They have a few new ones. Golub I

Exercise 1. Evaluate the use of lexical means in the above sentences; indicate the use of the word without taking into account its semantics, anachronism, euphemistic speech, ambiguity of the statement, distortion of meaning, absurdity and comicality of speech.

1. Decade Uzbek cuisine in the restaurant will be held for five days: from 1 to 5 September. 2. Moral and material measures taken encouragement the desired result was not brought to negligent workers. 3. On the exam, he mixed up not only all the myths, but also surnames ancient heroes and gods. 4. From the end of the VI century BC. stream of Greek tourists rushed to Egypt. 5. There are still shortcomings in our work that prevent us from successfully overcoming the backlog. 6. Uncomfortable in the assembly shop, it is in disrepair. 7. Farmers don't pay enough big attention to fertilizing the fields. 8. Moscow radio broadcast chess moves for five months on these two continent- Arctic and Antarctic. 9. During February in the Moscow region, the duration days increase by 2 hours. 10. Good employees in our company are rewarded Board of Honor.

Exercise 2. Indicate the words, the use of which leads to a violation of lexical compatibility, correct speech errors.

1. The author of the reader has not compiled an annotation yet. (The author of the anthology has not yet compiled a thematic plan. The compilers of the anthology have not yet come up with an annotation). 2. Crowded evenings are held in the factory club. (Evenings are held in the factory club.) 3. We wished the organizers to organize such evenings more often. (We advised the organizers to hold such evenings more often.) 4. Harvesting is in full swing in the village. (Harvesting is proceeding at a fast pace in the village) 5. Shevchenko opened the beginning of the harvest last year, working on the harvest; the same honor is entrusted to him today. (Shevchenko opened the beginning of the harvest last year, working on the reaper of bread; the same honor was entrusted to him this year as well) 6. Increasing the protein content of grain poses great difficulties for researchers. (Increasing the protein content of grain poses great challenges for researchers) 7. Two birds do not live in the same lair. (Two birds do not live in the same nest) 8. The Book Fair hospitably invites publishers and authors to visit the pavilions. (The book fair invites visitors.) 9. Athletes "Kolos" established 32 new achievements of the region. (Athletes of "Kolos" set 32 ​​regional records) 10. In the magazine I read a big discussion about the role of a father in raising his children. (I read a long article in a magazine about the role of the father in raising children) 11. This policy is already bearing fruit. (This policy is already bearing fruit) 12. Much attention will be paid to the improvement of the city. (Much attention is paid to the improvement of the city.) 13. We give priority to this issue. (We give priority to this issue) 14. Our farmers have won the world record for wool shearing from fine wool sheep. (Our farmers have set a world record for shearing wool from a fine-fleeced sheep) 15. The vast majority of those present understood this topic. (Most of those present understood this topic.

Exercise 3. Indicate lexical errors in the following sentences, while highlighting cases of violation of semantic and grammatical compatibility. Edit sentences.

1. Young birch oak grove turned green outside the outskirts. (A young birch grove turned green beyond the outskirts.)

2. Children pronounce a poem, standing scattered. (Children stand scattered and read a poem.)

3. The movie "The Return of the Black Blonde" is in theaters. (The Tall Blonde Returns is in theaters.)

4. The bus was so crowded that someone suggested: "Stand flat, then it will be freer!". (The bus was so crowded that someone suggested: “Lie flat, then you will be freer!”.)

5. Records continue. (Records are being set.)

6. Suddenly she noticed: a cat is walking along the corridor on tiptoe. (Suddenly she noticed: a cat was sneaking along the corridor.)

7. Most of the time passes fruitlessly. (Most of the time goes by without a trace.)

8. The teacher suggested that we write a test orally. (The teacher suggested that we do the test orally.)

9. At the zoo, a small kangaroo sat in a cage and cleaned its feathers. (At the zoo, a small kangaroo sat in a cage and cleaned its fur.)

10. There is a monstrous improvement in living conditions. (There is a significant improvement in living conditions.)

11. The experience of recent years inevitably shows the correctness of these gloomy forecasts. (The experience of recent years convincingly proves the validity of these gloomy predictions.)

12. Widespread testing of this vitamin bioactive cream has led to extremely positive results. (Extensive trials of the vitamin-bioactive cream have produced very positive results.)

13. The stranger mounted a horse and rode on foot. (The stranger mounted a horse and rode.)

14. A three-year-old Parisian sits barefoot in the sandbox and, digging in the sand, wears with grace and ease the simplest soiled dress. Who taught her grace? (A three-year-old Parisian is already a lady. Here she is barefoot rummaging in the sand, but even in the most modest and already fairly soiled dress she looks elegant and light. Who taught her grace?)

15. From fatigue, my body gave way on my feet. (My legs gave way from fatigue.)

16. The restaurant was filled with a cheerful hubbub, the guitar sobbed angrily, the drum groaned. (The restaurant was filled with a cheerful hubbub: the guitar strings sang melodically (loudly), the drum beat.)

17. Several new businesses and public transport have appeared in our town. (There are several new public transportation companies in our town.)

18. Stand still and do not wave your eyes (from the speech of a kindergarten teacher). (Stand still and don't wave your arms.)

19. This is how I clench my fists on my arms and legs! (child speech) (This is how I clench my fists.)

20. Yesterday I took a plane and flew to Moscow (from the speech of a foreigner). (Yesterday I took a plane ticket and flew to Moscow.)

Exercise 4. Give a stylistic assessment of various methods of enhancing speech expression in the examples given (distinguish between pleonasm, tautology, repetition of words).

1. Rich and famous Kochubey. He has enough friends. He can wash his glory. He can anger Poltava; suddenly in the midst of his palace, he can, by the revenge of his father, comprehend the proud villain; he can pierce with a right hand ... but another plan excites Kochubey's heart. (P.) (suddenly - comprehend; by stringing the same words, one can reflect the nature of the visual impressions (But the infantry goes, the infantry goes past the pines, pines, pines without end). lexical repetitions sometimes, like a gesture, enhance the expressiveness of speech (And on the left on the move, on the move .... They were pushed into the water, into the water). Lexical repetitions help to highlight an important concept in the text (Live for a century, learn for a good pay). Lexical repetitions can also be used as a means of humor. In a parody text, a pile of identical words and expressions reflects the comedy of the situation being described.) 2. Everyone quarreled: our nobles live among themselves like cats with dogs; peasants among themselves, like cats with dogs (G.). ( Everyone lives the same.) 3. It was a thin, very thin and pale face, rather irregular, kind of sharp, with a sharp little nose and chin (Vol.) ( An obsessive explanation of all known truths, the repeated transmission of the same thought, the assertion of a self-evident truth.) 4. The return of his son excited Nikolai Petrovich. He went to bed, but did not extinguish the candle, and, resting his head on his hand, thought long thoughts (T.) (thought - thoughts, repetition of cognate words, creating a tautology. From the passage, it seems that Tolstoy's use of just such words - excited, thought (long) thoughts - has a certain subtext. Nikolai Petrovich was not indifferent to his son, he loved him, and therefore his arrival did not leave his father indifferent. At the same time, the excited hope is overshadowed by doubt: did they understand each other so well. Long thought about something unresolved.) 5. And the nights were dark, warm, with purple clouds were calm, calm. Sleepily ran and the babbling of sleepy poplars flowed (Bun.) ( Long lasting state. Fewer and fewer unsolved mysteries remain in nature ... Repetition of words is usually characteristic of emotionally colored speech.. Poetic subtext deepens the content of the statement.) 6. Varvara screams with a cry ... And she herself - a roar, her heart trembles tremblingly, I'm afraid of my grandfather, and Varya is terrified. “Ah, so you started playing jokes on the old grandmother!” (M. G.) ( Long lasting state.) 7. Now shout, don't shout, call, don't call - no one will hear (Sol.) ( Continuous state - period. Everything, late and as if for a long time. Sorry, I sympathize. I'm a little angry.) 8. Ilya Muromets did not walk with his feet for thirty-three years, he sat in the seat. His mother used to redeem him, put him in the cradle, and he lies with crystal-crystal (folk.) I’m sleeping, not sleeping, Vanyusha, I’m lying like that anymore. I keep Vanyusha on my mind, on my whole mind (folk.). ( Willy-nilly, something new is noticed and apparently it saddens the Mind. makes you pay attention to this in a reasonable, habitual way of life. Or not well researched.) 10. Here it is not necessary to be silent, but to shout with a cry. It is necessary to sound the alarm (Al.). 11. I loved you more than all the luck and troubles because the yellowed white light with you is whiter than white 12. People write, but time erases, erases everything that it can erase. But tell me, if hearing dies, must sound also die? (March.)

Exercise 5. Identify various forms of speech redundancy (pleonasm, tautology, hidden tautology, repetition of words), correct the sentences.

1. Next year, we have a lot of work to do to develop an annual plan for the upcoming work. (Development of an annual work plan.)

2. The duration of the melting process lasts several hours. (The melting process takes several hours.)

3. Residential quarters are supposed to be deployed towards the river, so that the existing pine grove will be preserved in the city center. (Residential quarters are supposed to be deployed in the direction of the river, so that a birch grove and a pine forest will remain in the city center.)

4. The plaintiff substantiates his claims with unfounded grounds based only on assumptions. (Plaintiff's claims are based on assumptions without evidence.)

5. The building will be decorated with stained-glass windows made of colored cast glass. (The façade is decorated with stained-glass windows.)

6. In the fire of 1912, all the wooden structures of the monastery were destroyed, and stone structures were also burned. (The fire of 1912 left the monastery without wooden structures.)

7. Historians explain the rapid development of the city by the fact that crossroads of important trade routes converged here. (Historians explain the rapid development of the city by the fact that important trade routes crossed here.)

8. On the western side, if you look from north to south, there is a reservoir, and on the south, if you look from east to west, there is a forest. (There is a reservoir on the west side, a forest on the south side.)

9. This year, flowering will occur on these shoots of flowers. (These shoots will bloom this year.)

10. The park was cleared of debris, but it remained unfenced and now it still serves as a pasture for livestock. (The park was cleared of debris, but left unfenced, and is now listed as cattle pasture.)

Exercise 6. In an excerpt from "Dead Souls" N.V. Gogol, select the verbs of speech, select from among them those that are synonymous with the words to talk, speak, say. Write out these synonymous rows and add new words to them (see notes).

Whatever the conversation was about, Chichikov always knew how to support it: whether it was a horse factory, he talked about a horse factory; whether they talked about good dogs, he also reported very sensible remarks here; whether they interpreted with regard to the investigation carried out by the Treasury, he showed that he was not unfamiliar with judicial tricks; whether there was a discussion about the billiard game - and in the billiard game he did not miss; whether they talked about virtue - and he talked about virtue very well, even with tears in his eyes; about making hot wine - and he knew the use of hot wine; about customs overseers and officials - and he judged them as if he himself were both an official and an overseer.

Notes. "Dictionary of synonyms of the Russian language" Z. E. Aleksandrova gives such synonyms:

I. chat, to talk, to talk, to talk, to speak, to exchange (or exchange) words; interpret (colloquial), chat (colloquial), chatter, scribble (simple), talk.

II. Speak 1. express, express (colloquial), too much: rant (colloquial), go broke (simple), much and eloquently: orate (colloquial ironic), ornate (oral bookish, now ironic), flood (or spill) a nightingale (jokingly); 2. pronounce, utter, broadcast (mouth, now joking and ironic), casually: notice, drop, throw, interrupting someone else's speech: insert, screw in (colloquial), something unexpected or inappropriate: let go (colloquial) ), chip off, bend, give out (simple); nonsense: fence, grind, carry, weave (simple).

III.To tell 1. express yourself; to explain (verb.); 2. pronounce, speak; to say (colloquial); to say, to say (mouth); speak, proclaim (oral, now jocular and ironic); speak, speak (folk poet.), casually: notice, throw, drop, drop, drop; grunt (colloquial), interrupting someone else's speech: insert, screw in (colloquial), usually unexpectedly and quickly: blurt out (colloquial), something unexpected or inappropriate: let go, blurt out, blurt out, thump (colloquial), chip off, soak, freeze, say, bend, give out, brand (simple).

was able to support (him)

Did it go (speech)

Interpreted

showed

reasoned

Exercise 7. Indicate how synonyms differ from each other; define their stylistic functions.

1. The apothecary was a blond woman and at one time safely gave birth to a pharmacist's daughter, fair-haired and scrofulous.

Herzen (Hertz.)

Than blond and blondfromdiffer from each other?Only thosethat they are mother anddoh.

It is known that the blond is prettier. And the blond has short hair, either tall, and from the heart, too independent. Do you need a blond friend? She is a loner.

They would be like mother and daughter, that's all.

2. The dull, sad friendship for the fading Sasha had a sad, mournful reflection.

The author criticizes Sasha for the lack of interest in the word "dull Sasha". It is very sad, so upsetting that you are not happy again, because the Sun is shining and the grass is growing. Look, Sasha, at the sky. Does it frown? ... Yes, Sasha, it's already August. And summer is over. But if not summer, then winter! true, Sasha. It is for this irreconcilable attitude that we love you, all your friends.

3. She sometimes sits in a picturesque pose, but suddenly ... this picture pose is broken by a completely unexpected and again charming gesture.

Picturesque, pictorial - apparently, these are synonyms. I mean artificial too.

4. We already have a duel, a constant duel, a continuous struggle.

Pick...

5. Katya adored nature, and Arkady loved her, but did not dare to admit it.

Playing on the feelings of the characters, their attitude towards each other.

6. Not good! There is something trivial, vulgar in wooing one's governess.

It's trivial that everyone does this: many take care of governesses, it's interesting. But the governess is almost easy prey.

7. Among magazine workers, he was very useful ... He has certain views, beliefs, worldview.

Explain its essence.

8. He (Korovin) wanted something gigantic, immense, amazing.

He did not want something insignificant, for example, hesitant. I wanted not flat, for example, trivial or long known in advance. And most importantly - amazing. To say, not in vain. What a thing!

9. "Look at him: isn't there something in him?" - she said to her friends, as if wanting to explain why she married a simple, very ordinary and unremarkable person.

Simple, ordinary, wonderful.

Difficult and unusual in its complexity. Very ordinary.

And now she did not marry the most noble, down to earth and pure person.

10. He did not eat, but ate.

The need to avoid repetition of words.

11. But I robbed you, damn it, robbed you! Because I stole from you!

I have robbed you to the bone. What is it to you all the same? I took the best, there is no doubt about that, but you? Is stealing good?

12. He was one of those people to whom you become attached with your heart. He was a kind and sympathetic person, a fearless and determined pilot... How he loved brave, steadfast people!

Quite possible. It is possible, it is possible to combine a good person and a determined pilot. Love the brave. But they cannot be controlled.

13. How young he was then! How often and intoxicatedly he laughed - he actually laughed, but did not laugh.

What a good-natured and trusting person he could be.

14. Fascism is hostile to any national culture ... It seeks to destroy, destroy culture, erase the very memory of it.

Except your own. Any. This culture manifests itself in striving. It is considered courageous, courageously directed. But it has a shade of negativism, absoluteness. Destruction does not help the development of competition, for some, it seems to me, the lack of choice. The only choice is the best option. Becoming.

15. Our strength, our power is in our will.

The will to live. Which is multiple.

16. So that you can be seen more distinctly and clearly by them, wise and courageous, Is it possible to leave gaps in your glorious bibliography?

The picture is clear, but not complete. Where is wisdom without the mistakes of youth? Nowhere.

17. I distinguish more and more clearly, as lips turn into lips ...

Something has changed, and for the better.

This is the way to communicate information.

18. I want you to cry with delight, with admiration.

I want, I hope you're not jealous. Don't envy her life.

19. There was no letter and there was not, now he did not live, but only existed from day to day in incessant expectation.

With the help of synonyms lived-existed (was in the world), you can arrange a whole time period, two events.

I only thought I lived!

I lived...now I don't live, but exist without writing. It was stolen.

20. Levin was almost the same age as Oblonsky, and with him on "you" more than one champagne. Levin was his comrade and friend in his early youth. They loved each other, ... like friends who met in their first youth love.

In general, it is customary to use synonyms to enhance the impression.

But often writers use synonymy not for synonymy, but to indicate an additional meaning, deepening what is being said.

21. "Yes, there is something nasty, repulsive in me," thought Levin, as he left the Shcherbatskys.

Indicates the relativity of the contrary. But if Levin noticed that people "are not drawn to him," he can conclude that there is a reason for this. Is it not the reason that matters to Levin, but the opinion of the people...

22. Uli had not eyes, but eyes.

A synonym is used to enhance the expressiveness of what was said.

Exercise 8. Compare the editions of the story by N.V. Gogol "Taras Bulba"; explain what caused the synonymous replacements of words during auto-editing. (For reference, please refer to the "Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language" by V.I. Dahl).

1. They squatted down and beat hard and hard with their silver horseshoes on the closely slain earth.

1. ... densely killed earth.

2. Stories, jokes that could be heard among the assembled crowd ...

2. Stories and chatter...

3. "Tell the bishop on behalf of all the Cossacks," said the koshevoi, "so that he is not afraid of anything: it's the Cossacks who are just smoking cradles."

3. "Tell the bishop from me and from all the Cossacks ... These are the Cossacks who are just lighting and smoking their pipes."

4. Zhid ... sharpened vodka from a barrel.

4. Zhid ... sipped vodka from a barrel.

5. These were two burly fellows who still looked slyly, like recently graduated seminarians.

5. These were two hefty fellows, still looking frowningly ...

6. Motley ravines crawled out of their holes, stood on their hind legs and announced the steppe with a whistle.

6. Motley gophers crawled out of their holes ...

7. "That's crazy old!" - said their pale, thin and kind mother ...

7. “Look, good people: the old one has gone crazy! I'm completely crazy! .. "

8. Who had a ladle, who had a korchak, with which he also watered a horse ...

8. Who had a bucket, who had a scoop ...

9. They sharpened sabers, broadswords and write-offs ...

9. ... tried sabers and broadswords ...

10. Cast-iron cannons roared heavily with wide throats, the earth trembled, far chilled.

10. ... trembled, far buzzing, the earth.

1. closely killed - tightly killed

in both versions, densely nailed dust to the ground is implied, the second option is closer to use in modern Russian

2. stories, jokers ... - stories and chatter

in modern Russian, a joker is a joker, a cheerful person, and in the context of the original version, modern consciousness is perceived in the same way. therefore, the "stories" option is more appropriate for modern understanding

3. cradles light up - light and light up their pipes

the word "cradles" is obsolete and was used in a certain locality, the word "tubes" is perceived in the right context by a much larger audience

4. sharpened from a barrel - filtered from a barrel

"grind" - at present, the colloquial expression of the word "ate", which means that in the context it is understood as "the Jew abused the vodka", but "sand" - does not have such an aggressive coloring and is more appropriate in this case

5. looking down - looking down.

the first option is an obsolete expression, the second is now used

6. motley ravines - motley gophers

in Dahl's dictionary, a ravine (Evrazhek) is a motley gray steppe hamster, currently "ravine" is perceived in the context of the word "ravine" (a depression in the ground, etc.) with a diminutive suffix - a small ravine. it follows from this that the use of the word "gopher" is more logical.

7. fooled old - fooled old

in the first variant, speech is perceived in a sharply negative and colloquial context, the second variant is softer and more pleasant for perception.

8. Korchak-bucket

an outdated colloquial word, part-time Ukrainian surname. to simplify perception, the word bucket is used

9. sharpened sabers - tried sabers

in this variant it is difficult to say, because the option "sharpened sabers" is more familiar to use. there is not enough context to give an accurate assessment

10. far zastugunevshi - far zagudevshi

the first option is understood as something resistant, cast-iron, heavy. if the author's goal was to describe to us how far and how hard the sound swept, then the gated version is the most appropriate

Exercise 9. In the jokes below, highlight the polysemantic words and come up with other phrases with them, showing their polysemanticism.

1. Vacation you won't spend: it always ends on time. (You spend me on the dark plain) 2. It is a pity that there are relatives narrow-minded. (narrow-minded distance) 3. Soap bubbles always complain that their inflate. (friend again puffed up me) 4. We can go on the winter time and at summer sandals. ( Go the river; Dress up winter coat; Go on summer veranda) 5. Conservation law matter raises doubts when communicating with cutters. (Bought matter on the dress) 6. Due to the fact that I have found stock mind, I ask you to put up a guard. (Write-off from warehouse) 7. Zeros, which know their place, - a few units. (Interesting know Where have you been?) 8. Don't rush words - observe technology security. ( Rush up into an embrace. household Technics) 9. In a psychiatric hospital. Relatives of the patient: "Professor, how is he?". Professor: " shifts there is". ( Shift earth's crust) 10. Feathers the writer had, he lacked wings. (Feathers the birds got wet; Wings butterflies)

Exercise 10. Make sentences or phrases with paronyms. For help, refer to the dictionaries of the difficulties of the Russian language.

Kind - solid, friendly - friendly, defective - defective, design - constructive, effective - effective; fornicate - wander, reflect - display, conduct - produce, present - provide, test - test, hide - hide, condemn - discuss; innovation - novelty, harvest - productivity, being - essence.

Kind evening. Which good cloth;

I want to give you friendly advice. Develop friendly relations.

This device defective. Some friend of yours defective.

Design developments made at this enterprise are of interest to our partners. For the dispute to be constructive you need to follow a few simple rules.

The woman was in spectacular the dress. This is the most effective method.

Shamelessly fornicate. How long to wander in the city?

Reflect shadow. display reality.

He wanted conduct her to the house. Produce dairy products.

It's time introduce new employee of our company. Could you provide me a rental space.

try out new models. The quality of not only newly offered drugs is controlled, but also each series of them, manufactured according to already tested technology.

maliciously shelter. Hide the truth.

condemn offender. Discuss one unresolved issue.

Innovation in education. New music.

We collected harvest the whole family. good this year productivity potatoes.

Pitiful creature. Mysterious essence.

Exercise 11

Exercise 14 Indicate lexical errors in the following sentences, while highlighting cases of violation of semantic and grammatical compatibility. Edit sentences.

1. Young birch oak grove turned green outside the outskirts.
2. Children pronounce a poem, standing scattered.
3. The movie "The Return of the Black Blonde" is in theaters.
4. The bus was so crowded that someone suggested: "Stand flat, then it will be freer!".
5. Records continue.
6. Suddenly she noticed: a cat is walking along the corridor on tiptoe.
7. Most of the time passes fruitlessly.
8. The teacher suggested that we write a test orally.
9. At the zoo, a small kangaroo sat in a cage and cleaned its feathers.
10. There is a monstrous improvement in living conditions.
11. The experience of recent years inevitably shows the correctness of these gloomy forecasts.
12. Widespread testing of this vitamin bioactive cream has led to extremely positive results.
13. The stranger mounted a horse and rode on foot.
14. A three-year-old Parisian sits barefoot in the sandbox and, digging in the sand, wears with grace and ease the simplest soiled dress. Who taught her grace?
15. From fatigue, my body gave way on my feet.
16. The restaurant was filled with a cheerful hubbub, the guitar sobbed angrily, the drum groaned.
17. Several new businesses and public transport have appeared in our town.
18. Stand still and do not wave your eyes (from the speech of a kindergarten teacher).
19. This is how I clench my fists on my arms and legs! (child speech)
20. Yesterday I took a plane and flew to Moscow (from the speech of a foreigner).

Exercise 14

1. Young birch oak grove turned green outside the outskirts.

A young birch grove turned green beyond the outskirts.
The young oak grove turned green beyond the outskirts.

2. Children pronounce a poem, standing scattered.
???
The children read the poem while standing apart.
Children read a poem, standing hardly.
Children read a poem, standing waddle.

3. The movie "The Return of the Black Blonde" is in theaters.

'The Tall Blond Returns' is in theaters

4. The bus was so crowded that someone suggested: "Stand flat, then it will be freer!".

The bus was so crowded that someone suggested: “Lie down flat (layer), then it will be freer!”.

5. Records continue.

Records are being set.
Athletes continue to set records.

6. Suddenly she noticed: a cat is walking along the corridor on tiptoe.

Suddenly she noticed: a cat was sneaking along the corridor.

7. Most of the time passes fruitlessly.

Most of the time goes by without a trace.
Most of the time is wasted (wasted)

8. The teacher suggested that we write a test orally.

The teacher suggested that we do the test orally.

9. At the zoo, a small kangaroo sat in a cage and cleaned its feathers.

At the zoo, a small kangaroo sat in a cage and cleaned its fur.

10. There is a monstrous improvement in living conditions.

There is a significant improvement in living conditions.
There is an incredible improvement in living conditions.

11. The experience of recent years inevitably shows the correctness of these gloomy forecasts.

The experience of recent years convincingly proves the validity of these gloomy predictions.

12. Widespread testing of this vitamin bioactive cream has led to extremely positive results.

Extensive trials of vitamin-bioactive cream have led to very positive results.

13. The stranger mounted a horse and rode on foot.

The stranger mounted his horse and (slowly) rode.
The stranger mounted his horse and set off.

14. A three-year-old Parisian sits barefoot in the sandbox and, digging in the sand, wears with grace and ease the simplest soiled dress. Who taught her grace?

The three-year-old Parisian is already a lady. Here she is barefoot rummaging in the sand, but even in the most modest and already fairly soiled dress she looks elegant and light. Who taught her grace?

15. From fatigue, my body gave way on my feet.

My legs wobbled from exhaustion.

16. The restaurant was filled with a cheerful hubbub, the guitar sobbed angrily, the drum groaned.

The restaurant was filled with a cheerful hubbub: the guitar strings sang melodically (loudly), the drum beat.

17. Several new businesses and public transport have appeared in our town.

Several new public transport enterprises have appeared in our town (city).

18. Stand still and do not wave your eyes (from the speech of a kindergarten teacher).
???
Stay calm and don't wave your arms.
Stay calm and don't blink.

19. This is how I clench my fists on my arms and legs! (child speech)

This is how I clench my fists.

20. Yesterday I took a plane and flew to Moscow (from the speech of a foreigner).

Yesterday I took a plane ticket and flew to Moscow.
I bought a new plane yesterday and flew to Moscow on it.

Reviews

The daily audience of the Proza.ru portal is about 100 thousand visitors, who in total view more than half a million pages according to the traffic counter, which is located to the right of this text. Each column contains two numbers: the number of views and the number of visitors.

1. Most of the time passes fruitlessly. 2. At the zoo, a small kangaroo sat in a cage and cleaned its feathers. 3. There is a monstrous improvement in living conditions. 4. The experience of recent years inevitably shows the correctness of these gloomy forecasts. 5. Widespread testing of this vitamin bioactive cream resulted in extremely positive results. 6. The stranger mounted a horse and rode on foot. 7. The bus was so crowded that someone suggested: "Stand flat, then it will be freer!". 8. Records continue. 9. Several new businesses and public transport have appeared in our city.

Exercise number 14

Which of the following phrases have become entrenched in the language and have become acceptable, and which are perceived as redundant and do not correspond to the language norm? (For reference, refer to the dictionaries of foreign words and dictionaries of Russian language difficulties.)

Information message, evening serenade, traumatic injury, timing of time, patriot of one's homeland, exhibits, folklore, second-hand book, free vacancy, price list, my autobiography, biography of life, monumental monument, scanty little things, professional colleague, overall dimensions, leading leader, interior, driving theme, unusual phenomenon, reality, period of time, huge machine, retaliatory counterattack, progress forward, memory memorial, strange paradox, time trouble, demobilization from the army, plans for the future, eventually, hand gestures , trample feet, crowd of people.

Exercise number 15

In the following sentences, indicate the phrases in which lexical compatibility is violated. Replace lexical equivalents that caused speech errors.

1. You have to spend a lot of nerves reading letters from veterans. 2. The above metal was not delivered to the customer plant. 3. By the time the apartment was exchanged, the wife, daughter and things were registered in it. 4. Grief did not break this woman, her love for work, her courage. 5. There are people who, having done a lot, good and useful, quietly and modestly keep silent about it. 6. The teacher should give advice and comments to his students. 7. A frost hit, and the corn was severely grabbed. 8. Sponsors donated a library and board games to the school. 9. I do not think that there will be people who would seriously profess the opinion of this eccentric. 10. When a pilot gets into the cockpit of an unbroken plane, he thinks: who is the first, if not me?

1. Now I am dead, I have become the sheets of a book, and you can leaf through me (Vol.). 2. I myself do not like grumbling old men And yet I am sincerely glad That I have not experienced the dishonor of ranks And the meanness of lordly rewards (Gal.). 3. The cat turned out to be not only solvent, but also a disciplined beast (Bulg.). 4. Every night Fyodor Nikitich was visited by the same seasoned Soviet dreams. 5. The earth was slightly touched by dark paint, and the leading star signaled the onset of night in a timely manner. 6. A deep wrinkle appeared on Balaganov's serene, unplowed forehead (I. and P.). 7. The new film is doomed to great success with the widest circles of the public. 8. Our hero was not at a loss and immediately paid a lightning visit to the ambassador to prevent this sudden decision (From the newspapers).

Exercise number 17

Specify speech errors and errors in the syllable; pay special attention to the use of polysemantic words that have homonyms. Edit the text for the newspaper.

When the cheese cries

Cheese. Its pungent slices give our morning breakfast a special appetite. "Russian", "Baltic", "Poshekhonsky" ... In the shop windows, the heads look like twins. A thin paraffin shell reliably hides the secrets of everyone.

To solve and create them, our cheese makers have to work hard, - says the chief engineer of the butter and cheese plant. - Cheese is very capricious in manufacturing. Only the exact implementation of the technology can give the necessary taste.

Cheese makers begin to fight for them from the very beginning - the procurement of raw materials. Factory workers themselves often go to the farms, looking for farms that can supply raw milk.

... It's not just about technique, you need to understand the cheese, you need to feel it! This comes only from years of experience. And he has already, one can safely say, come to the Uglich cheese makers. This year, the plant has already produced 50 tons of cheese in excess of the plan. On what has been achieved, the team does not think to calm down. This month, they switched to a new type of sourdough, which significantly slows down the development of butyric acid bacteria harmful to cheese. When it ripens, such undesirable defects as mustiness and bitterness are eliminated.

On the eve of the holiday, we wanted to name the best cheese makers of the plant, but it was not easy to do so. All workers have been working in the workshop for many years, and each one contributes her particle to the common boiler, all together they are responsible for the quality, for making the cheese, as they say here, “cry”. You cut the head, and milky “tears” glisten in the eyes of the picture. Their matte balls are the first heralds of a successful cheese.

Exercise number 18

Indicate the errors resulting from the inaccurate choice of synonyms (use of words without taking into account their semantics, violation of lexical compatibility, unjustified use of stylistically colored vocabulary), as well as syllable errors resulting from the inability to use synonyms (repetition of words, tautology, pleonasm, errors in creating gradation ). Correct the suggestions.

1. It is necessary to bring this work to the end, to finish, to complete. 2. Life in our gymnasium continues to boil and rage. 3. The knowledge of this student is very modest, mediocre. 4. Poor quality, poor performance of homework by students interferes with the solid assimilation of educational material. 5. Let's hope that the new furniture in the classrooms will last a long time. 6. I call everyone who worked on the construction of the station enthusiasts, and for good reason: they spent two shifts at the construction site. 7. Slowness and sluggishness in preparation for the construction season are unacceptable. 8. Floating facilities - boats and motors for them - must be repaired in advance, verified, debugged, in a word, brought to full readiness. 9. Among Russian writers who wrote about art, Stasov is a huge, unique and unique figure, unusually remarkable. 10. On the warm sand of this wild Pacific coast, my bare feet left deep prints, which were immediately erased by the oncoming waves. 11. Mistakes and omissions made by the investigating authorities and resulting in the failure of the investigation are explained as follows. 12. You ask why children's interest in reading has collapsed so much. Take an interest in the elders, who do not come into contact with the book at all.

Exercise number 19

Indicate the stylistic flaws that have arisen as a result of the unjustified use of antonyms (illogicality, ambiguity of the statement, an error in constructing an antithesis, an unmotivated oxymoron, an inappropriate pun, an incorrect construction of an antonymic pair, an unjustified antiphrase).

1. In February, the decrease in milk yield increases every day. 2. Love and betrayal, courage and cowardice, life and death... This is what Kuliev is filming about. 3. Not cheerful, but not major, this simple motive for some reason sunk into the soul. 4. Pilots of both the strong and the fair sex flocked to the competition. 5. The gulf between the financial situation of the "new Russians" and old pensioners not only did not decrease, but deepened even more. 6. The magazine "Health" is a great helper in life and death. 7. Ivanov is expelled from college due to lack of evidence of diligence. 8. Ivanov's parents show active indifference to their son's behavior. 9. This poplar is called pyramidal because it grows strictly horizontally. 10. These memories are directed not only to the past, but also to the future.

Exercise number 20