Funny chemistry experiments. Acetone and copper wire

This manual increases interest in the subject, develops cognitive, mental, research activities. Students analyze, compare, study and generalize the material, receive new information and practical skills. Students can conduct some experiments on their own at home, but most in the classroom of a chemical circle under the guidance of a teacher.

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town Novomikhailovsky

municipality

Tuapse district

"Chemical reactions around us"

Teacher:

Kozlenko

Alevtina Viktorovna

2015

« Volcano" on the table.Ammonium dichromate mixed with metallic magnesium is poured into the crucible (the mound in the center is moistened with alcohol). Light the "volcano" with a burning torch. The reaction is exothermic, proceeds rapidly, together with nitrogen, hot particles of chromium oxide (III) fly out and

burning magnesium. If you turn off the light, you get the impression of an erupting volcano, from the crater of which red-hot masses pour out:

(NH 4) 2 Cr 2 O 7 \u003d Cr 2 O 3 + 4H 2 O + N 2; 2Mg + O 2 \u003d 2MgO.

"Star Rain".Pour onto a sheet of clean paper, mixing thoroughly, three tablespoons of potassium permanganate, coal powder and reduced iron powder. The resulting mixture is poured into an iron crucible, which is fixed in the tripod ring and heated with the flame of an alcohol lamp. The reaction starts and the mixture is ejected

in the form of many sparks, giving the impression of "fiery rain".

Fireworks in the middle of the liquid. 5 ml of concentrated sulfuric acid is poured into the cylinder and 5 ml of ethyl alcohol is carefully poured along the wall of the cylinder, then a few crystals of potassium permanganate are thrown. Sparks appear on the border between two liquids, accompanied by crackling. Alcohol ignites when oxygen appears, which is formed when potassium permanganate reacts with sulfuric acid.

"Green Fire" . Boric acid with ethyl alcohol form an ester:

H 3 BO 3 + 3C 2 H 5 OH \u003d B (OS 2 H 5) + 3H 2 O

1 g of boric acid is poured into a porcelain cup, 10 ml of alcohol and 1 ml of sulfuric acid are poured. The mixture is stirred with a glass rod and ignited. Ether vapor burns with a green flame.

Water ignites paper. In a porcelain cup, sodium peroxide is mixed with small pieces of filter paper. A few drops of water are dripped onto the prepared mixture. The paper is flammable.

Na 2 O 2 + 2H 2 O \u003d H 2 O 2 + 2NaOH

2H 2 O 2 \u003d 2H 2 O + O 2 |

Multicolored flame.Various flame colors can be shown when chlorides are burned in alcohol. To do this, take clean porcelain cups with 2-3 ml of alcohol. 0.2-0.5 g of finely ground chlorides are added to the alcohol. The mixture is ignited. In each cup, the color of the flame is characteristic of the cation that is present in the salt: lithium - crimson, sodium - yellow, potassium - violet, rubidium and cesium - pink-violet, calcium - brick red, barium - yellowish green, strontium - raspberry, etc.

Magic wands.Three beakers are filled with solutions of litmus, methyl orange and phenolphthalein to about 3/4 volume.

In other glasses, solutions of hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide are prepared. Sodium hydroxide solution is collected with a glass tube. Stir the liquid in all the glasses with this tube, imperceptibly pouring out a small amount of the solution each time. The color of the liquid in the glasses will change. Then acid is collected in this way into the second tubeand mix liquids in glasses with it. The color of the indicators will again change dramatically.

Magic wand.For the experiment, a pre-prepared slurry of potassium permanganate and concentrated sulfuric acid is placed in porcelain cups. The glass rod is immersed in the freshly prepared oxidizing mixture. Quickly bring the stick to the damp wick of an alcohol lamp or cotton wool soaked in alcohol, the wick ignites. (It is forbidden to bring a stick re-moistened with alcohol into the gruel.)

2KMnO 4 + H 2 SO 4 \u003d Mn 2 O 7 + K 2 SO 4 + H 2 O

6Mp 2 O 7 + 5C 2 H 5 OH + 12H 2 SO 4 \u003d l2MnSO 4 + 10CO 2 + 27H 2 O

The reaction takes place with the release of a large amount of heat, the alcohol ignites.

Self-igniting liquid.0.5 g of potassium permanganate crystals slightly ground in a mortar are placed in a porcelain cup, and then 3-4 drops of glycerin are applied from a pipette. After a while, the glycerin ignites:

14KMnO 4 + 3C 3 H 6 (OH) 3 \u003d 14MnO 2 + 9CO 2 + 5H 2 O + 14KOH

Combustion of various substancesin molten crystals.

Three tubes are 1/3 filled with white crystals of potassium nitrate. All three test tubes are fixed vertically in a rack and simultaneously heated with three spirit lamps. When the crystals melt,a piece of heated charcoal is lowered into the first test tube, a piece of heated sulfur into the second, and a little lit red phosphorus into the third. In the first test tube, the coal burns, "jumping" at the same time. In the second test tube, a piece of sulfur burns with a bright flame. In the third test tube, red phosphorus burns out, releasing such an amount of heat that the test tube melts.

Water is a catalyst.Mix gently on a glass plate

4 g of powdered iodine and 2 g of zinc dust. The reaction does not occur. A few drops of water are added to the mixture. An exothermic reaction begins with the release of a violet vapor of iodine, which reacts with zinc. The experiment is carried out under tension.

Self-ignition of paraffin.Fill 1/3 of the tubes with pieces of paraffin and heat to its boiling point. Boiling paraffin is poured from a test tube, from a height of about 20 cm, in a thin stream. Paraffin flares up and burns with a bright flame. (In a test tube, paraffin cannot ignite, since there is no air circulation. When paraffin is poured out in a thin stream, air access to it is facilitated. And since the temperature of the molten paraffin is higher than its ignition temperature, it flares up.)

Municipal Autonomous General Educational Institution

Secondary school No. 35

town Novomikhailovsky

municipality

Tuapse district

Entertaining experiences on the subject

"Chemistry in our house"

Teacher:

Kozlenko

Alevtina Viktorovna

2015

Smoke without fire. A few drops of concentrated hydrochloric acid are poured into one cleanly washed cylinder, and an ammonia solution is poured into the other. Both cylinders are closed with lids and placed at some distance from each other. Before the experiment show that the cylinders let. During the demonstration, the hydrochloric acid cylinder (on the walls) is turned upside down and placed on the cap of the ammonia cylinder. The lid is removed: white smoke is formed.

Golden Knife. To 200 ml of a saturated solution of copper sulphate, add 1 ml of sulfuric acid. Take a knife cleaned with sandpaper. Dip the knife for a few seconds in a solution of copper sulfate, take it out, rinse it and immediately wipe it dry with a towel. The knife becomes golden. It was covered with an even, shiny layer of copper.

Freezing glass.Ammonium nitrate is poured into a glass of water and placed on wet plywood, which freezes to the glass.

Color solutions. Crystal hydrates of copper, nickel, and cobalt salts are dehydrated before the experiment. After adding water to them, colored solutions are formed. Anhydrous white copper salt powder form blue color solution, green nickel green salt powder, blue salt powder 4 cobalt red.

Blood without a wound. For the experiment, use 100 ml of a 3% solution of ferric chloride FeCI 3 in 100 ml of a 3% solution of potassium thiocyanate KCNS. To demonstrate the experience, a children's polyethylene sword is used. Call someone from the audience to the stage. Wash the palm with a cotton swab with a solution of FeCI 3 , and the sword is moistened with a colorless solution of KCNS. Next, the sword is drawn across the palm: “blood” flows abundantly on the paper:

FeCl 3 + 3KCNS \u003d Fe (CNS) 3 + 3KCl

"Blood" from the palm is washed off with cotton wool moistened with a solution of sodium fluoride. They show the audience that there is no wound and the palm is completely clean.

Instant color "photo".Yellow and red blood salts, interacting with heavy metal salts, give reaction products of different colors: yellow blood salt with iron (III) sulfate gives a blue color, with copper (II) salts - dark brown, with bismuth salts - yellow, with salts iron (II) - green. The above salt solutions on white paper make a drawing and dry it. Since the solutions are colorless, the paper remains uncolored. For the development of such drawings, a wet swab moistened with a solution of yellow blood salt is carried out on paper.

The transformation of liquid into jelly.Pour 100 g of sodium silicate solution into a beaker and add 5 ml of 24% hydrochloric acid solution. Stir the mixture of these solutions with a glass rod and hold the rod vertically in the solution. After 1-2 minutes, the rod no longer falls in the solution, because the liquid has thickened so that it does not pour out of the glass.

Chemical vacuum in a flask. Fill the flask with carbon dioxide. A little concentrated solution of potassium hydroxide is poured into it and the opening of the bottle is closed with a peeled hard-boiled egg, the surface of which is smeared with a thin layer of petroleum jelly. The egg gradually begins to be drawn into the bottle and, with a sharp sound of a shot, falls on her bottom.

(A vacuum was formed in the flask as a result of the reaction:

CO 2 + 2KOH \u003d K 2 CO 3 + H 2 O.

Outside air pressure pushes the egg.)

Fireproof handkerchief.The handkerchief is impregnated with a solution of sodium silicate, dried and folded. To demonstrate incombustibility, it is moistened with alcohol and set on fire. The handkerchief should be kept straightened with crucible tongs. The alcohol burns off, and the fabric impregnated with sodium silicate remains unharmed.

Sugar is on fire.Take a piece of refined sugar with tongs and try to set it on fire - the sugar does not light up. If this piece is sprinkled with ashes from a cigarette, and then set on fire with a match, the sugar lights up with a bright blue flame and quickly burns out.

(The ashes contain lithium compounds that act as a catalyst.)

Charcoal from sugar. Weigh out 30 g of powdered sugar and transfer it to a beaker. Pour ~ 12 ml of concentrated sulfuric acid into powdered sugar. Mix sugar and acid with a glass rod into a mushy mass. After a while, the mixture turns black and heats up, and soon a porous coal mass begins to crawl out of the glass.

Municipal Autonomous General Educational Institution

Secondary school No. 35

town Novomikhailovsky

municipality

Tuapse district

Entertaining experiences on the subject

"Chemistry in Nature"

Teacher:

Kozlenko

Alevtina Viktorovna

2015

Extraction of "gold".Lead acetate is dissolved in one flask with hot water, and potassium iodide is dissolved in the other. Both solutions are poured into a large flask, the mixture is allowed to cool and show beautiful golden scales floating in the solution.

Pb (CH 3 COO) 2 + 2KI \u003d PbI 2 + 2CH3COOK

Mineral "chameleon".3 ml of a saturated potassium permanganate solution and 1 ml of a 10% potassium hydroxide solution are poured into a test tube.

10-15 drops of sodium sulfite solution are added to the resulting mixture while shaking until a dark green color appears. When stirred, the color of the solution turns blue, then purple and finally raspberry.

The appearance of a dark green color is due to the formation of potassium manganate

K 2 MPO 4:

2KMpo 4 + 2KOH + Na 2 SO 3 \u003d 2K 2 MnO 4 + Na 2 SO 4 + H 2 O.

The change in the dark green color of the solution is due to the decomposition of potassium manganate under the influence of atmospheric oxygen:

4K 2 MnO 4 + O 2 + 2H 2 O \u003d 4KMpO 4 + 4KON.

The transformation of red phosphorus into white.A glass rod is lowered into a dry test tube and red phosphorus is placed in the amount of half a pea. The bottom of the test tube is very hot. First, there is white smoke. With further heating, yellowish droplets of white phosphorus appear on the cold inner walls of the test tube. It is also deposited on a glass rod. After stopping the heating of the test tube, the glass rod is removed. White phosphorus ignites on it. With the end of a glass rod, white phosphorus is also removed from the inner walls of the test tube. In the air there is a second flash.

The experiment is carried out only by the teacher.

Pharaoh snakes. For the experiment, a salt is prepared - mercury (II) thiocyanate by mixing a concentrated solution of mercury (II) nitrate with a 10% solution of potassium thiocyanate. The precipitate is filtered, washed with water and sticks are made 3-5 mm thick and 4 cm long. The sticks are dried on glass at room temperature. During the demonstration, sticks are placed on a demonstration table and set on fire. As a result of the decomposition of mercury (II) thiocyanate, products are released that take the form of a writhing snake. Its volume is many times greater than the original volume of salt:

Hg (NO 3) 2 + 2KCNS \u003d Hg (CNS) 2 + 2KNO 3

2Hg (CNS| 2 = 2HgS + CS 2 + C 3 N 4 .

Dark gray snake.Sand is poured into a crystallizer or onto a glass plate and impregnated with alcohol. A hole is made in the center of the cone and a mixture of 2 g of baking soda and 13 g of powdered sugar is placed there. Burn alcohol. Caxap turns into caramel, and soda decomposes with the release of carbon monoxide (IV). A thick dark gray "snake" crawls out of the sand. The longer the alcohol burns, the longer the "snake".

"Chemical algae». A solution of silicate glue (sodium silicate) diluted with an equal volume of water is poured into a glass. Crystals of calcium chloride, manganese (II), cobalt (II), nickel (II) and other metals are thrown to the bottom of the glass. After some time, crystals of the corresponding sparingly soluble silicates begin to grow in the glass, resembling algae.

Burning snow. Together with snow, 1-2 pieces of calcium carbide are placed in a jar. After that, a burning splinter is brought to the jar. The snow flares up and burns with a smoky flame. The reaction takes place between calcium carbide and water:

CaC 2 + 2H 2 O \u003d Ca (OH) 2 + C 2 H 2

The escaping gas - acetylene burns:

2C 2 H 2 + 5O 2 \u003d 4CO 2 + 2H 2 O.

"Buran" in a glass.Pour 5 g of benzoic acid into a 500 ml beaker and put a sprig of pine. Close the glass with a porcelain cup with cold water and heat it over an alcohol lamp. The acid first melts, then turns into steam, and the glass is filled with white "snow" that covers the twig.

Secondary school No. 35

Novomikhailovsky settlement

municipality

Tuapse district

Entertaining experiences on the subject

"Chemistry in Agriculture"

Teacher:

Kozlenko

Alevtina Viktorovna

2015

Different ways to get "milk".Solutions are prepared for the experiment: sodium chloride and silver nitrate; barium chloride and sodium sulfate; calcium chloride and sodium carbonate. Pour these solutions into separate beakers. In each of them, “milk” is formed - insoluble white salts:

NaCI + AgNO 3 \u003d AgCI ↓ + NaNO 3;

Na 2 SO 4 + ВаСI 2 \u003d BaSO 4 ↓ + 2NaCI;

Na 2 CO 3 + CaCI 2 \u003d CaCO 3 ↓ + 2NaCI.

Turning milk into water.An excess of hydrochloric acid is added to a white precipitate obtained by pouring solutions of calcium chloride and sodium carbonate. The liquid boils and becomes colorless and

transparent:

CaCl 2 + Na 2 CO 3 \u003d CaCO 3 ↓ + 2NaCl;

CaCO3↓ + 2HCI = CaCI 2 + H 2 O + CO 2.

original egg. An egg is dipped into a glass jar with a dilute solution of hydrochloric acid. After 2-3 minutes, the egg is covered with gas bubbles and floats to the surface of the liquid. The gas bubbles break off and the egg sinks to the bottom again. So, diving and rising, the egg moves until the shell dissolves.

Municipal educational institution

Secondary school No. 35

Novomikhailovsky settlement

municipality

Tuapse district

extracurricular activity

"Interesting questions about chemistry"

Teacher:

Kozlenko

Alevtina Viktorovna

2015

Quiz.

1. Name the ten most common elements in the earth's crust.

2. What chemical element was discovered earlier on the Sun than on Earth?

3. What rare metal is found in some gemstones?

4. What is helium air?

5. What metals and alloys melt in hot water?

6. What refractory metals do you know?

7. What is heavy water?

8. Name the elements that make up the human body.

9. Name the heaviest gas, liquid and solid.

10. How many elements are used in the manufacture of a car?

11. What chemical elements enter the plant from air, water, soil?

12. What salts of sulfuric and hydrochloric acids are used to protect plants from pests and diseases?

13. What kind of molten metal can freeze water /?

14. Is drinking clean water good for a person?

15. Who was the first to determine the quantitative chemical composition of water by methods of synthesis and analysis?

16 . What gas is in the solid state at a temperature - 2>252 °C combines with an explosion with liquid hydrogen?

17. What element is the basis of the entire mineral world of the Nanki planet?

18. Which compound of chlorine and mercury is a strong poison?

19. The names of what elements are associated with radioactive processes?

Answers:

1. The following elements are most common in the earth's crust: oxygen, silicon, aluminum, iron, calcium, sodium, magnesium, potassium, hydrogen, titanium. These elements occupy approximately 96.4% of the mass of the earth's crust; for all other elements, only 3.5% of the mass of the earth's crust remains.

2. Helium was first discovered on the Sun, and only a quarter of a century later it was found on Earth.

3. The metal beryllium is found in nature as an integral part of precious stones (beryl, aquamarine, alexandrite, etc.).

4. This is the name of artificial air, which includes approximately 20% oxygen and 80% helium.

5. The following metals melt in hot water: cesium (+28.5 °С), gallium (+ 29.75 °С), rubidium (+ 39 °С), potassium (+63 °С). Wood's alloy (50% Bi, 25% Pb, 12.5% ​​Sn, 12.5% ​​Cd) melts at +60.5°C.

6. The most refractory metals such as: tungsten (3370 ° C), rhenium (3160 ° C), tantalum (3000 ° C), osmium (2700 ° C), molybdenum (2620 ° C), niobium (2415 ° C).

7. Heavy water is the compound of the hydrogen isotope of deuterium with oxygen D 2 A. There is a small amount of heavy water in ordinary water (1 part by weight in 5000 parts by weight).

8. The composition of the human body includes more than 20 elements: oxygen (65.04%), carbon (18.25%), hydrogen (10.05%), nitrogen (2.65%), calcium (1.4%) , phosphorus (0.84%), potassium (0.27%), chlorine (0.21%), sulfur (0.21%) and

others

9. The heaviest gas taken under normal conditions is tungsten hexafluoride WF 6 , the heaviest liquid is mercury, the heaviest solid is osmium metal Os.

10. Approximately 50 chemical elements are used in the manufacture of a car, which are part of 250 different substances and materials.

11. Carbon, nitrogen, oxygen enter the plant from the air. Hydrogen and oxygen from water. All other elements enter the plant from the soil.

12. Copper and iron sulfates, barium and zinc chlorides are used to protect plants from pests and diseases.

13. You can freeze water with mercury, it melts at a temperature of 39 ° C.

14. Chemists consider distilled water to be relatively pure water. But it is harmful to the body, becauseit does not contain useful salts and gases. It flushes out the salts contained in the cell sap from the cells of the stomach.

15. The quantitative chemical composition of water, first by the method of synthesis, and then by analysis, was determined by Lavoisier.

16. Fluorine is a very strong oxidizing agent. In the solid state, it combines with liquid hydrogen at a temperature of -252 °C.

17. Silicon makes up 27.6% of the earth's crust and is the main element in the kingdom of minerals and rocks, which are exclusively composed of silicon compounds.

18. A strong poison is the combination of chlorine with mercury - sublimate. In medicine, sublimate is used as a disinfectant (1:1000).

19. The names of such elements are associated with radioactive processes: astatine, radium, radon, actinium, protactinium.

Do you know that...

The production of 1 ton of building bricks requires 1-2 m 3 water, and for the production of 1 ton of nitrogen fertilizers and 1 ton of capron - respectively 600, 2500 m 3 .

The layer of the atmosphere at an altitude of 10 to 50 km is called the ozonosphere. The total amount of ozone gas is small; at normal pressure and temperature 0 ° C, it would be distributed over the earth's surface in a thin layer of 2-3 mm. The ozone of the upper layers of the atmosphere absorbs most of the ultraviolet radiation that the Sun sends out and protects all living things from its harmful effects.

Polycarbonate is a polymer that has interesting features. It can be hard like metal, elastic like silk, transparent like crystal, or dyed in different colors. The polymer can be molded. It does not burn, retains its properties at temperatures from +135 to -150 °C.

Ozone is toxic. In low concentrations (during a thunderstorm), the smell of ozone is pleasant and refreshing. At a concentration in the air of more than 1%, its smell is extremely unpleasant and it is impossible to breathe it.

A salt crystal with slow crystallization can reach a size of more than half a meter.

Pure iron is found on Earth only in the form of meteorites.

Burning magnesium cannot be extinguished with carbon dioxide, as it interacts with it and continues to burn due to the released oxygen.

The most refractory metal is tungsten (t pl 3410 ° C), and the most fusible metal is cesium (t pl 28.5 °C).

The largest gold nugget found in the Urals in 1837 weighed about 37 kg. A gold nugget of 108 kg was found in California, and 250 kg in Australia.

Beryllium is called the metal of indefatigability, because the springs made from its alloy can withstand up to 20 billion load cycles (they are almost eternal).

CURIOUS FIGURES AND FACTS

Freon substitutes. Freons and other synthetic substances containing chlorine and fluorine are known to destroy the ozone layer of the atmosphere. Soviet scientists found a replacement for freon - hydrocarbon propylanes (compounds of propane and butane), harmless to the atmospheric layer. By 1995, the chemical industry will produce 1 billion aerosols.

TU-104 and plastics. The TU-104 aircraft has 120,000 parts made of organic glass, other plastics and their various combinations with other materials.

Nitrogen and lightning. About 100 lightning strikes every second are one of the sources of nitrogen compounds. In this case, the following processes take place:

N 2 + O 2 \u003d 2NO

2NO+O 2 \u003d 2NO 2

2NO 2 + H 2 O + 1 / 2O 2 \u003d 2HNO 3

Thus, nitrate ions enter the soil, which are absorbed by plants.

Methane and warming. The methane content in the lower layers of the atmosphere (troposphere) averaged 0.0152 ppm 10 years ago. and was relatively constant. Recently, there has been a systematic increase in its concentration. An increase in the methane content in the troposphere contributes to an increase in the greenhouse effect, since methane molecules absorb infrared radiation.

Ashes in sea water. In the water of the seas and oceans there are dissolved salts of gold. Calculations show that the water of all seas and oceans contains about 8 billion tons of gold. Scientists are looking for the most profitable ways to extract gold from sea water. 1 ton of sea water contains 0.01-0.05 mg of gold.

"White Soot" . In addition to the usual, well-known black soot, there is also “white soot”. Gak is a powder of amorphous silicon dioxide, which is used as a filler for rubber in the manufacture of rubber from it.

Threat from trace elements. The active circulation of trace elements accumulating in natural environments creates, according to experts, a serious threat to the health of modern man and future generations. Their sources are millions of tons of annually burned fuel, blast furnace production, non-ferrous metallurgy, mineral fertilizers applied to the soil, etc.

Transparent rubber.In the manufacture of rubber from rubber, zinc oxide is used (it speeds up the vulcanization process of rubber). If zinc peroxide is added to rubber instead of zinc oxide, then the rubber is transparent. Through a layer of such rubber 2 cm thick, you can freely read a book.

Oil is more valuable than gold.Rose oil is required to make many types of perfume. It is a mixture of aromatic substances extracted from rose petals. To obtain 1 kg of this oil, 4-5 tons of petals must be collected and subjected to chemical treatment. Rose oil is filtered three times more expensive than gold.

Iron is within us.The body of an adult contains 3.5 g of iron. This is very little compared, for example, with calcium, which is more than 1 kg in the body. But if we compare not the total content of these elements, but their concentration only in the blood, then there is five times more iron than calcium. The main mass of iron, which is part of the body (2.45 g), is concentrated in blood erythrocytes. Iron is found in the muscle protein myoglobin and in many enzymes. 1% of iron constantly circulates in plasma - the liquid part of the blood. The main "depot" of iron is the liver: here, an adult male can store up to 1 g of iron. Between all tissues and organs containing iron, there is a constant exchange. About 10% of iron is brought into the bone marrow by the blood. It is part of the pigment that colors the hair.

Phosphorus - the element of life and thought. In animals, phosphorus is concentrated mainly in the skeleton, muscles and nervous tissue. The human body contains on average about 1.5 kg of phosphorus. Of this mass, 1.4 kg is in the bones, about 130 g is in the muscles, and 12 g is in the nerves and brain. Almost all physiological processes occurring in our body are associated with the transformation of organophosphorus substances.

asphalt lake. On the island of Trinidad in the Lesser Antilles group, there is a lake filled not with water, but with frozen asphalt. Its area is 45 hectares, and the depth reaches 90 m. It is believed that the lake was formed in the crater of a volcano, into which oil penetrated through underground cracks. Millions of tons of asphalt have already been extracted from it.

Microalloying.Microalloying is one of the central problems of modern materials science. By introducing small amounts (approximately 0.01%) of certain elements, it is possible to noticeably change the properties of the alloys. This is due to segregation, i.e., the formation of an excess concentration of alloying elements on structural defects.

Types of coal. "Colorless Coal"- this is gas, "yellow coal" - solar energy, "green coal" - vegetable fuel, "blue coal" - the energy of the ebbs and flows of the seas, "blue coal" - the driving force of the wind, "red coal" - the energy of volcanoes.

Native aluminium.Recent discoveries of native metallic aluminum have raised the question of how it was formed. According to scientists, in natural melts under the influence of electrotelluric currents (electric currents flowing in the earth's crust), aluminum is reduced electrochemically.

Plastic nail.Plastic masses - polycarbonates were also suitable for the manufacture of nails. Nails from them are freely driven into the board and do notrust, in many cases perfectly replacing iron nails.

Sulfuric acid in nature. Sulfuric acid is obtained fromchemical plants. It turned out that it is formed in nature, primarily in volcanoes. For example, in the waters of the Rio Negro, which originates from the volcano Puracho in South America, in the crater of which sulfur is formed, contains up to0.1% sulfuric acid. The river daily carries into the sea up to 20 liters of "volcanic" sulfuric acid. In the USSR, sulfuric acid was discovered by academician Fersman in sulfur deposits in the Karakum desert.

Fun chemistry games

Who is faster and more?The teacher invites the participants of the game to write the names of the elements ending in the same letter, for example, in “n” (argon, krypton, xenon, lanthanum, molybdenum, neon, radon, etc.). The game can be made more difficult by offering to find these elements in the table

D. I. Mendeleev and indicate which of them are metals and which non-metals.

Make up the names of the elements.The teacher calls the student to the blackboard and asks him to write down a series of syllables. The rest of the students write them in their notebooks. Task: in 3 minutes, make possible names of elements from the recorded syllables. For example, from the syllables "se, tiy, diy, ra, lion, li" you can compose the words: "lithium, sulfur, radium, selenium."

Drawing up reaction equations.“Who can quickly write equations for reactions, for example, between a metal and oxygen? - asks the teacher, referring to the participants in the game. - Write down the equation for the oxidation of aluminum. Whoever writes the equation first, let him raise his hand.”

Who knows more?The teacher closes the table with a strip of paper

D. I. Mendeleev some group of elements (or period) and in turn invites the teams to name and write the signs of the elements of a closed group (or period). The winner is the student who names the most chemical elements and correctly writes their signs.

The meaning of the names of elements in translation from a foreign language.What does the word "bromine" mean in Greek? You can play the same game and find out by the participants the meaning of the names of the elements translated from Latin (for example, ruthenium, tellurium, gallium, hafnium, lutetium, holmium, etc.).

Name the formula. The teacher names some compound, for example, magnesium hydroxide. The players, in whose hands are tablets with formulas, run out, holding a tablet with the corresponding formula in their hands.

Charades, puzzles,

chainwords, crosswords.

1 . The first four letters of the name of the famous Greek philosopher "denote the word" people "in Greek without the last letter, the last four are an island in the Mediterranean Sea; in general - the name of the Greek philosopher, founder of the atomistic theory.(Demos, Crete - Democritus.)

2. The first syllable of the name of a chemical element is also the first of the name of one of the elements of the platinum group; in general, it is the metal for which Marie Skłodowska-Curie won the Nobel Prize.(Radon, rhodium - radium.)

3. The first syllable of the name of the chemical element is also the first of the name of the "lunar element"; the second is the first in the name of the metal discovered by M. Sklodowska-Curie; in general it is (in alchemical language) "the gall of the god Vulcan".(Selenium, radium - sulfur.)

4. The first syllable of the name is also the first syllable of the name of an asphyxiant gas obtained by the synthesis of carbon monoxide (II) and chlorine; the second syllable is the first in the name of the solution of formaldehyde in water; in general, it is a chemical element, about which A.E. Fersman wrote that it is an element of life and thought.(Phosgene, formalin- phosphorus.)

Municipal budgetary educational institution

"Secondary school No. 35", Bryansk

Entertaining experiments in chemistry

Developed

chemistry teacher of the highest category

Velicheva Tamara Alexandrovna

When conducting experiments, it is necessary to observe safety precautions, skillfully handle substances, utensils and appliances. These experiments do not require complex equipment and expensive reagents, and their effect on the audience is enormous.

"Golden" nail.

Pour 10-15 ml of copper sulfate solution into a test tube and add a few drops of sulfuric acid. An iron nail is dipped into the solution for 5-10 seconds. A red coating of metallic copper appears on the surface of the nail. To give shine, the nail is rubbed with filter paper.

Pharaoh snakes.

Crushed dry fuel is placed on the asbestos mesh. Norsulfazole tablets are placed around the top of the hill at the same distance from each other. During the demonstration of the experiment, the top of the hill is set on fire with a match. During the experiment, it is monitored that three independent “snakes” are formed from three norsulfazole tablets. To prevent sticking of the reaction products into one "snake", it is necessary to correct the resulting "snakes" with a splinter.

Bank explosion.

For the experiment, they take a can of coffee (without a lid) with a capacity of 600-800 ml and punch a small hole in the bottom. The jar is placed on the table upside down and, having closed the hole with a damp piece of paper, a gas outlet tube from Kiryushkin's device for filling with hydrogen is brought from below ( the jar is filled with hydrogen for 30 seconds). Then the tube is removed, and the gas is ignited with a long splinter through the hole in the bottom of the jar. At first, the gas burns quietly, and then the buzz begins and an explosion occurs. The jar bounces high up and flames burst out. The explosion occurs because an explosive mixture has formed in the bank.

"Dance of the Butterflies".

For experience, “butterflies” are made in advance. The wings are cut out of tissue paper and glued to the body (fragments of a match or toothpick) for greater stability in flight.

A wide-mouthed jar is prepared, hermetically sealed with a stopper, into which a funnel is inserted. The diameter of the funnel at the top should be no more than 10 cm. Acetic acid CH 3 COOH is poured into the jar so much that the lower end of the funnel does not reach the surface of the acid by about 1 cm. Then, several tablets of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO 3) are thrown through a funnel into a jar of acid, and the "butterflies" are placed in a funnel. They begin to "dance" in the air.

"Butterflies" are kept in the air by a jet of carbon dioxide formed as a result of a chemical reaction between sodium bicarbonate and acetic acid:

NaHCO 3 + CH 3 COOH \u003d CH 3 COONa + CO 2 + H 2 O

Lead coat.

A human figure is cut out of a thin zinc plate, cleaned well and lowered into a glass with a solution of tin chloride SnCl 2 . A reaction begins, as a result of which the more active zinc displaces the less active tin from the solution:

Zn + SnCl 2 = ZnCl 2 + Sn

The zinc figurine begins to be covered with shiny needles.

Fire cloud.

Flour is sifted through a frequent sieve and flour dust is collected, which settles far along the sides of the sieve. It dries well. Then two full teaspoons of flour dust are introduced into a glass tube, closer to the middle, and shake it a little along the length of the tube by 20-25 cm.

Then the dust is strongly blown over the flame of an alcohol lamp placed on a demonstration table (the distance between the end of the tube and the alcohol lamp should be about one meter).

A "fiery" cloud is formed.

"Star Rain.

Take three teaspoons of iron powder, the same amount of pounded charcoal. All this is mixed and poured into a crucible. It is fixed in a tripod and heated on a spirit lamp. Soon the "starry" rain begins.

These incandescent particles are ejected from the crucible by carbon dioxide formed during the combustion of coal.

Changing the color of flowers.

In a large battery glass, a mixture is prepared from three parts of diethyl ether C 2 H 5 ─ O ─ C 2 H 5 and one part (by volume) of a strong solution of ammonia NH 3 ( there should be no fire nearby). Ether is added in order to facilitate the penetration of ammonia into the cells of the flower petal.

Individual flowers or a bunch of flowers are dipped into an ether-ammonia solution. This will change their color. Red, blue and purple flowers will turn green, white (white rose, chamomile) will turn dark, yellow will retain their natural color. The changed color is preserved by flowers for several hours, after which it turns into natural.

This is due to the fact that the color of fresh flower petals is caused by natural organic dyes, which have indicator properties and change their color in an alkaline (ammonia) environment.

List of used literature:

Shulgin G.B. This fascinating chemistry. M. Chemistry, 1984.

Shkurko M.I. Entertaining experiments in chemistry. Minsk. Narodnaya Asveta, 1968.

Aleksinsky V.N. Entertaining experiments in chemistry. A guide for the teacher. M. Education, 1980.

Helpful Hints

Children are always trying to find out something new every day and they always have a lot of questions.

They can explain some phenomena, or you can show how this or that thing, this or that phenomenon works.

In these experiments, children not only learn something new, but also learn create differentcrafts with which they can play further.

1. Experiments for children: lemon volcano

You will need:

2 lemons (for 1 volcano)

Baking soda

Food coloring or watercolors

Dishwashing liquid

Wooden stick or spoon (optional)

1. Cut off the bottom of the lemon so it can be placed on a flat surface.

2. On the reverse side, cut a piece of lemon as shown in the image.

* You can cut half a lemon and make an open volcano.

3. Take the second lemon, cut it in half and squeeze the juice out of it into a cup. This will be the backup lemon juice.

4. Place the first lemon (with the part cut out) on the tray and spoon "remember" the lemon inside to squeeze out some of the juice. It is important that the juice is inside the lemon.

5. Add food coloring or watercolor to the inside of the lemon, but do not stir.

6. Pour dishwashing liquid inside the lemon.

7. Add a full tablespoon of baking soda to the lemon. The reaction will start. With a stick or spoon, you can stir everything inside the lemon - the volcano will begin to foam.

8. To make the reaction last longer, you can gradually add more soda, dyes, soap and reserve lemon juice.

2. Home experiments for children: electric eels from chewing worms

You will need:

2 glasses

small capacity

4-6 chewable worms

3 tablespoons of baking soda

1/2 spoon of vinegar

1 cup water

Scissors, kitchen or clerical knife.

1. With scissors or a knife, cut lengthwise (just lengthwise - this will not be easy, but be patient) of each worm into 4 (or more) parts.

* The smaller the piece, the better.

* If scissors don't want to cut properly, try washing them with soap and water.

2. Mix water and baking soda in a glass.

3. Add pieces of worms to the solution of water and soda and stir.

4. Leave the worms in the solution for 10-15 minutes.

5. Using a fork, transfer the worm pieces to a small plate.

6. Pour half a spoon of vinegar into an empty glass and start putting worms in it one by one.

* The experiment can be repeated if the worms are washed with plain water. After a few attempts, your worms will begin to dissolve, and then you will have to cut a new batch.

3. Experiments and experiments: a rainbow on paper or how light is reflected on a flat surface

You will need:

bowl of water

Clear nail polish

Small pieces of black paper.

1. Add 1-2 drops of clear nail polish to a bowl of water. See how the varnish disperses through the water.

2. Quickly (after 10 seconds) dip a piece of black paper into the bowl. Take it out and let it dry on a paper towel.

3. After the paper has dried (it happens quickly) start turning the paper and look at the rainbow that is displayed on it.

* To better see the rainbow on paper, look at it under the sun's rays.

4. Experiments at home: a rain cloud in a jar

When small drops of water accumulate in a cloud, they become heavier and heavier. As a result, they will reach such a weight that they can no longer remain in the air and will begin to fall to the ground - this is how rain appears.

This phenomenon can be shown to children with simple materials.

You will need:

Shaving foam

Food coloring.

1. Fill the jar with water.

2. Apply shaving foam on top - it will be a cloud.

3. Let the child begin to drip food coloring onto the "cloud" until it starts to "rain" - drops of food coloring begin to fall to the bottom of the jar.

During the experiment, explain this phenomenon to the child.

You will need:

warm water

Sunflower oil

4 food coloring

1. Fill the jar 3/4 full with warm water.

2. Take a bowl and mix 3-4 tablespoons of oil and a few drops of food coloring in it. In this example, 1 drop of each of 4 dyes was used - red, yellow, blue and green.

3. Stir the dyes and oil with a fork.

4. Carefully pour the mixture into a jar of warm water.

5. Watch what happens - the food coloring will begin to slowly sink through the oil into the water, after which each drop will begin to disperse and mix with other drops.

* Food coloring dissolves in water, but not in oil, because. The density of oil is less than water (which is why it "floats" on water). A drop of dye is heavier than oil, so it will begin to sink until it reaches the water, where it begins to disperse and look like a small firework.

6. Interesting experiences: ina bowl in which colors merge

You will need:

- a printout of the wheel (or you can cut out your own wheel and draw all the colors of the rainbow on it)

Elastic band or thick thread

Glue stick

Scissors

A skewer or screwdriver (to make holes in the paper wheel).

1. Choose and print the two templates you want to use.

2. Take a piece of cardboard and use a glue stick to glue one template to the cardboard.

3. Cut out the glued circle from the cardboard.

4. Glue the second template to the back of the cardboard circle.

5. Use a skewer or screwdriver to make two holes in the circle.

6. Pass the thread through the holes and tie the ends into a knot.

Now you can spin your spinning top and watch how the colors merge on the circles.

7. Experiments for children at home: jellyfish in a jar

You will need:

Small transparent plastic bag

Transparent plastic bottle

Food coloring

Scissors.

1. Lay the plastic bag on a flat surface and smooth it out.

2. Cut off the bottom and handles of the bag.

3. Cut the bag lengthwise on the right and left so that you have two sheets of polyethylene. You will need one sheet.

4. Find the center of the plastic sheet and fold it like a ball to make a jellyfish head. Tie the thread around the "neck" of the jellyfish, but not too tight - you need to leave a small hole through which to pour water into the head of the jellyfish.

5. There is a head, now let's move on to the tentacles. Make cuts in the sheet - from the bottom to the head. You need about 8-10 tentacles.

6. Cut each tentacle into 3-4 smaller pieces.

7. Pour some water into the jellyfish's head, leaving room for air so the jellyfish can "float" in the bottle.

8. Fill the bottle with water and put your jellyfish in it.

9. Drop a couple of drops of blue or green food coloring.

* Close the lid tightly so that water does not spill out.

* Have the children turn the bottle over and watch the jellyfish swim in it.

8. Chemical experiments: magic crystals in a glass

You will need:

Glass cup or bowl

plastic bowl

1 cup Epsom salt (magnesium sulfate) - used in bath salts

1 cup hot water

Food coloring.

1. Pour Epsom salt into a bowl and add hot water. You can add a couple of drops of food coloring to the bowl.

2. Stir the contents of the bowl for 1-2 minutes. Most of the salt granules should dissolve.

3. Pour the solution into a glass or glass and place it in the freezer for 10-15 minutes. Don't worry, the solution isn't hot enough to crack the glass.

4. After freezing, move the solution to the main compartment of the refrigerator, preferably on the top shelf and leave overnight.

The growth of crystals will be noticeable only after a few hours, but it is better to wait out the night.

This is what the crystals look like the next day. Remember that crystals are very fragile. If you touch them, they are most likely to break or crumble immediately.

9. Experiments for children (video): soap cube

10. Chemical experiments for children (video): how to make a lava lamp with your own hands

Who loved chemistry labs at school? It is interesting, after all, it was to mix something with something and get a new substance. True, it didn’t always work out the way it was described in the textbook, but no one suffered about this, did they? The main thing is that something happens, and we saw it right in front of us.

If in real life you are not a chemist and do not face much more complex experiments every day at work, then these experiments that you can do at home will definitely amuse you, at least.

lava lamp

For experience you need:
– Transparent bottle or vase
— Water
- Sunflower oil
- Food coloring
- Several effervescent tablets "Suprastin"

Mix water with food coloring, pour sunflower oil. You don't need to mix, and you won't be able to. When a clear line between water and oil is visible, we throw a couple of Suprastin tablets into the container. Watching lava flows.

Since the density of oil is lower than that of water, it remains on the surface, with an effervescent tablet creating bubbles that carry water to the surface.

Elephant Toothpaste

For experience you need:
- Bottle
- small cup
— Water
- Dish detergent or liquid soap
- Hydrogen peroxide
- Fast acting nutritional yeast
- Food coloring

Mix liquid soap, hydrogen peroxide and food coloring in a bottle. In a separate cup, dilute the yeast with water and pour the resulting mixture into a bottle. We look at the eruption.

Yeast releases oxygen, which reacts with hydrogen and is pushed out. Due to the soap suds, a dense mass erupts from the bottle.

Hot Ice

For experience you need:
- container for heating
- Clear glass cup
- Plate
- 200 g baking soda
- 200 ml of acetic acid or 150 ml of its concentrate
- crystallized salt

We mix acetic acid and soda in a saucepan, wait until the mixture stops sizzling. We turn on the stove and evaporate excess moisture until an oily film appears on the surface. The resulting solution is poured into a clean container and cooled to room temperature. Then add a crystal of soda and watch how the water “freezes” and the container becomes hot.

Heated and mixed vinegar and soda form sodium acetate, which, when melted, becomes an aqueous solution of sodium acetate. When salt is added to it, it begins to crystallize and release heat.

rainbow in milk

For experience you need:
- Milk
- Plate
- Liquid food coloring in several colors
- cotton swab
— Detergent

Pour milk into a plate, drip dyes in several places. Wet a cotton swab in detergent, dip it into a bowl of milk. Let's see the rainbow.

In the liquid part there is a suspension of droplets of fat, which, when in contact with the detergent, split and rush from the inserted stick in all directions. A regular circle is formed due to surface tension.

Smoke without fire

For experience you need:
– Hydroperite
— Analgin
- Mortar and pestle (can be replaced with a ceramic cup and spoon)

The experiment is best done in a well-ventilated area.
We grind hydroperite tablets to a powder, we do the same with analgin. We mix the resulting powders, wait a bit, see what happens.

During the reaction, hydrogen sulfide, water and oxygen are formed. This leads to partial hydrolysis with the elimination of methylamine, which interacts with hydrogen sulfide, a suspension of its small crystals which resembles smoke.

pharaoh snake

For experience you need:
- Calcium gluconate
- Dry fuel
- Matches or lighter

We put several tablets of calcium gluconate on dry fuel, set fire to it. Let's look at the snakes.

Calcium gluconate decomposes when heated, which leads to an increase in the volume of the mixture.

non-newtonian fluid

For experience you need:

- mixing bowl
- 200 g corn starch
- 400 ml of water

Gradually add water to the starch and stir. Try to make the mixture homogeneous. Now try to roll the ball out of the resulting mass and hold it.

The so-called non-Newtonian fluid behaves like a solid body during fast interaction, and like a liquid during slow interaction.

Evening of entertaining chemistry

When preparing a chemical evening, careful preparation of the teacher for conducting experiments is required.

The evening should be preceded by long, careful work with students, and one student should not be assigned more than two experiments.

The purpose of the chemistry evening- repeat the knowledge gained, deepen students' interest in chemistry and instill in them practical skills in developing and implementing experiments.

Description of the main stages of the evening of entertaining chemistry

I. Introductory speech of the teacher on the topic "The role of chemistry in the life of society."

II. Entertaining experiments in chemistry.

Leading (the role of the leader is performed by one of the students of the 10-11th grade):

Today we are having an evening of entertaining chemistry. Your task is to carefully follow the chemical experiments and try to explain them. And so, we begin! Experience No. 1: "Volcano".

Experience number 1. Description:

A participant in the evening pours powdered ammonium dichromate (in the form of a slide) onto an asbestos net, puts several heads of matches on the upper part of the slide and sets them on fire with a splinter.

Note: The volcano will look even more spectacular if you add a little powdered magnesium to the ammonium dichromate. Mix the components of the mixture immediately, because. magnesium burns vigorously and being in one place causes the scattering of hot particles.

The essence of the experiment is the exothermic decomposition of ammonium dichromate under local heating.

There is no smoke without fire, says an old Russian proverb. It turns out that with the help of chemistry you can get smoke without fire. And so, attention!

Experience number 2. Description:

The participant of the evening takes two glass rods, on which a little cotton wool is wound, and wets them: one in concentrated nitric (or hydrochloric) acid, the other in an aqueous 25% ammonia solution. Sticks should be brought to each other. White smoke rises from the sticks.

The essence of the experience is the formation of nitrate (chloride) ammonium.

And now we present to your attention the following experience - “Shooting Paper”.

Experience number 3. Description:

The participant of the evening takes out pieces of paper on a sheet of plywood, touches them with a glass rod. When you touch each leaf, a shot is heard.

Note: narrow strips of filter paper are cut in advance and moistened in a solution of iodine in ammonia. After that, the strips are laid out on a sheet of plywood and left to dry until the evening. The shot is the stronger, the better the paper is impregnated with the solution and the more concentrated the solution of nitrogen iodide was.

The essence of the experiment is the exothermic decomposition of the fragile compound NI3*NH3.

I have an egg. Which one of you guys will peel it without breaking the shells?

Experience number 4. Description:

The participant of the evening places the egg in a crystallizer with a solution of hydrochloric (or acetic) acid. After a while, it pulls out an egg covered only with a shell membrane.

The essence of the experience is that the composition of the shell mainly includes calcium carbonate. In hydrochloric (acetic) acid, it turns into soluble calcium chloride (calcium acetate).

Guys, I have a figure of a man made of zinc in my hands. Let's dress him up.

Experience number 5. Description:

The participant of the evening lowers the figurine into a 10% lead acetate solution. The figurine is covered with a fluffy layer of lead crystals, reminiscent of fur clothes.

The essence of the experiment is that a more active metal displaces a less active metal from salt solutions.

Guys, is it possible to burn sugar without the help of fire? Let's check!

Experience number 6. Description:

The participant of the evening pours icing sugar (30 g) into a glass placed on a saucer, pours 26 ml of concentrated sulfuric acid into the same place and stirs the mixture with a glass rod. After 1-1.5 minutes, the mixture in the glass darkens, swells and rises above the edges of the glass in the form of a loose mass.

The essence of the experiment is that sulfuric acid removes water from sugar molecules, oxidizes carbon into carbon dioxide, and at the same time sulfur dioxide is formed. The released gases push the mass out of the glass.

What methods of making fire do you know?

Examples are given from the audience.

Let's try to do without these funds.

Experience number 7. Description:

A participant in the evening pours potassium permanganate (6 g) ground into powder on a piece of tin (or a tile) and drops glycerin on it from a pipette. After a while, a fire appears.

The essence of the experiment is that as a result of the reaction, atomic oxygen is released and glycerol ignites.

Other participant of the evening:

I will also get fire without matches, only in a different way.

Experience number 8. Description:

A participant in the evening sprinkles a small amount of potassium permanganate crystals on a brick and drips concentrated sulfuric acid on it. Around this mixture, he folds thin chips in the form of a fire, but so that they do not touch the mixture. Then he wets a small piece of cotton wool with alcohol and, holding his hand over the fire, squeezes a few drops of alcohol out of the cotton so that they fall on the mixture. The fire instantly lights up.

The essence of the experience is the vigorous oxidation of alcohol by oxygen, which is released during the interaction of sulfuric acid with potassium permanganate. The heat released during this reaction ignites the fire.

And now amazing lights!

Experience number 9. Description:

The participant of the evening puts cotton swabs moistened with ethyl alcohol into porcelain cups. On the surface of the tampons, he pours the following salts: sodium chloride, strontium nitrate (or lithium nitrate), potassium chloride, barium nitrate (or boric acid). On a piece of glass, the participant prepares a mixture (slurry) of potassium permanganate and concentrated sulfuric acid. He takes some of this mass with a glass rod and touches the surface of the tampons. Tampons flash and burn in different colors: yellow, red, purple, green.

The essence of the experience is that alkali and alkaline earth metal ions color the flame in different colors.

Dear children, I am so tired and hungry that I ask you to allow me to eat a little.

Experience number 10. Description:

The host addresses the participant of the evening:

Give me some tea and biscuits, please.

The participant of the evening gives the host a glass of tea and a white cracker.

The host moistens the cracker in tea - the cracker turns blue.

Leading :

Disgrace, you almost poisoned me!

Participant of the evening:

Excuse me, I must have mixed up the glasses.

The essence of the experiment - in the glass was a solution of iodine. The starch in the bread turned blue.

Guys, I received a letter, but there was a blank sheet of paper in the envelope. Who can help me find out what's wrong?

Experience number 11. Description:

A student from the audience (prepared in advance) touches a smoldering splinter to a pencil mark on a sheet of paper. The paper along the line of the drawing slowly burns out and the light, moving along the contour of the image, outlines it (the drawing can be arbitrary).

The essence of the experience is that the paper burns due to the oxygen of the saltpeter crystallized in its thickness.

Note: a drawing is preliminarily applied to a sheet of paper with a strong solution of potassium nitrate. It must be applied in one continuous line without intersections. From the outline of the drawing with the same solution, draw a line to the edge of the paper, marking its end with a pencil. When the paper dries, the pattern will become invisible.

Well, now, guys, let's move on to the second part of our evening. Chemical games!

III. Team games.

Participants of the evening are invited to break into groups. Each group takes part in the proposed game.

Game number 1. Chemical lotto.

The formulas of chemicals are written on the cards, laid out as in a regular loto, and the names of these substances are written on cardboard squares. The group members are given cards, and one of them pulls out the squares and names the substances. The winner is the member of the group who first closes all the fields of the card.

Game number 2. Chemical quiz.

A rope is stretched between the backs of two chairs. Sweets are tied to it on strings, to which pieces of paper with questions are attached. Group members take turns cutting candy with scissors. The player becomes the owner of the candy after answering the question attached to it.

The group members form a circle. They have chemical symbols and numbers in their hands. Two of the players are in the middle of the circle. On command, they make up the chemical formula of substances from the signs and numbers held by the other players. The participant who completes the formula the fastest wins.

The group members are divided into two teams. They are given cards with chemical formulas and numbers. They must write a chemical equation. The team that completes the equation first wins.

The evening ends with the presentation of prizes to the most active participants.