The influence of the natural environment on human life. What human economic activity has changed the face of the steppes

Mankind, despite all its current power and independence, has been and remains an integral part of a single diverse nature. Man, society are inextricably linked with it and are not able to exist and develop outside of nature, and primarily without their natural environment.

The relationship of man with the environment is especially pronounced in the sphere of material production. Natural resources (primarily such as minerals) serve as the natural basis for material production and the life of society as a whole. Even "coming out of nature", humanity is not able to exist without the products of labor obtained as a result of material production, "humanization of nature", and therefore, without nature as such. It is the natural basis of human life and society as a whole.

Man is most closely connected with such components of nature and the biosphere as the geographic and environment. The geographical environment is that part of nature (flora and fauna, water, soil, Earth's atmosphere) that is involved in the sphere of human life, primarily in the production process. It has a significant impact on the most diverse aspects of human life and, above all, on the development of material production. The diversity of the properties of nature was the natural basis for the division of human labor (hunting, fishing, agriculture, cattle breeding, mining). Specific areas of human activity depend on the characteristics of the geographical environment, in particular, the development of certain industries in various countries and continents.

The influence of nature in the form of a specific geographical environment on the historical development of a particular nation is different and can be very significant, such as, for example, in the form of the presence or absence of minerals, favorable natural conditions for the production of agricultural products. This difference was especially sensitive for a person at the early stages of the existence of society, when the transformation of natural objects was only a very small percentage compared to their direct use in finished form.

During the period of a low level of development of society, unfavorable natural conditions significantly slowed it down. It is no coincidence that ancient civilizations arose initially in the most comfortable conditions for the human species - in the southern countries close to the equator (on the banks of the Nile, Euphrates, Tigris, Ganges, Indus). A favorable climate required much less labor for the manufacture of dwellings and clothing, for the production of products. In the South, great opportunities opened up for a further division of labor, the emergence of a surplus product, and the emergence of culture.

However, the best natural conditions of the southern countries ensured these advantages mainly in the early stages of human development. In the future, the positive role of a climate favorable for society paradoxically began to turn into a negative one, because there was no incentive for the subsequent development of production and society as a whole.

If a person found all the means of subsistence he needed ready-made, then he would not have incentives to improve production, and, consequently, for his own development. Thus, not only the presence of certain natural conditions for production, but at the same time their lack also had an accelerating effect on the development of society. Practice has shown that it is the presence of a variety of natural conditions that is the most important favorable factor in human development.

The connection between natural conditions and human health is obvious. From the quality of water, air, soil, climatic conditions depends on the state of human health, its ability to work and longevity.

Remember in which regions of our country the largest number of centenarians lives. Guess what explains it.

It has long been noticed that beautiful landscapes have a positive effect on a person: the sea, mountains, fields, forests, steppe, lakes, rivers, etc. The best proof of this is the rest and treatment of people in resorts, as well as the widespread use of such tourism.

In maintaining people's health and treating various diseases, an important role belongs to natural factors: sunlight, sea, forest, mountain air, sea water, mineral waters, healing mud.

Name the famous resort areas in our country. Explain their placement.

There is a special branch of science - medical geography, which studies the patterns of the geographical distribution of human diseases and develops measures to combat these diseases. Medical geography studies the natural features of the territory in order to determine their impact on the health of the population, contributes to a more complete and comprehensive assessment of natural conditions in the design and implementation of a set of measures to transform nature.

Attention to people, concern for their health, rest requires a reasonable, careful attitude to nature and its riches.

Favorable conditions for human life and activity. Part of the territory of our country is distinguished by favorable conditions for human life and health: warm sunny summers, moderately cold winters, sufficient rainfall, and an abundance of attractive picturesque landscapes.

The climate of the middle and southern part of the European territory, the south of Western Siberia, and the North Caucasus is very favorable for health. For example, for a resident of temperate latitudes, the following conditions are most favorable: temperature in winter -8 ... -10 ° С, in summer + 23 ... + 25 ° С, wind speed in winter reaches 0.15 m / s, in summer - 0, 2-0.4 m/s, the relative humidity is 40-60%, respectively. These territories have long been mastered and have a high population density.

Development of territories with extreme conditions. However, in our country there are many places with unfavorable conditions for human life.

Extreme conditions (from Latin extremus - extreme, extreme, severe) are conditions that are extremely unfavorable for the human body: with very low temperatures in winter, with very high temperatures in summer, with strong winds, with very high humidity.

Rice. 136. The degree of favorable natural conditions for people's lives

On the territory of our country, the following territories with extreme conditions can be distinguished: tundra, deserts, regions of a sharply continental climate in Siberia, the Far Eastern monsoon zone.

In Primorye, for example, there is a very damp summer: people suffer from shortness of breath, everything iron quickly rusts.

The coldest regions of the Northern Hemisphere are located in Eastern Siberia, where it is extremely difficult to build any buildings due to the presence of permafrost soils. In winter, the thermometer shows -50...-60°C, and in summer sometimes more than +30°C. Here are the largest annual temperature ranges on our planet: 95°С in the south and 105°С in the north, the highest atmospheric pressure in Russia is observed in winter. Frosts at -45... -50°C can stand here continuously from 1.5 to 3 months.

Rice. 137. The degree of discomfort in the cold season (according to F. Reimers)

Natural conditions have a great influence on human life and health. Looking at Figure 137, you can determine which areas of the country are typical for certain buildings, types of clothing.

Such conditions create great difficulties not only for the people living in them, but also for the tools of labor. Temperature -45°C is critical for mechanisms. For the northern regions, it is necessary to make them from special frost-resistant materials.

The development of territories with extreme conditions requires significant expenditures of funds, as well as the enthusiasm of people.

Rice. 138. The structure of the concept, "natural goods" (according to N. F. Reimers)

When developing these territories, the use of the achievements of science and technology is of great importance.

Give examples of the development of territories with the help of the achievements of science and technology, known to you from the courses of physics, chemistry, as well as from the materials of the periodical press.

Natural natural phenomena and their causes. Significant difficulties in human life and activities are associated with natural disasters. Natural phenomena are usually understood as unexpected, terrible in their consequences for a person, violations of the normal course of natural processes.

Natural disasters can be catastrophic. The types of natural disasters are very diverse (Fig. 139). Often these phenomena cause superstitious fear in people, give rise to faith in supernatural forces. Volcanic eruptions have always inspired people with particular fear. Here, the “forces of hell” escaping from the bowels of the Earth appeared with their own eyes: red-hot lava, hot ash, scorching clouds, mud flows. Air whirlwinds are infamous - tornadoes: they turn over cars, cut down forests, carry almost unruffled stacks of hay, destroy buildings and can cripple and even kill people.

In order to understand and explain the causes of various natural phenomena, it is necessary to know the laws of development of the Earth's shells.

Rice. 139. The relationship of natural phenomena in the lithosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere

Analyzing the diagram (see Fig. 139), indicate what causes this or that natural disaster. (Check your answers against §44.)

Tell us what are the consequences of these natural phenomena (you can use the materials of the periodical press).

Geography of natural phenomena. Many natural phenomena - earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, etc. are associated with areas of active mountain building. In Russia, such areas are located in the Caucasus and the Far East. Avalanches, landslides, mudflows are also formed in mountainous regions in the Caucasus, as well as in the Urals, in the Khibiny.

River floods occur mainly on rivers with unregulated flow. With the construction of dams and reservoirs, the risk of floods is drastically reduced.

Tornadoes occur in the center of the European part of the country; their formation is associated with sharp pressure drops, a change in air masses, but such manifestations, as in the classic "tornado country" - the southern states of the United States, are prevented by forests.

Surge floods occur when a headwind closes river mouths, raises the water level in the bay into which the river flows, makes it turn back. Such, for example, are the famous floods of St. Petersburg.

Depending on which area, inhabited or undeveloped, this or that natural phenomenon occurs, it is either classified as a natural disaster or not. In a populated area, it causes great material damage, and sometimes leads to the death of people, which is why it is called a disaster.

Measures to combat natural disasters. In order to combat spontaneous natural phenomena, one must first of all know well the causes of their origin. Scientists who study and try to predict natural phenomena come to the aid of people. This is a very difficult and complex work, despite the fact that it uses the latest achievements of science and technology, in particular space methods.

In our country, forecasts of volcanic eruptions in Kamchatka are being successfully carried out, local forecasts of avalanches, mudflows, and floods are being carried out. To protect people from some of the natural disasters, special structures are being created.

People have already learned how to predict droughts and floods, hurricanes and storms, snowstorms and snow drifts in advance. But there remains a lot of unknown, requiring great efforts in the study of natural elements.

Great help in understanding the formidable forces of nature will be provided by more detailed space methods of their study, because they allow one to obtain new operational information about the formidable natural phenomena. In the future, people will conduct regular observations covering the entire Earth and make a forecast of natural processes, and in some cases even warn them.

To protect the country's population from natural and man-made disasters, a special Ministry for Emergency Situations has been created. Well-trained and equipped professionals quickly move to the disaster area and provide assistance to the victims.

Questions and tasks

Name natural phenomena that prevent a person from mastering nature.
What environmental conditions are considered extreme?
In what areas of our country and why do natural disasters occur? What measures are taken to combat them?
Draw in your notebook and complete the table.

Table 11. The degree of comfort of territories for people's lives

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Topic: The influence of natural conditions on human life and health.

Environment Natural resources Natural conditions

Natural resources are parts, components of nature that a person uses or will use in the future in his economic activities. Natural conditions are those properties and features of nature that directly affect the settlement, life and health of people.

Medical geography - studies the spread of diseases and evaluates natural conditions in order to identify their impact on the health of the population. Recreational geography is the science of the territorial organization of people's recreation.

Favorable conditions for human life and activity. Warm sunny summers Moderately cold winters Adequate rainfall Abundance of attractive scenic landscapes. Mountain air.

Natural phenomena in the hydrosphere

Natural phenomena floods, tsunamis, snowfalls and downpours are natural phenomena that manifest themselves as powerful, destructive forces beyond the control of man.

Neva River F.Ya. Alekseev "Flood" of 1824"

Flooding Cause: The inflow of large volumes of water as a result of floods, snowmelt, prolonged rains, lasting from several hours to several days

1 construction of dams 2 creation of the reservoir Zeya HPP 3 dredging of the river bed 4 forest areas along the banks of the rivers

The Volga river most often suffered from floods on the river: Tver Uglich Kazan Samara

Amur river cause: monsoon rains largest floods: 1958 1984

Tsunami big wave in the harbor (from Japanese) cause: underwater volcanic eruption, earthquake height 20-30m

Natural phenomena in the atmosphere Gale winds are the most common natural disaster.

Aftermath of the hurricane

Tornadoes swept through the fields of the Kharkov region.

Friendly neighborhood - tornado and lightning.

heavy snowfalls N.E. Sverchkov "Caught by a storm" impact on human life traffic stop movement and human health violation of power lines

Downpour reason: the passage of a cyclone with very low pressure in the center of the impact on human life is washed away the top fertile layer of the earth can be the cause of mudflows, a landslide in the mountains washes away roads, railway embankments

The work of the Ministry of Emergency Situations

What did you learn in the lesson? What did you learn in the lesson? Homework: STR.254-260 fill in table No. 2.

Goals

During the classes:

Part of nature with which humanity interacts in its life and production activities -

natural conditions- this is a set of environmental properties (geographical position of the territory, relief, climate, regime of rivers and lakes, natural resources).

medical geography

Warm sunny summer
Moderately cold winter
Sufficient amount of moisture
Plain
fertile soils
The presence of a reservoir
Beautiful landscapes, etc.

Extreme conditions These are extremely unfavorable conditions for the human body:

Very low temperatures

Heatwave

Very high humidity

In Russia, these are tundra, deserts, areas of sharply continental climate in Siberia and the Far East. For example, in Primorye there is a very damp summer - people suffer from shortness of breath, mechanisms rust. Eastern Siberia has the coldest winter, permafrost, temperature differences, and very high atmospheric pressure.

Natural natural phenomena -

Phenomena of the lithosphere: earthquakes, volcanism are associated with areas of active mountain building - the Caucasus, the Far East.
Atmospheric phenomena: tornadoes, hurricanes - in the European part.

Environment		medical geography	Nosogeography	Recreational geography
Climate and weather Relief Landscapes and soil composition Flora and fauna The nature of inland waters natural areas Natural resources natural phenomena	Dwellings clothing Food Electricity healthcare		The study of the patterns of the spread of diseases associated with the characteristics of the environment	The science of the influence of natural factors on recreational activities, the territorial organization of recreation

Practical work.

View document content
"Influence of natural conditions on human life and health."

Influence of natural conditions on human life and health.

Goals: 1 to give the concept of favorable, unfavorable and extreme conditions.

2 identify areas of Russia with different living conditions.

3 to establish a connection between natural conditions and human health, his way of life and economic activity.

During the classes:

Part of nature with which humanity interacts in its life and production activities - natural (environment) environment.

natural conditions- this is a set of environmental properties (geographical position of the territory, relief, climate, regime of rivers and lakes, natural resources).

The connection between natural conditions and human health is obvious:

Human health depends on the quality of water, air, soil, climatic conditions

Beautiful landscapes have a positive effect on the emotional health of a person: forest, lake, sea, mountains, etc.

In maintaining human health and treating various diseases, an important role belongs to natural factors: the sun's rays, sea, mountain, forest air, mineral waters, therapeutic mud.

Natural factors affecting human health

medical geography studies the features of the territory in order to clarify their impact on the health of the population, as well as the patterns of the geographical distribution of human diseases and measures to combat them.

The practical significance of the medical-geographical assessment lies in the possibility of compiling a medical-geographical forecast for the territory.

The influence of natural factors on human health can be positive and negative, can disrupt its normal functioning and often cause certain diseases. So, as a result of the adverse effects of natural factors, frostbite, heat and sunstroke, altitude sickness, snow blindness, poisoning by poisonous plants, and others can occur. Sometimes human diseases occur due to a lack of various trace elements in drinking water, as well as vitamins in food.

The study of natural factors is necessary to develop a mechanism for human acclimatization to certain conditions. Many anti-epidemiological measures can be successfully carried out only on the basis of a thorough study of the natural factors of specific territories, for example, the areas of carriers of natural focal human diseases, etc.

Favorable conditions for human life and health:

Warm sunny summer

Moderately cold winter

Sufficient amount of moisture

fertile soils
The presence of a reservoir
Beautiful landscapes, etc.

In Russia, the middle and southern parts of the Russian Plain, the Urals, the North Caucasus, and southern Siberia are considered favorable territories.

Extreme conditions These are extremely unfavorable conditions for the human body:

Very low temperatures

Heatwave

Very high humidity

Constantly strong wind, etc.

In Russia, these are tundra, deserts, areas of sharply continental climate in Siberia and the Far East. For example, Primorye has a very damp summer - people suffer from shortness of breath, mechanisms rust. Eastern Siberia has the coldest winter, permafrost, temperature differences, and very high atmospheric pressure.

Natural natural phenomena - these are unexpected, terrible in their consequences for a person, violations of the normal course of natural processes. They can become catastrophic.

Phenomena of the lithosphere: earthquakes, volcanism are associated with areas of active mountain building - the Caucasus, the Far East.

Hydrosphere phenomena: floods on large rivers in areas where there is a lot of snow in winter.

Atmospheric phenomena: tornadoes, hurricanes - in the European part.

Environment	Ways to protect against the adverse effects of the environment	medical geography	Nosogeography	Recreational geography
Climate and weather Landscapes and soil composition Flora and fauna The nature of inland waters natural areas Natural resources natural phenomena	Food Electricity Changing the environment (construction of engineering structures, drainage of swamps, irrigation of lands, etc.) healthcare The development of geography, knowledge about the environment. environment	The study of the natural features of the territories in order to clarify their impact on the health of the population	Studying the patterns of the spread of diseases associated with the characteristics of the environment	The science of the influence of natural factors on recreational activities, the territorial organization of recreation

Practical work.

Identification of the comfort of natural conditions for different territories of the country.

Soils, PZ

Rivers, lakes

Probability of natural phenomena

Volgograd

Norilsk

Vladivostok

Krasnodar

MBOU Sosvinskaya secondary school

Open lesson in 8th grade

GEOGRAPHY

Theme of the lesson: "The influence of natural conditions on human life and health"

Geography teacher:

Loginova V.V.

Sosva 2014.

Theme of the lesson "The influence of natural conditions on human life and health"

Russian geography lesson in 8th grade.

Lesson objectives:
- to form an idea of favorable and extreme living conditions for people;

To deepen knowledge about the influence of natural conditions on human life and health;

Develop skills in working with different sources of geographic information.

Create conditions for the development of students' speech in the lesson;

The use of the regional component as an increase in interest in the native land

Equipment: maps of Russia, computer, atlases, handouts.

During the classes

Organizing time:

Determining the topic and setting the goal of the lesson.

Introduction by the teacher.

Today we have an unusual lesson. His topic is painfully familiar to all of us firsthand: they talk about it on the radio and show it on television, experts talk at conferences. This topic has too many unresolved, controversial issues, and therefore will always be relevant.

you.

Associations : deer, reindeer moss, lakes, arctic circle, permafrost, Taimyr (tundra)

Black Sea, Caucasus Mountains, cruise liners (South of Russia)

II Actualization of knowledge

Relationship between natural conditions and human health obvious. From the quality of water, air, soil, climatic conditions depends on the state of human health, its ability to work and longevity.

Remember in which regions of our country the largest number of centenarians lives. Think about what explains it.

III Learning new material.

In maintaining human health and treating various diseases, an important role belongs to natural factors: sun rays, sea, forest, mountain air, sea water, mineral waters, healing mud.

- Temperature and humidity. Atmosphere pressure
- Proximity or distance from water bodies, quality of drinking water;
- The condition of landscapes and the sanitary condition of the soils on which edible vegetables and fruits are grown

There is a special branch of science - MEDICAL GEOGRAPHY, which studies the patterns of the spread of human diseases.

RECREATION GEOGRAPHY- the science of the territory of organizing people's recreation.

Warm sunny summer Cold summer

Moderately cold winter Very damp summer

Adequate rainfall Harsh winter

Abundance of beautiful places (water bodies) Poor natural resources

Mountain air

Development of territories with extreme conditions. However, in our country there are many places with unfavorable conditions for human life.

In Primorye, for example, there is a very damp summer: people suffer from shortness of breath, everything iron quickly rusts.

Rice. 137. The degree of discomfort in the cold season (according to F. Reimers)

Natural conditions have a great influence on human life and health. Looking at Figure 137, you can determine which areas of the country are typical for certain buildings, types of clothing.

The development of territories with extreme conditions requires significant expenditures of funds, as well as the enthusiasm of people.

Difficult natural conditions create great difficulties in the development of territories, require significant material costs for the construction and maintenance of a certain standard of living.

IV . Practical work "Studying the degree of favorable natural conditions for people's lives."

This practical work allows us to conclude that unfavorable conditions for the life and economic activity of the population prevail on the territory of Russia. Russia is the coldest country on the planet (not counting Antarctica).
Territory with favorable conditions for people to live in Russia occupy only 1/3 of its area.

We all would very much like to know first your general opinion on the ecology of such a large and rich country as Russia, and then each group will be given the opportunity to determine the most ecologically clean and dirty areas, as well as determine the reasons for their cleanliness or outline ways to improve their ecological condition, But first, let's give the floor to our guest - an ecologist.

Now each group will try to make mineenvironmental hazard rating in the natural regions of Russia. You can do this work by filling in a table of the general environmental situation in Russia, and then we will compare your data with the data of environmentalists and determine the level of your environmental competence in relation to our native country. You fill in the data for each natural area on the basis of a 10-point scale and determine the average score.

Teacher:

You received your GPA according to the degree of environmental comfort of the territory of Russia . Raise your hands, who made it 10 points; 1 point; 5 points or close to it. As you can see from your activity, the ecological state in Russia is average.

And how do experts evaluate it?

You can give many more examples of your good and not so good activities in the environment, but every person who lives on Earth must remember that he is part of it, and therefore must take care of everything living and inanimate and not tear himself away from nature.

Area favorable for the life of the population of territories by country of the world
(in million sq. km)

The maximum population density is observed in areas with favorable natural conditions for life:

North Caucasus and South-West of the European part of Russia (the most favorable conditions);

The central regions of the East European Plain, the South of Western Siberia, the foothills of the mountains of Southern Siberia, the extreme South of Central Siberia and the Far East (favorable conditions).

V. Fixing the material.

"Attention! Problem"
“Can a person completely free himself from the influence of the natural environment on his life and work”

A person cannot completely free himself from the influence of the natural environment, but headapts adapts to the conditions in which he lives and engages in economic activities.

Try to determine the degree of your impact on nature and evaluate it. To do this, each of you is invited to draw a little man (yourself) in the center on a separate piece of paper, and from him with arrows in different directions (like the rays of the sun) draw what you personally do in nature.

Now name aloud: a) what, in your opinion, everyone should do to make the ecological situation in our country better; b) something that can never be done in the environment.

I'm not against progress, No - no!

I understand the scope and grandeur. But I beg you, age:

Save At least some small savagery.

Save the lakeside reeds, Save the country cherries,

Save the primordial silence, From which we once came out.

VI. Reflection

Students relate "new" information to "old" information using the knowledge gained at the comprehension stage.

The influence of the natural environment on human life. What human economic activity has changed the face of the steppes

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View document content "Influence of natural conditions on human life and health."

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"Influence of natural conditions on human life and health."