All hissing sounds. Sonorant, noisy and hissing consonants

Purpose: the formation of the ability to put into practice the rules of spelling of vowels after hissing.

1. To develop the skill of recognizing hissing sounds in words, the correct designation in writing of a combination of these sounds with vowels A, U.
2. Learn to apply the acquired knowledge of competent writing in independent work.
3. Develop memory, thinking, attention.
4. To instill interest in the poetic word through the work of A.S. Pushkin.

Equipment:

1. Letters h, sh.
2. Writing for calligraphy.
3. Dictionary word wind + encrypted.
4. Tests.
5. Trainers.
6. Faces (cheerful, sad, with a question).
7. Hourglass.
8. Slides. (Appendix 1)

DURING THE CLASSES

I. Organizational moment

Guys, today our lesson will be unusual. We have many guests. We are all worried. But you are capable, smart. And working together, we will succeed.

The lesson will be unusual also because it is fabulous. Together with the heroes of fairy tales A.S. Pushkin, we will recover on a journey. Record number, in class.

Like any fairy tale, our lesson begins with magic. Close your eyes and imagine - the sea, the waves are splashing (all this is depicted on the board, the music of the sea sounds), open your eyes. Help me remember the lines from the fairy tale “About Tsar Saltan”:

The wind blows across the sea...

Children.

And the boat is urging;
He runs in waves
On inflated sails...

But our ship is large, and it cannot sail only with the help of the wind. And since this is a fairy tale, the ship will be able to set off only when you tell everything about the letters that you see on the board.

On the desk: W W

/ These are consonant letters, they denote deaf always soft sounds /

II. A minute of calligraphy

Let's write these letters. Determine the pattern of writing letters in a chain.

H yhyyyyyyyyyyyyyy…

/First, one letter H SH, then two letters, etc./

What is the connection between these letters?

/Upper/

Write a line of combinations without breaking the patterns.

Remember the rules that are associated with these letters.

/CHA–SCHA write with the letter a

CHU-SHU write with the letter U /

Why are the letters A and U written, and not I, Yu?

State the topic and purpose of the lesson.

III. vocabulary work

So, we are on our way.

(Sound of departure)

The wind walks on the sea
And the boat is urging;
He runs in waves
On inflated sails...

In the lines that I just said, a dictionary word was hidden. Decode it. (Annex 2)

V e r t
(Card with the word wind)

Find the unstressed vowel in the word.

/This is an unstressed vowel e/

Write the word in the dictionary, put stress, underline the letter you want to remember.

Make a two-word sentence with the word wind.

Spread it out by adding one word to it each time you repeat it and repeating all the previously spoken words.

/There is a strong wind outside/

Write this sentence down from memory.

IV. Learning new material

And suddenly towards us -

slide 3

Thirty-three heroes
In scales of golden grief,
All handsome young
The giants are gone.
Everyone is equal, as in selection;
Uncle is with them... (D. Chernomor)

U. Chernomor has prepared a task for you. In the lines that he will show you, you need to find words with combinations of cha–cha, chu–shu, write them down in a notebook and explain their spelling.

We work at the board in a chain. (Children read the text, choose a word with a combination of thicket, pronounce the rule, write down the word, underline the spelling)

A cloud is moving across the sky
The barrel floats on the sea.

/ The word cloud - there is a combination of cha, we write with the letter a, because h already means a soft sound /

slide 5

Stars in the blue sky shine,
Waves in the blue sea whipping.

slide 6

That's what, prince, you confuses!
Don't worry, my soul
This is miracle I know.

In these lines, find the word with the spelling that you met in previous lessons.

/ Do not grieve, the spelling is alive /

Remember the rule for writing ZhI-SHI combinations.

Physical education minute

We continue the journey, but while our ship is sailing, we will have a little rest.

I will speak the words. If a hissing sound [h] or [u] occurs in a word, then you squat and pronounce this sound loudly. If you don't hear these sounds, then jump high.

The king, the mighty, shipbuilders, father, honest, weaver, cook, Babarikha, barrel, little animal, squeaked.

V. Consolidation of the studied

U. Well done, we continue the journey.

Slide 7

The wind blows merrily
The ship is running merrily...

We ended up with you on the island of Buyan and what miracle did we meet?

D.

Spruce in the forest, under the spruce squirrel,
Squirrel sings songs
And he gnaws all the nuts,
And nuts are not simple ...

Picture on the board: squirrels.

In every nut a word .

Read the written words in chain.

Task, prey, grove, brush, cabbage soup, food, cave ra, miracle, cast iron, candle.

/ Words with combinations CHA, SCHA, CHU, SHU and words without these combinations /

What words do you not understand?

What two groups can they be divided into, given the topic of the lesson?

In pairs, do the following task: write down only the words with the combinations CHA-SCHA, CHU-SCHU, underline the combinations.

What words did you write? One person reads the words and names the combinations, the rest check their notes.

VI. Independent work

Slide 10

The sea makes a merry noise
The ship runs merrily
Past Buyana Island
To the realm of the glorious Saltan...

And in the realm of the glorious Saltan:

slide 11

Cockerel with high knitting needles
Guards its borders...

Picture on the board: cockerel.

The cockerel from “The Tale of the Golden Cockerel” invites you to work in pairs of shifts.

The guys of the 2nd and 1st options change places. Your task is to complete the test (test only for strong students).

Task: test

Choose the correct answer:

What can be seen, written, printed?

1. Sound.
2. Letter

Choose sibilant consonants that always represent a soft sound.

1. Shch, Ch.
2. Zh, Sh.

Cross out the wrong answer

1. The letters H, W love I, Yu.
2. The letters H, W like A, U.

Insert the desired vowels after the sibilants

CHA and SHA, SHU and CHU - I will memorize these syllables!
Shch..ka, grove.., tower...,
H ... before, h ... siki, with ve h….
CHA and SCHA; SCHU and NC -
I'll get five!

Sign the papers and pass them to the first desk.

Well done! You worked very well in pairs.

Now I will ask you to take your seats.

VII. Working with the textbook

There was noise in our class.

U. Guys, listen up.

So angry waves swelled,
So they walk, so they howl and howl ...

Even the waves heard our noise.

The fish from the fairy tale “About the Fisherman and the Fish” is not happy with us. What have we forgotten? We forgot about our logbook (textbook). Let's open it and find the following landmarks: page 40, exercise 67. Read the task, what should be done in the exercise? We carry out this work by options. The first option is to complete 1 and 2 lines of the exercise , second - 3 and 4.

The children are doing the task. The check is random.

VI. Homework

At home, do the work of the neighboring option. Ex. 67 (1, 2 line), (3, 4 line).

While we were working, another hero approached.

slide 15

And Balda is making noise over the sea again
Yes, he threatens the devil with a rope.

What story is this character from?

Balda says:
Now my turn
I'll set the conditions myself
I'll give you an enemy task.

Complete the exercise routine.

I have 2 minutes to complete the task.

Sign the papers and pass them to the first desk.

That's the end of the tale, but who listened ...

D. Well done.

And along with the fairy tale, our lesson ended, it's time to return to class.

(music of the sea sounds)

Close your eyes and imagine - the sea, the waves are splashing (all this is depicted on the board, the music of the sea sounds), open your eyes.

Slide 17

VIII. Summing up the entire lesson

Traveling through Pushkin's fairy tales, what have you learned?

IX. Reflection

Those who can now always correctly write words with the combinations CHA-SCHA, CHU-SCHU, stand up to the icon “I understand everything” (a cheerful face).

For those who are having difficulty, stand by the “I have questions” icon.

Those who have not yet understood anything, stand by the icon “Not everything is clear yet”.

In the next lessons, you will continue and, probably, then you will all be able to stand up to the “I understand everything” icon.

The topic of the lesson is "Hissing consonants."

Goals: conduct observations on the peculiarity of the pronunciation of hissing sounds; to form the ability to recognize hissing consonant sounds in words; develop the skill of correct spelling of words with studied spelling; learn to work with text; give ideas about hard consonant sounds [Ж] and [Ш] and soft sounds [Ч "] and [Щ"].

Planned results: students will learn how to correctly pronounce hissing consonant sounds; distinguish hissing consonant sounds in words.

Lesson objectives:

creating conditions for replenishing children's knowledge about the hardness-softness of consonant sounds ([w] - [w] - always hard);

to promote the formation of literate writing skills;

to develop in students coherent oral and written speech.

instilling interest in Russian language lessons through the use of information technology.

During the classes:

Organizing time.

A cheerful bell rang

We are starting our lesson.

We are on the road with the Russian language.

And we take a good mood to help.

What is the mood?

WO-Oh-Oh!

slide 1.

Children, today we are going to have an extraordinary trip to the country of animation. We found ourselves in a wonderful fairy-tale meadow. Where are we?

slide 2

Drawn country
cute round animals
From end to end she
In a thousand rabbit jumps.

So who are we visiting?

Correctly. We were invited to Smeshariki. (slide3 )

Knowledge update.

So, let's start the journey.

This house is colorful
Like a master of long ears!
And visible from afar
And boom boom!
From it, well, very often,
Because you won't understand
Why so restless
This cute rabbit Krosh! (slide4)

Guys, Krosh loves to joke, he is such a fun guy. I hid the topic of our lesson, encrypted it. Let's play with Krosh in his game.(Slide5)

Suggestion board:

A hedgehog lies by the Christmas tree, the hedgehog has needles.

Six mice rustle in a hut.

Wolves roam, looking for food.

What are these offers called?

How are tongue twisters read?

Let's say it slowly first and then quickly.

Was it difficult to pronounce? Who guessed what sounds these tongue twisters teach to pronounce?

goal setting

What do you think is the topic of our lesson today? (slide 6) (hissing consonants)

What goals will we set? (Learn to pronounce hissing consonants correctly; learn to distinguish them in words)

Cognitive task lesson: what are hissing consonants.

(slide 7)

Work on the topic of the lesson.

1. Organization of perception and comprehension of new information, that is, the assimilation of initial data.

1. Textbook work.

Ex. 1 (p. 104)

Read.

What is this text about?

Find words that have hissing sounds. Say each hissing sound. Name the letter with which it is designated on the letter.

Find in the text words with hissing consonants. Name the letters they represent.

Ex. 2 (p. 104)

Review the drawings. Name the items.

Listen to the sound of the hissing consonant in each of the words.

Which of the hissing consonants in these words are hard and which are soft?

Let's all get up. introduced themselvesballoon . We start to deflate, we make a sound. And now we -beetles . They buzzed. What sounds did we make? Are they hard or soft?slide 8, 9)

2. Primary check of understanding. Slide 10

These tasks were invented for you by the Hedgehog.

slide 11

Working with tongue twisters. (One write off in a notebook, emphasizing the letters that indicate the hissing sounds.)

slide 12

Here we see a beautiful house,
And flowers grow all around
And the hostess is just
Queen of beauty.
No, not a queen yet
But princess, yes,
Inspire everyone you know
For great things!
Who is this clumsy
Who is the fastest of all
Gathered guests?
Well, of course it's Nyusha!

She really loves to read books. And then one day she read her favorite poem, and the butterflies, playing, covered a few words in it. Let's read this passage and fill in the right words.Slide 13-16

Well done! You did it.How pleased with your answers Nyusha.

Physical education minute. ( slide17 ) Sovunya invites you to rest. She likes to organize morning exercises. Her motto is "Give a healthy and cheerful lifestyle!"(Musical physical education)

And we go to the next house.

Continuation of work on the topic of the lesson.

3. Organization of the assimilation of methods of activity by reproducing information and exercises in its application according to the model.

VIII . Vocabulary work. slide18

Here we see the house
And a heart on the door
And inside is full of paper
On the paper of that verse.
He is a romantic, he is a dreamer
He is afraid of heights
Gore is an ardent contemplator,
With Nyusha, the muse of beauty.
To be inspired
Make a sharp turn
What is this creation?
Well, of course - Barash.

Barash offers you a proverb. Read it.

slide19

Introduction to a new word.

AnyJobeasy if you do it willingly.

How many syllables are there in a word?

What percussion?

What unstressed vowel do we need to remember?

Split the word to hyphenate.

Write the word in your notebook. Place the stress and underline the unstressed vowel A.

2. Work on the development of speech.

Orally - make a sentence with a new dictionary word.

3. Creative application and acquisition of knowledge, development of methods of activity by solving problematic tasks built on the basis of previously acquired knowledge and skills.

slide 20.

This house smells like honey

Garden around the house.

Unfamiliar with ice

The disco dancer lives in it.

There is no better landowner,

He is talented here and there

good-natured bear

Everyone calls Kopatych.

Kopatych is a very active bear, hardworking, generous. He loves his friends very much and hopes to test your knowledge of hissing consonants with their help.

Work in pairs. slide 21.

In this fabulous country, everyone is friends, help each other in difficult times, rejoice together and grieve together. But it's great when you have friends.

Exercise: restore the poem. Emphasize sizzling. Come up with a title for the poem.

1 .In the morning, grandfather asked his granddaughter

– Why don't you wash your hands?

Granddaughter answers:

– I'm not white! (7 hisses)

2 .The spring day has come.

I run out onto the porch.

Sun in the sky, sun in a puddle.

Both shine in my face. (3 hisses)

3 . The pike swallowed the brush

Brushherticklesthroat

Amazing thing!

What kind of fish did I eat? (5 hissing)

slide 22

Before us is a green house
He's like that because of the grass
A scientist lives there
He is a connoisseur of beauty!
There are many books in this house
And this dummy planet,
Call it the globe.

Well, of course - Losyash!

Look guys, how many books. Losyash read them all. He knows a lot of interesting things. And for you, he has prepared such a task.

Choose appropriate words with hissing consonants

A game"Black White"

slide 24.

Pin has prepared puzzles for you .

He can assemble anything from a pile of metal, and this “anything” will work as he pleases. The result is almost impossible to predict. But for him the main thing is not the result, but the process.Slides 25-27.

IX. Reflection . slide 28.

Complete the sentences:

In class, I learned...

The most interesting task was...

The difficulty caused me...

I can commend myself for...

X . Summing up the lesson.

slide 29.

Smeshariki really liked your work at the lesson, and they prepared gifts for you. These are coloring pages with the characters of your favorite cartoon.

But before the presentation, they would like to hear again about the hissing sounds:

What consonants are called hissing sounds?

How many?

What groups are hissing divided into?

Here we know all the animals,
Round like balls
And tell us in the final
Their name is Smeshariki! List all Smeshariki whose names contain hissing sounds. (Krosh, Hedgehog, Nyusha, Barash, Losyash, Kar-Karych, Kopatych)slide 30

Children are given gifts-coloring books from Smeshariki.

What is your mood at the end of the lesson? (Slide 31).

Thank you for the lesson!
ADDITIONAL TASK:

Cows - squeak

magpies - crackle

mice - fly,

bears - moo,

roosters - graze,

woodpeckers - knock,

growl,

are sleeping

In this article, we will talk about consonant sounds, their number, types (soft, hard, deaf and voiced) and other features and interesting facts.

There are 33 letters in Russian, of which 21 are consonants:

b - [b], c - [c], d - [g], d - [d], f - [g], d - [d], h - [h],
k - [k], l - [l], m - [m], n - [n], p - [p], p - [r], s - [s],
t - [t], f - [f], x - [x], c - [c], h - [h], w - [w], u - [u].

All named consonants represent 36 consonant sounds.

Russian also has 10 vowels and only 6 vowels.

A total of 33 letters (10 vowels + 21 consonants + "b" and "b"), denoting 42 sounds (6 vowels and 36 consonants), far from all speech sounds, but only the main ones.

The difference between the number of letters and sounds is due to the peculiarities of Russian writing, because, for example, hard and soft consonants are indicated by one letter.

The consonants are divided into:

• voiced and deaf
• hard and soft
• paired and unpaired.

There are 36 different combinations of consonants in terms of pairing-unpairing of hard and soft, deaf and voiced: deaf - 16 (8 soft and 8 hard), voiced - 20 (10 soft and 10 hard).

Hard and soft consonants

Consonants are divided into hard and soft, such a division is due to the difference in the position of the tongue during their pronunciation. When we pronounce soft consonants, then the middle back of the tongue is raised to the hard palate. We also note that in addition to the fact that consonants are divided into hard and soft, they can be paired and unpaired.

For example, the letter “k” can mean both a hard sound [k], for example, in the word cat, and a soft sound [k`], for example, in the word glasses. We get that sounds [k] and [k '] form a pair of hardness-softness. For consonants that have a pair of hardness and softness, the following rule is true:

• consonants sound is solid if it is followed by consonants: a, o, y, s, e;
• and is soft if it is followed by vowels: e, e, i, u, i.

In Russian, there are letters in which the sound that they designate can only be hard ([w], [g], [c]), or only soft ([y], [h`], [w`]). Such sounds do not belong to paired sounds, but are unpaired.

Voiceless and voiced consonants

Consonants are divided into voiced and deaf sounds. At the same time, deaf consonants are pronounced practically with a covered mouth and the vocal cords do not work when they are pronounced. Voiced consonants require more air, and when they are pronounced, the vocal cords work. That is, voiced consonants consist of noise and voice, and deaf consonants consist only of noise.

Life hack for determining the deafness or sonority of consonants for schoolchildren

To determine whether the sound encountered is deaf or sonorous, and children often have difficulty with this, one should plug their ears with their hands and pronounce the sound. When pronouncing deaf sounds somewhere in the distance, they will be heard, and when pronouncing voiced sounds in the ears, they will ring straight! So you can determine what sound met. Especially during phonetic parsing of words.

Some consonants are similar both in their sound and also in the way they are pronounced. However, such sounds are pronounced with different tonality, that is, either deafly or sonorously. Such sounds are combined in pairs and form a group of paired consonants. There are 6 such pairs in total, each of them has a voiceless and voiced consonant sound. The rest of the consonants are unpaired.

• paired consonants: b-p, v-f, g-k, d-t, s-s, f-sh.
• unpaired consonants: l, m, n, p, d, c, x, h, u.

Sonorous, noisy, hissing and whistling consonants

In Russian, sonorous, noisy, as well as hissing and whistling consonants are also distinguished. We give a definition of each of the named types of consonants, and also list which consonants belong to one or another type.

Sonorant consonants

Sonorant consonants are voiced unpaired consonants.

In total there are 9 sonorous sounds: [th '], [l], [l '], [m], [m '], [n], [n '], [p], [p '].

noisy consonant sounds

Noisy consonants are divided into voiced and voiceless. 16 sounds belong to deaf noisy consonants: [k], [k '], [p], [n '], [s], [s '], [t], [t '], [f], [f '], [x], [x '], [c], [h '], [w], [u '], and noisy voiced consonants include 11 sounds: [b], [b '], [ c], [c'], [g], [g'], [e], [e'], [g], [h], [h'].

Hissing consonant sounds

In total, there are 4 hissing consonants in Russian: [g], [h '], [w], [sh']. All of them sound like hissing, which is why they are called hissing consonants.

whistling consonant sounds

Whistling consonants [s] [s ’] [s] [s ’] [ts] are in their pronunciation anterior lingual, fricative. When articulating solid sounds [z], [c] and [c], the teeth are exposed, the tip of the tongue leans against the lower teeth, and the back of the tongue slightly arches, the lateral edges of the tongue are pressed against the upper molars. Air passes through, creating friction noise.

When articulating soft sounds [s ’] and [з `], the same happens, however, the back of the tongue rises to the hard palate.

When pronouncing voiced sounds [з] and [з`], the vocal cords are closed and vibrate, but the palatine curtain is raised.

In Russian, not all speech sounds are indicated, but only the main ones. There are 43 basic sounds in Russian - 6 vowels and 37 consonants, while the number of letters is 33. The number of basic vowels (10 letters, but 6 sounds) and consonants (21 letters, but 37 sounds) also do not match. The difference in the quantitative composition of the main sounds and letters is determined by the peculiarities of Russian writing. In Russian, hard and soft sounds are denoted by the same letter, but soft and hard sounds are considered different, which is why there are more consonant sounds than the letters they are denoted by.

Voiced and voiceless consonants

Consonants are divided into voiced and voiceless. Voiced sounds are made up of noise and voice, deaf sounds are made up of noise only.

Voiced consonants: [b] [b "] [c] [c "] [g] [g "] [d] [d "] [h] [h "] [g] [l] [l "] [ m] [m "] [n] [n"] [r] [r "] [th]

Deaf consonants: [n] [n "] [f] [f "] [k] [k "] [t] [t "] [s] [s "] [w] [x] [x"] [ h "] [u"]

Paired and unpaired consonants

Many consonants form pairs of voiced and voiceless consonants:

Voiced [b] [b "] [c] [c "] [g] [g "] [d] [d "] [s] [s"] [g]

Deaf [n] [n "] [f] [f "] [k] [k "] [t] [t "] [s] [s "] [w]

The following voiced and voiceless consonants do not form pairs:

Voiced [l] [l "] [m] [m "] [n] [n "] [r] [r "] [th]

Deaf [x] [x "] [h "] [u"]

Soft and hard consonants

Consonants are also divided into hard and soft. They differ in the position of the tongue during pronunciation. When pronouncing soft consonants, the middle back of the tongue is raised to the hard palate.

Most consonants form pairs of hard and soft consonants:

Solid [b] [c] [g] [d] [h] [k] [l] [m] [n] [p] [r] [s] [t] [f] [x]

Soft [b "] [c"] [g "] [d"] [h "] [k"] [l"] [m "] [n"] [n "] [p"] [s"] [ t "] [f"] [x"]

The following hard and soft consonants do not form pairs:

Solid [w] [w] [c]

Soft [h "] [u"] [th"]

Hissing consonants

The sounds [w], [w], [h ’], [u ’] are called hissing.

[w] [w] [h "] [u"]

Whistling consonants

[s] [s "] [s] [s "] [c]

Whistling sounds s-s, s-z anterior-lingual, slotted. When articulating hard s-z, the teeth are exposed, the tip of the tongue touches the lower teeth, the back of the tongue is slightly curved, the lateral edges of the tongue are pressed against the upper molars, which causes a groove to form in the middle. Air flows through this groove creating frictional noise.

When pronouncing soft s, z, the articulation is the same, but additionally the back of the tongue rises to the hard palate. When pronouncing sounds, the z-z ligaments are closed and vibrate. The palatine curtain is up.

In Russian, consonants have several classifications. Let's analyze them separately.

Hard and soft, paired, unpaired

All letters of the Russian alphabet, except for vowels (a, o, u, e, s, e, u, i, ё, u), as well as hard (b) and soft (b) signs, are consonants. Only consonants can be divided into soft and hard.

For example, (b) - (b´): bolt-bit, (d) - (d´): oak - business. In the first case, the consonant sound is hard, in the second - soft.

By hardness-softness, consonants form pairs. There are 15 such pairs. Consonants do not have a pair - (c), (g), (w), (h), (u), (d). In this regard, they are called unpaired.

Among unpaired 4 consonants hiss when pronounced, that is, they are hissing. This is (g), (w), (u), (h). In this case, (w) and (g) are always hard, and (u) and (h) are always soft. It just needs to be remembered.

Thus, (w) and (g) are solid unpaired hissing consonants.

Features of the use of "zh" and "sh" in words

So, let's look at how these sounds manifest themselves in words. Let's do a sound analysis.

Shorts - (shorts). Here the sound (sh) stands next to the sound (o). There are no doubts about pronunciation and spelling.

Whisper - (sh o p a t). Since the sound (sh) is always hard, the sound (e) is not able to soften it, as, for example, in the word "children", where (d´) becomes soft. Doubts arise when choosing between "e" and "o". In this case, to check the spelling, we select a single-root word with “e” or “e” (whisper).

As for the sound (g), the same rule applies here. Only it is necessary to distinguish between the roots - burnt and -burn. To choose the correct spelling, we turn to the context.

For example, "Petya burned his hand." In this context, it means action. "Burn" is a verb, so "yo" is written. "Father had a severe burn." Here the word "burn" is a noun and it is written with "o".

Another rule: "zhi-shi always write through I." It means that after "w" and "sh" "s" cannot be written. In general, the exceptions are:

• foreign words (fichu, jury);
• foreign names (Jules);
• abbreviations (interbureau).