The title of Hero of the Soviet Union and the medal "Gold Star"

By a decree of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR of April 16, 1934, the highest degree of distinction was established - the award for personal or collective services to the state associated with the accomplishment of a heroic deed, the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

The Decree of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR of July 29, 1936 approved the Regulations on the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of August 1, 1939, in order to distinguish citizens awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union and performing new heroic deeds, establish the Gold Star medal, which has the shape of a five-pointed star.

By a decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of May 14, 1973, the Regulations on the title of Hero of the Soviet Union in a new edition were approved.

Regulations on the title of Hero of the Soviet Union

The order of Lenin

The title of Hero of the Soviet Union (GSS) is the highest degree of distinction and is awarded for personal or collective services to the Soviet state and society associated with the accomplishment of a heroic deed.

The title of Hero of the Soviet Union is awarded by the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR.

The Hero of the Soviet Union is awarded:

badge of special distinction - the medal "Gold Star";

A Hero of the Soviet Union who has accomplished a heroic feat for the second time, no less than the one for which others who have accomplished a similar feat are awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, is awarded the Order of Lenin and the second Gold Star medal, and in commemoration of his exploits a bronze bust of the Hero is erected with the appropriate inscription, installed in his homeland, which is recorded in the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on the award.

A Hero of the Soviet Union, awarded two Gold Star medals, for new heroic deeds similar to those previously accomplished, can be again awarded the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal.

When a Hero of the Soviet Union is awarded the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal, he is simultaneously presented with a letter of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR along with the order and medal.

In the event that the Hero of the Soviet Union is awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor, then, in commemoration of his heroic and labor deeds, a bronze bust of the Hero with a corresponding inscription is erected in his homeland, which is recorded in the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on conferring the title of Hero of Socialist Labor.

Heroes of the Soviet Union enjoy the benefits established by law.

The Gold Star medal of the Hero of the Soviet Union is worn on the left side of the chest above the orders and medals of the USSR.

Deprivation of the title of Hero of the Soviet Union can only be done by the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR.

Description of the medal

The Gold Star medal is a five-pointed star with smooth dihedral rays on the front side. The distance from the center of the star to the top of the beam is 15 mm. The distance between opposite ends of the star is 30 mm.

The reverse side of the medal has a smooth surface and is limited along the contour by a protruding thin rim. On the reverse side in the center of the medal there is an inscription in raised letters "Hero of the USSR". The size of the letters is 4 by 2 mm. In the upper beam is the number of the medal with a height of 1 mm.

The medal is made of 950 gold. The medallion is made of silver. As of September 18, 1975, the gold content in the medal is 20.521 ± 0.903 g, the silver content is 12.186 ± 0.927 g. The weight of the medal without a block is 21.5 g. The total weight of the medal is 34.264 ± 1.5 g.

On December 24, 1991, the title of Hero of the Soviet Union was awarded for the last time.
The last person to be awarded the Gold Star medal of the Hero of the Soviet Union (No. 11664, for participating in a diving experiment simulating prolonged work at a depth of 500 meters under water) was a diving specialist, 3rd rank captain Leonid Mikhailovich Solodkov. Upon receiving the "Gold Star" of the Hero, he, as an officer, according to the charter, was supposed to answer: "I serve the Soviet Union!" However, at the time the award was presented (January 16, 1992), the USSR had not existed for 22 days. The charter had not yet been rewritten, so Solodkov only said to Air Marshal E.I. Shaposhnikov, who presented him with the award: "Thank you."

From the history of the highest award:

The first Hero of the Soviet Union pilot - Lyapidevsky A.V. (04/20/1934)

The first woman - Hero of the Soviet Union pilot - Grizodubova V. S. (11/02/1938)

The youngest Hero of the Soviet Union partisan Kotik V. A. (06/27/1958) at the time of the feat he was 14 years old

The oldest Hero of the Soviet Union, peasant Kuzmin Matvey Kuzmich (posthumously, 05/08/1965) - at the time of his death he was 83 years old

The first and only woman - twice Hero of the Soviet Union, pilot-cosmonaut S. E. Savitskaya (08/27/1982 and 07/29/1984)

The first twice Heroes of the Soviet Union: military pilot Major S. I. Gritsevets (02.22.1939 and 08.29.1939), military pilot Colonel Kravchenko G.P. (02.22.1939 and 08.29.1939)

Three times Heroes of the Soviet Union:
Air Marshal A. I. Pokryshkin (05/24/1943, 08/24/1943, 08/19/1944)
Colonel General of Aviation Kozhedub I. N. (02/04/1944, 08/19/1944, 08/18/1945)
Marshal of the Soviet Union Budyonny S. M. (02/01/1958, 04/24/1963, 02/22/1968)

Four times Heroes of the Soviet Union:
Marshal of the Soviet Union Zhukov G.K. (08/29/1939, 07/29/1944, 06/01/1945, 12/01/1956).
Marshal of the Soviet Union Leonid Brezhnev (12/18/1966, 12/18/1976, 12/19/1978, 12/18/1981)

The title of Hero of Socialist Labor and the Hammer and Sickle medal

Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of December 27, 1938 established the highest degree of distinction in the field of economic and cultural construction - the title of Hero of Socialist Labor.

By the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of May 22, 1940, in order to distinguish citizens awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor, a gold medal "Hammer and Sickle" was established.

The Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of May 14, 1973 approved the Regulations on the title of Hero of Socialist Labor in a new edition.

Regulations on the title of Hero of Socialist Labor

The order of Lenin

The title of Hero of Socialist Labor (GST) is the highest degree of distinction for merit in the field of economic and socio-cultural construction.

The title of Hero of Socialist Labor is awarded to individuals who have shown labor heroism, who, through their particularly outstanding innovative activity, have made a significant contribution to increasing the efficiency of social production, contributed to the rise of the national economy, science, culture, and the growth of the power and glory of the USSR.

The title of Hero of Socialist Labor is awarded by the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR.

The Hero of Socialist Labor is awarded:

the highest award of the USSR - the Order of Lenin;
badge of special distinction - the gold medal "Hammer and Sickle";
Diploma of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR.

Hero of Socialist Labor for new outstanding achievements in the field of economic and socio-cultural construction, no less than those for which he was awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor, is awarded the Order of Lenin and the second gold medal "Sickle and Hammer" and a bronze bust is built to commemorate his labor exploits A hero with a corresponding inscription, installed in his homeland, as recorded in the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on the award.

The Hero of Socialist Labor, who was awarded two gold medals "Hammer and Sickle", for new outstanding achievements in the field of economic and socio-cultural construction, no less significant than the previous ones, can be again awarded the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal.

When the Hero of Socialist Labor is awarded the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal, he is simultaneously presented with a letter of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR along with the order and medal.

If the Hero of Socialist Labor is awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, then in commemoration of his labor and heroic deeds, a bronze bust of the Hero with a corresponding inscription is erected, installed in his homeland, which is recorded in the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on conferring the title of Hero of the Soviet Union .

Heroes of Socialist Labor enjoy the benefits established by law.

The gold medal "Hammer and Sickle" of the Hero of Socialist Labor is worn on the left side of the chest above orders and medals of the USSR.

Deprivation of the title of Hero of Socialist Labor can only be done by the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR.

Description of the gold medal "Hammer and Sickle"

The Hammer and Sickle gold medal is a five-pointed star with smooth dihedral rays on the front side. In the center of the medal there are relief hammer and sickle. The distance from the center of the star to the top of the beam is 15 mm. The diameter of the circumscribed circle of the star is 33.5 mm. The size of the sickle and hammer from the handle to the top point, respectively, is 14 and 13 mm.

The reverse side of the medal has a smooth surface and is limited along the contour by a protruding thin rim. On the reverse side in the center of the medal there is an inscription in raised letters "Hero of Socialist Labor". The size of the letters in the words "Hero" and "Labor" - 2 by 1 mm, in the word "Socialist" - 1.5 by 0.75 mm. In the upper beam is the number of the medal with a height of 1 mm.

The medal is connected by means of an eyelet and a ring to a gilded metal block, which is a rectangular plate 15 mm high and 19.5 mm wide, with frames in the upper and lower parts. There are slits along the base of the shoe; its inner part is covered with a red silk moiré ribbon 20 mm wide. The box has a threaded pin with a nut on the reverse side for attaching the medal to clothing.

The medal is made of 950 gold. The medallion is made of silver. As of September 18, 1975, the gold content in the medal is 14.583±0.903 g, the silver content is 12.03±0.927 g. The weight of the medal without a block is 15.25 g. The total weight of the medal is 28.014±1.5 g.

The title of "City-Hero", the title of "Fortress-Hero"

City-hero-honorary title, the highest degree of distinction.

Officially, the title was established as a state award on May 8, 1965, when the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR by its Decree approved the Regulations on the highest degree of distinction - the title of "hero city". On the same day, the title was awarded to the cities of Leningrad, Volgograd, Sevastopol, Odessa, Kyiv and Moscow, and the title of "hero-fortress" was awarded to the Brest Fortress.

The Regulations on the title of "hero city" states:

The order of Lenin

The highest degree of distinction - the title of "hero city" is assigned to the cities of the Soviet Union, whose workers showed mass heroism and courage in defending the Motherland in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945.

The city awarded the highest degree of distinction - the title of "hero city":

a) the highest award of the USSR is awarded - the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal;

b) a Diploma of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR is issued.

On the banner of the city, awarded the highest degree of distinction - the title of "hero city", the Order of Lenin and the medal "Gold Star" are depicted.

In the city, awarded the highest degree of distinction - the title of "hero city", an obelisk is installed with the image of the Order of Lenin, the Gold Star medal and the text of the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR.

Each city, like each person, has its own destiny: the time of birth (foundation), development, the time of ups and downs, the time of heroic deeds...

During the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945, all the people stood up to defend their homeland: men fought at the front, women and children fought in the rear, at the machine tools, in partisan detachments. Some cities showed special courage and mass heroism, for which they were awarded a special title.

After the war, 12 cities of the USSR were awarded the title of Hero City:

May 1, 1945
Leningrad (St. Petersburg);
Stalingrad (Volgograd);
Sevastopol;
Odessa.

Currently, Kyiv, Odessa, Kerch and Sevastopol are located on the territory of Ukraine; Minsk and the Brest Fortress - in the Republic of Belarus; the rest of the cities are in Russia.

By order of the Supreme Commander I.V. Stalin on May 1, 1945, the first hero cities were:

Leningrad;
Stalingrad;
Sevastopol;
Odessa.

Star of the Marshal of the Armed Forces, Admiral of the Fleet and General of the Army

On September 2, 1940, by the Decree of the Central Executive Committee and the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR, the marshal insignia "Marshal Star" was established. On March 3, 1955, it was established that the Admirals of the Fleet of the Soviet Union were awarded the same star.

DESCRIPTION, HISTORY

It is a five-pointed gold star with smooth dihedral rays on the front side. In the middle of the badge there is a platinum five-pointed star with diamonds; in the center is a diamond weighing 2.62 carats, in the rays there are 25 diamonds with a total weight of 1.25 carats.
Between the edges of the rays are 5 diamonds with a total weight of 3.06 carats.
The diameter of the circumscribed circle of the gold star is 44.5 mm, the platinum star is 23 mm.
The height of the Marshal's Star profile is 8 mm.
The reverse side of the badge is flat, with openwork of diamonds of a platinum star and diamonds located between the edges of the rays.
The "Marshal's Star" is connected by means of a triangular lug in the upper beam to a semi-oval mount 14 mm in size, through which a moiré ribbon 35 mm wide is threaded.
The total weight of the marshal's insignia is 36.8 g.

Although the Marshal's Star was a sign of distinction, similar, for example, to epaulettes, it was awarded, like an order, in a solemn atmosphere by the Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Council, and a special diploma was also issued to its owner. After the death or demotion of the Marshal, the star was subject to surrender to the Diamond Fund.
About 200 of these stars were made.

Later (February 27, 1943) a Marshal's Star of a different type appeared - for persons with the rank of Marshal of Artillery, Marshal of Air and Marshal of Armored Forces. On March 20, 1944, the Presidium of the Supreme Council ordered the marshals of the engineering troops and marshals of the communications troops to wear it; On June 5, 1962, to the admirals of the fleet, and on November 1, 1974, to the generals of the army.

The Marshal's Star of the Marshal of the Armed Forces, Admiral of the Fleet and General of the Army is a five-pointed gold star with smooth dihedral rays on the front side. On top of the gold star is superimposed a five-pointed platinum star of a smaller size. In the center of the platinum star is a 2.04 carat diamond. In the rays of a platinum star - 25 diamonds with a total weight of 0.91 carats. There are no diamonds between the rays of the golden star. The diameter of the circumscribed circle of the gold star is 42 mm, the platinum star is 21 mm. The height of the profile of the Marshal's Star is 8 mm. The reverse side of the badge is flat, with openwork of platinum star diamonds. The total weight is 35.1 g. The Marshal's Star is connected to a 14 mm semi-oval mount by means of a triangular lug in the upper beam. A moiré ribbon 35 mm wide is threaded through the eyelet in the upper beam.
The colors of the ribbon vary, depending on the type of troops. For artillery, the ribbon is golden, for aviation - blue, for armored troops - burgundy, for engineering troops - crimson, for signal troops - blue, for the admiral of the fleet - turquoise.

About 370 such stars were made. They were also awarded in the Russian army in 1992-1997. (after the abolition of marshal ranks in the military branches - only to generals of the army and admirals of the fleet).

Title "Mother Heroine"

Order "Mother Heroine"

By a decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated July 8, 1944, it was established that a mother who gave birth and raised ten children was awarded the highest degree of distinction - the title of "Mother Heroine". The regulation on the honorary title "Mother Heroine" and the Order "Mother Heroine" were approved by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of August 18, 1944.

Regulations on the title "Mother-heroine"

The title "Mother-Heroine" is the highest degree of distinction and is awarded to mothers who have given birth and raised ten or more children.

The assignment of the title "Mother-Heroine" is made when the last child reaches the age of one year and if there are other children of this mother alive.

When conferring the title "Mother Heroine", children are also taken into account:

adopted by the mother in the manner prescribed by law;
dead or missing in the defense of the USSR or in the performance of other duties of military service, or in the performance of the duty of a citizen of the USSR to save human life, to protect socialist property and socialist law and order, as well as those who died as a result of injury, concussion, injury or illness received during the specified circumstances, or as a result of an industrial injury or occupational disease.

Mothers who have been awarded the title "Mother Heroine" are awarded the Order "Mother Heroine" and a Diploma of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR.

The Order "Mother - Heroine" is worn by the awarded on the left side of the chest and, if the recipient has other orders and medals, is placed above them.

Description of the order "Mother Heroine"

The badge of the order "Mother-Heroine" is a golden convex five-pointed star against the background of silver rays diverging in the form of a five-pointed star, the ends of which are placed between the ends of the golden star.

The size of the order between the opposite ends of the silver shtral star is 28 mm. The height of the order together with the block is 46 mm.

On September 18, 1975, the gold content in the order was 4.5 ± 0.4402 g, the silver content was 11.525 ± 0.974 g. The fineness of gold was 583. The total weight of the order was 17.5573 ± 1.75 g.

The badge of the order is connected by means of an eyelet and a link to a figured metal plate covered with red enamel. On the plate there is a convex inscription "Mother is a heroine". The edges of the plate and the inscription are gilded. The plate has a pin on the reverse side for attaching the order to clothes.

Hero of the Soviet Union - the highest degree of distinction of the USSR. The highest rank, which was awarded for accomplishing a feat or outstanding merit during hostilities, and also, as an exception, in peacetime.
The title was first established by the Decree of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR of April 16, 1934, an additional insignia for the Hero of the Soviet Union - the Gold Star medal - was established by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of August 1, 1939. The author of the sketch of the award is the architect Miron Ivanovich Merzhanov.

Order "Victory"

The Order "Victory" - the highest military order of the USSR, was established by the Decree of the Presidium of the USSR Armed Forces of November 8, 1943 on the establishment of the Order "Victory" simultaneously with the soldier's Order of Glory. Decree of the Presidium of the USSR Armed Forces of August 18, 1944 approved the sample and description of the ribbon of the Order of Victory, as well as the procedure for wearing the bar with the ribbon of the order. In total there were 20 awards and seventeen cavaliers (three were awarded twice, one was deprived of the award posthumously).

Order of the Red Star

The Order of the Red Star was established by the Decree of the Presidium of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR of April 6, 1930. The statute of the order was established by the Decree of the Presidium of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR of May 5, 1930.
Subsequently, changes and clarifications were made to issues related to the awarding of the Order of the Red Star by the General Regulations on the Orders of the USSR (Decree of the Central Executive Committee and the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR of May 7, 1936), Decrees of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of June 19, 1943, February 26, 1946, October 15, 1947 and December 16, 1947. The Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of March 28, 1980 approved the Statute of the Order of the Red Star in a new edition.

Order of the Red Banner

The Order of the Red Banner (Order of the Red Banner) is the first of the Soviet orders. It was established to be awarded for special courage, dedication and courage shown in the defense of the socialist Fatherland. The Order of the Red Banner was also awarded to military units, warships, state and public organizations. Until the establishment of the Order of Lenin in 1930, the Order of the Red Banner remained the highest order of the Soviet Union.

The order of Lenin

The Order of Lenin - the highest award of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics - was established by a decree of the Presidium of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR of April 6, 1930.
The first signs of the Order of Lenin were made at the Goznak factory. The stamp for the trial sample of the “Order of Lenin” badge was engraved by Alexei Pugachev.
The statute of the order and its description were amended by the Decree of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR of September 27, 1934, the Decrees of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of June 19, 1943 and December 16, 1947.
By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of March 28, 1980, the statute of the order was approved in its final version.

Order of Glory

The Order of Glory is a military order of the USSR, established by the Decree of the Presidium of the USSR Armed Forces of November 8, 1943 "On the establishment of the Order of Glory I, II and III degrees." Persons of the rank and file and sergeants of the Red Army are awarded, and in aviation persons with the rank of junior lieutenant. It was awarded only for personal merit, military units and formations were not awarded to them.
The Order of Glory has three degrees, of which the order of the highest I degree is gold, and II and III are silver (in the second degree the central medallion was gilded). These insignia could be issued for a personal feat on the battlefield, they were issued in a strict sequence - from the lowest degree to the highest.

Order of Nakhimov

The Order of Nakhimov is a Soviet naval award during the Great Patriotic War.
Established by the Decree of the Presidium of the USSR Armed Forces of March 3, 1944 on the establishment of military orders: the Order of Ushakov I and II degrees and the Order of Nakhimov I and II degrees, simultaneously with the Order of Ushakov specifically for awarding officers of the Navy. The hierarchy of awards has the following correspondences:

• the naval order of Ushakov corresponds to the military order of Suvorov

In total, 82 awards were made with the Order of Nakhimov of the 1st degree, 469 awards were made with the Order of Nakhimov of the 2nd degree.

Order of Kutuzov

The Order of Kutuzov is a Soviet award established during the Great Patriotic War, named after Mikhail Kutuzov. The order is preserved in the award system of the Russian Federation.
This is the only Soviet order whose different degrees were established at different times.
The first and second degrees of the Order of Kutuzov were established by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of July 29, 1942. By decree of February 8, 1943, the III degree of the Order of Kutuzov was established, which brought it into line with the Order of Suvorov in terms of the positions of the recipients. But unlike him, the Order of Kutuzov had a more "defensive" and "staff" character, which was reflected in his Statute.
The creator of the project of the Order of Kutuzov was the artist N. I. Moskalev, the author of many sketches of orders and medals of the war years.

Order of the Patriotic War

The Order of the Patriotic War is a military order of the USSR, established by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR "On the establishment of the Order of the Patriotic War I and II degree" dated May 20, 1942. Later, some changes were made to the description of the order by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of June 19, 1943, and the statute of the order - by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of December 16, 1947. During the war, this order was awarded to 1276 thousand people, including about 350 thousand - the order of the first degree.
The Order of the Patriotic War was awarded to private and commanding personnel of the Red Army, the Navy, the NKVD troops and partisan detachments, who showed bravery, stamina and courage in the battles for the Soviet Motherland, as well as military personnel who, by their actions, contributed to the success of military operations of our troops.
The award was based on the project of A. I. Kuznetsov, and the idea of ​​the inscription "Patriotic War" on the sign was taken from the project of S. I. Dmitriev.
In 1985, in honor of the 40th anniversary of the great victory over fascism, the Order of the Patriotic War was revived as a commemorative award for veterans.

Order of Bogdan Khmelnitsky

The Order of Bohdan Khmelnitsky is a Soviet military order during the Great Patriotic War.
The order was established by the Decree of the Presidium of the USSR Armed Forces of 10/10/1943 on the establishment of the Order of Bohdan Khmelnitsky I, II and III degrees. Subsequently, this Decree was amended by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of February 26, 1947.
The order was awarded to commanders and soldiers of the Red Army and the Navy, leaders of partisan detachments and partisans who showed special determination and skill in operations to defeat the enemy, high patriotism, courage and selflessness in the struggle for the liberation of Soviet land from German invaders.
Established during the liberation of Ukraine at the suggestion of a member of the Military Council of the 1st Ukrainian Front, Lieutenant General N. S. Khrushchev; among the participants in its creation were figures of Ukrainian culture: film director A.P. Dovzhenko and poet Mykola Bazhan.
The Order of Bohdan Khmelnitsky 1st degree was awarded only 323 times, and generals V.K. Baranov, N.A. Borzov, I.T. Bulychev, F. F. Zhmachenko and some others were awarded the order twice.

Order of Alexander Nevsky

Established by Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of July 29, 1942. Subsequently, the Statute of the Order was supplemented by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of November 10, 1942. Partial changes were made to the description of the order by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of June 19, 1943.
The Order of Alexander Nevsky was awarded to commanders of the Red Army who showed personal courage, courage and bravery in the battles for the Motherland in the Patriotic War and skillful command to ensure the successful actions of their units.
The best sketch of the Order of Alexander Nevsky was created by a young architect Telyatnikov I.S.
In total, 42,165 awards were made for feats and merits in the Great Patriotic War by the Order of Alexander Nevsky. Among the awarded - 1473 military units and formations of the Soviet Army and Navy.

Order of Suvorov

The Order of Suvorov is a Soviet award during the Great Patriotic War. Established by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of July 29, 1942, simultaneously with the orders of Kutuzov and Alexander Nevsky. The Order of Suvorov was awarded to commanders of the Red Army for outstanding achievements in command and control. Military units were also awarded.
The Order of Suvorov was awarded by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. The Order of Suvorov consisted of three degrees: I, II, and III degrees. The highest degree of the order was the I degree.
The author of the project of the Order of Suvorov was the architect of the Central Military Design Institute Pyotr Skokan.
In total, during the war years, the Order of Suvorov of the 1st degree was awarded 346 awards, the 2nd degree - about 2800 awards, and the order of the 3rd degree - about 4000.
The order has been preserved in the award system of modern Russia, however, at the moment not a single award has been made.

Order of Ushakov

The Order of Ushakov is a Soviet naval award during the Great Patriotic War.
Established by the Decree of the Presidium of the USSR Armed Forces of March 3, 1944 on the establishment of military orders: the Order of Ushakov I and II degrees and the Order of Nakhimov I and II degrees, simultaneously with the Order of Nakhimov specifically for awarding officers of the Navy. The seniority of the Order of Ushakov over the Order of Nakhimov was determined and put in correspondence:

• naval order of Ushakov - to the military order of Suvorov
• naval order of Nakhimov - to the military order of Kutuzov

The order was designed by the architect M. A. Shepilevsky.
In total, the Order of Ushakov, I degree, was awarded 47 times, including awards to formations and units, including 11 times - a second time. The Order of Ushakov II degree was issued 194 times, including 12 formations and units of the Navy.

Order of Maternal Glory

The Order of Maternal Glory was established by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of July 8, 1944. The statute of the order was approved by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of August 18, 1944. The Statute of the Order was amended and supplemented by Decrees of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of December 16, 1947, May 28, 1973 and May 28, 1980.
The Order of Maternal Glory was awarded to mothers who gave birth and raised seven, eight and nine children.
The Order of Maternal Glory was awarded on behalf of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR by decrees of the Presidiums of the Supreme Soviets of the Union and Autonomous Republics.
The Order of Maternal Glory consists of three degrees: I, II, and III degrees.
The author of the design of the order is the chief artist of Goznak, Honored Art Worker of the RSFSR I. I. Dubasov. The order was made at the Moscow Mint.

Medal of Honor"

The Medal "For Courage" is a state award of the USSR, the Russian Federation and Belarus. It was established on October 17, 1938 to reward the soldiers of the Red Army, the Navy and the border guard for personal courage and bravery in battles with the enemies of the Soviet Union. After the collapse of the USSR, the medal in the same design (with minor adjustments) was re-established in the systems of awards in Russia and Belarus.

Medal "For the victory over Germany in the Second World War 1941-1945"

Medal "For the Victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945" established by the Decree of the Presidium of the USSR Armed Forces of May 9, 1945. The authors of the medal are the artists E. M. Romanov and I. K. Andrianov.
Medal "For the Victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945" were awarded:

• all military personnel and civilian employees who took direct part in the ranks of the Red Army, the Navy and the NKVD troops on the fronts of the Patriotic War or ensured victory by their work in military districts;
• all military personnel and civilian employees who served during the Great Patriotic War in the ranks of the active Red Army, Navy and NKVD troops, but who left them due to injury, illness and injury, as well as transferred by decision of state and party organizations to another work outside the army.

Medal "For the Victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945" awarded approximately 14,933,000 people.

Medal "For the Capture of Berlin"

Medal "For the Capture of Berlin" » - a medal established by the Decree of the Presidium of the USSR Armed Forces of June 9, 1945 in honor of the capture of Berlin during the Great Patriotic War.
According to the Regulations on the medal "For the Capture of Berlin", it was awarded to "servicemen of the Soviet Army, Navy and NKVD troops - direct participants in the heroic assault and capture of Berlin, as well as organizers and leaders of military operations during the capture of this city."
In total, more than 1.1 million people were awarded the medal "For the Capture of Berlin".

Medal "For the Defense of the Caucasus"

The medal "For the Defense of the Caucasus" was established by the Decree of the Presidium of the USSR Armed Forces of May 1, 1944 on the establishment of the medal "For the Defense of the Caucasus". The author of the drawing of the medal is the artist N. I. Moskalev.
The medal "For the Defense of the Caucasus" was awarded to all participants in the defense of the Caucasus - the military personnel of the Red Army, the Navy and the NKVD troops, as well as civilians who were directly involved in the defense.
The medal "For the Defense of the Caucasus" is worn on the left side of the chest and, in the presence of other medals of the USSR, is located after the medal "For the Defense of Kyiv".
The medal "For the Defense of the Caucasus" was awarded to about 870,000 people.

Medal "Partisan of the Patriotic War"

The medal "To the Partisan of the Patriotic War" was established by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of February 2, 1943. The author of the drawing of the medal is the artist N. I. Moskalev, the drawing is taken from the unrealized project of the medal “25 Years of the Soviet Army”.
The medal "Partisan of the Patriotic War" was awarded to partisans, the commanding staff of partisan detachments and organizers of the partisan movement for special merits in organizing the partisan movement, for courage, heroism and outstanding success in the partisan struggle for the Soviet Motherland in the rear of the Nazi invaders.
The medal "Partisan of the Patriotic War" of the 1st degree was awarded to 56,883 people, the 2nd degree - to 70,992 people.

Medal "For the Liberation of Warsaw"

The medal "For the Liberation of Warsaw" was established by the Decree of the Presidium of the USSR Armed Forces of June 9, 1945. The author of the medal project is the artist Kuritsyna.
The medal "For the Liberation of Warsaw" was awarded to servicemen of the Red Army, the Navy and the NKVD troops - direct participants in the heroic assault and liberation of Warsaw in the period January 14-17, 1945, as well as organizers and leaders of military operations during the liberation of this city.
The medal "For the Liberation of Warsaw" was awarded to approximately 701,700 people.

Medal "For Military Merit"

The medal "For Military Merit" was established by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of October 17, 1938, which was later repeatedly supplemented by other regulatory documents. Together with the medal "For Courage" it became one of the first Soviet awards.
The author of the drawing of the medal is the artist S.I. Dmitriev.
The Military Merit Medal was established to reward active assistance to the success of military operations, strengthening the combat readiness of troops.
The medal "For Military Merit" was awarded 5,210,078.

The medal "For the Defense of the Soviet Arctic" was established by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of December 5, 1944 "On the establishment of the medal "For the Defense of the Soviet Arctic" and on awarding this medal to participants in the defense of the Soviet Arctic". The author of the image of the medal is Lieutenant Colonel V. Alov with modifications by the artist A. I. Kuznetsov.
The medal "For the Defense of the Soviet Arctic" was awarded to all participants in the defense of the Arctic - the military personnel of the Red Army, the Navy and the NKVD troops, as well as civilians who were directly involved in the defense. The period of defense of the Soviet Arctic is considered June 22, 1941 - November 1944.
The medal "For the Defense of the Soviet Arctic" was awarded to approximately 353,240 people.

Medal "For the Capture of Budapest"

The medal "For the Capture of Budapest" was established by the Decree of the Presidium of the USSR Armed Forces of June 9, 1945. The author of the medal project is the artist A. I. Kuznetsov.
The medal "For the Capture of Budapest" was awarded to servicemen of the Red Army, the Navy and the NKVD troops - direct participants in the heroic assault and capture of Budapest in the period December 20, 1944 - February 15, 1945, as well as organizers and leaders of military operations during the capture of this city.
The medal "For the Capture of Budapest" is worn on the left side of the chest and, in the presence of other medals of the USSR, is located after the medal "For the Victory over Japan".
The medal "For the Capture of Budapest" was awarded to approximately 362,050 people.

Medal "For the Defense of Kyiv"

The medal "For the Defense of Kyiv" was established by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of June 21, 1961. The author of the medal project is the artist V. N. Atlantov.
The medal "For the Defense of Kyiv" was awarded to all participants in the defense of Kyiv - the military personnel of the Soviet Army and the troops of the former NKVD, as well as all the workers who took part in the defense of Kyiv in the ranks of the people's militia, in the construction of defensive fortifications, who worked in factories and factories that served the needs of the front, members of the Kyiv underground and partisans who fought the enemy near Kyiv. July - September 1941 is considered the period of defense of Kyiv.
The medal "For the Defense of Kyiv" is worn on the left side of the chest and, in the presence of other medals of the USSR, is located after the medal "For the Defense of Stalingrad".
As of January 1, 1995, approximately 107,540 people have been awarded the medal "For the Defense of Kyiv".

Medal "For the Defense of Leningrad"

The medal "For the Defense of Leningrad" was established by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of December 22, 1942. The author of the medal project is the artist N. I. Moskalev.
The medal "For the Defense of Leningrad" was awarded to all participants in the defense of Leningrad.
The awarding of the medal began immediately after its establishment, until 1945, about 600,000 blockade runners were awarded. Information about these people as of 1945 was kept in the museum of the siege of Leningrad, there were 6 volumes with the names of the awarded. These documents were later lost.
The medal "For the Defense of Leningrad" was awarded to about 1,470,000 people. Among them are 15,000 children and adolescents under the siege.

Medal "For the Liberation of Prague"

The medal "For the Liberation of Prague" was established by the Decree of the Presidium of the USSR Armed Forces of June 9, 1945. The authors of the drawing of the medal are the artist A. I. Kuznetsov and the artist Skorzhinskaya. The medal "For the Liberation of Prague" was awarded to servicemen of the Red Army, the Navy and the NKVD troops - direct participants in the Prague operation in the period May 3–9, 1945, as well as organizers and leaders of military operations during the liberation of this city. The medal "For the Liberation of Prague" is worn on the left side of the chest and, in the presence of other medals of the USSR, is located after the medal "For the Liberation of Warsaw". Over 395,000 people were awarded the medal "For the Liberation of Prague".

Medal "For the Defense of Odessa"

The medal "For the Defense of Odessa" was established by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of December 22, 1942. The author of the drawing of the medal is the artist N. I. Moskalev.
The medal "For the Defense of Odessa" was awarded to all participants in the defense of Odessa - servicemen of the Red Army, the Navy and the NKVD troops, as well as civilians who were directly involved in the defense. The period of defense of Odessa is considered August 10 - October 16, 1941.
The medal was presented on behalf of the PVS of the USSR on the basis of documents certifying the actual participation in the defense of Odessa, issued by unit commanders, heads of military medical institutions, the Odessa Regional and City Councils of Workers' Deputies.
The medal "For the Defense of Odessa" is worn on the left side of the chest and, in the presence of other medals of the USSR, is located after the medal "For the Defense of Moscow".
The medal "For the Defense of Odessa" was awarded to about 30,000 people.

Medal "For the Liberation of Belgrade"

Medal "For the Liberation of Belgrade" - a medal established by the Decree of the Presidium of the USSR Armed Forces of June 9, 1945. The design of the medal was created by the artist A. I. Kuznetsov.
The medal "For the Liberation of Belgrade" is awarded to servicemen of the Red Army, the Navy and the NKVD troops - direct participants in the heroic assault and liberation of Belgrade in the period September 29 - October 22, 1944, as well as organizers and leaders of military operations during the liberation of this city.
The medal "For the Liberation of Belgrade" is worn on the left side of the chest and, in the presence of other medals of the USSR, is located after the medal "For the Capture of Berlin".
The medal "For the Liberation of Belgrade" was awarded to about 70,000 people.

Medal "For the Capture of Koenigsberg"

The medal "For the Capture of Koenigsberg" was established by the Decree of the Presidium of the USSR Armed Forces of June 9, 1945. The author of the medal project is the artist A. I. Kuznetsov.
The medal "For the capture of Koenigsberg" was awarded to servicemen of the Red Army, the Navy and the NKVD troops - direct participants in the heroic assault and capture of Koenigsberg in the period January 23 - April 10, 1945, as well as organizers and leaders of military operations during the capture of this city.
The medal "For the Capture of Koenigsberg" is worn on the left side of the chest and, in the presence of other medals of the USSR, is located after the medal "For the Capture of Budapest".
About 760,000 people were awarded the medal "For the Capture of Koenigsberg".

Medal "For the Defense of Moscow"

The medal "For the Defense of Moscow" was established by the Decree of the Presidium of the USSR Armed Forces of May 1, 1944 on the establishment of the medal "For the Defense of Moscow". The author of the drawing of the medal is the artist N. I. Moskalev.
The medal "For the Defense of Moscow" was awarded to all participants in the defense of Moscow.
The medal is worn on the left side of the chest and, in the presence of other medals of the USSR, is located after the medal "For the Defense of Leningrad".
The medal "For the Defense of Moscow" was awarded to approximately 1,028,600 people.

Medal "For the Defense of Stalingrad"

The medal "For the Defense of Stalingrad" was established by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of December 22, 1942. The author of the drawing of the medal is the artist N. I. Moskalev
The medal "For the Defense of Stalingrad" was awarded to all participants in the defense of Stalingrad - the military personnel of the Red Army, the Navy and the NKVD troops, as well as civilians who were directly involved in the defense. The period of the defense of Stalingrad is considered July 12 - November 19, 1942.
The medal "For the Defense of Stalingrad" is worn on the left side of the chest and, in the presence of other medals of the USSR, is located after the medal "For the Defense of Sevastopol".
The medal "For the Defense of Stalingrad" was awarded to approximately 759,560 people.

Medal "For the Capture of Vienna"

Medal "For the Capture of Vienna" - a medal established by the Decree of the Presidium of the USSR Armed Forces of June 9, 1945 in honor of the capture of Vienna during the Great Patriotic War.
The medal "For the Capture of Vienna" was awarded to servicemen of the Red Army, the Navy and the NKVD troops - direct participants in the assault and capture of Vienna in the period March 16 - April 13, 1945, as well as the organizers and leaders of military operations during the capture of this city.
The medal "For the Capture of Vienna" is worn on the left side of the chest and, in the presence of other medals of the USSR, is located after the medal "For the Capture of Koenigsberg".
The medal "For the Capture of Vienna" was awarded to approximately 277,380 people.

Medal "For the Defense of Sevastopol"

The medal "For the Defense of Sevastopol" was established by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of December 22, 1942. The author of the approved drawing of the medal is the artist N. I. Moskalev.
The medal "For the Defense of Sevastopol" was awarded to all participants in the defense of Sevastopol - the military personnel of the Red Army, the Navy and the NKVD troops, as well as civilians who were directly involved in the defense. The defense of Sevastopol lasted 250 days, from October 30, 1941 to July 4, 1942.
The medal "For the Defense of Sevastopol" is worn on the left side of the chest and, in the presence of other medals of the USSR, is located after the medal "For the Defense of Odessa".
The medal "For the Defense of Sevastopol" was awarded to approximately 52,540 people.

Medal "For Valiant Labor in the Second World War 1941-1945"

Medal "For Valiant Labor in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945" established by the Decree of the Presidium of the USSR Armed Forces of June 6, 1945. The authors of the drawing of the medal are the artists I. K. Andrianov and E. M. Romanov.
Medal "For Valiant Labor in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945" were awarded:

• workers, engineering and technical personnel and employees of industry and transport;
• collective farmers and agricultural specialists;
• workers of science, technology, art and literature;
• workers of Soviet, party, trade union and other public organizations - who ensured the victory of the Soviet Union over Germany in the Great Patriotic War with their valiant and selfless work.

Medal "For Valiant Labor in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945" worn on the left side of the chest and, in the presence of other medals of the USSR, is located after the medal "For the Liberation of Prague".
Medal "For Valiant Labor in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945" awarded approximately 16,096,750 people.

Medal "For the victory over Japan"

The medal "For the Victory over Japan" was established by the Decree of the Presidium of the USSR Armed Forces of September 30, 1945. The author of the medal project is the artist Lukina M.L.
The medal "For the Victory over Japan" was awarded to:

• all military personnel and civilian personnel of units and formations of the Red Army, the Navy and the NKVD troops who took a direct part in the hostilities against the Japanese imperialists as part of the troops of the 1st Far Eastern, 2nd Far Eastern and Trans-Baikal Fronts, the Pacific Fleet and the Amur river flotilla;
• military personnel of the central departments of the NPO, the NKVMF and the NKVD, who took part in supporting the combat operations of the Soviet troops in the Far East.
  The medal "For the Victory over Japan" is worn on the left side of the chest and, in the presence of other medals of the USSR, is located after the anniversary medal "Forty Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945."

The total number of those awarded the medal "For the victory over Japan" is about 1,800,000 people.

Nakhimov Medal

The Nakhimov Medal is a state award of the USSR. Established by the Decree of the Presidium of the USSR Armed Forces of March 3, 1944 "On the establishment of military medals: the Ushakov medal and the Nakhimov medal." By Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the Russian Federation of March 2, 1992 No. 2424-1, the medal was left in the system of awards of the Russian Federation until the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of March 2, 1994 No. 442 "On State Awards of the Russian Federation" comes into force.
The Nakhimov medal was awarded to sailors and soldiers, foremen and sergeants, midshipmen and ensigns of the Navy and naval units of the border troops. In total, over 13,000 awards were made
The Nakhimov medal was designed by the architect M. A. Shepilevsky.

Ushakov medal

The Ushakov medal is a state award of the USSR and the Russian Federation. Established by the Decree of the Presidium of the USSR Armed Forces of March 3, 1944 "On the establishment of military medals: the Ushakov medal and the Nakhimov medal." By Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the Russian Federation dated March 2, 1992 No. 2424-1, the medal was left in the system of state awards of the Russian Federation. Established again by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of March 2, 1994 No. 442.
The medal was designed by the architect M. A. Shepilevsky.
The Ushakov Medal was awarded to sailors and soldiers, foremen and sergeants, midshipmen and warrant officers of the Navy and naval units of the border troops for courage and bravery shown in the defense of the socialist Fatherland in maritime theaters, both in wartime and in peacetime.
During the war years, about 14 thousand sailors were awarded the Ushakov medal.

Badge "Guard"

"Guard" - a badge in the Red Army and the Soviet Army of the USSR Armed Forces, established on May 21, 1942.
Later, it began to be awarded to servicemen of the Guards formations of the Navy of the USSR Armed Forces.
The sign was designed by the artist S.M. Dmitriev.
On the basis of the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of June 11, 1943, this sign was also placed on the banners of armies and corps that received the title of guards.
In total, during the war, until May 9, 1945, the title of Guards was awarded to: 11 combined arms and 6 tank armies; horse-mechanized group; 40 rifle, 7 cavalry, 12 tank, 9 mechanized and 14 aviation corps; 117 rifle, 9 airborne, 17 cavalry, 6 artillery, 53 aviation and 6 anti-aircraft artillery divisions; 7 rocket artillery divisions; many dozens of brigades and regiments. In the Navy, there were 18 surface guard ships, 16 submarines, 13 divisions of combat boats, 2 air divisions, 1 brigade of marines and 1 naval railroad artillery brigade.

TITLE "HERO OF THE SOVIET UNION"

The highest degree of distinction - the title of "Hero of the Soviet Union" was established by the Decree of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR of April 16, 1934. July 29, 1936. The Gold Star medal was established [For a description of the Gold Star medal, see the Medals of the USSR section].

The Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of May 14, 1973 approved the Regulations on the title of Hero of the Soviet Union in a new edition. This Regulation reads:

"one. The title of Hero of the Soviet Union is the highest degree of distinction and is awarded for personal or collective services to the state associated with the accomplishment of a heroic deed.

2. The title of Hero of the Soviet Union is awarded by the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR.

3. The Hero of the Soviet Union is awarded: the highest award of the USSR - the Order of Lenin; badge of special distinction - the medal "Gold Star"; Diploma of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR.

4. A Hero of the Soviet Union who has accomplished a heroic feat for the second time, no less than the one for which others who have accomplished a similar feat are awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, is awarded the Order of Lenin and the second Gold Star medal, and in commemoration of his exploits a bronze bust of the Hero is erected with the corresponding an inscription installed in his homeland, which is recorded in the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on the award.

5. A Hero of the Soviet Union, awarded two Gold Star medals, for new heroic deeds similar to those previously accomplished, may be again awarded the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal.

6. When a Hero of the Soviet Union is awarded the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal, he is simultaneously presented with the Order and Medal by the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR.

7. If the Hero of the Soviet Union is awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor, then, in commemoration of his heroic and labor deeds, a bronze bust of the Hero with a corresponding inscription is erected, installed in his homeland, which is recorded in the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on conferring the title Hero of Socialist Labor.

8. Heroes of the Soviet Union enjoy the benefits established by law ... "

The establishment of the highest degree of distinction of the USSR - the title of Hero of the Soviet Union is associated with events that once riveted the attention of the whole world.

On July 12, 1933, an expedition set off from Leningrad on the Chelyuskin steamer with the goal of passing the Northern Sea Route from Murmansk to the Bering Strait in one navigation. The expedition was headed by an outstanding scientist, communist O. Yu. Schmidt.

In September 1933, Chelyuskin was trapped in the ice. On February 13, 1934, crushed by ice, the ship sank. More than a hundred members of the expedition, including women and two infants, landed from the sinking ship onto the ice. In the incredibly difficult conditions of the Arctic night, brave Soviet people lived and worked for two months.

The Soviet government took all measures to save them. It sent planes, icebreakers, and sledges to the area where the Chelyuskin was killed. The organization of rescue operations was led by a specially created government commission headed by V. V. Kuibyshev. A group of brave pilots, risking their lives, found people in distress in the ice of the Chukchi Sea and delivered them to the mainland.

A government telegram sent to the pilots said: “We are delighted with your heroic work to save the Chelyuskinites. We are proud of your victory over the forces of the elements. We are glad that you justified the best hopes of the country and turned out to be worthy sons of our great Motherland ... ”And then it was said that the issue of establishing the highest degree of distinction - the title of Hero of the Soviet Union and conferring this title on hero pilots.

On April 20, 1934, by the Decree of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR, for the first time the title of Hero of the Soviet Union was awarded to the brave pilots Vodopyanov M. V., Doronin I. V., Kamanin N. P., Levanevsky S. A., Lyapidevsky A. V., Molokov V. S., Slepnev M. T.

Hero of the Soviet Union Lyapidevsky A.V. was awarded the Gold Star medal for No. 1.

In 1934, the title of Hero of the Soviet Union was awarded to the outstanding Soviet pilot M. M. Gromov, who completed a record non-stop flight over a distance of 12,411 km in 75 hours.

In 1936, pilots V. P. Chkalov, G. F. Baidukov, and A. V. Belyakov, who made a non-stop flight from Moscow to the Far East, became Heroes of the Soviet Union.

In 1938, the title of Hero of the Soviet Union was awarded to the famous Soviet polar explorers Papanin I.D., Krenkel E.T., Fedorov E.K., Shirshov P.P. North Pole, and to the brave Soviet pilots Grizodubova V.S., Osipenko P.D., Raskova M.M., who made a non-stop flight on a Rodina plane over a distance of 5908 km.

For heroic deeds, courage and courage shown in the performance of combat missions of the command to defeat the Japanese invaders in the area of ​​Lake Khasan in 1938 and in the area of ​​the Khalkhin-Gol River in 1939, as well as during the Finnish-Soviet conflict of 1939 - 1940, the high title of Hero of the Soviet Union was awarded to many Soviet soldiers.

By the beginning of 1941, more than 600 people were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, and five of them were military pilots S. I. Gritsevets, S. P. Denisov, G. P. Kravchenko, Ya. V. Smushkevich and the famous polar explorer Papa -nin P.D. were awarded the second Gold Star medal.

During the Great Patriotic War, the title of Hero of the Soviet Union was first awarded to fighter pilots Zhukov M.P., Zdorovtsev S.I., Kharitonov P.T., who distinguished themselves in heavy air battles with enemy bombers rushing to Leningrad. This high rank was awarded to them by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of July 8, 1941.

At present, it is impossible to establish who was the first in the Great Patriotic War to perform a heroic deed worthy of conferring the high title of Hero of the Soviet Union. At various times, this highest degree of distinction was awarded to the Soviet border guards, who were the first to fight on the borders "June 22, 1941, - Lieutenant Lopatin A. V., Sergeant Buzytskov I. D., Junior Sergeant Mikhalkov V. F., Lieutenant Ryzhikov A.V.; Captain Gastello N.F., who accomplished an immortal feat in the first days of the war; to the hero of the Brest Fortress Major P. M. Gavrilov and others.

The famous military pilot Hero of the Soviet Union, Lieutenant Colonel Suprun S. P. By the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of July 22, 1941, for heroism, courage and courage in air battles with superior enemy aircraft, he was the first during the Great Patriotic War to be awarded the second Gold Star medal ".

The heroism of Soviet soldiers - participants in the Great Patriotic War was highly appreciated by the Communist Party and the Soviet government. More than 11.5 thousand soldiers were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, of which 104 people were awarded two Gold Star medals, and Marshal of the Soviet Union Zhukov G.K. and military pilots Kozhedub I.N. and Pokryshkin A.I. - three Gold Star medals.

Among the Heroes of the Soviet Union who were awarded the second Gold Star medal for their services in the Great Patriotic War were the front commander, and then the commander-in-chief of the troops of the Far East Vasilevsky A. M., front commanders Konev I. S., Malinovsky R. Ya. , Rokossovsky K. K., Chernyakhovsky I. D., Commander of the Air Force Novikov A. A., commanders of the combined arms armies Batov P. I., Beloborodoe A. P., Krylov N. I., Chuikov V. I., commanders of tank armies Bogdanov S. I., Katukov M. E., Rybalko P. S., Kravchenko A. G., Lelyushenko D. D., commander of the air army Khryukni T. T., commanders of combined arms formations and units Artemenko S. E., Glazunov V. A., Goryushkin N. I., Kozak S. A., Koshevoy P. K., Rodimtsev A. I., Fesin I. I., commanders of tank formations and units Arkhipov V. S., Boyko I. P., Golovachev A. A., Gusakovsky I. I., Dragunsky D. A., Slyusarenko Z. K., Fomichev M. G., Khokhryakov S. V., Shurukhin P. I., Shutov S. F., Yakubovsky I. I., caval commander Pliev I. A., commanders of artillery units Petrov V. S., Shilin A. P., commanders of aviation units of the Navy Mazurenko A. E., Rakov V. I., Safonov B. F., Stepanyan N G., Chelnokov N. V. and others.

The title of Hero of the Soviet Union was awarded to 234 partisans, including the famous organizers and leaders of the partisan movement S. A. Kovpak and A. F. Fedorov, who were awarded two Gold Star medals.

In the post-war period, for outstanding services to the Motherland and the Soviet Armed Forces, Marshal of the Soviet Union G.K. Zhukov was awarded the fourth Gold Star medal, and Marshal of the Soviet Union S.M. Budyonny, who was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union in 1958, in 1963 and 1968 was awarded the second and third Gold Star medals [A list of Heroes of the Soviet Union awarded four, three and two Gold Star medals is given in Appendix 3.].

In the post-war period, some Heroes of the Soviet Union for outstanding labor exploits and services in building socialism in our country were also awarded another highest degree of distinction of the USSR - the title of Hero of Socialist Labor. Comrades L. I. Brezhnev, K. E. Voroshilov, V. I. Golovchenko, K. P. Orlovsky and others were awarded these two highest degrees of distinction of the Soviet state.

In days of peace, there is also a place for heroic deeds glorifying our Soviet Motherland. The family of Heroes of the Soviet Union included courageous pioneers and space explorers - Yuri Gagarin, German Titov, Andriyan Nikolaev, Pavel Popovich, Valery Bykovsky, Valentina Tereshkova and others. Pilot-cosmonaut G. T. Beregovoy, who was awarded the high title of Hero of the Soviet Union for heroism, courage and bravery shown by him during the Great Patriotic War, was awarded the second Gold Star medal for his merits in the development of space. Also, for merits in the exploration of outer space, the pilot-cosmonauts of the USSR Heroes of the Soviet Union Volkov V.P., Volynov B.V., Gorbatko V.V., Eliseev A.S., Klimuk P.I. ., Komarov V. M., Kubasov V. N., Leonov A. A., Nikolaev A. G., Popovich P. R., Rukavishnikov N. N., Sevastyanov V. I., Filipchenko A. V., Shatalov V. A.

By the beginning of 1977, 12,497 people were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, of which 136 people were awarded two Gold Star medals, 3 people were awarded three Gold Star medals, and 1 person was awarded four Gold Star medals.

Among the Heroes of the Soviet Union - 91 women; 24 of them received this high title for partisan activities.

The title of Hero of the Soviet Union was awarded to more than 20 foreign citizens. Among the first foreigners who were awarded this title were the Czechoslovakian military officer Yarosh O. F., the soldiers of the 1st Polish Infantry Division, Lieutenant Sohor A. A. and the gunner of the submachine gunners company Kzhivon A. T.

Noting the great merits of the Heroes of the Soviet Union to the socialist Motherland, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, by Decree of September 6, 1967, established a number of benefits for persons awarded this high title [The Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of September 6, 1967 was supplemented by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR oh April 30, 1975]. According to this Decree, the Heroes of the Soviet Union have the right to:

To establish by him personal pensions of federal significance in relation to the conditions determined by the Regulations on Personal Pensions. This right is also enjoyed by the families of the deceased Heroes of the Soviet Union, who were previously granted a pension on other grounds;

To pay for the living space occupied by them and their family members in the amount of 50 percent of the rent calculated at the rates established for workers and employees;

When living in houses owned by them as personal property, to a discount on building and land rent tax or on agricultural tax in the amount of 50 percent of the established rates;

Personal free travel once a year (round trip) by rail - in soft wagons

fast and passenger trains, by water transport - in class I cabins (places of category I) of fast and passenger lines, by air or intercity road transport;

Personal free use of intra-city transport (tram, bus, trolleybus, subway, water crossings), and in rural areas - buses of intra-district lines;

To receive, at the conclusion of a medical institution, an annual free permit to a sanatorium or rest home [Issuance of free permits to the Heroes of the Soviet Union. is made at the place of their work (service), and for non-working pensioners - by the bodies that assigned the pension];

Va extraordinary service by entertainment and public utilities, cultural and educational institutions;

For treatment at the place of residence in polyclinics and hospitals (hospitals) of the USSR Ministry of Defense, the State Security Committee under the USSR Council of Ministers and the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs, depending on which of these ministries or the KGB under the USSR Council of Ministers the Hero of the Soviet Union was on service [This refers to the Heroes of the Soviet Union who are retired or retired.].

The heroes of the Soviet Union are an example of courage, courage, fidelity to duty, unparalleled devotion to their homeland, loyalty to the cause of the great Lenin - the cause of communism, and enjoy the honor and respect of all our people.

TITLE "HERO OF SOCIALIST LABOR"

The highest degree of distinction - the title of "Hero of Socialist Labor" was established by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of December 27, 1938. The same Decree approved the Regulations on the title of Hero of Socialist Labor.

On May 22, 1940, by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR “On additional insignia for Heroes of Socialist Labor”, the Hammer and Sickle gold medal was established [For a description of the Sickle and Moloch gold medal, see the section “Medals of the USSR”].

The Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of May 14, 1973 approved the Regulations on the title of Hero of Socialist Labor in a new edition. This Regulation reads:

"one. The title of Hero of Socialist Labor is the highest degree of distinction for merits in the field of economic and socio-cultural construction.

2. The title of Hero of Socialist Labor is awarded to individuals who have shown labor heroism, who, through their especially outstanding innovative activity, have made a significant contribution to increasing the efficiency of social production, contributed to the rise of the national economy, science, culture, the growth of the power and glory of the USSR.

3. The title of Hero of Socialist Labor is awarded by the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR.

4. The Hero of Socialist Labor is awarded: the highest award of the USSR - the Order of Lenin; badge of special distinction - the gold medal "Hammer and Sickle"; Diploma of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR.

5. Hero of Socialist Labor for new outstanding achievements in the field of economic and socio-cultural construction, no less than those for which he was awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor, is awarded the Order of Lenin and the second gold medal "Sickle and Hammer" and in commemoration of his labor exploits is being built a bronze bust of the Hero with a corresponding inscription, installed in his homeland, which is recorded in the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on the award.

6. The Hero of Socialist Labor, who was awarded two gold medals "Hammer and Sickle", for new outstanding achievements in the field of economic and socio-cultural construction, no less significant than the previous ones, can be again awarded the Order of Lenin and the Hammer and Sickle gold medal .

7. When a Hero of Socialist Labor is awarded the Order of Lenin and the Hammer and Sickle gold medal, he is simultaneously presented with a letter of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR along with the order and medal.

8. In the event that the Hero of Socialist Labor is awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, then in commemoration of his labor and heroic deeds, a bronze bust of the Hero with a corresponding inscription is erected, installed in his homeland, which is recorded in the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on conferring the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

9. Heroes of Socialist Labor enjoy the benefits established by law ... "

The first Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on conferring the title of Hero of Socialist Labor took place on December 20, 1939. By this Decree, the title of Hero of Socialist Labor was awarded to I.V. Stalin. With the establishment of the Hammer and Sickle gold medal, he was awarded this insignia for No. 1.

The well-known designer of small arms Degtyarev V.A. became the second Hero of Socialist Labor in our country. This title was awarded to him by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of January 2, 1940.

Among the first to be awarded the high title of Hero of Socialist Labor were aircraft designers Polikarpov N.P., Yakovlev A.S., small arms designer F.V. Tokarev, aircraft weapons designer B.G. , Krupchatnikov M. Ya., Ivanov I. I., designers of aircraft engines Mikulin A. A., Klimov V. Ya. (Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of October 28, 1940), professor of TsAGI Chaplygin S. A. of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of August 1, 1941), the designer of one of the samples of jet weapons Kostikov A. G. (Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of July 28, 1941).

During the Great Patriotic War, the title of Hero of Socialist Labor was one of the first to be awarded to the People's Commissar of the Aviation Industry A.I. Shakhurin, his deputies P.V. Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of September 8, 1941), tank designer Zh. Ya. Kotin, director of the Kirov plant in Leningrad I. M. Zaltsman (Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of September 19, 1941) and aircraft designer Ilyushin S. V. (Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of November 25, 1941).

After the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945, during the period of restoration of the destroyed national economy of our country and its further development, for outstanding labor successes, especially in the field of agriculture, some Heroes of Socialist Labor were awarded the second gold medal "Hammer and Sickle".

The first Heroes of Socialist Labor, awarded the second gold medal "Hammer and Sickle" by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of June 17, 1950, were cotton growers Bagirova Basti Masim kyzy and Gasanova Shamama Makhmudali kyzy.

Soon the second gold medal "Hammer and Sickle" was awarded to cotton growers Annarov A., Tursunkulov X., Kakabaev A., Toyliev I., tobacco grower Svanidze P.P., chairman of the collective farm, which achieved high rates in the collection of cotton and rice yields, Kim P., tea growers Kupunia T. A., Rogava A. M., milkmaids of the state farm "Karavaevo" Barkova U. S., Grekhova E. I., Ivanova L. P., Nilova A. V. and others.

The second gold medal "Hammer and Sickle" was also awarded to well-known foremen of tractor brigades Angelsh-na P. N. and Gitalov A. V., chairmen of collective farms Generalov F. S., Beshulya S. E., Burkatskaya G. E., Dubkovetsky F. I., Ismailov K., Urunkhodzhaev S., Ovezov B., Ersaryev O., noble collective farmers and collective farmers - masters of high yields Vishtak S. D., Diptan O. K., Kayoazarova S m Blazhevsky E. V., Bryntseva M. A., well-known combine operators Gontar D. I., Bai-da G. I., Braga M. A., karakul growers Kuanyshbaev Zh. and Balimanov D., foreman of viticulturists Knyazeva M. D. and others.

In industry, the second gold medal "Sickle and Hammer" was awarded to the head of the construction of the Volgograd hydroelectric complex Alexandrov A.P., the head of the coal mine site Bridko I.I., the famous electric welder Ulesov A.A. and others.

The second gold medal "Hammer and Sickle" was awarded to prominent party and government officials, as well as outstanding Soviet scientists. Among them are comrades Kosygin A. N., Kirilenko A. P., Kunaev D. A., Suslov M. A., Ustinov D. F., academician Korolev S. P., honorary academician of VASKhNIL Yuryev V. Ya., full member of VASKhNIL breeder V. S. Pustovoit, famous aircraft designers A. I. Mikoyan, A. S. Yakovlev, P. O. Sukhoi and others.

In total, by the beginning of 1977, in our country, the high title of Hero of Socialist Labor was awarded to 18,287 Soviet citizens, of which over a hundred people were awarded two medals "Hammer and Chamois".

For outstanding services to the state in the field of science and technology, in the management of individual branches of industry, a number of prominent Soviet scientists and organizers of production were awarded three gold medals "Hammer and Sickle". Among them are academicians I. V. Kurchatov, M. V. Keldysh, A. P. Aleksandrov, Ya. B. Zeldovich, K. I. Shchelkin, B. L. Vannikov, one of the organizers of the defense industry of the USSR, and A. Tupolev, aircraft designers. P., Ilyushin S. V. and others. Three gold medals "Hammer and Sickle" were awarded to the noble chairman of the cotton-growing collective farm Kham-rakul Tursunkulov.

For great services to our socialist Motherland, by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of September 6, 1967, a number of benefits were established for the Heroes of Socialist Labor.

In accordance with this Decree, Heroes of Socialist Labor have the right to:

To establish by him personal pensions of federal significance in relation to the conditions determined by the Regulations on Personal Pensions. This right is also enjoyed by the families of the deceased Heroes of Socialist Labor, who were previously granted a pension on other grounds;

To provide living space in accordance with established standards in the first place;

To pay for the living space occupied by them and their family members in the amount of 50 percent of the rent calculated at the rates established for workers and employees;

When living in houses owned by them as personal property, to a discount on building and land rent tax or agricultural tax in the amount of 50 percent of the established rates;

To pay for the additional space they occupy up to 15 sq. meters in a single size;

Personal free travel once a year (round trip) by rail - in soft cars of fast and passenger trains, by water transport - in class I cabins (category I seats) of fast and passenger lines, by air or intercity road transport;

Personal free use of intra-city transport (tram, bus, trolleybus, subway, water crossings), and in rural areas - buses of intra-district lines;

To receive, at the conclusion of a medical institution, an annual free voucher to a sanatorium or rest home [Issuance of free vouchers to the Heroes of Socialist Labor is carried out at their place of work (service), and to non-working pensioners - by the bodies that assigned the pension];

For extraordinary maintenance by entertainment and public utilities, cultural and educational institutions.

The Heroes of Socialist Labor are an example of labor dedication and heroism, devotion to their homeland, to the cause of building a communist society in the USSR, and enjoy the honor and respect of the Soviet people.

75 years ago the title "Hero of the Soviet Union" was established. I am very interested in everything related to this: history, the first heroes awarded this title, other outstanding Heroes of the Soviet Union, about whom, unfortunately, people do not know anything, even their names. I'll be waiting for as concrete a story as possible on this topic.

Viktor NOVIKOV.

Student. Saratov.

The title of Hero of the Soviet Union - the highest degree of distinction for personal or collective services to the Soviet state and society associated with the accomplishment of a heroic deed - was established by the Decree of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR on April 16, 1934. The Hero of the Soviet Union was awarded: the highest award of the USSR - the Order of Lenin, a special distinction - the Gold Star medal (established by Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of 08/01/1939) and a diploma of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR.

The assignment of the title until August 22, 1988 could be done repeatedly, while until May 14, 1973, the Order of Lenin was not awarded with repeated and subsequent assignments. By a decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated May 14, 1973, repeated and subsequent assignments were accompanied by the presentation of a complete set of award signs and documents (the Order of Lenin, the Gold Star medal, a diploma of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR). Since August 22, 1988, the assignment of the title of Hero of the Soviet Union has become a one-time and subsequent assignments to the living of the highest degree of distinction were not carried out.

On April 20, 1934, the first performance took place: the Central Executive Committee of the USSR awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union to pilots - participants in the rescue of Chelyuskinites in the following order: A.V. Lyapidevsky, S.A. Levanevsky, V.S. Molokov, N.P. Kamanin, M.T. Slepnev, M.V. Vodopyanov, I.V. Doronin. The chronological list of Heroes of the Soviet Union was opened by Lyapidevsky Anatoly Vasilyevich (03/23/1908 - 04/29/1983).

On November 2, 1938, pilots V.S. became the first women - Heroes of the Soviet Union. Grizodubova, P.D. Osipenko, M.M. Raskov, who flew on a Rodina plane from Moscow to the Far East.

The first foreign citizens - Heroes of the Soviet Union were the pilots of the international air squadron of the Republican Spain Italian Gibelli Primo (Decree of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR of December 31, 1936, posthumously) and Bulgarian Goranov Volkan (under this name Z.S. Zahariev was listed in the Resolution of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR of December 31. 1936). During the Great Patriotic War, Lieutenant Yarosh Otakar, commander of the 1st company of a separate Czechoslovak battalion, became the first foreign Hero of the Soviet Union (Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of April 17, 1943).

By the beginning of 1941, 626 people had been awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union; during the Great Patriotic War - 11638 people. As of December 26, 1991, more than 12,800 people were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, including 91 women and 40 citizens of foreign countries.

The last Hero of the Soviet Union was Captain 3rd Rank Solodkov Leonid Mikhailovich (born 04/10/1958) for super deep diving (Decree of the President of the USSR No. 3158 of December 24, 1991. The award was presented on January 2, 1992).

On August 29, 1939, the country became aware of the names of the first twice Heroes of the Soviet Union - pilots of the Heroes of the Soviet Union (Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of February 22, 1939) majors S.I. Gritsevets (July 19, 1909 - September 16, 1939) and G.P. Kravchenko (from December 15, 1939, colonel, from June 4, 1940 - lieutenant general of aviation. 10/05/1912 - 02/23/1943), awarded by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of 08/29/1939 with the second Gold Star medal ". Before the Great Patriotic War, the second Gold Star medal was also awarded to: pilot Hero of the Soviet Union (Decree of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR of 06/21/1937) commander (since November 18, 1939 commander of the 2nd rank, from June 4, 1940 lieutenant general aviation) Ya.V. Smushkevich (04/14/1902 - 10/28/1941) by Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of 11/17/1939; pilot Hero of the Soviet Union (Decree of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR of 07/04/1937), participant in the fighting during the Soviet-Finnish conflict, commander of the Air Force of the 7th Army, commander (since June 4, 1940 Lieutenant General of Aviation) S.P. Denisov (12/25/1909 - 06/16/1971) by Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of 03/21/1940; illustrious polar explorer Hero of the Soviet Union (Decree of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR of 07/26/1937) captain 1st rank (since 1943 rear admiral) I.D. Papanin (11/26/1894 - 01/30/1986) by Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of 07/03/1940

During the Great Patriotic War, 104 people were awarded the second Gold Star medal. On December 26, 1991, there were at least 145 twice Heroes of the Soviet Union. The brave, fearless woman pilot-cosmonaut of the USSR Savitskaya Svetlana Evgenievna (08/08/1948) was awarded the title twice Hero of the Soviet Union (decrees of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of 08/27/1982 and 07/29/1984) The last twice Hero of the Soviet Union became a Hero of the Soviet Union (Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of December 22, 1942), Major General Aslanov Azi Akhad-oglu (Agadovich), who was posthumously awarded the title by Decree of the President of the USSR of June 21, 1991 for the successful leadership of the fighting of the 35th tank brigades and personal heroism during the operation "Bagration" in the Great Patriotic War (01/22/1910 - mortally wounded in battle on 01/25/1945) Before the Great Patriotic War there were no Heroes of the Soviet Union three times. On December 26, 1991, there were three of them:

Guard Lieutenant Colonel (since December 16, 1972 Air Marshal) A.I. Pokryshkin (05/24/1943, 08/24/1943, 08/19/1944);

Major (since May 7, 1985 Air Marshal) I.N. Kozhedub (02/04/1944, 08/19/1944, 08/18/1945);

Marshal of the Soviet Union S.M. Budyonny (02/01/1958, 04/24/1963, 02/22/1968).

Marshal of the Soviet Union G.K. Zhukov (08/29/1939, 07/29/1944, 06/01/1945, 12/01/1956);

Marshal of the Soviet Union L.I. Brezhnev (12/18/1966, 12/18/1976, 12/19/1978, 12/18/1981). On November 4, 1939, the first presentation of the Gold Star medal took place. Medal No. 1 was awarded to Major Kravchenko Grigory Panteleevich, although in the chronological order of Heroes he was 120th. At the same time, he was also awarded the second Gold Star medal No. 1 with a small II badge on the reverse side as twice a Hero. Accordingly, the second medal "Gold Star" No. 2 was awarded on November 18, 1939 to the commander of the 2nd rank Smushkevich Yakov Vladimirovich, and No. 3 was awarded on April 20, 1940 to the commander Denisov Sergey Prokofievich as twice Heroes. The third medal "Gold Star" No. 1 with a small badge III on the reverse side on September 9, 1944 was awarded to the Guards Colonel Alexander Ivanovich Pokryshkin, No. 2 was awarded on June 12, 1945 to Marshal of the Soviet Union Georgy Konstantinovich Zhukov, No. 3 was awarded on August 24, 1945 to Major Ivan Kozhedub Nikitovich as Heroes three times.

The fourth medal "Gold Star" No. 1 with a small IV badge on the reverse side with the Order of Lenin was awarded on December 1, 1956 to Marshal of the Soviet Union Georgy Konstantinovich Zhukov as four times Hero.

Honor and glory to the Heroes!

Eternal memory to the feats accomplished by the living and departed Heroes!

E.I. PARF NEW Colonel. Gatchina, Leningrad region.

The highest degree of distinction in the USSR - title "Hero of the Soviet Union" was established by the Decree of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR of April 16, 1934. The Decree of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR of July 29, 1936 approved the Regulations on the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, and the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of August 1, 1939 established the Gold Star medal.

By a decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of May 14, 1973, the Regulations on the title of Hero of the Soviet Union in a new edition were approved.

The title of Hero of the Soviet Union was the highest degree of distinction and was awarded by the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR for personal or collective services to the state associated with the accomplishment of a heroic deed.

The Hero of the Soviet Union was awarded: the highest award of the USSR - the Order of Lenin; badge of special distinction - the medal "Gold Star"; Diploma of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR.

A Hero of the Soviet Union who accomplished a heroic feat for the second time, no less than the one for which others who accomplished a similar feat are awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, was awarded the Order of Lenin and the second Gold Star medal, and in commemoration of his exploits a bronze bust of the Hero was erected with the appropriate inscription , installed in his homeland, which was recorded in the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on the award.

The Hero of the Soviet Union, who was awarded two Gold Star medals, could be again awarded the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal for new heroic deeds similar to those previously accomplished.

In the event that the Hero of the Soviet Union was awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor, then, in commemoration of his heroic and labor deeds, a bronze bust of the Hero with a corresponding inscription was erected, installed in his homeland, which was recorded in the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on conferring the title of Hero of Socialist Labor .

Heroes of the Soviet Union enjoy the benefits established by law ... "

TITLE "HERO OF RUSSIA"

LAW OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION On the establishment of the title of Hero of the Russian Federation and the establishment of a sign of special distinction - the Gold Star medal

The Supreme Council of the Russian Federation decides:

1. Establish the title of Hero of the Russian Federation for conferment for services to the state and people associated with the accomplishment of a heroic deed.

2. For the purpose of special distinction of citizens awarded the title of Hero of the Russian Federation, establish a sign of special distinction - the Gold Star medal.

3. Approve the Regulations on the title of Hero of the Russian Federation.

4. Approve the description of the medal "Gold Star".

President of the Russian Federation B. YELTSIN

POSITION

about the title of Hero of the Russian Federation

1. The title of Hero of the Russian Federation is awarded for services to the state and the people associated with the accomplishment of a heroic deed.

2. The title of Hero of the Russian Federation is awarded by the President of the Russian Federation.

3. The Hero of the Russian Federation is awarded: a sign of special distinction - the Gold Star medal; certificate of awarding the title of Hero of the Russian Federation.

4. Heroes of the Russian Federation enjoy the benefits established by law.

5. The Gold Star medal is worn on the left side of the chest above orders and medals.