Accusative. Nominative and accusative cases of nouns

A noun is a part of speech denoting any objectivity, i.e. The noun answers the question "who" or "what". The noun changes in cases. In order not to confuse cases with each other, there is a strictly defined system of differences between them. This article will help in the future to easily distinguish the genitive from the accusative.

You will need

Nouns in the genitive and accusative cases.
Ability to identify cases.
Knowledge of questions that determine cases.

Instruction

1. There are six cases of nouns in Russian: nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, instrumental and prepositional. Such names are given to them not without reason. Let's look at each of them two cases: genitive and accusative.

2. Genitive caseAccording to the definitions in Russian, the genitive case means: Belonging to someone or something, say "a fox skin", "a teacher's journal"; If there is a relationship between the whole and its part, let's say "magazine page (R.p.)"; Displaying the sign of the subject in relation to another subject, say "results of the survey (R.p.)"; The object of influence in the presence of a verb with a negative particle “not”, say, “does not eat meat (R.p.)”; The object of influence in the presence of a verb denoting desire, intention or removal, say, “to want happiness (R.p.)”, “to avoid responsibility (R.p.)”; If there is a comparison of objects, say, "stronger than oak (R.p.)"; If the noun is the object of measurement, counting, or a genitive date, say "a spoonful of sour cream" or "Day of the Paris Commune."

3. Accusative caseAccording to definitions in the Russian language, the accusative case means: The transition of the action to the subject entirely, let's say "flip through a magazine", "drive a car"; Transfer of spatial and temporal relations "walk a mile", "rest a month"; In rare cases, it is formed as a connection from an adverb, say, "insulting for a friend."

4. In order to never confuse the cases of a noun, it is significant to remember that all cases in the Russian language correspond to a multifunctional question, asking the one that is given to a given noun, as a result we get the corresponding case. The genitive case corresponds to the question “no one?” for the animate and “there is nothing?” for inanimate nouns. The accusative case corresponds to the question “I see whom?” for the animate and “I see what?” for inanimate nouns. It is very difficult to determine the cases of nouns by their definitions or endings. It is possible that remembering all the definitions of the genitive and accusative cases is quite difficult. And the endings of nouns quite often coincide. Let's give an example using an animate plural noun: Nearby I noticed people (I see who? - V.p.) There were no people around (there was no one? - R.p.) in both cases, the word is identical. But, in order to finally make sure that the definition of the case is correct, mentally substitute an inanimate noun instead of an animate noun. Let's say: Nearby I noticed a pillar (I see who? - V.p.) There were no pillars around (there was no one? - R.p.) The example shows: an inanimate noun in the accusative case does not change in contrast to the same noun, which has Genitive.

5. From here it is allowed to make the following conclusions: 1. In order to distinguish the genitive from the accusative, ask the noun a defining question.2. If you find it difficult to determine the case of an animate noun, because the question "who?" applies to both cases, then substitute an inanimate noun for this noun and ask it a qualifying question. For the genitive, it will be “there is nothing?”, And for the accusative, “I see what?”. If the word looks like it's in the nominative case, then your noun's case is accusative.

In most cases, distinguishing between the genitive and accusative forms is not difficult: you just need to pay attention to the case endings. If the endings of both forms coincide, it is necessary to do according to the further algorithm.

Instruction

1. If you have an inanimate noun in front of you, then you should ask a question for this word. Nouns in the genitive case answer the question "what?" and harmonize with the word "no". Nouns in the accusative case answer the question "what?" and harmonize with the word "see". Let's say: I put on (what?) A coat - the accusative case, I go without (what?) A coat - the genitive case.

2. If you have an animated masculine noun of the II declension, then you should substitute any word of the I declension in its place and look at its ending. Let's say: shot a boar = shot a fox (ending -y - accusative case), scared of a boar = scared of a fox (ending -ы - genitive case).

3. If you have an animate noun in the plural, then it should be replaced with an inanimate noun in the same form. Let's say: I love people, I love (what?) Letters - the accusative case. I love the sincerity of people, I love the sincerity (what?) of letters - the genitive case.

Helpful advice
In Russian, there are indeclinable nouns, say, “coat”, “coffee”, when in any case the word looks identical. In this case, the case can be determined only on the key issue.

You will need

Nouns in the genitive and accusative cases.
Knowing the definition of cases.
Knowledge of questions defining cases.

Instruction

Genitive
According to the definitions in, the genitive case means:
Belonging to someone or something, for example, "a fox skin", "teacher's journal";

If there is a relationship between the whole and its part, for example, “magazine page (R.p.)”;

Displaying an attribute of an object in relation to another object, for example, “survey results (R.p.)”;

The object of influence in the presence of a verb with a negative particle “not”, for example, “does not eat meat (R.p.)”;

The object of influence in the presence of a verb denoting desire, intention or removal, for example, “wish happiness (R.p.)”, “avoid responsibility (R.p.)”;

If there is a comparison of objects, for example, “stronger than oak (R.p.)”;

If the noun is the object of a measurement, or a genitive date, such as "a spoonful of sour cream" or "Day of the Paris Commune".

Accusative
According to definitions in Russian, the accusative case means:
Transition of the action to the subject in full, for example, “flip through a magazine”, “drive a car”;

Transfer of spatial and temporal relations "walk a mile", "rest";

In rare cases, it is formed as a dependence on, for example, "it's a shame for a friend."

In order to never confuse a noun, it is important to remember that each case in the Russian language corresponds to a universal question, asking which this noun, as a result, we get the corresponding case.
The genitive case corresponds to the question “no one?” for the animate and “there is nothing?” for inanimate nouns.
The accusative case corresponds to the question “I see whom?” for the animate and “I see what?” for inanimate nouns.
It is extremely difficult to determine the cases of nouns according to its definitions. Let's say that remembering all the definitions of the genitive and accusative cases is quite difficult. And the endings of nouns quite often coincide.
Here is an example using an animate plural noun:

Nearby I noticed people (see who? - V.p.)

There were no people around (there was no one? - R.p.)
As you can see, the word is inclined in both cases in the same way.

But, in order to finally make sure that the definition of the case is correct, mentally substitute an inanimate instead of an animate noun.
For example:

Nearby I noticed a pole (I see who? - V.p.)

There were no pillars around (there was no one? - R.p.)
The example shows that an inanimate noun in the accusative case does not change, unlike the same noun in the genitive case.

From this we can draw the following conclusions:
1. To distinguish the genitive from the accusative, ask the noun a qualifying question.

2. If you determine the case of an animate noun, because the question "who?" applies to both cases, then substitute an inanimate noun for this noun and ask it a qualifying question. For the genitive, it will be “there is nothing?”, And for the accusative, “I see what?”. If the word looks like in , then your noun's case is accusative.

In most cases, distinguishing between the forms of the genitive and the accusative case does not present any difficulties: you just need to pay attention to the case endings. If the endings of both forms coincide, you need to act according to the following algorithm.

Instruction

If you have inanimate in front of you, then you should ask a question about it. Nouns in

How to distinguish the accusative case from the genitive and nominative?

Perhaps the most interesting of all the cases of the Russian language is the accusative. Because all the rest answer themselves calmly to their questions and do not cause difficulties. With the accusative case, everything is different. It can be very easily confused with nominative or genitive. After all The accusative case answers the questions “Whom? What?" The accusative case denotes the object of the action. A noun, being in the accusative case, experiences the action of another noun, which in this sentence is a predicate. Everything becomes clear on the example: "I love my brother." The noun "brother" will be in the accusative case. And he will experience a feeling of love from the pronoun “I”. What you should pay attention to when determining the case, so as not to confuse it with the nominative, is the endings. Below is a table:

To distinguish the accusative from the genitive, we will use auxiliary words and questions. For the genitive - there is no (whom, what), for the accusative - I see (whom, what). As you can see, there are different questions for animate and inanimate objects. Let's play on this.

Consider an example:

"Grandma is not at home." Let's substitute an inanimate object - "there are no keys to the house." No one, what? Grandma, keys. Genitive.

"I don't see a plate on the table." Let's substitute an animated object - "I don't see my brother on the table." I don’t see anyone - my brother, I don’t see what - a plate. Whom, what - accusative case.

Features of the accusative case.

The accusative case is used with such prepositions as "In, for, about, on, through." Difficulties can still arise with the accusative case when temporary concepts are indicated in sentences. Let's give an example "All night to rewrite the abstract." The nouns "night" and "abstract" are in this sentence in the accusative case. With such proposals, you need to be extremely careful. Along with the confusion of accusative and nominative, it can also be confused with the genitive. Let's give an example: "Wait for mother" and "Wait for a message." In the first case, the case will be genitive, and in the second - accusative. There is a difference due to the declination of animate and inanimate objects, as we have already written above.

At school, several classes are always devoted to the accusative case, as it causes the most serious difficulties for students. It is no wonder that adults often make mistakes when using the accusative case. So it's worth looking into this issue.

The accusative case is one of the 6 basic cases and is usually used in the pair "transitive verb + noun". What does this mean? This means that the noun in the accusative case experiences some kind of action directed at it by the noun or pronoun, which performs the function of the subject. A simple and understandable example is "I love my mother (dad, cat, sausages, porridge, music, flowers, etc.)" The subject, that is, the protagonist, in this case is the pronoun "I". The direct object, expressed by the noun following the verb, experiences the effect of the subject - love. And it will always be used in the accusative case.

It is quite easy to check this: firstly, you can remember the questions of cases,

the accusative answers “who? what?”, and secondly, follow the endings, substituting nouns of the 1st declension instead of the addition in ambiguous cases - mom, dad, fox, etc. All of them will end with "u".

The accusative case in Russian is often a source of errors, especially in it it is replaced by genitive, dative, nominative, and even very often verbs require the use of a nominal direct object, but errors still slip through, so studying the topic on how to use the accusative case correctly , must be combined with the topic of building phrases and the features of the pair "verb + noun".

There is still a chance to meet the accusative case in sentences in which temporary concepts are indicated, for example, "work all week", "get up every hour", "rewrite notes all night". In the latter case, both nouns are used in the accusative case, so care and caution should be exercised when parsing such sentences.

If the form of a noun is very similar to but this noun is not the subject, you can do a grammatical check to make sure that the noun is used in the accusative case.

If there are doubts about the correctness after

some verb, you should look in the dictionary and check which case you want to use. For example, such verbs as "slow down", "inspire", "report", "send", "put on" and so on.

There are still some differences in the declension of animate and inanimate nouns. For example, "wait for the letter" and "wait for the father." In the first case, the case will be genitive, and in the second - accusative. This is easy to verify by asking questions from the verb to the object. So the substitution of nouns related to the first declension is still not a panacea. There are several ways to check yourself.

And the best way to become a literate person and practically avoid mistakes is to read good literature in large quantities.

The accusative case answers the questions "whom? what?" and is used in sentences and phrases only with verbs and its forms (participle and participle). The most common function of this case in Russian is the expression of the direct object of the action: read a book, draw a picture etc. What else can the accusative case mean, and how to distinguish it from the genitive? Read the article below!

What does fall mean?

The case, which will be discussed in the article, can have completely different meanings.

For example:

The accusative of time will indicate the time of the already completed action - "meet every Tuesday."
The accusative quantity should be used to indicate the cost, when there is a reference to the quantitative side of the verbal action - "to cost a hundred rubles."
A noun in the accusative case of measures will indicate a measure of time or space - "run three kilometers."
The accusative object will call the object to which the action is directed - "throw the ball."
The accusative of the result will designate an object that will be the result of some action - “sew a T-shirt”.

In order to determine the case in front of you without error, you need to know the questions of the accusative case (whom? what?). Substitute the word “blame” or “see”, and you will immediately understand everything. For example, I blame (who?) my grandmother, I see (what?) a cutlet.

Case meanings

This form of the word has two main meanings: objective and subjective.

The object meaning may appear next to a transitive verb ( buy a cat), next to the predicate ( sorry, apparently, it is necessary, it hurts, sorry for the dog) and in one-part sentences expressing the required object ( reward for the brave).
Subjective meaning can be expressed only in a sentence (not in a phrase). Such a meaning can have an accusative case, located at the beginning of a sentence that tells us about the state of the person ( the guys were inspired by the award). The subjective meaning expresses the case in sentences like "The child is chilly." This meaning is also expressed by sentences that do not have a clear subject of action ( killed a man).

Case endings

Questions of the accusative case determine its endings.

So, what should be the endings of these forms of words?

Nouns in the singular: horse, land, mother, pig, field, mouse, path, banner.
Accusative plural (the number plays a big role in setting the correct ending) of the number: horses, edge, mothers, pigs, fields, mice, paths, banners.
Adjectives and participles in the singular have the following endings: oval and oval, oval, oval; soft and soft, soft, soft; hare and hare, hare, hare.

Accusative prepositions

This case can be combined with a large number of prepositions, both simple and derivative. If the word is combined with simple prepositions (in, for, under, on, with), then it has a definitive meaning. Moreover, this definition can be different - in place, time, property, reason, purpose, and so on. Paired with a simple preposition, the word in the case we are analyzing can also have an objective meaning ( vote for a deputy, go for mushrooms). The word can also perform the function of replenishing the necessary information ( passed for a talker).

In the whole sentence, the form of the word in the accusative case, paired with a simple preposition, performs other functions. For example, a case can indicate a predicative feature ( bravery medal). The accusative can even extend the sentence ( a kilometer from the village - a lake; miracles happen on New Year's Eve). Paired with the prepositions "for" and "under" the word can express the meaning of approximation ( he is in his forties, she is in her fifties).

Also, words in the form of the accusative case can also be combined with derivative prepositions ( in spite of, in spite of, after a day).

How to distinguish accusative from genitive: method one

In order not to confuse the cases of the Russian language, you need to remember that each of them has its own question, depending on the meaning of the case. By asking a universal question and finding a match for it, you can easily understand the word in which case is in front of your eyes. The genitive case more often denotes belonging, the "whole-part" relationship, a sign of an object in relation to some other object, an object of influence, and so on.

For this form of the word, the questions “there is no one?”, “there is nothing?” Are fixed. The accusative case will answer the questions “I see whom?”, “I see what?”. It is very difficult to determine the form of a word only by its meaning or ending. It is too difficult to remember all the meanings of the genitive and accusative case, they have many nuances. And the endings of nouns in these forms can even coincide!

Difficulties can especially often arise in determining the case of an animate noun. If the question is "who?" does not help you cope with the task, then imagine an inanimate noun in place of an animate noun. Ask a question for the genitive "no what?" and for the accusative "see what?". If the word being defined has the same form as in the nominative case, then it is in the accusative.

How to distinguish the accusative case from the genitive: the second way

If the noun in front of you is inanimate, just ask the right question ( I buy (what?) flower pots; I don’t see (what?) planters). In the second case, the word is in the genitive case.
If you see an animate noun of the 2nd declension masculine, put any word of the 1st declension in its place and watch the ending ( I see a boar - I see a fox: ending y - genitive); ( no boar - no fox: ending ы - accusative).
If you see an animate noun in the plural, then simply replace it with an inanimate noun ( love people - love (what) letters- accusative; I love the kindness of people - I love the kindness of letters- parental).

Remember that in Russian there are many indeclinable nouns ( coffee, pot and so on) that look the same in any case. In this case, all the above tips may not work. Always check the correctness of determining the case with a key question, and there will be no errors.