southwestern part of the capital. southwest russia
Significant territorial resources have been identified in the west of the city. Partly these are territories free from development and planning restrictions, partly - territories freed up in the event of the removal of a number of objects (SIzo, UFSIN) from the eastern part of the Western industrial zone provided for by the general plan.
Building on these sites is supposed to be of two types: multi-storey (5-9 floors) and individual. Multi-storey building located on the street. Moscow and is a logical continuation of residential high-rise blocks in the area of st. Angarsky boulevard.
A feature of the planning of new high-rise residential areas is their large dissection in relation to the territories being built up at the present time. Boulevards are laid in inter-quarter gaps, connecting with urban green areas surrounding new development, which increases the level of living comfort in such areas.
Individual buildings are supposed to be located along the highway, which today is the southern bypass of M-54, in a free corridor between the Western industrial zone and the airport territory.
Territories in the southern part of the city
In the south of the city, the master plan proposes the use of territorial reserves in the area of the village. Satellite. Here it is possible to develop residential areas only in a southerly direction, in areas free from planning restrictions. In this area, an individual type building with large land plots is planned.
Territories in the central part of the city
One of the priority areas for the placement of new residential development is the reconstruction of the central part of the city. Here, in the zone of existing development, selective reconstruction of a low-value fund, represented mainly by dilapidated individual housing, is envisaged.
First of all, it is necessary to pay attention to the quarters adjacent directly to the center zone, which form the architectural appearance of the city. Coastal areas are also very valuable in terms of urban planning.
Buildings in the central part of the city are planned for all types, with a greater share of low-rise (3-4 floors), which is most typical for the existing urban environment of the center.
Territories in the western part of the city
A significant part of the population currently lives in a holiday village on the left bank near the western border of the urban district. The master plan provides for the transfer of these territories into housing. This will provide the population living there with the necessary social services and utilities.
Table 7.1
Indicators of new housing construction
(right and left bank)
| Type of development | right bank | Left Coast | ||||
| ha | thousand m 2 | thousand inhabitants | ha | thousand m 2 | thousand inhabitants | |
| Multi-storey and mid-rise | 130-140 | 27-29 | 160-170 | 35-37 | ||
| Manor | 30-35 | |||||
| TOTAL | 200-210 | 30-32 | 990-1000 | 68-70 | ||
| Reserves, thousand ha | 0,1 | 0,5 |
The garage problem
The problem of placing garages for storing personal vehicles in residential areas deserves special attention. At the moment, they are grouped into large garages and occupy large areas, alienated, in fact, from residential neighborhoods. Such proximity negatively affects the level of comfort and safety of living near such territories, and the fabric of residential development is torn.
In addition, this method of storage has proven to be inefficient, since garages are located at a considerable distance from the place of residence of their owners. In fact, they are not used and are duplicated by temporary parking spaces in residential yards and on intra-quarter driveways.
The master plan proposes the placement of multi-level guarded parking complexes in new residential areas, evenly distributed throughout the development area and located within a 5-10 minute walk from residential buildings. Such a compact placement of garages will allow more rational use of urban land and increase the safety of living in residential areas.
In existing areas, a policy should be pursued for a systematic transition to the same system of parking garages. However, since it is rather difficult to identify sites for new construction in built-up areas, this task remains in the future and requires careful long-term joint work between the city and private investors.
industrial zones
Three main industrial zones have formed in the city:
· Western industrial zone (contains the main production potential of the city; enterprises of the construction industry, food industry, etc.) are located here;
· The central industrial zone (does not contain hazardous industries; mainly enterprises of the woodworking and furniture industries, as well as utility and storage facilities are located here);
· Eastern industrial area (represented by the Kyzyl CHPP and Rybzavod);
There are enterprises that did not fall into the structure of industrial complexes, but are located piece by piece among residential buildings, complicating living conditions in residential formations adjacent to them. A counter trend is also observed - in the formed industrial zones there are often inclusions of individual housing.
The industrial zones that have developed in the city basically retain their location, however, they need reconstructive measures, the list of which cannot be established within the framework of the general plan of the city due to the lack of the necessary amount of information and the specifics of analytical work.
However, from the standpoint of citywide interests, some planning decisions can be formulated:
1) It looks expedient to place new residential buildings by reducing inefficiently used vast industrial areas. In particular, the project proposes to reduce the territories of the western industrial zone from the side of the center due to the removal of the Federal Penitentiary Service and the SIZO and the placement of a residential area on these territories.
2) It is necessary to remove a number of industrial facilities from the central part of the city, where the relative urban development value of the territory is beyond doubt. First of all, we are talking about such objects as the Asphalt Concrete Plant, the Tannery and Rolling Plant, the Brick Plant, etc. (the full list of objects to be removed is presented in the table below).
The relocation of industrial and communal facilities is supposed to be carried out, first of all, by compacting the territories of existing industrial zones. Also, for the transfer of facilities and the placement of new enterprises, territorial reserves are provided: in the western part of the city - in the development of the western industrial zone and in the southern part - in the development of the central industrial zone.
Table 7.2
List of objects to be rebased (repurposed)
| Name of the enterprise (object) | Event | Suggested future location | |
| For health and environmental reasons | |||
| asphalt concrete plant | relocation | In the area of the Western industrial zone | |
| ZHBI "Zhilstroy" | relocation | ||
| Brick factory LLC "Zhile" | relocation | In the area of the Western industrial zone | |
| ATP GAAO No. 2 | reprofiling for public and business functions | ||
| Production base LLC "Sibtekhmontazh" | relocation | ||
| Tannery-pimokatny factory | relocation | ||
| auto repair shop | relocation | ||
| Cemetery | closure with the organization of a memorial walking park | ||
| Settling tanks in the alignment of the street. 7th Line south | |||
| Warehouses of mineral fertilizers "Agrokhim" (over 500 tons) | closure with disinfection and reclamation of the territory - for housing functions | ||
| Garages on the street. Northern | relocation - under the landscaped areas of common use | ||
| For planning reasons | |||
| "Tyvakhleboprodukt" | liquidation - under general-admin. functions | ||
| Market (central) | |||
| Small wholesale and agricultural markets | relocation - for residential development and public green areas | In the southern part of the city on the street. Bay-Khaakskaya | |
| car market | In the southern part of the city on the street. Bay-Khaakskaya | ||
| SIZO in the central part of the city | relocation - for residential development | In the area of the Western industrial zone |
Table 7.2 continued
| SIZO in the western part of the city | relocation - for residential development | In the area of the Western industrial zone | |
| UFSIN | relocation - for residential development | In the area of the Western industrial zone | |
| Colony No. 1 | relocation - under the construction of the city center | In the area of the Western industrial zone | |
| Sui-Belek LLC | relocation - for residential development | In the area of the Western industrial zone next to the garment factory | |
| Garages on the street. Proletarian - Ka-Khem | relocation - under total. landscaped. territ. | ||
| Garages on the street. Nameless | relocation - for residential development | ||
| Garages in the alignment lane. Seserlig (to the west) | relocation - for residential development | ||
| PMK-5 | relocation - for residential development | ||
| LLC UK "Zhilservis" on the street. Mountain | relocation - for residential development | ||
| MUP city improvement | relocation - for residential development | ||
| NPK NPK (production of plastic windows) | relocation - under public green areas | Near the Central Industrial Zone |
3) The project proposes a gradual exclusion of individual residential development, located at the moment within the boundaries of the territories of the formed industrial zones. In the western industrial zone, about 19 hectares of residential development are proposed for vyhosing, in the central industrial zone - about 11 hectares.
4) The project proposes the placement of new and reconstruction of a number of existing production facilities. The placement of new facilities is planned due to the compaction of the territories of industrial zones, as well as in the territories vacated in the process of expunging the housing stock located in industrial areas. The list of new and reconstructed facilities is presented in the table below.
Table 7.3
List of new and reconstructed production facilities
Continuation of table 7.3
| State Unitary Enterprise "Children's Nutrition" | In the area of the Western industrial zone | |
| Mini-factory for the processing of milk and meat | Near the Central Industrial Zone | |
| Chips manufacturing plant | Near the Central Industrial Zone | |
| Mineral water bottling company | Near the Central Industrial Zone | |
| Ceramic brick factory | In the area of the Western industrial zone | |
| Plant of foam-glass-crystalline porous aggregate | In the area of the Western industrial zone | |
| Workshop for the production of structures and parts of reinforced concrete products | In the area of the Western industrial zone | |
| Modular brick factory | In the area of the Western industrial zone | |
| Shop of large-panel housing construction (DSK) | In the area of the Western industrial zone | |
| Waste processing enterprise | In the southeastern part of the city, next to the solid waste dump | |
| Reconstructed production facilities | ||
| State Unitary Enterprise "Kyzyl Sewing Factory" | Near the Central Industrial Zone | |
| JSC "Sayan carpets" | Near the Central Industrial Zone | |
| fish factory | In the area of the Eastern industrial zone |
5) As part of the project for the implementation of the master plan, after its approval, the issues of locating the production function in the city of Kyzyl should be worked out in detail. To this end, it is necessary to do the following analytical work for each production facility:
draw up a passport of the enterprise with a justification of the composition of buildings and structures and indicators of the use of the territory;
· on the basis of the project of the sanitary protection zone and data on the amount of housing stock falling within the sanitary protection zone of the enterprise, make an informed decision on its removal, re-profiling, reconstruction or on the withdrawal of the housing stock outside its sanitary protection zone;
· to study the issues of expediency of functioning of the existing railway sidings, based on the volume of cargo turnover of the enterprise.
Recreational areas
The recreational zones include the entire set of landscaped urban areas of general use, limited use, urban and forest fund forests, as well as open floodplain areas of the Yenisei River, which are located on urban lands.
The master plan proposes the following measures to improve the recreational structure of the city:
preservation of the system of existing green areas,
creation of a system of boulevards and squares in the planning structure of new residential formations,
creation and improvement of landscaped embankments on both banks of the Yenisei River,
creation of the second city park in the right-bank part of the city,
· landscaping and organization of a recreation area in the floodplain of the Tonmas-Sug stream.
· Creation of places of summer recreation (beaches, places for swimming) within the boundaries of the city district.
Replenishment of the shortage of recreational areas, both built-up and newly built-up areas, is achieved by involving floodplain territories in the recreational function through their appropriate improvement.
In the course of the Yenisei River, near the city, there are picturesque islands that can be used as seasonal vacation spots. An additional factor for the development of recreation on the islands can be the development of a shipping company in Kyzyl.
8. Transport infrastructure
8.1. External transport
Transport and economic relations of the city of Kyzyl with the regions of Russia are carried out by air and road transport. River transport does not participate in the external economic relations of the Republic due to the lack of a ship lift that allows river vessels to pass through the dam of the Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP. There is no rail transport. The main role in the external transportation of the city of Kyzyl belongs to road transport.
Car roads
One of the main federal highways of the Siberian Federal District, the M-54 highway (Krasnoyarsk-Abakan-Kyzyl-state border), passes through the territory of the district. In addition to the section of the federal highway, the backbone transport network is formed by roads connecting the settlements of the Republic of Tyva.
The current traffic intensity on the main highways of the region is from 150 to 1000 vehicles per day. There are no problems with the passage of vehicles on the roads of the region.
The characteristics of roads on the approaches to the city of Kyzyl are presented in the table:
Table 8.1
Characteristics of roads within the boundaries of the Kyzyl kozhuun
Continuation of table 8.1
Proposals for the development of the road network on the approaches to the city of Kyzyl are associated with improving the quality of external roads in conjunction with the main city highways and project bypass roads.
Automobile transport
Intercity and suburban bus routes are organized along external roads, connecting the city of Kyzyl with the cities: Krasnoyarsk, Abakan, Shushenskoye, Ermakovskoye, Ak-Dovurak, Saryg-Sep, Erzin, Khandagaity, Teeli and others. The total length of intercity and suburban routes is 4,780 km. Intercity transportation is carried out by the Kyzyl Motor Transport Enterprise (MUP "KATP") and private carriers. The volume of traffic (by departure) by municipal transport in 2008 amounted to 40.6 thousand passengers. The share of private carriers accounts for more than 30% of intercity traffic - 17.4 thousand pas.
Characteristics of bus transport operation on suburban and intercity routes of MUP "KATP" for 2008 is given in the table.
Table 8.2
Characteristics of bus transport
MUP "KATP" for 2008
The presented table shows that the mobility of the population in intercity and suburban traffic is low (less than one trip per inhabitant per year, taking into account trips by private car). The low mobility of the city's population in these types of movement is explained by:
Large distances between points of attraction;
High fare;
Low technical condition of the rolling stock (as a result, low speed).
For the planned period, the project proposes:
To provide the municipal enterprise MUP "KATP" with the latest rolling stock suitable for operation in difficult mountainous conditions;
Separate out-of-town transportation into a separate convoy;
Allow private carriers to enter the market of out-of-town passenger transportation with municipal control over the quality and safety of passenger transportation.
River transport
The use of river transport in the transportation of goods and passengers on the territory of the Republic of Tyva is limited to the waterway of the city of Kyzyl-s. Toora-Khem. This waterway is used to deliver technical cargo, fuel and food to settlements where there are no other modes of transport.
The waterway from Kyzyl to the site of the Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP along the reservoir is not used, since the HPP dam is not equipped with a ship-lifting device. Previously, it was planned to create a deep-sea route connecting Tyva with areas in the upper reaches of the river. Yenisei, including with the railway junction of the city of Abakan. The length of the waterway from Kyzyl to Abakan is 594 km. The construction of a ship lift in the alignment of the Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP was supposed to ensure the use of river transport for external transportation of the republic. The analysis shows that the delivery of goods by river transport to Kyzyl and Shakhnar, followed by reloading onto vehicles and delivery to regional centers in the west and north of the republic, is more efficient than by road. The plans were not implemented.
Currently, passenger and cargo transportation by water transport of the republic is carried out by CJSC Tuva Shipping Company (CJSC TSC). Over the past four years, the participation of water transport in the transportation of goods and passengers has been reduced to almost zero.
In 2007, the volume of passenger transportation by water transport amounted to 1,695 people (3.8 times lower than in 2004). The volume of freight traffic in 2007 is 900 tons (1.5 times lower than in 2004).
CJSC "TSK" owns a full range of necessary industrial buildings and areas, including a cargo berth, a landing stage and a repair and settling point. On the balance sheet of CJSC "TSK" - 6 motor ships (1 - passenger and 5 towing), 3 tugboats, 9 barges (not self-propelled), 1 tug.
Navigation period on the river. The Yenisei lasts from May to September, an average of 149 days. For navigation, you can transport more than 7,000 passengers and more than 1,500 tons of cargo.
The project provides for the preservation of all devices and structures in the city (CJSC "TSK"), and their further development, taking into account new trends in the development of river transport, namely river tourism.
In connection with the restoration work currently being carried out at the Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP, it would be advisable to return to the issue of building a ship-lifting device to create a deep-sea route connecting Tyva with areas located in the upper reaches of the river. Yenisei.
Air Transport
The city's need for air transportation is provided by the airlines of the Federal State Unitary Enterprise "Tuvaavia" and the State Unitary Enterprise of the Republic of Tatarstan "Airport Kyzyl".
The airport is located within the boundaries of the city of Kyzyl. The sanitary gap along the standard routes for takeoff and landing of aircraft in the contours of the equal maximum standardized sound level during takeoff and landing, day and night, limits the territorial development of the city.
The airfield of the airport has an artificial runway with a concrete surface - 2700x45 m. The capacity of the airport terminal is 250 people / hour. Currently, the terminal is being reconstructed taking into account international traffic.
GUPRT "Airport Kyzyl" carries out cargo and passenger transportation by Yak-40 (9 units), An-2 (10 units), Mi-8 helicopters (3 units). The Republic of Tyva owns the Yak-42D aircraft.
Flights are made with an intensity of 3-4 departures per week. The annual volume of passenger traffic in 2008 amounted to 18.1 thousand people. (1.7 times lower than in 2000), the volume of freight traffic amounted to 103 tons (1.5 times lower than in 2000).
In accordance with the FTP "Modernization of the transport system of Russia 2010-2015", the subprogram "Civil Aviation" provides funds for the modernization of the Kyzyl airport complex, which will make it possible to:
Reconstruction of the runway and air terminal complex;
Expand the geography of flights to socially significant destinations (Moscow, Krasnoyarsk, Novosibirsk);
Expand the geography of flights within the republic;
To receive and refuel transit aircraft flying in the direction of East and Southeast Asia.
Railway transport
Currently, there is no rail transport in the Republic of Tuva. However, in connection with the development of the Elegest coal deposit, it becomes possible to include the republic in the all-Russian railway transport system.
The master plan takes into account the development of CJSC Yenisei Industrial Company for the development of the Elegestskoye coal deposit in the Republic of Tyva. The development project provides for the construction of a railway line to the city of Kyzyl-g. Kuragino with a length of 460 km, with the construction of an access road to the city of Kyzyl with a length of 38.0 km. The railway will run along the northern border of the western part of the city of Kyzyl. The Kyzyl-Passazhirskaya station is planned to be located on the right bank near the new automobile bridge across the river. Upper Yenisei, a reserve is also provided for the placement of the Kyzyl-Gruzovaya railway station.
8.2. Backbone network and urban transport
City streets and roads
Current state
The main street and road network of the city of Kyzyl has a clear rectangular system and is represented by highways of citywide, district, local significance, city streets, driveways and freight roads. The characteristics of the street and road network of the city are given in the table.
Table 8.3
Characteristics of the road network of the city
Note: * in the denominator with improved coverage
From the presented table it follows that the total length of the road network in the city as a whole is quite high, however, roads with improved coverage are only 45.2%.
The main grid of the road network is made up of city streets, their characteristics are given in the table.
Table 8.4
Characteristics of the main streets of the city
| Street name | Streets and roads parameters | ||||
| Length (km) | Roadway (m) | Protective green (m) | Pavement (m) | ||
| st. Abakanskaya | 1,7 | - | - | ||
| st. Bay-Khaakskaya | 1,6 | - | - | ||
| st. Bukhtueva | 0,7 | - | 3,5 | ||
| st. Friendship | 5,4 | 2x4.5 | 2x2.25 | ||
| st. Kalinina | 6,7 | 13.5 | 1x40 | 1x3.6 | |
| st. Kechil-oola | 2,1 | 2x3 | 2x2 | ||
| st. Kolkhoznaya | 3,3 | - | - | ||
| st. Kochetova | 3,5 | 2x3 | 2x3 | ||
| st. Lenin | 2,5 | 2x3 | 2x6 | ||
| st. Trunk | |||||
| st. Rivne. | 2,9 | 2x2 | 2x2 | ||
| st. Salchak Tok | 1,7 | 2x3 | 2x2 | ||
| st. mechanization | 0,4 | - | - | ||
| st. Moscow | 2,2 | 4,5 | 2x3 | ||
| st. Lopsanchapa | 1,38 | 2x2 | 2x3.5 | ||
| st. Oyuna Kursedi | 3,6 | - | - | ||
| st. Shchetinkin-Kravchenko. | 1,9 | 2x3 |
The main frame of the transport infrastructure of the city is made up of two longitudinal highways of citywide significance: st. Kochetova-st. Friendship and st. Kalinina-st. Main, and three transverse st. Bay-Khaakskaya-st. Chuldum, st.-Salchak Toka-st. Moscow, st. Kaa-Khem. Longitudinal highways provide transport links to all districts of the city, located on the left bank of the river. Yenisei among themselves, including the central part of the city and the industrial and communal zone.
Cross highways connect the districts of the city located on the left and right banks of the river along the existing bridge crossing over the river. Upper Yenisei.
The main disadvantages of the main street and road network of the city are as follows:
Low density paved roads;
Freight transport passes through almost all the main streets of the city, including through the center, which creates inconvenience for public transport and adversely affects the environment;
Limited capacity for the capacity of the existing bridge over the river. Upper Yenisei (carriageway - 7 m), hinders the territorial development of the right-bank part of the city.
Design decision
Design solutions for the further development of the road network and urban transport are aimed at improving the proposals for the master plan of the city of Kyzyl, developed by the Giprogor Institute in Moscow in 1991.
The planning structure of the prospective main street and road network is aimed at solving the following main tasks:
Passage of freight transport through the streets, bypassing residential and central areas of the city;
Creation of new transport links, decisive transport services for the right-bank and left-bank parts of the city;
Increase in paved roads.
The main role in the construction of the road network and its classification was played by the expected motorization of the city's population and the settlement structure.
The classification of the road network was adopted in accordance with SNiP 2.07.01-89* and is shown in the Transport Infrastructure Development Scheme. Main streets of citywide significance, serve transport links between residential, industrial areas and the city center, and have access to external roads:
For longitudinal highways, access to Shagonar, Erzin, Saryg-Sep;
For transverse highways, access to Abakan, Cherbi, Bei-Khaak.
All external highways are interconnected by city bypass roads, through which traffic flows are redistributed along the city's road network.
Table 8.5
Design balance of the main street and road network
The existing bridge crossing over the river. The Yenisei, along the federal highway M-54, has a limited capacity and hinders the territorial development of the city on the right bank of the river.
This project provides for mass housing construction in the right-bank part of the city. The expected traffic flow, at rush hour, in the direction of the left bank and back will be about 3.5-4.0 thousand cars, which will require from 7 to 8 traffic lanes.
In connection with this project, it is proposed, first of all, to reconstruct the existing bridge with the replacement of the superstructure and the simultaneous expansion of the carriageway from 7.0 to 15 m.
A special commission must assess the condition of the bridge supports and give its opinion, according to which the option of widening the carriageway will be chosen. There may be two:
If the supports are in good condition, the dimension of the span is replaced by 15 m,
In case of poor condition of the supports, a bridge with a size of 11 m is being built nearby.
To organize a pedestrian connection between the right and left banks of the river. Yenisei, a pedestrian bridge is provided in the alignment of the street. Chuldum (G-7 m).
In order to bypass the city from the eastern side and take part of the traffic flow, the project proposes the construction of a bypass road with the construction of bridges across the Small and Upper Yenisei (G-1x7.5 + 2x1.5) x 2 (see the Transport Infrastructure Development Scheme).
The "Transport Infrastructure Development Scheme" shows the existing cross profiles of the main streets of the city. For the planned period, it is recommended to keep the existing cross profiles of the streets: st. Lenina, st. Red Partizans, st. Friendship, st. Chuldum, st. Salchak Tok, st. Moscow, st. Kochetova, st. Shchetinkin-Kravchenko.
For highways of citywide significance recommended for construction, a dimension of 26-31 m is proposed, for district highways - 26-29 m, for residential streets - 16-19 m.
A network of industrial streets and freight roads is provided for servicing industrial and municipal warehouse territories. It includes the streets of the industrial zone, exits from which are oriented to the bypass road. Drives along separately located communal areas, as a rule, go to the network of citywide highways, bypassing residential areas. Bypass city roads serve to redistribute the flow of freight transport.
By the planned date, it is proposed to build at least 57.5 km of main roads, including a bypass road.
In the past, there were many ravines, hollows and gullies on the territory of the district, almost closing in their upper reaches. Their emergence was favored by high altitude and easily eroded soils. The area in the north of the district, near the deep valley of the Moskva River, was especially relief. The depth of the ravines here reached more than 30 meters. Now most of them are covered and built up. But, basically, the landscape has been preserved here the way our ancestors saw it many hundreds of years ago. Unless there were fewer forests, and small rivers disappeared from the face of the earth, of which there were a great many. Well, of course, new microdistricts appeared here, built up over a period of one or two decades on the site of wretched village houses. Despite all this, the South-West, blown by winds and surrounded by forest parks, is considered one of the cleanest districts of the capital.
Settlement
Many thousands of years ago, these places were completely occupied by forests. After climate warming, these forests began to be populated by farmers, gradually becoming accustomed to arable land and settlements. In selected areas in the forest, trees were cut down, allowed to dry in place, and then burned. The fire freed the site from vegetation and cultivated the land; besides, the ash was a good fertilizer. The natural fertility of the soil did not matter.
Such a site was enough for two or three years, then the land was depleted, and it was abandoned. As a result, there are almost no primary forests left in the Moscow region, as well as scorched lands suitable for arable farming. Therefore, about two thousand years ago, more fertile soils began to be ploughed. Selected areas were carefully cleared of the forest. First they burned, and then uprooted the stumps. And this is very hard work. Therefore, such lands were valued and used for a long time. The plots were small and located on the inclined surfaces of the slopes of the river valleys. The places were not chosen by chance: in spring such soils quickly dry out, warm up, and before the "cold" lowland lands are ready for sowing. The difference in terms of "ripening" between such "cold" and "warm" soils of the Teplostan Upland is up to three to four weeks. This is very important for the harsh conditions of the Moscow region, because the solar heat here is barely enough to ripen the crop. And sharp temperature changes, especially severe winter frosts, are not as pronounced here as in the rest of the lower part of the capital: it is warmer here, cold air masses do not stagnate and the territory is well ventilated. At the same time, in dry years, such arable lands retained a sufficient amount of moisture.
The Slavs who came here about two thousand years ago, who were mainly farmers, singled out these lands as the most fertile compared to the coniferous forests on the left bank of the Moscow River. They brought with them new, more advanced tools. Instead of bulls, the new owners of these lands use horses as a draft force. Among cultivated plants, winter rye appears. For the first time, a three-field area is being developed here (one field under spring crops, the second under winter crops, the third under fallow - free). The most fertile lands are chosen for arable land - all this frees the peasants from "attachment" to the river valleys and allows them to develop the interfluves, which form the basis of the territories of the South-Western District.
Intensive uprooting of forests has led to the fact that in the upper parts of the slopes the soil began to be washed away, and in the lower parts and at the foot of the slopes - to be washed out. It is possible that even then the ravines began to grow actively. Although in the X-XII centuries, most of the territory of the district was under the forest. During the period of rapid population growth in the immediate vicinity of Moscow, the forest gradually begins to lose ground. And only by the 17th century, plowed and settled lands began to absolutely prevail in the territory of the South-West.
forest parks
Despite such a rapid destruction of forests and the use of land for arable land, this area can rightfully be called the greenest in Moscow. Our district is bordered by a whole necklace of parks. Bitsevsky from the northeast, Yasenevsky and Olympic parks from the south, smoothly flowing into Teplostansky and Troparevsky from the southwest, relatively small Vorontsovsky and Park of the 50th Anniversary of October from the west and even from the north, from the center, there are the forest complex of Sparrow Hills and Boring Garden.
The largest and most famous among them is, of course, the Bitsevsky Forest Park - a natural monument of urban significance, because of which the South-West is called the "lungs of the capital". The territory of the park is characterized by the greatest antiquity of the relief and is therefore a specially protected natural area.
The Olympic and Yasenevsky parks, located to the south, are part of the Bitsevsky Forest natural park, and together they make up the second largest natural area in Moscow after Losiny Ostrov.
There are several natural monuments on the territory of the Olympic Park: The Chertanovka River, flowing along the bottom of a deep ravine, and the Dubinskaya River, whose valley is one of the least disturbed river valleys in Moscow, originate here. There are springs with good drinking water. Here is the Uzkoye estate, one of the few almost completely preserved not only in the district, but throughout Moscow.
In the depths of the park there is the largest upland meadow in the capital - Lysaya Gora, where some species of rare herbaceous plants grow. And only in this corner of the capital, real aspen forests aged 55 - 60 years old have been preserved. On the territory of the park there is a large equestrian sports complex and a cynological center, the Paleontological Museum.
Yasenevsky forest park is located a little to the south, in deeply cut valleys of the rivers Bitsa and partly Gorodnya. Two of the best-preserved estates of the South-West are located here: Yasenevo - the oldest estate of the district - and the estate of the Trubetskoy Znamensky Sadki - called the "literary nest". And the valley itself of the small river Bitsa (Abitsa, as it is called on old maps), a tributary of the Pakhra, is a natural monument.
It is here that the only spruce forest in Moscow, preserved since 1904, is located. For comparison, the average age of the trees in this and other parks in the south of Moscow is "only" 60 years. The most respected of the Yasenevsky trees are represented by hundred-year-old tall and eighty-three-year-old coppice low-stemmed oaks. And in the vicinity of the Znamenskoye-Sadki estate, a real "combat" pine forest grows. Not far from the Yasenevo estate there is a spring with the purest drinking water, which is very popular with the residents of Yasenevo and neighboring Chertanov. Here, as well as throughout the district, ancient burial mounds have been preserved.
A walk along the Gorodnya River with its steep slopes abounding in rare plants, including medicinal, ornamental, fodder, honey plants, can be no less interesting.
No less famous in Moscow is the name Troparevsky Park. Although here it is necessary to clarify the following. In the old fashioned way, Troparevsky is usually called the landscape reserve "Teply Stan" (this is its official name), on the territory of which there is a recreation area "Troparevo". Indeed, earlier this entire forest was called Troparevsky, as it belonged to the village of Troparev. Now what is called the Troparevsky Forest Park is located a little to the west, along the Moscow Ring Road, between the Vostryakovsky cemetery, Ozernaya Street and Leninsky Prospekt. In the northeast, the forest park turns into a park founded in 1961 on the site of the gardens of the Novodevichy Monastery, which owned the village of Troparevo. Through the forest and the park, along a deeply cut valley, where there is a spring, a small river flows, flowing into the river. Ochakovka.
Now the Teplostan forest park is a territory located to the east of Troparevsky, between the 9th microdistrict (Bakulev St.), and the rest of Teply Stan. On the southwestern outskirts of the Teplostan forest park, almost at the very station of the Tyoply Stan metro station, there is the source of the Ochakovka river, which crosses the park, receiving several tributaries flowing along numerous deeply cut beams. A large pond has been created on the river, on the banks of which the Troparevo recreation area has been created. In the northeastern part of the forest park, meadows have been preserved in large spaces. Here, on the very outskirts of the forest, not far from the old Kaluga road, there is a spring, according to legend, consecrated by Sergius of Radonezh himself. A chapel was built over the spring, which is now depicted on the emblem of Teply Stan. On hot days, and not only, residents of neighboring microdistricts line up with holy spring water.
Modernity
Of course, there is not much left of the former dense forests. However, much has been saved. After all, until the beginning of mass development of these lands in the 1950s and 1960s, there was practically no industrial growth here; the only one - Paveletskaya - railway passed here. And therefore, the surrounding places retained a rural way of life even decades after the October Revolution.
The first urban residential buildings on the territory of the then Leninsky district of the Moscow region appeared already in the late 1940s. It was to this time that the beginning of the development of the southwestern territories located along the Kaluga road dates back. Two-story houses, usual for the city outskirts, were built. Some of them are still preserved near the Akademicheskaya metro station, on Profsoyuznaya, Dmitry Ulyanov and some other streets. Thus, Moscow stepped over its borders and began to settle in the South-Western lands, while still located in the inconveniences, next to the villages. Already retroactively, after the start of construction, this small area was officially included in the Oktyabrsky district of the capital. Starting from 1950, taller houses began to be built in the area of the modern metro stations "Akademicheskaya" and "Profsoyuznaya".
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Books
- Edward Bagritsky. Poems and Poems, Eduard Bagritsky. The book of Eduard Bagritsky "Poems and Poems" includes three main collections of the poet's works, which appeared during his lifetime and, together with the libretto of the opera "Duma about Opanas", included by him in ...
- Obsidian Butterfly, Laurel Hamilton. This is the adventures of Anita Blake. Adventures of a desperate huntress for the "people of Darkness" - vampires, werewolves, zombies and black magicians. Hunters of "night hunters" who violated the law. Hunters for...
The Southwestern Administrative District is an example of a successful combination of a number of favorable conditions that make it a desirable place to live for many potential and real Muscovites. All sorts of ratings unconditionally give SWAD the third place among the most prestigious districts. And real estate prices in the district have long and consistently been the highest (naturally, after the "capital of Moscow" - the Central District).
SWAD occupies a little more than 10% of the area of Moscow (not taking into account the new brainchild of the authorities - the Moscow expansion project). According to the 2010 Census, 1.36 million people live in the district, but in reality - many more than 1.5 million. The district originates on Gagarin Square, recognizable by many by the famous monument dedicated to the flight of the first man into space. A huge titanium monument to Y. Gagarin meets everyone traveling to the center of Moscow along Leninsky Prospekt. At the same place back in 1961, an excited crowd of Gagarin himself, who returned from space with a victory for the whole country, met. True, not everyone can accurately identify the first cosmonaut of the planet in the titanium giant, therefore, in youth circles, far from history and close to Hollywood, the monument is nicknamed "transformer".
From Gagarin Square, the district stretches south along Leninsky Prospekt, Profsoyuznaya Street and Sevastopolsky Prospekt, going far beyond the Moscow Ring Road into the Northern and Southern Butovo districts. In total, there are 12 districts in the district, which occupy an area of 112 square meters. km. Despite the very high population density (12 thousand people per sq. km), traffic jams are not a headache for residents, thanks to a well-designed road network. First, there are more roads than in other districts. Secondly, they are located parallel-perpendicular to each other, which makes it possible to "flash" the territory of residential areas with a dense web of roads.
This is just one of the know-how of the Southwestern District. Add to this a successful wind rose, thanks to which the district regularly receives an influx of fresh air from the Moscow region. As well as the lack of industrial production, excellent infrastructure, an increased cultural level of the population, a good supply of metro stations. And you will get an almost heavenly place, in terms of the harsh conditions of a modern metropolis. Therefore, the desire of many wealthy and not very citizens to settle in the SWAD is understandable.
The Southwestern District is the most “scientific” in the capital: it houses the Russian Academy of Sciences, more than 160 research institutes, half of which are institutes of the Russian Academy of Sciences, and 8 well-known metropolitan universities (and their total number is 58). Thus, the average IQ of the residents of the district significantly exceeds the average Moscow indicators. This affects, first of all, the general culture of the population and the relative cleanliness of courtyards, many of which are simply exemplary.
The architectural appearance of the district deserves special attention. Let's start with the fact that SWAD is one of the five districts of Moscow, where elite residential complexes and club houses of the DeLuxe level are located. In addition to premium housing, the area is full of more "simple" options for those who love to live beautifully. For example, the highest residential complex of the South-West Administrative District "Well House" with a swimming pool, a fitness center, a bank branch and a helipad.
Speaking about ordinary citizens… The most remote area of South Butovo, which can be called an exemplary dormitory area of the 21st century, is being built up at an active pace. It combines a wide range of housing from economy to business class, excellent environment, excellent infrastructure and the absence of transport problems. And on the territory of the already formed districts of the district, enough houses are also appearing, but mainly by the method of infill development. And, despite the large number of Khrushchevs, many of which are being demolished, modern housing mainly prevails, so the district as a whole has an attractive urban look.
Since July 2012, the southern border of the district is no longer the outskirts of the capital: according to the Moscow expansion plan, two new districts have appeared in the southwest beyond the Moscow Ring Road. In particular, in the south of the SWAD, it now borders on the Novomoskovsky administrative district, which until recently was a suburb. As a result of this yet another large-scale experiment, many residents of the Moscow Region woke up one morning as Muscovites. No one knows what consequences await the Southwestern District and the entire capital, even if we assume that the reformers had good intentions (which many doubt). But people, trained more than once by the authorities to survive, habitually prepare for the worst scenario. For example, one of the fears is the planned transformation of Leninsky Prospekt into a high-speed highway, which will greatly affect the ecology of the district, and residential areas adjacent to the highway will gradually begin to turn into slums.
Ecology of the county
Given the rapidly growing interest of the population in the ecology of their habitats, the favorable environmental situation of the Southwestern District is its main trump card. The reason for this is several factors.
- Forest areas. There are quite large natural and artificial green spaces on the territory of the SWAO. Together they occupy an area of more than 30 square meters. km, which is one third of its entire territory. Among them are the Bitsevsky forest park, the second largest in Moscow, the eastern part of the Troparevsky nature reserve, Vorontsovsky park, Butovsky forest and others. Let's not forget about the landscaping of courtyards, many of whose houses are almost buried in foliage. The Southwestern District is called the "green lungs" of Moscow for this. True, this is mainly the opinion of the locals themselves.
- Climate and terrain. In terms of geography, the district occupies the most advantageous position. During the year, southwestern winds prevail in Moscow, which means constant clean air from the forest park zone. The entire district is located on a hill, and in the metro area Teply Stan is generally the highest point in Moscow. Due to this, the atmosphere of the district is regularly “blown through”, self-purification occurs. Indeed, in terms of the percentage of dust in the air, the district is the cleanest in the capital. Of course, it is far from the resort climate, but the content of the main harmful substances is within the permissible concentrations.
- Freedom from industry. There are practically no industrial enterprises on the territory of the district, so there is no one to spoil the atmosphere either. The main pollution threats come from CHP-20, the Butovo asphalt plant, and the Cheryomushki confectionery plant. And the numerous research and production associations located in the district do not particularly smoke the air.
Motor transport has a key negative impact on the ecology of the district. Risk zones are residential areas located in close proximity to the main lines of the district: Leninsky, Sevastopolsky, Nakhimovsky avenues, Profsoyuznaya street, Vernadsky avenue, where the permissible concentrations of harmful substances are exceeded. However, the harmful effect of emissions is practically absent at a height of several tens of meters, therefore, apartments on the upper floors of skyscrapers (of which there are enough along the avenues) are considered the most preferable from an environmental point of view.
Districts located closer to the center (Gagarinsky, Akademichesky, Kotlovka) have a higher degree of pollution compared to remote ones. The areas of Yasenevo and Teply Stan are also experiencing increased acoustic load, as emergency landing routes of Vnukovo Airport pass over them.
County population
The social composition of the modern residents of the district began to take shape since the development of the southwestern suburbs of Moscow. Already in 1935, according to the General Plan of Moscow, the southwestern direction became a priority for the development of urban lands. Mainly research institutes and research and production complexes were built. The party decided to localize the entire scientific thought of the country in a single area. Even the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (today - RAS) was relocated from the Leningrad Kunstkamera to Leninsky Prospekt in Moscow, along with the scientific cream of the society of that time.
The main development of the territories of the future South-Western District was carried out in the Khrushchev-Brezhnev era. In the 1950-80s, the scientific vector of development of the territories was preserved, and apartments in new buildings were received mainly by employees of scientific institutions of various profiles. The first districts of the South-Western Administrative District - Gagarinsky and Akademichesky - were inhabited by the professorial elite of research institutes and universities, and in the young areas, the scientific intelligentsia mainly prevailed. All this had a positive effect on the moral and educational character of the inhabitants of the district, and in Moscow its contingent is considered very trustworthy.
However, there were some exceptions: the population of the Konkovo district slightly spoiled the general well-being of the district. The large Konkovo fair attracts groups of non-Slavic people who are known for deviant behavior to the area for permanent residence. As a result, the Konkovo district is more dangerous for living, which is confirmed by the leading indicators of street crime in the district. Also, an increased congestion of guests from the east is noted near the Teply Stan metro station: in the Prince Plaza shopping mall and from its back side, at the grocery market. Therefore, many residents of Teply Stan bypass not only the market, but also a modern shopping center.
According to the statistics of the registry office of the city of Moscow, the total number of the able-bodied population of the district is 60%, pensioners - 27%, which is within the framework of the all-Russian indicators. The birth rate slightly exceeds the death rate, and the most common names are Artem and Maria. It should be noted that living in the SWAO is very attractive for young families with children. First of all, a well-developed infrastructure: from playgrounds and towns to clinics, schools and recreational areas. As well as the “cleanliness” of the territories, favorable ecology and a relatively calm criminogenic situation. And if you manage to get an apartment somewhere in a quiet green area and not call your son Artem, then we can assume that life is a success.
Districts of the county
SWAO is a fairly mature, long-established district. It consists of 12 districts, of which only Northern and Southern Butovo are young. The county has a very high population density, especially in areas adjacent to the center. However, new residents are drawn into the county in an endless stream, crowding and high housing prices are not a hindrance. And demand creates supply, so the district, as it was half a century ago, remains today the main construction site in Moscow.
Gagarinsky district
The oldest district of the South-Western Administrative District and one of the most prestigious in Moscow. Housing prices are not inferior to the center of the capital, the average cost of 1 square. m of living space is 200 thousand rubles, so that even in typical panel houses "for demolition" you can not find a 1- or 2-room apartment cheaper than 6 million and 8 million rubles. respectively. And if we talk about apartments in brick houses with an improved layout, then the price tag grows almost 2 times. Thanks in part to the Gagarinsky and Lomonosovsky districts, as well as to luxury housing, the entire Southwestern District leads in real estate prices. The area is dominated by high-quality brick houses that have not caused any particular complaints for half a century. After all, in those years they built on the conscience, especially since individual quarters of the district were built on special order, and the fee for mistakes was too high. For example, on Kosygina Street (half of which belongs to the Gagarinsky District), almost the entire composition of the former Politburo of the CPSU Central Committee lived.
The new time continued the traditions of previous generations, and many high-ranking Kremlin officials once lived and continue to live in the Gagarinsky District: Alexei Kudrin, Gennady Seleznev, Anatoly Chubais. Here, in the 19-storey building on Academician Zelinsky Street, V.V. Putin, President of Russia. And although he no longer huddles in 175 sq.m of government housing, but spends his free time in one of his 18 residences, he still regularly goes to the elections at the Russian Academy of Sciences, at polling station No. 2079.
The district is characterized by the division into thematic zones, thanks to which residential areas are successfully separated from more than 40 research institutions headed by the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences. For example, the vast space bounded by Leninsky Prospekt, Vavilov, Gubkin and Academician Nesmeyanov streets is occupied exclusively by eggheads. Islands of science are located further along Leninsky Prospekt, as well as between Kosygin Street and Andreevskaya Embankment.
The area along Prospekt Vernadsky is a cult place for many Moscow parents, and along the way, a green outlet for Gagarinsky. Along it stretches the Park of the Children's Palace of Creativity with Sparrow Pond, a place of relaxation for the residents of the area. And in 11 buildings and more than 900 rooms of the monumental Moscow Palace of Children and Youth Creativity (formerly the Palace of Pioneers), there are countless sections, clubs and circles, engaging more than 18 thousand Moscow children.
Further along Prospekt Vernadsky is the huge dome of the Moscow State Circus (the largest in the world, with a capacity of 3,300 people) and the Children's Academic Musical Theatre. In general, all the conditions for the younger generation, which would never exchange their gaming computer for these dubious joys.
Transportation in the area is at a decent level. It is close to the center and there are many ways to get there. There are 3 metro stations in the area, at a distance of 3-4 stops from the center, Leninsky Prospekt and Vernadsky Prospekt lead to it, with a large number of adjacent streets that help to bypass Moscow traffic jams. And although traffic congestion, especially during peak hours, is one of the highest in Moscow in the region, many kilometers of traffic jams are formed only as a result of an accident.
Lomonosovsky district
Neighboring Gagarinsky district, which is full of luxury real estate. However, there are no parks, no lakes, no metro stations. Many of its residents frankly do not like their place of residence, complaining about the dirt in the yards and neglect, which makes the area unfavorably different from neighboring Gagarinsky and Cheryomushki. Many playgrounds in the courtyards are in a deplorable state, despite the disbursed money for their reconstruction. Instead of rubber coating - asphalt or a banal mess, on most sites, instead of the put plastic swing with chains, there are old iron "killer swings". And right next to most playgrounds are parking lots with smoky cars, helping children from an early age to get used to the polluted metropolitan atmosphere. At night, many courtyards of the district are dangerous, since there is practically no lighting, and informal youth gather at the sites.
Despite this, real estate prices in the Lomonosovsky district are inexplicably higher than the average for Moscow, and in terms of levels they correspond to the districts of the Central District, or the neighboring Gagarinsky district.
Obruchevskiy district
It borders on Lomonosovsky, but looks much more comfortable. Either the officials in the district council are more responsible, or the self-awareness of the residents is higher, but staying in the district leaves only positive emotions. Clean cozy yards, there are a lot of flowers not in Russian style, not touched by vandals, there are a lot of bright colors everywhere, even the stalls are painted in the same style. Housing here is relatively expensive, 1 sq. m of living space costs an average of 165 thousand rubles, so the "kopeck piece" will pull 7-8 million rubles. The district has a well-developed infrastructure, in addition to numerous schools and kindergartens, it has 4 large universities, including the famous Second Medical University and the Peoples' Friendship University of Peoples' Friendship University of Russia. And in the north of the district there is the Vorontsovo estate with the visiting card of the district - Vorontsovsky Park.
Districts Cheryomushki, Akademichesky, Kotlovka
These areas are united by the general idea of development, when in the 1950s experimental residential quarters began to appear within the boundaries of the modern Academic District, eventually expanding to the south. The experimental area was called Novye Cheryomushki, and the historical boundaries of Cheryomushki are much wider than the modern administrative ones. This is indirectly confirmed by the presence of the word "cheryomushki" in the names of streets and objects in the Akademichesky and Kotlovka districts: Novocheremushkinskaya, Bolshaya Cheryomushkinskaya streets, Cheryomushkinsky market, etc.
The main attribute of Cheryomushki are Khrushchev houses, the fruit of a crazy experiment of the state on living people. It was from here that the great and terrible Khrushchobs began to spread like mold throughout the country, causing the first signs of depressive psychosis in normal people. And in order to finally finish off the citizens, all the streets of the district in those days were called the same: Cheryomushkinsky, differing from each other only by serial numbers. And the name "Cheryomushki" became a household name: in many cities of that time, faceless residential areas, sung in I. Ryazanov's film "The Irony of Fate", were called so.
However, in the 1980s, next to the Novye Cheryomushki metro station, a residential area appeared in contrast, popularly called Tsarskoye Selo. And over time, it generally became the official name of this oasis surrounded by people's barracks. Here the “last of the Mohicans”, the nobility of the outgoing Brezhnev era, received housing: members of the Council of Ministers, the Central Committee of the CPSU, generals. Today, their descendants, as well as wealthy citizens of a more modest origin, live in the TsKovsky houses. Since in terms of layout and quality these houses are in no way inferior to modern elite housing, although they were built 30 years earlier.
Today, elite construction is being actively carried out in Cheryomushki. New residential complexes appear like mushrooms after rain, raising the average cost of living space in the area. In general, the prestige of Cheryomushki tends to grow. Firstly, the old panel Khrushchev barracks are systematically demolished, and modern business-class houses appear in their place. Secondly, the area is penetrated by the main highways - Profsoyuznaya Street, Sevastopolsky Prospekt, three metro stations of the Kaluzhsko-Rizhskaya line, which relieves traffic tension. Also, the infrastructure of the district meets the highest requirements and is able to provide a full-fledged educational and cultural life of the district. Renting a two-room Khrushchev apartment that does not require repair in this area will cost at least 35 thousand rubles, and it’s better not to talk about elite real estate.
A cozy and picturesque residential area, despite the fact that it ranks third in Moscow in terms of area and population. It's just that the architectural solution of the area turned out to be ingenious, successfully combining a lot of residential buildings and an infrastructure system. Once there, you somehow can’t believe that you are in Moscow: Yasenevo is surrounded by forests on all sides, and residential buildings are literally inscribed in the forest belt. Each inhabitant of the district has 20 sq. m of green space. And this is almost 4 times higher than the minimum city sanitary standards. On the eastern border of the district there is the Bitsevsky forest park, in the north-west - the forest park of the Uzkoye sanatorium, in the south - the Butovsky forest. There are absolutely no industrial enterprises in the area, and the residential area has so much free space that the effect of Russian open spaces is created.
The great advantage of Yasenevo is the planning of its microdistricts. Baltic architects were involved in the project, and everything was thought out to the smallest detail: semi-circular houses forming cozy large courtyards, each of which includes schools and kindergartens; wide avenues and sidewalks, long distances between houses, the completeness of the overall ensemble of the area and a well-thought-out convenient road network. Three metro stations, despite the sufficient distance from the center, completely solve the problem of “how to get to the city”. Negative emotions are caused in some residents only by constant winds walking through the expanses of Yasenevo. It is understandable: the district is located on the Teplostanskaya Upland, and in the area of the metro station Teply Stan there is even a memorial stone, symbolizing the highest mark of Moscow - 225 meters above sea level. But the air is cleaner, - say Yasenevsky patriots. Indeed, harmful emissions of exhaust gases are completely blown away from the territory of the region.
All houses in the area are mostly 9 and 16 floors, there are practically no new buildings. And this is understandable, because the area has an architecturally finished look. However, this has never been an obstacle for audacious developers of luxury housing. And many analysts are surprised that Yasenevo has not yet turned into a new Moscow construction site. For 25 thousand you can rent a one-room apartment, and for 30 thousand rubles. - a good two-room apartment. There are many offers, so Yasenevo retains a leading position in popularity among students and other guests of the capital and is called by many the most prosperous "sleeping room" in Moscow.
Konkovo
An area that falls out of the general positive characteristics of the South-Western District in several indicators at once.
1. In terms of ecology: the Vorontsovo industrial zone, popularly known as the Construction Site, is located on the territory of Konkovo. Now, of course, emissions from industrial enterprises have decreased significantly. Of greater interest are the objects of the industrial zone, among which there are many sensitive ones, with checkpoints, access systems, special vehicles and strange people in white coats seen on the territory of some protected areas. "Construction site" is a very muddy territory, evokes associations from the X-Files series and attracts increased attention with its mystery and inaccessibility. This is aggravated by the fact that since Soviet times there have been many unfinished objects left there, which is why the area got its name.
The command and headquarters of the Space Forces are also located here, along with space control and missile defense systems. And this publicly available information only lifts a small veil over the true scale of the projects going on behind the walls of secret facilities. And we only have to speculate about the degree of technogenicity of the institutions located there and their impact on the ecological situation.
2. According to the contingent: an increased content of the Caucasian peoples was recorded in the area, plus as many as two hostels full of Chinese. The reason for this is the Konkovo food and clothing fair, which is located near the metro station of the same name. Informal youth groups are another attraction of the area. The halo of their habitat is the area around metro stations. And, as a result of all of the above, there is an increased crime rate in Konkovo. Despite the lack of official statistics from the Moscow Main Internal Affairs Directorate for districts and districts, according to unofficial ratings, the district is among the ten most disadvantaged districts of Moscow. The main "horse" of Konkovo is street crime. Some of its residents are very pessimistic, predicting the future of the district as a new ghetto for migrants and criminalized groups. Such a picture, for example, is described in Oleg Divov's dystopian science fiction novel Nasty Weather in Konkovo.
Konkovo is also called a youth area, because of the large number of educational institutions (19 universities) and student hostels. According to rough estimates, more than 10 thousand people live in the dormitories of the district alone. Another common form in the Konkovo temporary housing market is the leasing of rooms in apartments. For 5-10 thousand rubles a month, you can find a decent option. And you can rent a 2-room apartment for 28-30 thousand per month. However, the concentration of students does not add to the attractiveness of the area, given the craving of modern youth for various adventures, and not only on their own heads. By the way, groups of skinheads regularly appear in the vicinity of the Konkovo metro station, which is considered the most gloomy and dangerous among the local population.
However, not everything is so sad, there are pluses in the area. For example, a lot of green recreation areas: Konkovskiye ponds with ennobled adjacent territory, the Troparevo state reserve, the Uzkoye estate. As well as a well-developed infrastructure, especially in terms of education, children's leisure and culture.
Teply Stan
A modern, comfortable residential area on the outskirts of Moscow, characterized by a well-developed infrastructure: almost all the benefits of civilization are within walking distance, in particular, a huge selection of various hypermarkets, fairs and shopping centers. The area is located at the highest point in Moscow, open to all winds, which for some is a blessing in terms of fresh air, while for others it causes certain inconveniences. But in the conditions of a metropolis, “sitting high” is still preferable than daily poisoning yourself with the products of the violent activity of a modern city.
The area is located between Profsoyuznaya Street and Leninsky Prospekt, and its southern border rests on the Moscow Ring Road. Local residents of the outskirts like to cynically repeat that they live “in the well ... Leninsky Prospekt”, but at the same time they are internally satisfied with this state of affairs. Indeed, none of those who have been there have the impression that they were in settlements. The area is dominated by multi-storey buildings, where you can buy a 2-room apartment for 6 million rubles. However, there are a lot of business-class houses in the area with prices much higher, in which the "stars" of show business like to settle. So, soloists of some group, known not even in narrow circles, can easily turn out to be your neighbors.
North and South Butovo
The youngest districts are not only in the SWAD, but also in the capital. Northern Butovo is “older” than its neighbor Southern, a region beyond the Moscow Region. Founded in 1985, it boasts the first metro station in Moscow outside the Moscow Ring Road - Dmitry Donskoy Boulevard, which served as a strong impetus for the further development of these areas far from the city. In Northern Butovo there are parks and greenhouses of the All-Russian Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants VILAR. Once behind the blind fence of the VILAR Botanical Garden, you can relax in specially equipped places for paid fishing with gazebos, barbecues, and of course ponds full of fish.
South Butovo is the second largest in Moscow and the first in terms of development. Analysts of real estate agencies unanimously consider it an exemplary residential area. South Butovo is highly rated due to its excellent ecology, developed infrastructure, affordable housing for any budget and a prosperous social profile of the population. The cost of a two-room apartment in the panel is 4-5 million rubles, the same apartment of a higher class will cost 7-8 million rubles. (the situation is similar in Northern Butovo). However, having settled in South Butovo, especially near its borders, one must be prepared that there will be an open village next to you. And inside some of the Yuzhnobutovo microdistricts, there are many private houses with a characteristic village way of life, namely, about 10 entire villages. Roosters will wake you up in the morning, dogs will bark in the evening, and the locals who meet with their very appearance will break the idyll of bohemian life in the capital.
Despite the location of South Butovo far outside the Moscow Ring Road, its transport accessibility makes many residents of sleeping bags closer to the center envy. On the territory of the district there are four stations of the light metro line, connected with the metro station Bulvar Dmitry Donskoy. And the presence in the area of a sufficient number of kindergartens, schools, sports facilities, shopping centers and recreation areas allows you to lead a full life without leaving the area. You just need to mentally prepare or come to terms with the fact that you live in settlements. Those who have tasted real Moscow life often have problems with this item, up to nostalgia for the “real” Moscow.
Of course, Varshavskoye Highway, the only transport connection between Butovo and the capital, is under increased load. And the long distance to the central regions makes traveling by car long and exhausting. But the status of an urban area smoothes out some inconveniences with additional benefits. In contrast to the cities of the Moscow region, whose residents also daily steadfastly overcome traffic jams on their way to the capital and back.
District infrastructure
It is known that Moscow is a happy exception from the all-Russian statistics on the well-being and social security of its inhabitants. And the Southwestern district stands out for the better already among other districts of the capital. Janitors regularly work on the streets and in the courtyards of residential areas, mostly residents of Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan and other fraternal republics. Receiving a salary of 15 thousand rubles. per month, they feel almost like oligarchs, managing to send half of the money to their homeland, and for the rest "not deny themselves anything." Moreover, they conscientiously treat their duties and maintain a positive attitude. It is especially clean in the courtyards of the central districts of the district: Gagarinsky, Akademichesky, Obruchevsky, Kotlovka.
The leader in terms of unkempt territories is the Lomonosovsky district. Despite the fact that it is closest to the center and has the highest price tag for housing. Something inexplicable is happening with his district council, and many suspect that officials are frankly cutting budget subsidies. As a result, the yards are dirty and dark, and the locals are full of negativity. Some deputies of the Lomonosovskoe municipality are trying to intervene in the situation, but so far to no avail.
The opposite picture is in the neighboring Obruchevsky district. Having overcome several blocks from the Lomonosovsky district to the southwest, it is as if you find yourself on another planet. The secret of such a metamorphosis will remain a mystery, one has only to state the fact: the courtyards of the Obruchev district are the best in all of Moscow. This can be seen both in general and in details: cleanliness and well-being are everywhere, there are flowerpots with flowers around, urns with galvanized (!) Buckets, and one gets the feeling that one is somewhere in Europe.
The transport situation in the district is close to ideal, though only by the standards of Moscow. For the majority of residents, the main transport is the metro, and in terms of its accessibility, the SWAD has no competitors. There are a total of 22 metro stations in the district. The main branch, the Kaluzhsko-Rizhskaya line, runs its ten stations through 7 of the 12 districts of the district, from Gagarinsky to Yasenevo. The eastern regions are covered by the stations of the “gray” Serpukhovsko-Timiryazevskaya line, and the western ones by the “red” Sokolnicheskaya line. Northern and Southern Butovo have their own personal Butovskaya light metro line, which makes the journey to the center long, but comfortable.
For motorists, the district is also not the worst option, despite the high population density and the lack of parking spaces in the central areas. An extensive road network allows you to skillfully maneuver between traffic jams, and the specific number of roadbeds per district area is higher than many neighboring ones. The main epicenters of tension are the main highways: Leninsky Avenue, Profsoyuznaya Street, Vernadsky Avenue, Sevastopolsky Avenue. Numerous traffic lights on Leninsky Prospekt are especially annoying, and even in a cloudless time it will not be possible to fly with a breeze. A large traffic jam forms at the Tyoply Stan metro station, where Novoyasenevsky Prospekt turns into Teply Stan Street in an incomprehensible zigzag through Profsoyuznaya Street. It turns out two T-shaped intersections in the neighborhood on the busiest highways of the sleeping areas of Yasenevo and Teply Stan, and everyone "needs it quickly." As a result, every day people stand in hour-long traffic jams in an open field, and the guys from Mosplan, who designed this “interchange” in the last century, turn over in their graves 2 times a day.
The solution to traffic jams during peak hours is a system of intercepting parking lots, and larger transport hubs being built on the site of former mini-markets near metro stations. Motorists can leave their cars at the nearest metro and transfer to public transport. Three park and rides are already operating in Yuzhny, one in North Butovo (and again this is Butovo!). And also one parking lot is located near the Teply Stan metro station and in the Zyuzino district, near the Kakhovskaya metro station. If you show 2 tickets for the metro, then parking costs 50 rubles per day, otherwise - 50 rubles. at one o'clock. Will the theme of intercepting parking take root? Most drivers are not yet ready to exchange the comfort of traveling in their own car for a dubious public transport service, and contrary to the proverb, instead of “going badly” on the subway, they choose “it’s good to stand” in traffic jams.
However, even in the center, the car needs to be “thrown” somewhere, and there are not very many options. Moreover, lately “parkons” have begun to run around Moscow: Ford Focus cars with cameras for photographing incorrectly parked cars. Every day, 50,000 drivers who, according to statistics, park illegally, are at risk. And they are already receiving “letters of happiness” at their home addresses, each for 2.5-3 thousand rubles. That is how much, since July 1, 2012, the pleasure of leaving your car “anywhere” costs in Moscow. Having received 2-3 such letters, you will inevitably think about the benefits of park-and-ride parking.
Kindergartens, schools, higher educational institutions, as well as institutions of additional education and culture - with this, everything in the district is also at the highest level. About 60 universities of the district accept not only local youth, but also students from other districts of Moscow and Russian cities. There are more than 200 kindergartens and about 300 schools in the Okrug, the figures are higher only in the North-Western Okrug.
Economy of the county
The South-Western District is, first of all, a large scientific base: research, design and other institutes, design bureaus, laboratories and high-tech industries of various industries. Many of them are in the form of state unitary enterprises, which serves as an additional incentive for employees: layoffs are less likely, salaries and social benefits. guarantees are more transparent. Qualified personnel are always required in these institutions, and the salary directly depends on the qualifications of a specialist and averages 35 thousand rubles, but can reach up to 80-100 thousand rubles. per month.
Among the largest research and production enterprises is NPP "Toriy", which produces microwave devices for the missile defense system and civil aviation. The average salary is 30 thousand rubles. plus a bonus, and for highly qualified specialists - up to 80 thousand rubles. with housing. Once a powerful link in the Soviet military-industrial complex, today Thorium receives its main income from the lease of industrial and office premises. However, the enterprise has been afloat for more than 53 years, and the production process does not stop there.
The largest institute in Russia for the development and production of lasers, FSUE NII Polyus, is also located in the South-Western Administrative District. The production is specific, it is not easy to get a job, there are increased requirements for employees, and special knowledge is required. Federal State Unitary Enterprise Research Institute of Automatic Equipment, another oldest enterprise in the South-Western Administrative District, is engaged in the creation of automated control systems. The company has been operating since 1956, has its own dissertation council, and also provides talented young people with the opportunity to start a scientific or industrial career. Specialists can also find here a stable job and a good salary, on average - 40 thousand rubles.
It is possible to enumerate all the research and production organizations of the SWAO ad infinitum, they have one thing in common: despite the reduction in state subsidies and a serious decline in production, scientific developments are being carried out, and enterprises are working. This means that a competent techie, and even having a special qualification, can get a very good job in the South-Western Administrative District, with its colossal scientific potential. It is pointless to look for vacancies on websites, it is most effective to contact the personnel department of the corresponding enterprise directly, and good luck will accompany you in everything.
The industry in the district is not as developed, and the existing enterprises can be counted on the fingers: NPO Automation and Instrumentation (orders for space and defense purposes), a plant for the processing of special alloys, the Cheryomushki confectionery and bakery plant, the Butovo asphalt-concrete plant. The plant for the processing of special alloys, in other words, the oldest jewelry production in Russia under the Monarch brand, is engaged in the production of gold chains, gold leaf and other jewelry products. Specialists are always required, especially in hazardous areas of production. Among the prestigious and highly paid professions are fashion designers and master jewelers.
Considering the youth specifics, there are many employment centers for students and postgraduates in the district. And at large universities there are departments of employment. So young people with a certain perseverance can find a highly paid job in the SWAD. At the same time, there are many job offers for students, on average, for 20-25 thousand rubles. per month. In the unskilled labor market, you can also easily find a job for 30 thousand rubles. Considering that many wealthy people live in the SWAD, sane housekeepers, governesses, home cooks, chauffeurs, etc. are always in demand. There, the salary can be many times higher, and the working conditions are not too exhausting.
There are two large food fairs on the territory of the district: in Konkovo and in Teply Stan. Their location corresponds to the metro stations of the same name. To be more precise, formally there is no longer a fair in Konkovo, but the Konkovo Passage shopping complex. The name itself is immediately alarming, and once inside, you understand that intuition did not deceive.
To put it mildly, in this "passage" you will buy consumer goods from the former "Cherkizone", but at prices 5 times higher. Locals do not understand both the pricing policy of the shopping center, located almost at the MKAD itself, and the pretentious prefix "passage", uncensoredly calling this place a viper. In fairness, it should be noted that next to the "passage" there is a food market "Eco-market". It is distinguished by cleanliness, high quality of products and sellers of Slavic appearance. True, the prices there are much higher than average, but the quality of products (even meat and dairy products) is beyond praise. The market lives up to its name and attracts a few buyers from neighboring areas who think about their health and prefer to consume organic products.
Two shopping centers are located next to the Teply Stan metro station: the Spektr shopping center and the Prince Plaza shopping center. More modern, more civilized. There is a clothing market, an indoor food market, and the Karusel chain hypermarket, as well as cinemas and fashion boutiques. And a little further away - the cheap market "Teply Stan", pushed out by modern shopping centers from its familiar place near the metro in the direction of Yasenevo, but has not lost its clientele, despite, to put it mildly, unsanitary conditions.
Another popular place for shopping and recreation for Muscovites is the MEGA Teply Stan shopping complex. Although it is already located outside the borders of the South-Western Administrative District, at the intersection of the Moscow Ring Road and Profsoyuznaya Street. There is a famous IKEA store, Auchan and hundreds of chain boutiques with quality goods. This attracts huge traffic to MEGA, especially on weekends, when it is almost impossible to find a place in a kilometer-long parking lot.
Crime
SWAD is called one of the criminally prosperous districts of Moscow. This is due, first of all, to its contingent, the main percentage of which has historically been representatives of the scientific intelligentsia: professors, lecturers, researchers, graduate students. The composition of crimes is dominated by minor offenses: theft, fraud, hooliganism. The sources of danger are green areas and large markets, such as Konkovo, Teply Stan, around which criminal personalities accumulate, and barsetters operate in parking lots. Intercity bus platforms located near the Tyoply Stan market also attract various scammers to this territory.
The highest crime rate in the district is in Konkovo: the district is the leader both in the number of burglaries and in the number of street crimes: robberies, robberies, attacks on people. Cases of violence and robbery are often recorded on the territory of the Bitsevsky Forest Park, which adds increased danger to the area.
Of the high-profile cases that “glorified” the district, I recall the sensational collapse of the roof of the Transvaal Park water park in Yasenevo in 2004. Put into operation two years earlier, the five-story complex of the water park buried 28 people under it, and about 200 people received injuries of varying severity. Relatives of the victims have not yet received any monetary or moral compensation. The investigation of the case ended with the accusation of the chief designer of the complex, who immediately accepted the amnesty offer, without pleading guilty. Lawyers are now demanding compensation for the victims through the European Court of Human Rights, but Russia has never been found guilty of violations in connection with this tragedy.
In 2007, he was sentenced to life imprisonment by the “Bitsevsky maniac”, who operated in the Bitsevsky forest park and eventually committed about 50 murders. This high-profile criminal case had a wide public outcry, thanks to which the whole country learned about the Bitsevsky Forest. This serial maniac kept the entire district in fear for more than 5 years, as a result, the Bitsevsky Forest gained notoriety and still evokes painful associations in many people.
In 2007, Sergei Burkotov, head of the Cheryomushki district council, was shot dead in his personal car. This contract killing occurred due to a conflict between the official and developers working in the district. According to one version, the district head was "removed" because he ordered to suspend the construction of facilities without permits. However, the investigation in the case came to the conclusion that Burkotov "protected" the construction business, and the head of one of the firms decided to get rid of the overly greedy patron. The truth in this case will remain inaccessible to the public. Moreover, it does not directly affect her interests, in contrast to the case of the “Bitz maniac”.
Attractions SWAD
The main places of recreation for the residents of the district are green areas, which are abundant in the territory of the South-Western Administrative District. The most famous is the Bitsevsky forest, which stretches along the southeastern border of the district. And although its main part is a sample of untouched nature, there are still very ennobled places, with numerous clearings, alleys, rivers and springs. Of the attractions - the picturesque noble estates Uzkoye and Yasenevo, the equestrian sports complex "Bitsa", the paleontological museum of the Russian Academy of Sciences (just like from the movie "Night at the Museum").
Despite the “tarnished” reputation, hundreds of people aspire to Bitsevsky Forest every day. To be afraid of maniacs - do not go into the forest, since the metro stations Konkovo and Novoyasenevskaya to the park are 3 minutes on foot. Who goes just to take a walk and breathe in the air, who - in violation of the law "for barbecue", someone goes with children to the paleontological museum, from where adults leave full of impressions and emotions. In the forest park at any time of the year it is full of extreme cyclists, and in the Uzkoye estate - lovers of cultural recreation. In the cascade of its ponds, you can even (for a fee) catch royal fish for dinner: sturgeon, trout, grass carp.
Holidays with children usually take place in the Gagarinsky district. The State Circus, the Children's Musical Academic Theatre, the Palace of Children and Youth Creativity are located there. Contribute to attendance are the nearby metro stations "University" and "Sparrow Hills", and a beautiful large park with a pond where you can relax in the bosom of nature. Three blocks from the park, on Vavilov Street, there is the State Darwin Museum, which everyone who finds himself in the area must visit. Moreover, the Southwestern District is not rich in museums at all. This is one of the world's largest museums of evolution with unique collections, many of which migrated here from the St. Petersburg Kunstkamera.
The main places of alternative cultural recreation in the district are located along Leninsky Prospekt. It is enough just to walk or drive from Gagarin Square to the south, and there will be a lot of interesting things. And the clubs are mostly located closer to the center, close to key metro stations. The Dump club, which is located in the Akademichesky district near Profsoyuznaya metro station, is very popular with young people. He fell in love with many students for affordable prices and an informal atmosphere. The music is different, you can often hear live performances of rock bands.
Dump Club
Mostly young people hang out there, many “pull up” from neighboring sleeping areas, from which there are 2-3 stations to the club along a direct line without transfers. For the more mature, in Konkovo, near Belyaevo metro station, there is the Owl club, designed in the style of an English castle, with many billiard tables and a spacious dance floor. Open tables, separate booths, two bars and non-acidic music that 30-35 year olds can easily endure and even enjoy. However, the main nightlife still takes place in the center, so the golden youth do not linger in the evenings in their native areas, preferring to spend time closer to the Garden Ring.
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