Military districts and their centers. Military districts of Russia

Military districts (VO) are a combined-arms territorial association of various local military formations, educational institutions and units of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. The distribution of the country's territory is practiced not only in Russia, but also in other states. The purpose of dividing into military districts is to ensure the implementation of activities related to the preparation of the armed forces and the entire country in case of war, the opportunity to purposefully organize the proper training of headquarters and troops, as well as ease of management.

Story

The military districts were originally internal and border, were named either after the name of the cities where the headquarters was stationed, or were numbered. Within each VO there was a division into garrisons. The military districts were and are headed by commanders subordinate to the Minister of Defense. For the first time, VO were established in 1862 as a result of the reforms of D. M. Milyutin, the Minister of War of those times.

It was planned to create military districts on the territory of Russia in the amount of 15. In 1914, there were only 12 of them, plus the military district of the Don Cossacks equated to them. Before World War I, there were Vilna, Warsaw, Kazan, Caucasian, Kyiv, Irkutsk, Omsk, Odessa, Moscow, Turkestan, Petersburg and Amur military districts, then Minsk and Dvina were formed.

The Transcaspian region and the Don Army were in a special position. The first Soviet military district was formed by the Council of People's Commissars in 1918 - this is the Petrograd Military District. Two months later, 11 military districts were allocated on the territory of the young republic, compressed from all sides by the White Guard troops. The following - Moscow, Yaroslavl, Orlovsky, Ural, Belomorsky and Volga - were formed already during the Civil War.

At the head of the troops, located in a separate territory, was the commander of the military district. The leadership was taken over by the headquarters, to which not only the troops were subordinate, but also the military commissariats, the political administration of the entire district, the heads of all branches of the military and all services.

Thirties

In 1935, the administrative division in the Red Army changed radically, as the threat of armed aggression increased. The old doctrine regarding mobilization and all its structures no longer corresponded to the potential invasion of enemies on the USSR, therefore, out of two separate armies and eight districts, 13 were created - Moscow, Belorussian, Leningrad, Kharkov, Kyiv, Transcaucasia, North Caucasian, Volga, Central Asian , Siberian, Ural, Far Eastern and Trans-Baikal.

The territorial composition has also changed. The division of military districts into internal and border areas was supplemented by rear and frontal military districts. The frontal ones were to be deployed to the fronts, and the mobilization points of the rear districts would accordingly supply them with material and human resources. Thus, each group of the border and two internal MDs could form a strategic direction.

War

The campaign in Western Ukraine and Belarus in 1939 was carried out by the troops of the Kyiv and Belorussian special military districts under the command of the departments of the corresponding fronts of the same name, which, upon completion of the operation, were again transformed into military districts. Before the beginning of the Great Patriotic War in the Soviet Union there were 16 VOs and one (Far Eastern) Front. Five months later, seven of them ceased to exist due to the loss of territories after the start of the war. In November 1941, the Order of I.V. Stalin regarding the territories of the Military District was issued.

Arkhangelsk VO - Komi ASSR, Vologda and Arkhangelsk regions. The military headquarters of the district - Arkhangelsk.
Moscow Military District - Mordovian, Chuvash, Mari, Tatar, Udmurt Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republics, Ryazan, Kirov, Tula, Gorky, Ivanovo, Yaroslavl, Moscow regions with headquarters in Gorky.
Volga Military District - part of the Stalingrad, east of the Kursk and Oryol regions, Voronezh, Tambov, Penza, Saratov, Kuibyshev regions with headquarters in Saratov.
Stalingrad VO - the rest of Stalingrad, Rostov region, Kalmyk ASSR, Astrakhan district, west of the West Kazakhstan region with headquarters in Stalingrad.
Ural Military District - Kustanai, Chelyabinsk, Molotov, Sverdlovsk and part of the Omsk region, Komi-Permyatsky district with headquarters in Sverdlovsk.
South Ural Military District - Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, Guryev, Aktobe, West Kazakhstan and Chkalov regions with headquarters in Chkalov.
North Caucasian Military District - south of Rostov, Cherkessk and Karachaev Autonomous Regions, Krasnodar Territory and Kizlyar District, Chechen-Ingush and Kabardino-Balkarian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republics with headquarters in Armavir.
Transcaucasian Front - Adjara, Abkhazian, Nakhichevan, Dagestan and North Ossetian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republics, Armenian, Azerbaijani and Georgian SSRs, South Ossetian, Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Regions with front headquarters in Tbilisi.
Central Asian Military District - the rest of the Kazakh, Kirghiz, Turkmen, Tajik, Uzbek SSR with headquarters in Tashkent.

After the war

In July 1945, by a new order of the People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR, new districts were organized and the boundaries of the existing ones were changed. The fronts were disbanded, new groups of troops appeared. Another reform took place after the victory over Japan. By October 1945, the fronts were transformed into military districts, demobilization took place, and after 1948 the number of districts was significantly reduced.

During this period, each military district necessarily included up to four motorized rifle or tank divisions, as well as up to five combined arms armies or corps. With very few changes, this whole structure functioned until the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991.

Modern Russia

Until 2010, there were six military districts in Russia, in addition, from 1995 to 1998 there was a special Kaliningrad region, which was subordinate to the command of the Baltic Fleet. In July 2010, according to the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation, the military districts were enlarged and reformed. There were four of them. In each of them, following the example of the US Armed Forces, a military district administration was created - a unified strategic command - USC.

USC "West" was created on the basis of the Leningrad and Moscow military districts, the Northern and Baltic fleets. The headquarters is located in St. Petersburg.
USC "South" was created from part of the Volga-Urals and the entire North Caucasus military districts, which also included the Black Sea Fleet and the Caspian Flotilla of the Navy. The headquarters is located in Rostov-on-Don.
USC "Center" was created from parts of the Volga-Ural and Siberian (up to Baikal) military districts, the headquarters is located in Yekaterinburg.
USC "Vostok" was created from the Far Eastern and eastern parts of the Siberian military districts, the headquarters is located in Khabarovsk.

Reasons for reforms

According to the explanations of the employees of the General Staff, such a plan of enlargement makes it possible to manage all branches of the military much more effectively. The reform helped create strategic groupings of unprecedented power. Each of them can not only repel aggression, but also deter enemy troops.

The responsibility of the command of the renewed military districts has also increased significantly. In addition, the need for reforms is also ripe because completely new ways of waging wars have appeared. Conflicts are now most often local, fleeting, they involve a limited contingent of the armed forces. OSK in peacetime are still referred to as the military districts of the Russian Federation.

East

The Eastern Military District is a military-administrative unit of the RF Armed Forces, which is designed to protect the eastern part of the country. It united all military units that are deployed in the Far East and Transbaikalia. The operational subordination of the commander of the Eastern Military District is not only combat formations.

Internal troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation (operational troops, naval detachments and many other units).
DUI of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation (700 cadets of the Far Eastern Law Institute).
Border departments of this region (border ships - PSKR, linear outposts).
KhPI FSB RF (Border Institute in Khabarovsk).
Pacific Naval Institute.
Ussuriysk Suvorov Military School.

In 2016, three formations will be fully equipped with contract soldiers, in total more than 22,000 real specialists have been recruited. Eight formations of the district are already completed, including the district ground forces and the Pacific Fleet. The number of contractors significantly exceeds the number of conscripts. More than 850 units of modern equipment and weapons were received by the district in 2015 alone. Including the submarine cruiser (missile, strategic) "Alexander Nevsky", a set of tactical complex "Iskander-M", complexes S-400 ("Verba" and "Triumph"), salvo systems "Tornado-G" and many other equipment . The Aerospace Forces were equipped with Su-35S fighters. And in 2016, these high rates of rearmament will continue and even increase. Su-30, Su-34, Su-35 aircraft, Mi-8 AMTSh, Ka-53, Ka-27 helicopters, combat surface ships, Bastion coastal complexes and many other weapons will be delivered.

Centre

The Central Military District was formed from part of the Siberian and the entire Volga-Urals Military District. It includes the command of the Air Force and Air Defense Forces, as well as the 201st military base, which is stationed in Tajikistan. This is the largest military district with an area of more than seven million square kilometers, which is forty percent of the territory of Russia and more than half of its population. The commander of the Central Military District has under his command all the formations of the branches and types of troops that are deployed in this territory, with the exception of strategic missile forces, as well as the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the Border Services of the FSB, parts of the Ministry of Emergency Situations, educational institutions and much more.

The formations of the district are armed with 12 Tochka-U launchers and the same number of Iskanders, more than 500 T-72 tanks, more than 800 BMP-2 and BMD-2, over 300 BTR-80, about 500 self-propelled guns, towed guns, 300 rocket launchers "Uragan" and "Grad", anti-tank missile systems, more than 250 launchers S-300V, "Strela-10", "Buk", "Osa", "Tor", 50 ZPRK "Tunguska", more than 20 ZSU " Shilka. Tank reserves are located here at two central bases, which contain more armored vehicles than are currently in service in the units.

The air defense of the Central Military District is also equipped with the latest technology: six anti-aircraft missile regiments armed with S-300P air defense systems. The aviation of the district has Su-24 front-line bombers, MiG-24 interceptors, Mi-8 and Mi-26 transport helicopters. Long-range strategic aviation, located on the territory of the district, is subordinate to a higher command. These are air bases in Engels, Irkutsk and Orenburg.

South

On the basis of the North Caucasus Military District (North Caucasian), the Southern Military District was formed. It includes the Caspian Flotilla, the Black Sea Fleet, the Air Force and Air Defense Command. In addition, outside the Russian Federation there are military bases subordinate to the Southern North Kazakhstan region. There are three of them: in Abkhazia, South Ossetia and Armenia. All military formations on the territory of the district are subordinate to the commander, except, again, for the strategic missile and space forces of the Russian Federation.

The Southern Military District is armed with about 400 T-72 and T-90 tanks, more than a thousand BMD and BMP, 250 wheeled BTR-80, 800 tracked BTR-D and MTLB, almost 500 self-propelled guns, towed guns, mortars, many Smerch "and the latest "Tornado", as well as S-300V and S-300P, S-400, "Buki", "Tora", "Wasps", "Arrows" and "Tunguska". The Air Force is equipped with Su-24 front-line bombers, Su-25 attack aircraft, MiG-29, Su-30, Su-27 fighters. The district is also powerfully armed with helicopters - combat Ka-52, Mi-28N, Mi-24, there are also Mi-26 and Mi-8 transporters. The Black Sea Fleet is based in Novorossiysk and Sevastopol. Submarines, missile cruisers, anti-submarine, landing and patrol ships, missile boats and minesweepers concentrated there. The Caspian flotilla has patrol missile ships with Caliber-NK and Onyx, landing and missile boats, and minesweepers.

West

The Western Military District was the first to be formed according to the new system of military administration in connection with the reform of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. All types and types of troops are subordinated to the command of the district, except for strategic missile forces, which are located on its territory. Also, the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the PS of the FSB, the Ministry of Emergency Situations, who serve in the west of the country, are operationally subordinate to him. Until 2014, under the auspices of the Western Military District, the Northern Fleet was transferred to the Joint Strategic Command of the Northern Military District.

The equipment of the troops of the district is the most modern, and there is no shortage of it. In service there are tactical missiles "Tochka-U" and "Iskander", tanks T-72 and T-90, wheeled and tracked infantry fighting vehicles, MTLB, infantry fighting vehicles and armored personnel carriers, self-propelled guns, mortars, many rocket launchers "Grad", "Smerch", " Hurricane”, more than 200 anti-tank systems, about 500 S-300V and S-400 launchers, Tor, Buk, Osa, Strela-10, dozens of Tunguska and Shilka air defense systems. I must say that there are significantly more anti-aircraft regiments in this district than in all the others - 22 out of 38. In addition, several thousand T-90 and T-72 tanks and other armored vehicles are stored in reserve. Aviation has about a hundred front-line bombers - Su-34 and Su-24, fighters and interceptors, including carrier-based ones. There are also many helicopters, there are even multi-purpose Mi-8-17 and naval Ka-27-29-32. The Baltic Fleet owns diesel submarines, destroyers, patrol ships, corvettes, anti-submarine, landing and missile ships, boats and minesweepers.

MILITARY ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION

RUSSIAN FEDERATION

In accordance with the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of September 20, 2010

1144 "On the military-administrative division of the Russian Federation" it is established that the main military-administrative unit of the Russian Federation is the military district of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.

Military-administrative division of the Russian Federation since December 1, 2010

Western military district - within the administrative boundaries of the Republic of Karelia, the Republic of Komi, Arkhangelsk, Belgorod, Bryansk, Vladimir, Vologda, Voronezh, Ivanovo, Kaliningrad, Kaluga, Kostroma, Kursk, Leningrad, Lipetsk, Moscow, Murmansk, Nizhny Novgorod, Novgorod, Oryol, Pskov, Ryazan, Smolensk, Tambov, Tver, Tula, Yaroslavl regions, Moscow, St. Petersburg, Nenets Autonomous Okrug;

Southern Military District - within the administrative boundaries of the Republic of Adygea, the Republic of Dagestan, the Republic of Ingushetia, the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, the Republic of Kalmykia, the Karachay-Cherkess Republic, the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania, the Chechen Republic, Krasnodar, Stavropol Territories, Astrakhan, Volgograd and Rostov Regions;

Central Military District - within the administrative boundaries of the Republic of Altai, the Republic of Bashkortostan, the Republic of Mari El, the Republic of Mordovia, the Republic of Tatarstan, the Republic of Tyva, the Udmurt Republic, the Republic of Khakassia, the Chuvash Republic, Altai, Krasnoyarsk, Perm Territories, Irkutsk, Kemerovo, Kirov, Kurgan, Novosibirsk, Omsk , Orenburg, Penza, Samara, Saratov, Sverdlovsk, Tomsk, Tyumen, Ulyanovsk, Chelyabinsk regions, Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - Yugra and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug;

Eastern Military District - within the administrative boundaries of the Republic of Buryatia, the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), Zabaikalsky, Kamchatka, Primorsky, Khabarovsk Territories, Amur, Magadan, Sakhalin Regions, Jewish Autonomous Region, Chukotka Autonomous Okrug.

DECREE

of the President of the Russian Federation dated 27.07.98 N 901

" ON THE APPROVAL OF THE REGULATIONS ON THE MILITARY DISTRICT OF THE ARMED FORCES OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION"

In order to optimize the command and control structure of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, as well as to improve their interaction with other troops, military formations and bodies in solving defense tasks in the regions of the Russian Federation, I decree:

1. Approve the attached Regulations on the military district of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.

2. The Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, other federal ministries and other federal executive bodies, which include troops, military formations and bodies, shall be guided by the Regulations on the Military District of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation when organizing and carrying out their activities.

3. This Decree comes into force from the date of its signing.

The president

Russian Federation

B. YELTSIN

Moscow Kremlin

No. 901

POSITION

ON THE MILITARY DISTRICT OF THE ARMED FORCES OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

(As amended by Decrees of the President of the Russian Federation of 08.10.2002 N 880, of 11.19.2003 N 1365)

I. General provisions

1. The military district of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as the military district) is the main military administrative unit of the Russian Federation, a combined-arms operational-strategic territorial association of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as the Armed Forces) and is intended to take measures to prepare for an armed protection and for the armed defense of the Russian Federation, the integrity and inviolability of its territory within the established limits of responsibility.

The boundaries of responsibility of a military district are established by the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as the General Staff).

2. A military district as an association of the Armed Forces includes military command and control bodies, associations, formations, military units, organizations of the Armed Forces and military commissariats located on its territory, according to the lists approved by the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation and the Chief of the General Staff.

The boundaries of a military district as a military administrative unit, as well as the number of military districts in the Russian Federation, are established by the President of the Russian Federation on the proposal of the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation.

Decisions on the creation, reorganization and liquidation of military districts are taken by the President of the Russian Federation on the proposal of the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation.

3. The leadership of the military district is carried out by the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation.

The General Staff carries out operational management of the military district in accordance with the decisions of the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation and ensures control over their implementation.

The Commander-in-Chief of the Ground Forces - Deputy Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation shall manage the military district in accordance with the decisions of the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation on issues within his competence.

(as amended by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of 10.08.2002 N 880)

For a military district, directives and instructions from the Deputy Ministers of Defense of the Russian Federation on issues within their competence are also binding.

4. The relationship of the military district with the formations, formations, military units and organizations of the border troops, internal troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, the Railway Troops of the Russian Federation, civil defense troops, engineering and technical and road-building military formations of the Russian Federation stationed on its territory, bodies of the federal security service and the federal body of special communications and information (hereinafter referred to as other troops, military formations and bodies) are carried out in accordance with federal laws, decrees and orders of the President of the Russian Federation, orders and directives of the Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, joint regulatory legal acts of the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation and federal ministries, other federal executive bodies, which include these troops, military formations and bodies, as well as in accordance with in line with the directives of the General Staff.

(as amended by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of November 19, 2003 N 1365)

II. The main tasks of the military district

5. The main tasks of the military district are:

a) revealing direct preparation and reflection in cooperation with other troops, military formations and agencies of aggression against the Russian Federation within the limits of responsibility;

b) maintaining the combat and mobilization readiness of troops (forces) at a level that ensures the timely fulfillment of the tasks assigned to them;

c) maintaining and improving the base for the mobilization deployment of troops (forces), which ensures their deployment and the solution of tasks to repel aggression against the Russian Federation within the limits of responsibility, the creation of a stock of mobilization resources, reserves for troops (forces), as well as participation in the preparation of citizens for military service and conscription of them for military service, carrying out work on the admission of citizens for military service under the contract;

d) comprehensive support for the activities of the troops of the military district, as well as other troops (forces) transferred to the subordination of the military district;

e) air defense of troops (forces) and facilities, as well as protection of the state border of the Russian Federation in the airspace within the limits of responsibility;

f) operational, combat and mobilization training of subordinate bodies of military command, troops (forces), as well as joint operational, combat and mobilization training with other troops, military formations and bodies deployed on the territory of the military district;

g) improvement of the operational equipment of the territory of the military district in the interests of defense, construction and operation of military infrastructure facilities;

h) preparation and conduct of territorial defense;

Management bodies of military formations and units, garrisons

Military district

Levels of military command

Question 8. Military-administrative division of the Russian Federation. military district. Territorial bodies of military administration

1. The Ministry of Defense of Russia carries out its activities:

ü directly;

ü through local authorities:

command of the military districts;

command of military units and formations;

military commissariats.

The division of the territory of Russia into military districts, each of which covers several subjects of the Russian Federation, and military districts into smaller military administrative units, is called the military administrative division of the Russian Federation.

The military-administrative division of the Russian Federation does not completely coincide with the administrative-territorial division of the Russian Federation, although it takes into account the latter.

2. Military district of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation is the main military-administrative unit of the Russian Federation, a combined-arms operational-strategic territorial association of the Armed Forces and is designed to carry out measures to prepare for the armed defense of the Russian Federation, the integrity and inviolability of the territory within the established limits of responsibility.

The military district as an association of the Armed Forces includes:

ü military command and control;

ü associations, formations, military units;

ü organizations of the Armed Forces and military commissariats located on its territory.

The military district is administered by the commander of the troops of the military district, who heads the military district administration (operational-strategic command).

The directorate of the military district organizes and ensures the solution of the tasks assigned to the military district in cooperation with the main command of the types and commands of the armed forces of the Armed Forces, the main and central departments of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation and the rear of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.

The Russian Federation has 6 military districts:

ü Leningradsky;

ü Moscow;

ü North Caucasian;

ü Volga-Ural;

ü Siberian;

ü Far East.

3. Control bodies of military formations and units are intended for the implementation of direct and daily control of military units and subunits that are part of their organizational and staffing structure.

The governing bodies of military formations and units consist of:

ü from the control of the connection (part);

ü the headquarters of the formation (part);

ü Headquarters support units.

In every garrison appointed head of the garrison(by order of the commander of the military district), his deputies, military commander and other officials for:

maintaining military discipline in the garrison;

ü organization of garrison and guard service;

ü organizing and conducting territorial defense measures in cooperation with other troops and military formations;

ü implementation of mobilization measures of the garrison;

ü providing the necessary conditions for daily life and training of troops;

organization of fire protection;

ü carrying out garrison activities with the involvement of troops.

4. Military commissariats are territorial bodies of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation in the republics, territories, regions, cities of federal significance, autonomous regions and autonomous districts, as well as in districts (other administrative-territorial units), cities (without district division) and are part of military districts.

Military commissariats are designed to resolve issues in the field of defense of the Russian Federation by preparing human and economic resources for conscription and assignment (staging) to the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, other troops, military formations and bodies.

In 2010, the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation on the creation of military-administrative territorial associations was issued, and therefore separate military districts were created. This division is used in many countries of the world to ensure security in case of war. And now in Russia there are four separate districts and the Joint Strategic Command "Northern Fleet".

Confluence of Leningrad and Moscow

The very first in the new system of division of the military administration of the Russian Federation was the Western Military District. It includes two fleets - the Baltic and the Northern (the latter was withdrawn from the jurisdiction of the Western Military District in 2014), as well as the First Command of the Air Defense and the Air Force. It was formed as a result of a merger - the Leningrad and Moscow military districts were merged into one. It is quite large - up to forty percent of the total number of the country's armed forces.

The Western Military District is located within the boundaries of the Central, North-Western and some part of the Volga administrative region. These are the cities of St. Petersburg and Moscow, the republics of Komi, Karelia, the Nenets Autonomous District, the regions of Yaroslavl, Tula, Tver, Tambov, Smolensk, Ryazan, Pskov, Oryol, Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Murmansk, Moscow, Lipetsk, Leningrad, Kursk, Kostroma, Kaluga, Kaliningrad, Ivanovo, Voronezh, Vologda, Vladimir, Belgorod, Arkhangelsk.

ZVO Command

All branches and types of troops of the armed forces of the country located in these territories are subordinate to the commander of the troops of the Western Military District, excluding only the strategic missile forces and aerospace forces. It also manages other military formations, which include military districts. These are the national guard, border services, parts of the Ministry of Emergency Situations and many other federal services of ministries and departments of Russia that perform certain tasks in a given territory.

The troops are commanded by Colonel General Andrey Valeryevich Kartapolov, the chief of staff is Lieutenant General V. B. Astapov, and the head of the press service is Muginov I.M. The headquarters is located in St. Petersburg at the address: Palace Square, building 10.

Southern Military District

The southern district includes the Caspian Flotilla, the Black Sea Fleet, and the Fourth Air Defense and Air Force Command. Districts were most often formed on the basis of previously existing ones, and so it was here. The basis for the creation of the Southern District was the North Caucasian Military District. And in April 2014, the city of Sevastopol and the Republic of Crimea were included in the Southern Military District.

The troops of the southern district are deployed within the borders of the North Caucasian and Southern federal districts. These are the territories of the republics of Chechen, North Ossetia, Crimea, Karachay-Cherkess, Kalmykia, Kabardino-Balkaria, Ingushetia, Dagestan, Adygea, this is the city of Sevastopol, Rostov, Volgograd, Astrakhan regions, Stavropol and Krasnodar regions. According to international treaties, military districts may have units outside the borders of the Russian Federation. So, there are three bases of the Southern District outside the territory of the country. These are military bases in Abkhazia, South Ossetia and Armenia.

Command of the Southern Military District

The Directorate of the military district is in charge of almost all the branches and types of troops of the armed forces that are stationed on its territory. Exceptions are parts of the central subordination. These are rocket troops, airborne and some others. The military district includes formations of the border service, the national guard, units of the Ministry of Emergency Situations, as well as other departments and ministries of the Russian Federation that have their own tasks in this territory.

The headquarters of the southern district is located in Rostov-on-Don at the address: Budennovsky Prospekt, house 43. Colonel-General Dvornikov A.V. is in command, the chief of staff is Lieutenant-General Teplinskiy M.Yu., and the head of the press service is Gorbul I. A.

Volga region, Ural, Siberia

This is the Central Military District, which unites the troops located in this part of the country. It included huge territories - more than forty percent of the entire Russian Federation. This is the Second Air Defense and Air Force Command, which operates within the boundaries of the Siberian, Ural and Volga federal districts.

These are the republics of Chuvash, Khakassia, Udmurd, Tuva, Tatarstan, Mordovia, Mari El, Bashkorstan, Altai, Perm, Krasnoyarsk, Altai regions, Yurga, Yamalo-Nenets, Khanty-Mansiysk autonomous districts, Chelyabinsk, Ulyanovsk, Tyumen, Tomsk, Sverdlovsk regions , Saratov, Samara, Penza, Orenburg, Omsk, Novosibirsk, Kurgan, Kirov, Kemerovo, Irkutsk. In addition, the 201st Gatchina military base in Tajikistan, that is, located outside the territory of the Russian Federation, belongs to the Central Military District.

Command of the Central Military District

All types and branches of the armed forces of the district are commanded by Lieutenant General Lapin A.P. This does not apply only to the strategic missile forces. Like the rest of the military districts of the Russian Federation, the Central Military District includes the management of the formations of the border services of the FSB, the National Guard, the Ministry of Emergency Situations and other units from ministries and departments.

The headquarters is located in the city of Yekaterinburg, at the address: Lenina Street, house 71. The chief of staff is Lieutenant General Ustinov E.A., and the head of the press service is Colonel Roshchupkin Ya.V.

in the east

The Eastern District was formed on the basis of the Far Eastern Military District. Troops are located in the Far East and in Transbaikalia. It was formed at the same time as the rest of the military federal districts - in 2010, and as part of the Air Defense Forces - the Third Air Defense Command, the Air Force and the Pacific Fleet. The territory covers part of the Siberian Federal District and the entire Far East. These are the republics of Sakha and Buryatia, the territories of Khabarovsk, Primorsky, Kamchatsky, Trans-Baikal, Chukotka Autonomous Okrug and the regions of Sakhalin, Magadan and Amur.

All branches and types of troops of the armed forces that are stationed in these territories are subordinate to the Commander of the Air Defense Forces, only missile troops have central subordination and airborne troops. All federal formations are in control of the district: the national guard, border services, the Ministry of Emergency Situations and other ministries and departments.

VVO Command

The headquarters of the Air Defense Forces is deployed in the city of Khabarovsk at the address: Serysheva Street, house 15. The Hero of Russia Lieutenant-General Zhidko G. V. is in command of the district. The head of the press service is Colonel Gordeev A. Yu.

Commander of the Eastern Military District - Admiral Sidenko Konstantin Semenovich.

So, in July 2010, a presidential decree was issued on a new military administrative division, and by the end of this year, the old districts had already been reorganized into four new districts and four joint strategic commands (four USCs). These are powerful associations of types of troops in the most important strategic directions.

What changed

There was a territorial unification into a single command - the commander of the district troops is responsible for the combined arms ground, tank armies, fleets of the Navy, armies of the Aerospace Forces, divisions and brigades of the airborne troops, special forces brigades, and this allows increasing the quality of the available combat capabilities. The reaction to a crisis situation is much faster, since the striking power of the combined forces becomes much higher.

One cannot fail to mention the joint strategic command "Northern Fleet", which was created in December 2014 on the basis of the Northern Fleet, as well as a number of formations and units of the military branches that were withdrawn from the Western Military District. USC is deployed beyond the Arctic Circle. It is controlled by the commander of the Northern Fleet.

Ground troops

The ground forces are the combat core, they are the basis of all four military districts and the most numerous type of troops. By 2021, it is planned to increase their number to 270 thousand people. The land forces are commanded by Colonel-General O. L. Salyukov. Under his command are eight divisions, one hundred and forty-seven brigades, four military bases, and two training centers. And these are five motorized rifle divisions, two tank and machine-gun artillery divisions, twenty-three motorized rifle brigades. In addition, five rocket artillery brigades, five RHBZ and sixteen control brigades, four electronic warfare brigades, ten logistic support, five engineering, fourteen anti-aircraft missile, ten railway.

Role of military regions

There is a tense situation on the world stage today, and few people at the moment doubt that the world is on the verge of a new big war. The information war has been raging for a long time and everywhere, and our opponents make disappointing forecasts for us. However, experts abroad, even those who have never been a friend of our country, but, despite this, have not lost their objectivity, are sure that it will not work to seize the territories of Russia by military invasion.

This is guaranteed by powerful weapons, and the number of personnel, and centralized command, which is carried out through the organization of military federal districts. In case of danger, combat readiness will be achieved instantly, even in the most remote areas. The composition of the military districts makes it possible to strike with absolutely any forces and in any direction.

Story

In the distant fifteenth century, for the first time in Russia, progress began to create a regular army and military districts. In Europe at that time there were already permanent armed forces from mercenary armies and fleets. In our country, only in the second half of the fifteenth century, first a local army was created, then a streltsy one.

In order to streamline these services, territorial units are created by decree of the sovereign, and this military-administrative division was called ranks. At the end of the seventeenth century, regular armed forces appeared in the country - corps, which under Catherine the Great were called inspections. Most often, the names used territorial affiliation - by city and province.

By the First World War, the Russian army came in twelve formations. And at the end of the Great Patriotic War, thirty-two points appeared in the names of the units. Experts say that our army had the greatest power at the end of the existence of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics - in 1983, when the country's territory was divided into sixteen military districts, four of which were located abroad - in Eastern Europe.

Currently

So, in 2010, after the reorganization of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, the number of military districts was limited to four. Based on them, a new principle of command was formed, when the leadership has a pronounced operational-strategic character. In 2014, the defense of the Arctic region was organized: the northern group was created on the basis of three former military districts. Management in the general staff is carried out with the help of innovative systems. Department of Defense garrisons are located in each of the four districts, that is, they are located directly on the territory of each district. Territorial combined-arms formations are reinforced by law enforcement agencies - internal troops, border services, parts of the Ministry of Emergency Situations and others.

Our country has enough experience to conduct various kinds of counter-terrorist operations, because this command and control system, according to military experts, turned out to be effective. In the event of armed conflicts, this experience will come in handy. Each military district even provides for sanitary-resort institutions and medical centers. Many educational, scientific and research institutions, which also helps to significantly improve combat readiness.

The creation of an administrative-territorial system in the domestic armed forces began in the 60s of the XIX century. The military districts of Russia that appeared for the first time contributed to the rational recruitment and supply of garrisons, units and subunits, and also provided the opportunity for strategic planning of defense doctrine. Depending on the assigned tactical tasks, they could be border, internal and front-line. Administrative divisions were most often named according to the names of cities, regions, or geographic provinces. In recent history, this tradition was continued by the military districts of Russia. The list of formations in different eras corresponded to the military-political situation and the territory of the state. By the beginning of the First World War there were twelve of them. The maximum number of districts - thirty-two - was at the end of 1945. During the period of the highest military power of the state, in 1983, there were 16 districts and 4 groupings of troops in Eastern Europe.

How many military districts in Russia

As part of the reorganization of the armed forces in 2010, the number of administrative districts was reduced to four. When creating new structures, the United States combat commands were taken as a model. On the basis of territorial combined-arms formations, new operational-strategic command subjects were formed. In 2014, to organize the defense of the Arctic areas from the three districts, the creation of the northern group began.

The effectiveness of the innovative combat control system being introduced should be ensured by the military districts of Russia formed according to the new principle. The list of military administrative units is as follows:

Western district (OSK "West").
Southern District (OSK "South").
Central District (OSK "Center").
Eastern District (OSK "Vostok").
USC "Sever" is in the process of creation.

In peacetime, the joint strategic commands with their areas of responsibility are called districts.

Military units of the new formation

The newly formed military districts of Russia include:

all garrisons of the Ministry of Defense deployed on their territory;
subdivisions of the internal troops, the border service of the FSB, parts of the Ministry of Emergency Situations and other law enforcement agencies that are under operational control.

The military districts of Russia in their modern form are interspecific groupings of troops under a single command. Such a command and control system is recognized as the most effective based on the experience of armed conflicts and counter-terrorist operations of recent decades.

In addition, the military districts of Russia are in charge of medical and sanatorium institutions, educational and research institutions, training centers and other life support facilities.

The subdivisions of the strategic administration and the aerospace defense troops are not subordinate to the territorial command.

Joint Strategic Command "West"

During the structural changes in the armed forces in 2010, the Western Military District of Russia was the first to be formed. The basis for the creation of a new subject of the military-administrative division was the former Moscow and Leningrad combined arms associations. The Baltic Fleet is also subordinate to the strategic command. The headquarters is located in St. Petersburg.

Military garrisons are located within the administrative boundaries of thirty subjects of the North-Western, Central and part of the Volga-Vyatka federal districts. In connection with the formation of the Arctic group of troops, some of the regions will be reassigned.

The western grouping includes two armies, four separate motorized rifle brigades, one tank and three airborne divisions - more than two and a half thousand military units in total. The personnel exceeds 400 thousand people, which is the third part of the total number of the Russian army.

The first command of the air forces and air defense is subordinate to the unified leadership.

The ships of the fleet are deployed in the Baltic and Leningrad (Kronstadt, St. Petersburg and Lomonosov) naval bases. The Navy has eight Marine Corps units at its disposal.

Southern grouping of troops

The Southern Military District of Russia is organized on the basis of military and administrative units of the North Caucasian and part of the Volga-Ural military associations. The structure of the formation includes formations of the Black Sea Fleet and the Caspian Flotilla. The headquarters is located in Rostov-on-Don. The task of the personnel of the district is, first of all, to defend the southern borders and ensure stability in the Transcaucasus.

The military units of two armies, one mountain division are deployed on the territory of 13 regions of the Southern and North Caucasian federal districts, as well as on the Crimean peninsula.

The air defense and air force are subordinate to the fourth command.

The Black Sea Fleet is based in Sevastopol and Feodosia. The construction of the naval base in Novorossiysk is nearing completion. The ships of the Caspian flotilla are based in Astrakhan, Kaspiysk and Makhachkala.

There are two carrier-based pilot training centers in the Crimea and the Krasnodar Territory. The fleet has four large marine units in the Black Sea and the Caspian.

Formations of the Southern District abroad

Also, the Southern Strategic Command has bases located outside the Russian Federation:

In the capital of the South Ossetian Republic - the city of Tskhinval - the 4th base is stationed. The formation was created on the basis of two motorized rifle regiments and one division. The personnel is more than 4 thousand people. The military base was awarded the title of Guards.
The 102nd base is located in Gyumri (Republic of Armenia). In addition to motorized rifle units, C-300 B complexes and MIG-29 fighters are stationed here. The total number of military personnel is about 4 thousand people.
The 7th military base is stationed in the city of Gudauta (Republic of Abkhazia).
The Black Sea Fleet has a base for technical and material support of ships and vessels in the Syrian port of Tartus.

Formations abroad play the role of important geopolitical tools.

Central Unified Command

By merging the Volga-Ural and Siberian (to the territory of Baikal) districts, the Central Military District of Russia was created. The headquarters of the joint command is located in Yekaterinburg.

This district is the largest in the country. Its area is 7 million km 2 - this is 40% of the state's area and 39% of the population. Military units are deployed in the Volga region, Western Siberia and the Urals - in 29 regions of three federal districts. The spaces beyond the Arctic Circle will be transferred to the jurisdiction of the Arctic Command. In the center of the country, operational-tactical units of the ground forces are part of two combined arms armies and several separate formations, including one air assault brigade.

The formation includes the second command of the Air Force and Air Defense

On the territory of the district there are strategic aviation bases (in Engels and Irkutsk), as well as a transport aircraft base in Orenburg. Operationally, these units are not subordinate to the district command.

Formations of the Central District in Central Asia

The formation of the central part of Russia has in its composition the 201st twice Red Banner base stationed in Tajikistan. The main task of the military is to protect the Tajik-Afghan border.

Joint Strategic Command "Vostok"

As a result of structural changes in Russia, part of the Siberian, Trans-Baikal and Far Eastern combined arms associations were included. The Pacific Fleet is subordinate to the commander of the new formation. The headquarters is located in Khabarovsk.

Military units are located within the administrative boundaries of eleven subjects of two federal districts. The area of the zone of responsibility is slightly less than 7 million km2. The main striking power of the ground forces is 4 armies and separate formations: 9 motorized rifle brigades, a fortified area in the Jewish Autonomous Region, 2 air assault, 3 missile, one missile and artillery and 3 special-purpose brigades. It is possible that some large formations will be transferred to the Northern Group of Forces.

The means of air defense and the Air Force are subordinate to the 3rd command.

The ships of the Pacific Fleet are based in Vladivostok, Fokino and Vilyuchinsk. Fleet aviation is stationed at the Yelizovo dual-use airport and at the Nikolaevka, Knevichi and Kamenny Ruchey air bases.

Four divisions of the aerospace defense troops are not operationally subordinate to the command.

Formations of the Eastern District in the Pacific

Preparatory work is underway to restore the former Soviet in Vietnam to serve the submarines of the Russian Pacific Fleet. The use of the base is planned jointly with the Vietnamese military.

Defense of the Arctic

At the end of 2014, a new administrative unit was included in the military districts of Russia. For the first time in the history of the state, the Arctic territories received their own military structure. Its basis is the Northern Fleet, which will become the main striking force, as well as several units of the Western District.

The main bases for the fleet are: Severomorsk, Vidyaevo, Gadzhiyevo, Zapadnaya Litsa, Polyarny. All of them are located in the Murmansk region.

In former times, the Arctic was under the control of four districts and two fleets. The formation under the conditional name "North" includes all reconstructed and newly deployed bases in the Arctic, including: on Franz Josef Land and Novaya Zemlya.

The intensification of the activities of the armed forces on the northern borders is caused by the escalating international disagreements on issues of territorial influence in this region, the need to ensure the safety of the increasing cargo flow through the Northern Sea Route, as well as an increase in the production capacity of domestic mining enterprises on the shelf. The zone of responsibility of the new grouping includes not only the Russian Arctic, but also all the Arctic territories up to and including the North Pole.