and in the Second World War, and even in peacetime, our infantrymen bravely performed their international duty.

Marine Corps Day: Holiday Traditions

When the Day of the Marine Corps comes, solemn events, concerts of pop stars, original military ensembles are held in Russia. Honored marines are awarded regular military ranks, medals and orders appear on the chest of the fighters. The merits of the marines are valued at the highest state level, they are often awarded awards from the hands of the first person in the country.

When is Marine Corps Day celebrated?

Officially, the infantrymen received their professional holiday only in 1996 and annually celebrate this date on November 27th.

Marine Corps Day is celebrated annually in November. This type of troops was created at the same time as the navy. Marine units are involved in all military conflicts involving Russia. Now the Marine Corps is almost entirely composed of professional soldiers capable of operating on land, on water and in the air. What date is the holiday of the marines, to what events it was timed, let's find out in more detail.

Story

Marine Corps Day was first celebrated on November 27, 1705, by order of Peter the Great, when a decree was signed to organize the first marine regiment in Russian history. The soldiers passed a kind of exam in the war with the Swedes, after which the first regiment of marines was created on the basis of the Baltic Fleet.

Russian marines participated in all wars, with the participation of Russia throughout the 18-19-20 centuries. The tasks of the naval crew included landing on land and conducting a battle to capture positions.

After the revolution, the Marine Corps had a difficult time, and only in 1939, a new date for the creation of the Marine Corps appeared. In the battles during the Second World War, these formations took an active part in the assaults to capture Koenigsberg, the Kuriles, Riga and in other battles. In a special way, they distinguished themselves in the capture of the fortress of Kirkenes. After the end of the war, they were forgotten again, and only in 1963 was it decided to create the Bialystok regiment. In 1996, by order of the Commander-in-Chief, a holiday for the Marines was established.

Modern Marine Corps

The Marines have both modern and time-tested guns in their arsenal. The total number of military personnel of the Marine Corps includes no more than 12,500 people. Each fleet location has its own Marine unit. The main goal of the marines is to land in a certain territory of the enemy and prepare for the onset of the main forces. For a Marine, the personal training of a soldier is of great importance, the emphasis is on interchangeability. Landing on enemy territory, one often has to gain the right to it in battle.

Psychological preparation is also important. Often the fighters of this unit have to participate in difficult situations. Now special training centers are being created where marines are trained according to the latest programs, where they learn how to work with complex military equipment, tactical combat and physical training for many days. The center trains groups to perform special tasks on land, in the sea and in the air. In modern formations of marines, there are tank, artillery and engineering units. In the annual international reviews, the marines of the Russian Federation receive only the highest awards.

How Marines celebrate

The holiday of the Marine Corps is celebrated by all employees of this unit, by all personnel from auxiliary to officer. They are joined by cadets, teachers and veterans of this unit. On Marine Corps Day in Russia, veterans gather at a common table. The leadership awards especially distinguished fighters with orders and certificates of honor, some employees are awarded titles.

Often demonstration performances are organized on this day, where hand-to-hand combat techniques and other skills they have acquired over the years of service are demonstrated. Materials devoted to this holiday are published in mass media. Veterans share their memories of this day.

How to get to serve in such troops

The dream of many recruits is to serve in the Marine Corps. The variety of combat missions is a very attractive feature of these elite troops. Many consider it a great success to receive a black beret of a marine. Marines undergo serious training, making a real military professional out of a young man. There are two ways to join this unit:

on call;
by contract.

Contrary to the generally accepted opinion that conscripts are not taken to such troops, you can still go to serve in these troops. But this is not an easy task. in these troops, you need to start in advance, because the selection for these troops is very strict. First of all, the state of health is of great importance, the category below A1 will not pass. The applicant must be tall, without excess or underweight, without chronic diseases and vision problems.

Even in the military registration and enlistment office, you need to submit a report addressed to the military commissar that there is a great desire to serve in these troops. In the report, you must indicate the motives for such a decision and your qualities, which are valued in these troops. For conscripts with bad habits, the road to these units is closed. The presence of a sports category and a driver's license will only be a plus in the fulfillment of your desire. Skydiving and the ability to scuba dive will increase the chances of getting into these troops. Being present at the last draft board, you must once again declare your desire to serve in these units, and then as you are lucky. With perseverance and desire, anything can happen.

The Marine Corps is one of the best units in the Navy. On a holiday dedicated to this branch of the military, the names of the heroes who honorably fulfilled their military duty and gave their lives for the peace of the entire Russian people are remembered. They were, are and will be one of the best types of troops.