Laws on preschool educational institutions. Actions in case of lack of space for children in preschool

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The Federal Law of the Russian Federation "On Education" regulates the legal status of all educational organizations and individual entrepreneurs who provide training. The main goal of the Federal Law "On Education" is the implementation of the constitutional right of citizens of the Russian Federation to education and the protection of the interests of the individual, society and the state in the field of education. This law establishes the rights, obligations and measures of social security of teachers, students and their parents.

The federal law "On Education" defines the mechanisms and principles for citizens to receive an accessible, free and high-quality education and the procedure for admission to educational institutions. The federal law "On Education" establishes the levels of general education (preschool, primary, secondary, vocational, higher) and regulates the procedure for obtaining vocational and additional education.

The federal law "On Education" determines the powers of state authorities of the Russian Federation and local self-government, the procedure for state supervision in the field of education. For the first time, this Federal Law defines at the state level the specifics of education of citizens with outstanding abilities, foreigners, stateless persons and education of persons with disabilities.

Recent changes in the Law on Education

• Amendments to the Law on Education that came into force on January 1, 2016
• Amendments to the Law on Education that came into force on January 10, 2016
• Amendments to the Law on Education, which entered into force on March 13, 2016
• Amendments to the Law on Education that came into force on July 1, 2016
• Amendments to the Law on Education, which entered into force on January 1, 2017

Comments on the law

Chapter 1. General Provisions

Chapter 2. Education system

Chapter 3. Persons carrying out educational activities

Chapter 4. Students and their parents (legal representatives)

Chapter 5. Pedagogical, managerial and other employees of organizations engaged in educational activities

Chapter 6. Grounds for the emergence, change and termination of educational relations

Chapter 7. General Education

Chapter 8. Vocational Education

Chapter 9

Chapter 10

Chapter 11. Features of the implementation of certain types of educational programs and education by certain categories of students

Chapter 12. Management of the education system. State regulation of educational activities

Chapter 13. Economic activity and financial support in the field of education

Chapter 14. International cooperation in the field of education

Chapter 15. Final Provisions

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About the section "Law of the Russian Federation "On Education" (273-FZ)"

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New Education Law 2017

Strictly speaking, the new law on education in the Russian Federation of 2017 is the old law that has been in force since 2013, just slightly corrected and supplemented. It must be admitted that this law, based on the best traditions of Russian education, allows it to become more efficient and civilized.

How the new education law of 2017 was written

By 2009, the problem of legislation in the educational sphere became completely obvious. The then existing laws on education of 1992 and on higher education of 1996, firstly, put certain obstacles in the normal functioning of the entire educational sphere, and secondly, they are simply outdated and no longer meet the times. The reformist young president Dmitry Medvedev, who was also a former university lecturer, actively supported the idea of ​​a new law at the time, which began to be developed.

Fortunately, the work proceeded without undue fuss and haste, so the drafters of the law tried to make the best possible legal document, which would begin with the state strategy for education and end with the smallest nuances and practical aspects of the functioning of the system. As a result, the document was adopted at the end of 2012 and became effective from the next academic year - from September 1, 2013.

The practical implementation of the law helped to identify some of its rough edges, which have been corrected all these years, and taking into account the amendments of 2015 and 2016, the new law on education in 2017 became, according to experts, an almost ideal legal document in Russian conditions.

The main principles of the new law on education in the Russian Federation in 2017

The Law on Education brings complete clarity to any relationship between all participants in the educational process at all its stages - from elementary to postgraduate.

Primary education, according to the law, is completely free, and school education is budget-funded. By the way, pre-school education is now considered the first stage of primary education.

Local governments are obliged to ensure the admission of first-graders to schools, and if there are objectively no places in the school, local authorities must offer an alternative option that will be absolutely adequate and acceptable options for the parents of a first-grader.

At the level of the law, it is written that education should not mass-produce an average graduate. The law says that individual work with each student is required, the maximum disclosure of the potential of each.

The school teacher now receives a certain social status, and in order to confirm his qualifications, he must periodically undergo certification. He can also undergo certification voluntarily and improve his skills, additionally studying and raising the qualification level.

The results of the exam, according to the law, are valid for five years after passing the unified exam.

Studying at a secondary vocational school can be considered preparation for higher education in the future.

Higher education is becoming more accessible to preferential categories, however, without excesses. So, beneficiaries can study for free at preparatory courses before entering a university, but they will act on a general basis, with the exception made only for people with disabilities, who are assigned 10% of budget places in educational institutions.

The state regularly checks the activities of absolutely all licensed universities, state and non-state.

Thus, at least at the level of a legislative act, a very good and modern document is in force in Russia. Unfortunately, in practice, not everything is perfect yet, because in the end, the restructuring of consciousness is a process that requires some time, but progress in school education is definitely visible, and the system of encouraging teachers to self-development and modern methods of working with students should begin to bear fruit . As for higher education, unfortunately, Russian universities have long and deeply fallen in the world rankings, but instead of increasing the funding of higher education institutions, updating their material resources and working to improve the quality of the professorial staff, the state is engaged in endless optimization of this system , merges and abolishes universities, which hardly makes the system better and more modern.

The federal law on education in the Russian Federation is able to clarify any relationship between participants in the learning process. All articles and provisions of this act comply with the provisions of the Constitution of the Russian Federation and the spirit of the world community participating in the international educational system.

Federal Law of December 17, 2001 No. 173-FZ for gross violations of the constitutional rights of citizens of the Russian Federation, on not taking into account the length of service and training in vocational schools and the length of incoming training on a par with work, the law of November 20, 1990 (hereinafter referred to as the law 1990) "On state pensions in the Russian Federation" does not give an ambiguous interpretation and is subject to execution under the newly adopted Law No. 400-FZ and the length of service is considered in calendar order. Article 12. The procedure for calculating the length of service required for acquiring a labor pension is carried out in calendar order. 04/17/2013 D.A. Medvedev in his block summed up: Persons receiving vocational education receive it in the interests of the state and this is equated on a par with work - THIS IS YES.

The execution of Law No. 173-FZ for gross violations of the constitutional rights of citizens was withdrawn on December 28, 2013 and only the pension formula is subject to execution until the adoption of the New pension formula effective from January 2015. The reference to it No. 173-FZ, due to the failure to take into account the length of service, is not legitimate.

In the rule of law, the laws in force are subject to execution - THIS IS YES.

New law on education 2017 in Russia

To date, the educational process in each individual university is slightly different in terms of its funding, but some common features can still be noted. In this case, any educational institution is governed by the rules of the law on education, which is annually supplemented and updated by the government of the Russian Federation. What awaits this area in the coming year? For this, it is worth considering the new law on education 2017 in Russia.

Changes in the current law

The current law on education in the Russian Federation was adopted back in 2012, although it entered into force in 2013. It is designed to regulate the attitude of the public in the declared area, or rather, to realize the rights of every citizen of the state to study.

New changes in the current legislation were adopted not so long ago and will be valid from 2017.

According to the new law on education in Russia, the educational system is divided into two main parts: general and professional.

General education, in turn, has its own stages:

But vocational education also consists of several levels:

• secondary vocational;
• bachelor's degree (higher),
• specialist or master (higher),
• postgraduate (higher).

With the help of such a system, it is possible to create the necessary conditions for the implementation of a continuous learning schedule for both children and adults. Also, this program provides an opportunity to gain practical experience in a previously chosen specialty. In any case, every child receives free secondary education in the Russian Federation in 2017.

Methodical Teacher's Day

A teacher can be any person who has a secondary vocational or higher education, and also has the appropriate qualifications. The requirements for the noted paragraph are laid out in Article 46 of the noted law.

Each teacher has a whole list of responsibilities for providing students with a certain level of knowledge regarding their subject. Also, the teacher needs to follow the previously chosen learning model, conduct an intermediate test of knowledge using certification and tests.

In connection with the new requirements in the law on education in 2017, the work of a teacher should include:

individual approach to all students;

methodical, organizational, preparatory work, which are provided for by the current training plan;

creative, scientific and research work.

The teacher himself must determine his individual plan. For this, there are special methodological days when teachers adjust their work, draw up a plan, write down notes and draw up all the documentation necessary for the educational process. Throughout the school year, the teacher must make changes to his curriculum, if any. True, initially all changes in writing must be approved by the leadership of the educational institution.

Once every 5 years, each teacher must undergo certification, regardless of his marital status and status. To do this, the management of the educational institution must allocate a certain day to its employees, freeing them from the educational process.

New Article 273

All legal issues in the field of education are handled by a special federal executive body. It is with the help of the activities of such a body that the grounds for obtaining leave, reducing the number of employees, switching to another form of training, or changing the organization are established. In 2017, a large number of mandatory requirements regarding the educational process will be used as part of the Federal State Educational Standard.

Study schedule for 2017

With the help of the marked schedule for the selected period, the main forms of education throughout the academic year are called. At the same time, such a schedule is considered the main provision that regulates all points of the teacher's work activity.

Working programm

The new law in 2017 states that each student must faithfully complete the entire program, attend assigned classes and follow the previously selected study schedule. Also, do not forget about the rules and charter specified in the normative act of the educational institution. The student needs not only to regularly attend classes and study diligently, but also to monitor their health and respect the rights and freedoms of all other participants in the learning process.

For any violation of the rule, the directorate of the educational institution may introduce disciplinary measures: suspension from classes, or expulsion from studies. The characteristics of each individual case should be chosen by the organization itself on the basis of current legislation.

Responsibilities of the state

For its part, in 2017, the states undertake to provide each educational institution with special institutions of additional education or UOD. As an additional learning tool, students can use Wikipedia. Also on the net you can find many necessary textbooks, presentations and essays.

According to the new law on education for 2017, the state itself, the educational institution, his parents and himself are responsible for the education of each individual subject. It is only through the interaction of all these points that it is possible to bring up a normal educated person who will want to learn, and do everything possible so that this knowledge instills awareness and understanding in him.

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Rest in Gelendzhik in winter and summer, 2017

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Law on preschool education

In 2017, changes were made to improve the quality of education and the comfort level of pupils. The adoption of this bill is aimed at providing citizens with a sufficient number of places in kindergartens. This issue is quite acute today, because due to the inability to enroll a son or daughter in a preschool institution, thousands of Russian women cannot start working and raise the material level of their families.

Law on Preschool Education 2017

The adoption of the law involves a number of changes to the previously existing bill. The latest changes will help make preschool education more accessible and convenient for both children and their parents.

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Law on the Education of a Preschool Institution

This bill regulates all the subtleties of the work of kindergartens - from the recruitment of groups to the features of educational programs. The law grants the right to receive free pre-school education to absolutely all children, regardless of their place of residence and registration in the country.

Previously, only 40 percent of preschool children were given places in kindergartens. To date, it happens that the heads of preschool institutions refuse to accept the baby in the garden. Adoption law on the education of a preschool institution governs this issue. Until recently, it was easier to arrange a place in the garden from the age of three. At the same time, it is extremely difficult to decide in a nursery. Gradually, this situation will be resolved by introducing new places for children from one and a half years old on a paid basis.

From 2017, all children from the age of three to seven years old should be admitted to kindergarten if there are unoccupied places in the preschool institution.

Features that take into account the law on the education of a preschool institution

1. Kindergartens receive the right (and not only the obligation) to provide care, supervision of children in the institution and their upbringing.
2. The law provides for compensation for a fee of 20 percent for the first child, 50 for the second, 70 for the third, and all subsequent ones. Mandatory payment for services is regulated depending on the pricing in the market in full.

Law on the Education of a Preschool Institution

Who will receive preferential education in a preschool institution

1. Children whose parents are orphans or are without parental care at the age of 18-23.
2. Pupils whose parents are employees of the prosecutor's office, the Investigative Committee or the police.

Collection of the best materials on the topic

When will children be able to enroll in kindergarten?

It provides for granting the right to children from three to seven years old to study in preschool institutions free of charge. The opportunity to enroll in a kindergarten directly depends on the availability of places in the chosen institution. The workload and admission of children to groups is carried out taking into account the internal regulations of a particular children's organization.

Actions in case of lack of space for children

Law on Preschool Education 2017 gives the family of the child to write a special application for the purpose of registering the baby in another kindergarten. If a parent is denied admission to their children, they can write a complaint to the City Education Department. This application must be considered and an appropriate decision taken.

If in this department the parents receive a refusal to register the child in a preschool institution, you can go to the prosecutor's office or write a letter to the President to get help in resolving the controversial situation.

• Certain categories of citizens will have the opportunity to send their children to kindergarten without having to stand in line to get a place.
• Law on the Education of a Preschool Institution

In 2017, amendments were made to the Law on the Education of a Preschool Institution that contribute to improving the quality of education and the comfort level of pupils. The adoption of this bill is aimed at providing citizens with a sufficient number of places in kindergartens.

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"Consultation for teachers "Law on preschool education. Changes""

Law on preschool education

In 2017, amendments were made to the Law on the Education of a Preschool Institution that contribute to improving the quality of education and the comfort level of pupils. The adoption of this bill is aimed at providing citizens with a sufficient number of places in kindergartens. This issue is quite acute today, because due to the inability to enroll a son or daughter in a preschool institution, thousands of Russian women cannot start working and raise the material level of their families. Law on Preschool Education 2017 The adoption of the law involves a number of changes to the previously existing bill. The latest changes will help make preschool education more accessible and convenient for both children and their parents.

The law provides for the solution of the main issues related to:

sending children to preschool institutions,

the right to receive certain services,

actions in case of lack of places in the selected garden.

Knowing all the intricacies of the new bill will help parents quickly navigate a controversial situation and know the procedure for successfully resolving them. Innovations also touched upon the procedure for admitting children to preschool institutions, the age at which children are enrolled in kindergarten, and the possibility of obtaining a place in an institution on a preferential basis. Educators will also be able to learn about their rights to provide a certain range of educational and educational services. The bill is aimed at correcting shortcomings in the system of preschool education in order to improve the overall functioning of this area.

Law on the Education of a Preschool Institution

This bill regulates all the subtleties of the work of kindergartens - from the recruitment of groups to the features of educational programs. The law grants the right to receive free pre-school education to absolutely all children, regardless of their place of residence and registration in the country. Previously, only 40 percent of preschool children were given places in kindergartens. To date, it happens that the heads of preschool institutions refuse to accept the baby in the kindergarten. The adoption of the law on the education of preschool institutions regulates this issue. Until recently, it was easier to arrange a place in the garden from the age of three. At the same time, it is extremely difficult to decide in a nursery. Gradually, this situation will be resolved by introducing new places for children from one and a half years old on a paid basis. From 2017, all children from the age of three to seven should be admitted to kindergarten if there are unoccupied places in the preschool institution

Features that take into account the law on the education of a preschool institution

In 2017, amendments were made to the bill, which provide for the regulation of the following issues.

The total number of permanent detention groups in kindergartens will be reduced by 1.5 times.

Parents will have the opportunity to send their children to training groups that operate exclusively on the basis of educational, absolutely free of charge.

Special counseling centers will start working. In them, families who need support will be able to receive psychological, pedagogical and advisory assistance.

Kindergartens receive the right (and not only the obligation) to provide care, supervision of children in the institution and their upbringing. The law provides for compensation for a fee of 20 percent for the first child, 50 for the second, 70 for the third, and all subsequent ones.

Mandatory payment for services is regulated depending on the pricing in the market in full.

Kindergartens receive the right to refuse to provide places for babies aged one and a half, two, three years and older in case of their absence.

Parents of pupils have the right to queue for a free place in another preschool institution.

Law on the Education of a Preschool Institution provides in the future for the possibility of obtaining the right for families of children to invite caregivers to the home for one and a half year old pupils. It is planned to create pre-school groups at schools, as well as increase the number of private kindergartens.

Who will receive preferential education in a preschool institution Innovations in the legislation provide for the design of a place in the garden without the need to stand in line for the following persons.

Orphans, adopted children, as well as those who are under guardianship or left without parental care.

Pupils whose families have suffered due to the disaster at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant.

Children whose parents are orphans or are without parental care at the age of 18-23.

Pupils whose parents are employees of the prosecutor's office, the Investigative Committee or the police.

Disabled parents, single mothers, large families, children of kindergarten workers, children with a brother or sister studying in this institution can also receive registration without a queue.

Children whose parents serve in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.

When will children be able to enroll in kindergarten?

The Law on Preschool Education 2017 provides for the right of children from three to seven years old to study in preschool institutions free of charge. The opportunity to enroll in a kindergarten directly depends on the availability of places in the chosen institution. The workload and admission of children to groups is carried out taking into account the internal regulations of a particular children's organization.

Actions in case of lack of space for children

Law on Preschool Education 2017 gives the family of the child to write a special application for the purpose of registering the baby in another kindergarten. If a parent is denied admission to their children, they can write a complaint to the City Education Department. This application must be considered and an appropriate decision taken. If in this department the parents receive a refusal to register the child in a preschool institution, you can go to the prosecutor's office or write a letter to the President to get help in resolving the controversial situation.

Innovations that provide for amendments to the legislation guarantee significant changes in the field of preschool education.

By reducing the number of children in groups, it becomes possible to provide an individual approach to each child, and the burden on educators is reduced.

Law on the Education of a Preschool Institution regulates the age of admission to kindergarten, as well as the need for reform in the nursery.

Changes in legislation guarantee an increase in commercial kindergartens, in which there will certainly be enough places for all pupils. Parents do not have to stand in line for years to go to work and provide quality care for their baby.

Compliance with the rules and regulations that are provided for by current legislation guarantees an uninterrupted educational process in both public and private kindergartens. The bill regulates the basic norms of preschool education, which must be followed by all institutions.

Target Audience: Preschoolers

Consultation for teachers "Law on preschool education. Changes"

The development of educational programs of preschool education is not accompanied by intermediate certification and final certification of pupils. The standard should normatively provide state guarantees of equal opportunities for each child in receiving preschool education.

The new law "On Education" spells out state guarantees for the "mandatory nature of preschool education." Clause 3. Article 5 of Chapter 1 interprets: “In the Russian Federation, accessibility and free of charge in accordance with the federal state educational standards of preschool, primary general, basic general and secondary general education are guaranteed ...”, etc.

This is not an obligation for all children to go to preschool, but a guarantee of the state that it assumes obligations and officially fixes this in law - to provide everyone with a full-fledged preschool education. "The parent himself will decide where to send his child to the preschool , family group, non-governmental institution or will be its

educate yourself. Preschool education can be carried out both in a preschool institution and in the form of family education. In accordance with paragraph 3 of Article 64 of Chapter 1, “parents (legal representatives) of underage students who provide children with preschool education in the form of family education have the right to receive methodological, psychological and pedagogical, diagnostic and advisory assistance free of charge, including in preschool educational organizations and general educational organizations, if they have established appropriate counseling centers. Ensuring the provision of such types of assistance is carried out by state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

According to the new Law "On Education", preschool education is separated from supervision and care of children. Supervision and care of children can be carried out not only by educational organizations, but also by other organizations engaged in educational activities. Babysitting and childcare is a set of measures for catering and household services for children, ensuring that they observe personal hygiene and daily routine.

Pre-school education is free, while child care and supervision becomes paid. The amount will depend on the founder of the kindergarten. At the same time, the founder has the right not to charge a fee or reduce its amount for certain categories of parents. For supervision and care of disabled children, orphans and children left without parental care, as well as for children with tuberculosis intoxication studying in state and municipal educational institutions, parental fees are not charged. At the same time, the norms for compensating part of the parental fee remain: at least 20% of the average parental fee for the first child, at least 50% for the second child, and at least 70% of the amount of such a fee for the third child and subsequent children.

The entry into force of the new Law caused the appearance of another regulatory document: in accordance with Part 2 of Article 13, the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation published the "Procedure for the organization and implementation of educational activities in general educational programs of preschool education." This normative act establishes the rules for the organization and implementation of educational activities both for preschool organizations and for other organizations implementing preschool education programs or caring for children.

So, dear colleagues, we are entering a new academic year with a new Law. I congratulate you on the beginning of the academic year and wish you creative, fruitful success in implementing the Law for the benefit of the younger generation!

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Parent meeting "New Law" On Education ". Changes in the legislative framework of a preschool institution”

Parent meeting New law on education. Changes in the legislative framework of a preschool institution

From January 1, 2014, paragraphs 3 and 6 of part 1 of Article 8, as well as paragraph 1 of part 1 of Article 9 come into force.

Levels of education

preschool education

primary general education

basic general education

secondary general education

For the first time, pre-school education is recognized as an independent level of general education, which means that it must now work in accordance with the standard. (Article 10, part 4).

Federal state educational standards are approved for all levels of general education (Article 5, part 3, including for preschool.

Education

Education and training in the interests of the individual, society and the state

(LAW ON EDUCATION, 1992, 1996)

A single purposeful process of education and training, which is a socially significant good and is carried out in the interests of a person, family, society and the state, as well as a set of acquired knowledge, skills, values, experience and competence of a certain volume and complexity for the purposes of intellectual, spiritual -moral, creative, physical and professional development of a person, satisfaction of his educational needs and interests.

(NEW LAW ON EDUCATION, 2013, CHAPTER 1, ART. 2)

1. The right of every person to education is guaranteed in the Russian Federation.

2. The right to education in the Russian Federation is guaranteed REGARDLESS of gender, race, nationality, language, origin, property, social origin, place of residence, attitude to religion, beliefs, membership in public associations (Chapter 1, Article 5, paragraphs 1, 2)

The new law "On Education" spells out state guarantees for the "mandatory nature of preschool education." Clause 3. Article 5 of Chapter 1 interprets: “In the Russian Federation, accessibility and free of charge are guaranteed in accordance with the federal state educational standards of preschool, primary general, basic general and secondary general education ...”, etc.

This is not an obligation for all children to go to preschool, but a guarantee of the state that it assumes obligations and officially fixes this in law - to provide everyone with a full-fledged preschool education. "The parent himself will decide where to send his child to the preschool , a family group, a non-governmental institution, or will educate him independently.

Preschool education can be carried out both in a preschool institution and in the form of family education.

In accordance with paragraph 3 of Article 64 of Chapter 7, “parents (legal representatives) of minors who provide children with preschool education in the form of family education have the right to receive methodological, psychological-pedagogical, diagnostic and advisory assistance free of charge, including in preschool educational organizations and general educational organizations, if they have established appropriate counseling centers. Ensuring the provision of such types of assistance is carried out by state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

According to the new Law "On Education", preschool education is separated from supervision and care of children. Supervision and care of children can be carried out not only by educational organizations, but also by other organizations engaged in educational activities. Babysitting and childcare is a set of measures for catering and household services for children, ensuring that they observe personal hygiene and daily routine. Pre-school education is free, while child care and supervision becomes paid. The amount will depend on the founder of the kindergarten. At the same time, the founder has the right not to charge a fee or reduce its amount for certain categories of parents. For supervision and care of disabled children, orphans and children left without parental care, as well as for children with tuberculosis intoxication studying in state and municipal educational institutions, parental fees are not charged. At the same time, the norms for compensating part of the parental fee remain: at least 20% of the average parental fee for the first child, at least 50% for the second child, at least 70% of the amount of such fee for the third child and subsequent children

Federal state educational standard

On August 28, 2013, the Council of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation on Federal State Standards approved the Federal State Educational Standard for Preschool Education (FSES DO).

Why do we need a standard

This is a requirement of the Law on Education in the Russian Federation, which entered into force on September 1, 2013. For the first time, pre-school education is recognized as an independent level of general education, which means that it must now work in accordance with the standard. FGT imposed requirements on the structure and conditions for the implementation of the main educational program, the Federal State Educational Standards of DO also impose requirements on the results of mastering the main educational program, and this is a fundamental innovation. One of the requirements of the standard is to move away from the academic system. The child must master the ability to live in peace with himself, gain the skills of individual work and group interaction in the game, learn to learn. It is at preschool age that the basic personality traits are formed, key social skills - multiculturalism, respect for other people, adherence to democratic values, a healthy and safe lifestyle. Therefore, one of the most important tasks of preschool education is to initiate the formation of a child's self-identification in the world around him: with his family, region, country.

The standard has the following objectives

ensuring by the state of equal opportunities for each child in obtaining a quality preschool education;

Providing state guarantees of the level and quality of education based on the unity of mandatory requirements for the conditions for the implementation of basic educational programs, their structure and the results of their development;

Preservation of the unity of the educational space of the Russian Federation regarding the level of preschool education.

Based on the standards, the main educational program of preschool education of the PEP DO is being developed, which will determine the set of basic characteristics of preschool education (volume, content and planned results in the form of targets (and not ZUN or integrative qualities) of preschool education, organizational and pedagogical conditions of the pedagogical process. The program is approved organization independently (Article 12.6 of the Law "On Education in the Russian Federation").

Interaction between family and preschool institution

Parents have the primary responsibility for the upbringing and development of the child, whose best interests should be the parent's primary concern.

Convention on the Rights of the Child (Article 18)

“Parents (legal representatives) of underage students (pupils) have a preferential right to educate and educate children over all other persons. They are obliged to lay the foundations for the physical, moral and intellectual development of the child's personality.

(Article 44, part 1)

"Government and local authorities, educational organizations provide assistance to parents (legal upbringing of children, protection and strengthening of their physical and mental health, development of individual abilities and the necessary correction of violations of their development."

(Article 44, part 2)

For failure to fulfill or improper fulfillment of the duties of raising children, parents can be held liable for various types of legal liability:

Administrative (Article 5.35 of the Code of the Russian Federation on Administrative Offenses (“Failure by parents or other legal representatives of minors to fulfill their obligations to support and educate minors”);

Civil Law (Articles 1073 - 1075 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation);

Family law (Article 69 "Deprivation of parental rights", Article 73 "Restriction of parental rights" of the Family Code of the Russian Federation);

Criminal (Article 156 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation "Failure to fulfill the obligations of raising a minor")

For non-fulfillment or improper fulfillment of the obligations established by this Federal Law and other Federal Laws, parents (legal representatives) of underage students are liable under the legislation of the Russian Federation. (Law “On Education”, Chapter 4, Article 44)

Family is happiness, love and luck.

Family is summer trips to the country.

Family is a holiday, family dates,

Gifts, purchases, pleasant spending.

The birth of children, the first step, the first babble,

Dreams of good, excitement and awe,

Family is work, caring for each other,

Family is a lot of homework

Family is important!

Family is hard!

And it is impossible to live happily alone!

for your attention!

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August conference

“Changes in the activities of a preschool educational organization within the framework of the new law “On Education of the Russian Federation”

Ivanova O. G., head of MADOU No. 2

Hello, dear colleagues, today, in connection with the adoption of a new law on the education of the Russian Federation, we are faced with a difficult task, to determine the prospects for the development of a preschool educational institution.

The law is a normative act that establishes the legal basis for the functioning of the education system and, with the exception of certain provisions, comes into force on September 1, 2013.

The federal law enshrined a new classification of educational institutions and before January 1, 2016, preschool institutions should be renamed preschool organizations, the main purpose of which is the implementation of educational programs for preschool education, child care and supervision.

The most significant change regarding pre-school education is that it becomes the first stage of general education. Accordingly, there will be changed requirements for it, biting the quality and accessibility of preschool education, which are reflected in federal state educational standards and are not accompanied by intermediate and final certification of students.

Understanding the importance of the upcoming work and the short time frame in which changes are needed, our teaching staff has already developed the main general educational program for preschool education, which is built on the basis of the exemplary basic educational program "From birth to school" edited by Veraks N. E, Komarova T. S. and Vasilyeva M.A. The program takes into account federal state requirements for the structure of the main general education program adopted by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation on November 23, 2009. The program has a review of the NMC and is included in the license for educational activities.

For the new academic year, we set ourselves the task of modernizing the existing program, taking into account federal state educational standards and in accordance with the list of exemplary basic educational programs included in the unified register of the state information system.

According to article 91 of the new law on education, all educational organizations operate on the basis of a license. Today, we, like all preschool organizations in the city, have a license for educational and medical and pharmaceutical activities, but in order to comply with the law on education, these licenses must be reissued by January 1, 2016 and a new name of organizations must be entered.

Article 20 clearly spells out the forms, procedure and conditions for innovative and experimental detail in the field of education. On the basis of our kindergarten, two experimental sites have been created:

1. Regional platform on the topic "Formation of physical culture and healthy lifestyle among pupils in the context of network interaction of preschool educational institutions"

2. city platform on the topic "Children's journalism as a means of improving the cognitive and speech development of preschoolers"

According to article 54 of the new law on education, organizations have the right to provide paid additional services. Our kindergarten has experience in this area. All services are included in the charter of the institution, prices are set for them by a resolution of the city administration and services are provided on the basis of agreements with the parents (legal representatives) of the pupils.

Another way for us to attract extrabudgetary funds is to participate in grants, projects and competitions. During the year, our teaching staff participated in

• regional competition of health-saving programs and methodological developments "School of Health"
• in the All-Russian competition "Days of protection from environmental hazards"
• in the regional competition "New Wave" and many others
• the kindergarten was included in the social program of the New Eurasia Foundation and the SUEK-to-Regions Foundation.

Winning these competitions will help improve the quality of the educational process through the introduction of new methods and technologies.

In the new law on education, much attention is paid to the rights and obligations of teachers. The responsibility of teachers for the final result of the educational process is increasing; to solve this problem, they will have to work more actively with parents to solve the problem of kindergarten attendance, since this problem is relevant for most preschool organizations.

According to Article 99, the wages of teachers should correspond to the average wages in the constituent entity of the Russian Federation. Since January 2013, an increase in the salaries of teachers has been made, which today is 21,701 rubles, and we can say that this article of the law is being fully implemented.

The educational process in a preschool organization is carried out on the basis of federal legislation, however, the procedure and content of these local acts were not regulated. In accordance with Articles 26 and 30 of the new law on education, clear requirements will be established for the content and procedure for adopting local acts of an educational organization. Which will necessitate changes.

Much attention is paid to public control bodies, which are actively involved in the management of the organization. In our kindergarten, it is the supervisory board, whose activities are regulated by the charter and regulations.

The Supervisory Board includes representatives of the teaching staff, the public, the education department and parents. Meetings are held quarterly, where a report on the activities of the institution is presented, prices for paid services are approved, and issues of financing and financial and economic activities are resolved. The competence of the Supervisory Board also includes assessing the quality of the work of the teaching staff.

In accordance with Article 29 of the Law “On Education”, we post all information about our activities on the website, where more than 80 articles and documents were published during this academic year in accordance with the Rules for posting information on the official website of an educational organization on the Internet.

For preschool educational organizations, the financing system will change significantly. Funding is now clearly delineated in the following areas: educational activities and care and attention. Preschool education is financed by analogy with school education - by local governments and state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Parents pay for supervision and care.

Today, parents pay only the cost of feeding their children, while at the same time, according to Article 65, they receive compensation for part of the parental fees, depending on the number of children in the family, and from January 1, 2014, the parental fee will include the costs of maintaining children in a preschool organization.

According to Article 8 of the Law on Education, large financial support is provided to private preschool educational organizations with a subsidy for reimbursement of costs, including labor costs, the purchase of benefits, etc. In this regard, it is necessary to intensify work to expand the list of alternative forms of preschool education.

Dear colleagues! The legislator has clearly set the deadlines for the implementation of the provisions of the new federal law, which is our plan of action to comply with the legislation in the field of education, we will have to:

1. Make changes to the name and Statutes of educational organizations no later than January 1, 2016.

2. Make appropriate changes to the licenses for educational and medical-pharmaceutical activities by January 1, 2016.

Despite the fact that organizational measures in connection with the adoption of a new law on education in the Russian Federation have been minimized to the extent possible, it is necessary to start work on changes in accordance with the law today.

In conclusion, I would like to congratulate everyone on the new academic year, I wish all of us smart children, understanding parents and creative teachers.

Thank you for your attention.

Material nsportal.ru

Article 23 Law on Education in the Russian Federation (New!). Types of educational organizations

Article 23. Types of educational organizations

1. Educational organizations are divided into types in accordance with educational programs, the implementation of which is the main goal of their activities.

2. In the Russian Federation, the following types of educational organizations are established that implement the main educational programs:

1) preschool educational organization - an educational organization that, as the main goal of its activities, carries out educational activities in educational programs of preschool education, childcare and care;

2) general educational organization - an educational organization that, as the main goal of its activity, carries out educational activities in educational programs of primary general, basic general and (or) secondary general education;

3) professional educational organization - an educational organization that, as the main goal of its activities, carries out educational activities in educational programs of secondary vocational education and (or) in vocational training programs;

4) educational organization of higher education - an educational organization that, as the main goal of its activities, carries out educational activities in educational programs of higher education and scientific activities.

3. In the Russian Federation, the following types of educational organizations are established that implement additional educational programs:

1) organization of additional education - an educational organization that, as the main goal of its activities, carries out educational activities in additional general educational programs;

2) organization of additional vocational education - an educational organization that, as the main goal of its activities, carries out educational activities for additional professional programs.

4. Educational organizations specified in parts 2 and 3 of this article have the right to carry out educational activities in the following educational programs, the implementation of which is not the main goal of their activities:

1) preschool educational organizations - additional general developmental programs;

2) general education organizations - educational programs of preschool education, additional general education programs, vocational training programs;

3) professional educational organizations - basic general education programs, additional general education programs, additional professional programs;

4) educational organizations of higher education - basic general education programs, educational programs of secondary vocational education, vocational training programs, additional general education programs, additional professional programs;

5) organizations of additional education - educational programs of preschool education, vocational training programs;

6) organizations of additional vocational education - training programs for scientific and pedagogical personnel, residency programs, additional general education programs, vocational training programs.

5. The name of the educational organization must contain an indication of its organizational and legal form and the type of educational organization.

6. The name of the educational organization may use names that indicate the features of the educational activities being carried out (the level and focus of educational programs, the integration of various types of educational programs, the content of the educational program, special conditions for their implementation and (or) special educational needs of students), as well as additionally functions performed related to the provision of education (maintenance, treatment, rehabilitation, correction, psychological and pedagogical support, boarding school, research, technological activities and other functions) .

More info www.zakonrf.info

About changes in the new law on education

The Law "On Education in the Russian Federation" combined two existing laws "On Education" and "On Higher and Postgraduate Education", as well as a number of existing regulatory legal acts in the field of education. New in this law touched all levels. In the conceptual apparatus

A number of new concepts have been introduced: an educational organization, an organization that provides training, organizations that carry out educational activities; relations in the field of education, participants in educational relations, participants in relations in the field of education; conflict of interests of a teacher; other.

In preschool education

Preschool education becomes an independent level of education and is regulated by federal state educational standards. teaching a child in kindergarten will be free, and you will have to pay for supervision and care. The fee is determined by the founder.

Low-income parents, by decision of the founder, may pay less or not pay at all. Disabled children, orphans and tuberculosis patients are exempted from the fee.

In the field of general secondary education

The powers of regional state authorities and local self-government bodies to ensure guarantees of the rights of citizens to receive public and free preschool education are being redistributed. The closure of a rural school can only happen with the approval of the village assembly.

The names of types and types of educational organizations are changing. There is no mention of gymnasiums and lyceums in the law. The specialization of an educational institution may be indicated in its name.

The right of preferential entry into the first cash desks is given to those who live in the territory to which the school is attached.

In schools with in-depth study of any subjects, admission will be made individually in the middle and senior classes.

The features of education by foreigners and stateless persons, convicts are determined.

Separately, the right of the child to a quality inclusive education according to adapted programs is spelled out. Schools that will introduce inclusive programs are obliged to create conditions for children with disabilities to receive a quality education without discrimination.

The concept of "safety of the school environment" has been introduced, which simplifies the presentation of claims against the school due to an accident with a student.

Learn more about disciplinary measures. Students will be subject to more stringent discipline and performance requirements, up to and including expulsion from school, incl. and in case of non-fulfillment by the student of the obligations for the conscientious development of the educational program and the implementation of the curriculum.

The concepts of network and e-learning are given, which can be used at all levels of education.

The results of the exam will be valid for 4 years.

The law enshrined the principle of the secular nature of education in public schools and the practice of teaching ORSE. Religious organizations received the right to check the curriculum for compliance with the dogma, as well as to recommend their teachers to work in schools.

Separate articles are devoted to the status of a teacher and leader. The rights, duties and responsibilities of teachers are also regulated in more detail.

As for teachers' remuneration, according to the law, it cannot be lower than the average salary in the respective region. Course retraining teacher must take place every 3 years, and not every 5 years.

In secondary vocational education

Vocational schools offering initial vocational education programs will be closed.

Educational institutions received the right to introduce integrated educational programs and provide both school and vocational education.

It is allowed to select students for creative educational institutions according to their abilities immediately after they graduate from elementary school, and upon graduation, give them not only a certificate, but also a diploma of secondary vocational education.

In higher education

According to the new law on education, there should be at least 800 public sector students for every 10,000 people aged 17 to 30.

Privileges for entering a university are being reduced, and instead, certain categories of beneficiaries are given the opportunity to study free of charge at preparatory courses. Disabled children who did not fall into the quota, as well as orphans, disabled people of groups I and II, young people under 20 years old with a single parent with a disability of group I, Chernobyl victims, children of military personnel receive the right to free education at preparatory courses (only once) , employees of internal affairs bodies and other law enforcement agencies.

It will be possible to enter a university only according to the results of the Unified State Examination, with the exception of Moscow State University, St. Petersburg State University (as well as several other federal universities), where you will have to take additional exams.

Winners and prize-winners of Olympiads are entitled to enter the university without entrance examinations. For admission "on the budget" out of competition for children with disabilities, a quota of -10% of the total number of budget places in a particular direction (specialization) is established, subject to their successful completion of entrance examinations.

Beneficiaries are also provided with priority accommodation in a student dormitory, and they are exempt from accommodation fees. For other students, the educational organization itself decides on the establishment of fees. In military universities, the priority right to enter, other things being equal, is granted to "children of citizens undergoing military service under a contract and having a total duration of military service of twenty years or more."

The law obliges all universities to participate in the monitoring of the Ministry of Education and Science.

From September 1, 2013, a new law on education in Russia comes into force Consultant Plus

Federal Law No. 273-FZ of December 29, 2012 "On Education in the Russian Federation"

The law determines the levels of general education (preschool education, primary general education, basic general education, secondary general education) and the levels of vocational education (secondary vocational education, higher education - bachelor's degree; higher education - specialist, master's degree; higher education - training of highly qualified personnel) . Another level of higher education is being introduced - the training of highly qualified personnel, which includes training programs for scientific and pedagogical personnel, residency programs, and assistant-internship programs.

Along with the main educational programs in the field of education, there are also additional educational programs of various directions and degrees of complexity, formed taking into account the age characteristics, interests, abilities, level of education and professional qualifications of students.

The law expands the circle of subjects entitled to conduct educational activities, including the legal possibilities for access of "non-educational" organizations to educational activities. In addition, the law has a separate article dedicated to the regulation of the legal status of individual entrepreneurs engaged in educational activities.

The law now also regulates the provision of scholarships to students of educational institutions of vocational education.

The Law has separate provisions on:

Credit-modular system of organization of the educational process and the system of credits;

Network interaction in the implementation of educational programs, including the mechanism for offsetting the results of mastering certain parts of the educational program in third-party organizations;

The use of distance learning technologies in the educational process;

Training in integrated educational programs;

Educational and information resources in the educational process, etc.

The conditions for conducting experimental and innovative activities in the field of education are regulated. In addition, models of economic activity in the field of education have been updated.

From the date of entry into force of the new Law, the Law of the Russian Federation "On Education" and the Federal Law "On Higher and Postgraduate Vocational Education" are recognized as invalid. For certain provisions of the new Law, other terms for their entry into force have been established.

Simultaneously with the entry into force of the new Law, a number of by-laws adopted in accordance with it come into force. Among them, in particular:

Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of August 15, 2013 N 706 "On approval of the Rules for the provision of paid educational services";

Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of April 24, 2013 N 370 "On approval of the Rules for payment for the services of experts and expert organizations and reimbursement of expenses incurred by them in connection with the accreditation examination";

Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of May 24, 2013 N 438 "On the state information system" Register of organizations engaged in educational activities for state-accredited educational programs ";

Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 10, 2013 N 582 "On approval of the Rules for posting on the official website of an educational organization in the information and telecommunication network "Internet" and updating information about an educational organization";

Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 20, 2013 N 611 "On approval of the Rules for confirming documents on education and (or) qualifications";

Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 25, 2013 N 627 "On approval of the requirements for the implementation of state control (supervision) in the field of education over the activities of educational organizations implementing educational programs containing information constituting a state secret";

Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 08.08.2013 N 678 "On approval of the nomenclature of positions of teaching staff of organizations engaged in educational activities, positions of heads of educational organizations";

Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia dated March 6, 2013 N 160 "On approval of the Procedure for the creation in educational organizations implementing educational programs of higher education, scientific organizations and other organizations engaged in scientific (research) activities, laboratories engaged in scientific (research) and ( or) scientific and technical activity";

Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia dated March 15, 2013 N 185 "On Approval of the Procedure for Applying to Students and Removing Disciplinary Measures from Students";

Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia dated April 18, 2013 N 292 "On Approval of the Procedure for Organization and Implementation of Educational Activities in Basic Vocational Training Programs";

Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia dated 06.06.2013 N 443 "On approval of the Procedure and cases of transition of persons studying in educational programs of secondary vocational and higher education from paid education to free education";

Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia dated June 13, 2013 N 455 "On approval of the Procedure and grounds for granting academic leave to students";

Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia dated June 14, 2013 N 462 "On approval of the procedure for conducting self-examination by an educational organization";

Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia dated June 14, 2013 N 464 "On approval of the Procedure for organizing and implementing educational activities in educational programs of secondary vocational education", etc.

Date of publication on the site: 01/04/2013

Law on Education: Features of Preschool Education Regulation | Articles | Directory of the head of the preschool institution

At the end of 2012, a new Federal Law "On Education in the Russian Federation" was adopted, which will enter into force in September 2013. How does it differ from the current normative act? What's new in the regulation of preschool education?

The new law on education is quite different from the old one. The provisions of the Law of the Russian Federation "On Education" concerned mainly managerial and financial-economic relations in the field of education. The federal law "On Education in the Russian Federation" regulates not only these relations, but also the content of education (including establishing requirements for educational programs and standards), and also regulates in more detail the rights and responsibilities of participants in the educational process.

In accordance with the new law, education in the Russian Federation is divided into general education, vocational education, additional education and vocational training. At the same time, general education and vocational education are implemented at several levels. In particular, general education includes:

• preschool education;
• basic general education;
• secondary general education.

Thus, pre-school education is now one of the levels of general education. The development of educational programs of preschool education is regulated by federal state educational standards, but is not accompanied by intermediate certification and final certification of students.

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Source www.resobr.ru

I. General provisions

1. This Model Regulation regulates the activities of state and municipal preschool educational institutions of all types.

2. For non-state preschool educational institutions, this Model Regulation is exemplary.

3. Preschool educational institution - a type of educational institution that implements the main general educational program of preschool education.

The state status of a preschool educational institution (the type, type and category of an educational institution, determined in accordance with the level and direction of the educational programs it implements) is established upon its state accreditation, unless otherwise provided by federal laws.

A preschool educational institution provides education, training and development, as well as supervision, care and rehabilitation of children aged 2 months to 7 years.

4. A preschool educational institution creates conditions for the realization of the right guaranteed to citizens of the Russian Federation to receive public and free preschool education.

5. The main tasks of a preschool educational institution are:

protection of life and strengthening of the physical and mental health of children;
ensuring cognitive-speech, social-personal, artistic-aesthetic and physical development of children;
education, taking into account the age categories of children of citizenship, respect for human rights and freedoms, love for the environment, Motherland, family;
implementation of the necessary correction of deficiencies in the physical and (or) mental development of children;
interaction with families of children to ensure the full development of children;
providing advisory and methodological assistance to parents (legal representatives) on the upbringing, education and development of children.

6. A preschool educational institution may carry out the rehabilitation of disabled children if there are appropriate conditions in it.

7. Preschool educational institutions include educational institutions of the following types:

kindergarten (implements the main general educational program of preschool education in general developmental groups);

a kindergarten for young children (implements the main general educational program of preschool education in general developmental groups for children aged 2 months to 3 years, creates conditions for social adaptation and early socialization of children);

a kindergarten for children of preschool (senior preschool) age (implements the main general educational program of preschool education in general developmental groups, as well as, if necessary, in compensatory and combined groups for children aged 5 to 7 years with priority implementation of activities to ensure equal starting opportunities for teaching children in educational institutions);

a kindergarten for supervision and improvement (implements the main general educational program of preschool education in health-improving groups with the priority implementation of activities for the implementation of sanitary-hygienic, preventive and health-improving measures and procedures);

compensatory type kindergarten (implements the main general educational program of preschool education in compensatory groups with the priority implementation of activities for the qualified correction of deficiencies in the physical and (or) mental development of one or more categories of children with disabilities);

a kindergarten of a combined type (implements the main general educational program of preschool education in groups of a general developmental, compensatory, health-improving and combined orientation in various combinations);

a kindergarten of a general developmental type with a priority implementation of activities in one of the areas of development of children (implements the main general educational program of preschool education in groups of a general developmental orientation with a priority implementation of activities for the development of children in one of such areas as cognitive-speech, social-personal, artistic and aesthetic or physical)

child development center - kindergarten (implements the main general educational program of preschool education in general developmental groups with the priority implementation of activities for the development of children in several areas, such as cognitive-speech, social-personal, artistic-aesthetic and physical).

8. The main structural unit of a preschool educational institution is a group of preschool children.

In the case of creating groups in educational institutions of other types that implement the main general educational program of preschool education in accordance with the license, their activities are regulated by this Model Regulation.

Groups can have a general developmental, compensatory, health-improving or combined orientation.

In general developmental groups, preschool education is carried out in accordance with the educational program of the educational institution, developed by it independently on the basis of an exemplary basic general educational program for preschool education and federal state requirements for the structure of the main general educational program for preschool education and the conditions for its implementation.

In compensatory groups, qualified correction of deficiencies in physical and (or) mental development and preschool education of children with disabilities are carried out in accordance with the educational program of the educational institution, developed by it independently on the basis of an exemplary basic general educational program of preschool education and federal state requirements for the structure of the main the general education program of preschool education and the conditions for its implementation, as well as taking into account the peculiarities of the psychophysical development and capabilities of children.

Health-improving groups are created for children with tuberculosis intoxication, frequently ill children and other categories of children who need a set of special health-improving measures. In health-improving groups, preschool education of children is carried out in accordance with the educational program of the educational institution, developed by it independently on the basis of an exemplary basic general educational program for preschool education and federal state requirements for the structure of the main general educational program for preschool education and the conditions for its implementation, as well as a complex of sanitary and hygienic, preventive and health-improving measures and procedures.

In groups of a combined orientation, joint education of healthy children and children with disabilities is carried out in accordance with the educational program of the educational institution, developed by it independently on the basis of an exemplary basic general educational program for preschool education and federal state requirements for the structure of the main general educational program for preschool education and the conditions for its implementation, taking into account the peculiarities of psychophysical development and the capabilities of children.

Groups can include both children of the same age and children of different ages (different age groups).

The groups also differ in the time of stay of children and function in full-day mode (12-hour stay), shortened day (8-10-hour stay), extended day (14-hour stay), short stay (from 3 to 5 hours a day ) and round-the-clock stay. Groups operate in the mode of 5-day and 6-day working week. At the request of parents (legal representatives) it is possible to organize the work of groups also on weekends and holidays.

9. A preschool educational institution in its activities is guided by federal laws, decrees and orders of the President of the Russian Federation, decrees and orders of the Government of the Russian Federation, decisions of the relevant state or municipal authority exercising management in the field of education, this Model Regulation, the charter of a preschool educational institution (hereinafter - charter), an agreement concluded between a preschool educational institution and parents (legal representatives).

10. The language (languages) in which (which) education and upbringing is conducted in a preschool educational institution is determined by the founder and (or) the charter. In a preschool educational institution, conditions are created for the study of the Russian language as the state language of the Russian Federation.

11. In order to fulfill its tasks, a preschool educational institution has the right to establish direct relations with enterprises, institutions and organizations, including foreign ones.

12. A preschool educational institution shall be responsible in accordance with the procedure established by the legislation of the Russian Federation for:

performance of the functions defined by the charter;
implementation in full of the main general educational program of preschool education;
quality of implemented educational programs;
compliance of the applied forms, methods and means of organizing the educational process with the age, psychophysiological characteristics, inclinations, abilities, interests and needs of children;
life and health of children and employees of a preschool educational institution during the educational process.

13. In a preschool educational institution, the creation and implementation of the activities of organizational structures of political parties, socio-political and religious movements and organizations (associations) are not allowed. In state and municipal preschool educational institutions, education is secular.

II. Organization of activities of a preschool educational institution

14. A preschool educational institution is created by the founder and registered in the manner prescribed by the legislation of the Russian Federation.

15. The founder of the state preschool educational institution is the federal executive authorities and executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

The founder of a municipal preschool educational institution is the local government.

16. Relations between the founder and a preschool educational institution are determined by an agreement concluded between them in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.

17. The rights of a legal entity in terms of conducting statutory financial and economic activities arise for a preschool educational institution from the moment of its registration.

A preschool educational institution independently carries out financial and economic activities, may have an independent balance sheet and a personal account (account) opened in the prescribed manner, a seal of the established form, a stamp and letterheads with its name.

18. The right to conduct educational activities and receive benefits established by the legislation of the Russian Federation arises for a preschool educational institution from the moment a license (permit) is issued to it.

19. A preschool educational institution undergoes state accreditation in the manner prescribed by the Law of the Russian Federation "On Education".

20. A preschool educational institution may be created, reorganized and liquidated in the manner prescribed by the legislation of the Russian Federation.

21. The content of the educational process in a preschool educational institution is determined by the educational program of preschool education, developed, adopted and implemented by it independently in accordance with the federal state requirements for the structure of the main general educational program for preschool education and the conditions for its implementation, established by the federal executive body that performs the functions of developing state policy and legal regulation in the field of education, and taking into account the peculiarities of the psychophysical development and capabilities of children.

22. In accordance with the goals and objectives defined by the charter, a preschool educational institution may implement additional educational programs and provide additional educational services outside the educational programs that determine its status, taking into account the needs of the family and on the basis of an agreement concluded between a preschool educational institution and parents (legitimate representatives).

Paid educational services cannot be provided in exchange for and within the framework of the main educational activities financed by the founder.

23. The mode of operation of a preschool educational institution and the duration of stay of children in it are determined by the charter, the agreement concluded between the preschool educational institution and the founder.

24. Catering in a preschool educational institution is assigned to a preschool educational institution.

25. Medical care for children in a preschool educational institution is provided by the health authorities. The medical staff, along with the administration, is responsible for the health and physical development of children, carrying out medical and preventive measures, observing sanitary and hygienic standards, regimen and ensuring the quality of nutrition. A preschool educational institution is obliged to provide premises with appropriate conditions for the work of medical workers, to monitor their work in order to protect and strengthen the health of children and workers of a preschool educational institution.

26. Pedagogical workers of preschool educational institutions must undergo a periodic medical examination, which is carried out at the expense of the founder.

III. Acquisition of a preschool educational institution

27. The procedure for staffing a preschool educational institution is determined by the founder in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation and is fixed in the charter.

28. Children aged from 2 months to 7 years are admitted to a preschool educational institution. Admission of children is carried out on the basis of a medical report, an application and documents proving the identity of one of the parents (legal representatives).

29. Children with disabilities, children with disabilities are accepted into groups of compensatory and combined orientation of a preschool educational institution only with the consent of their parents (legal representatives) on the basis of the conclusion of the psychological, medical and pedagogical commission.

30. When accepting children with disabilities, children with disabilities in preschool educational institutions of any kind, the preschool educational institution is obliged to provide the necessary conditions for organizing corrective work.

31. The number of groups in a preschool educational institution is determined by the founder based on their maximum occupancy.

32. In groups of a general developmental orientation, the maximum occupancy is set depending on the age of the children and is:

from 2 months to 1 year - 10 children;
from 1 year to 3 years - 15 children;
from 3 years to 7 years - 20 children.

In different-age groups of a general developmental orientation, the maximum occupancy is if there are children in the group:

two ages (from 2 months to 3 years) - 8 children;
any three ages (from 3 to 7 years old) - 10 children;
any two ages (from 3 to 7 years old) - 15 children.

33. In groups of compensatory orientation, the maximum occupancy is set depending on the category of children and their age (up to 3 years and older than 3 years) and is:

for children with severe speech disorders - 6 and 10 children;
for children with phonetic and phonemic speech disorders only over the age of 3 years - 12 children;
for deaf children - 6 children for both age groups;
for hearing impaired children - 6 and 8 children;
for blind children - 6 children for both age groups;
for visually impaired children, for children with amblyopia, strabismus - 6 and 10 children;
for children with disorders of the musculoskeletal system - 6 and 8 children;
for children with mental retardation - 6 and 10 children;
for children with mild mental retardation - 6 and 10 children;
for children with moderate mental retardation, severe only over the age of 3 years - 8 children;
for children with autism only over the age of 3 years - 5 children;
for children with a complex defect (having a combination of 2 or more deficiencies in physical and (or) mental development) - 5 children for both age groups;
for children with other disabilities - 10 and 15 children.

34. In health-improving groups, the maximum occupancy is set depending on the category of children and their age (up to 3 years and older than 3 years) and is:

for children with tuberculosis intoxication - 10 and 15 children;
for children who are often ill - 10 and 15 children;
for other categories of children who need a complex of special recreational activities - 12 and 15 children.

35. In groups of a combined orientation, the maximum occupancy is set depending on the age of children (under 3 years old and over 3 years old) and the category of children with disabilities and is:

up to 3 years - 10 children, including no more than 3 children with disabilities;
over 3 years old:
10 children, including no more than 3 deaf children, or blind children, or children with disorders of the musculoskeletal system, or children with moderate, severe mental retardation, or children with a complex defect;

15 children, including no more than 4 visually impaired and (or) children with amblyopia and strabismus, or hearing impaired children, or children with severe speech impairments, or children with mild mental retardation;

17 children, including no more than 5 children with mental retardation.

IV. Participants in the educational process

36. Participants in the educational process of a preschool educational institution are children, their parents (legal representatives), teachers.

37. When children are admitted to a preschool educational institution, the latter is obliged to familiarize parents (legal representatives) with the charter, license for the right to conduct educational activities, a certificate of state accreditation of a preschool educational institution and other documents regulating the organization of the educational process.

38. The establishment of the fee charged from parents (legal representatives) for the maintenance of a child in a preschool educational institution is carried out in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.

39. The relationship between a preschool educational institution and parents (legal representatives) is governed by an agreement that includes the mutual rights, obligations and responsibilities of the parties arising in the process of raising, teaching, developing, looking after, caring for and improving children, the duration of the child's stay in a preschool educational institution , as well as the calculation of the amount of fees charged from parents (legal representatives) for the maintenance of a child in a preschool educational institution.

40. Relations between the child and the staff of the preschool educational institution are built on the basis of cooperation, respect for the personality of the child and granting him the freedom to develop in accordance with individual characteristics.

41. The procedure for staffing a preschool educational institution is regulated by the charter.

42. Persons with a secondary vocational or higher vocational education are allowed to teach in a preschool educational institution. The educational qualification of the said persons is confirmed by state documents on the appropriate level of education and (or) qualifications.

The following persons are not allowed to teach:

deprived of the right to engage in pedagogical activities in accordance with a court verdict that has entered into legal force;
having an unexpunged or outstanding conviction for intentional grave and especially grave crimes;
recognized incompetent in accordance with the procedure established by federal law;
having diseases specified in the list approved by the federal executive body responsible for the development of state policy and legal regulation in the field of healthcare, social development, labor and consumer protection.

43. In the staffing table of preschool educational institutions providing education, training, development, supervision, care and rehabilitation of children with disabilities, children with disabilities, as well as correction of shortcomings in their physical and (or) mental development, if necessary, may be introduced additional positions of teachers-defectologists, teachers-speech therapists, speech therapists, educational psychologists, social educators, educators and other workers (depending on the category of children) within the limits of the appropriations allocated by the decision of the founder for these purposes.

44. The rights of employees of a preschool educational institution and measures of their social support are determined by the legislation of the Russian Federation, the charter and the employment contract.

45. Employees of a preschool educational institution have the right to:

to participate in the management of a preschool educational institution in the manner determined by the charter;
to protect their professional honor, dignity and business reputation.

46. ​​A preschool educational institution establishes:

wages of employees depending on the qualifications of the employee, complexity, intensity, quantity, quality and conditions of the work performed, as well as compensation payments (additional payments and allowances of a compensatory nature) and incentive payments (additional payments and allowances of an incentive nature, bonuses and other incentive payments) within budgetary appropriations allocated for wages;
the structure of managing the activities of a preschool educational institution;
staffing and duties of employees.

V. Management of a preschool educational institution

47. The management of a preschool educational institution is carried out in accordance with the Law of the Russian Federation "On Education", other legislative acts of the Russian Federation, this Model Regulation and the charter.

48. The management of a preschool educational institution is based on the principles of unity of command and self-government, which ensure the state-public nature of the management of a preschool educational institution. The forms of self-government of a preschool educational institution that ensure the state-public nature of management are the board of trustees, the general meeting, the pedagogical council and other forms. The procedure for the election of self-government bodies and their competence are determined by the charter.

49. Direct management of a preschool educational institution is carried out by a head who has passed the appropriate certification.

Employment of the head of a preschool educational institution is carried out in the manner determined by the charter, and in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.

50. Head of a preschool educational institution:

acts on behalf of the preschool educational institution, represents it in all institutions and organizations;
manages the property of the preschool educational institution within the limits of the rights granted to it by the agreement concluded between the preschool educational institution and the founder;
issues powers of attorney;
opens a personal account (account) in accordance with the established procedure in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation;
carries out hiring and placement of personnel, encourages employees of a preschool educational institution, imposes penalties and dismisses them from work;
is responsible for the activities of the preschool educational institution to the founder.

VI. Property and funds of the institution

51. For a preschool educational institution, in order to ensure educational activities in accordance with the charter, the founder, in the prescribed manner, assigns objects of property rights (buildings, structures, property, equipment, as well as other necessary property for consumer, social, cultural and other purposes).

A preschool educational institution owns, uses and disposes of the property assigned to it on the right of operational management in accordance with its purpose, charter and legislation of the Russian Federation.

Land plots are assigned to state and municipal preschool educational institutions in the manner prescribed by the legislation of the Russian Federation.

A preschool educational institution is responsible to the owner for the safety and efficient use of the property assigned to it.

52. Financial support for the activities of a preschool educational institution is carried out in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.

A preschool educational institution has the right to attract, in the manner prescribed by the legislation of the Russian Federation, additional financial resources through the provision of paid additional educational and other services provided for by the charter, as well as through voluntary donations and earmarked contributions from individuals and (or) legal entities, including foreign citizens and (or) foreign legal entities.

A preschool educational institution has the right to conduct, in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, income-generating activities provided for by the charter.

53. In the financial provision of small rural and pre-school educational institutions considered as such by state authorities and bodies exercising management in the field of education, costs that do not depend on the number of children should be taken into account.

54. Attraction by a preschool educational institution of additional financial resources specified in paragraph 52 of this Model Regulation does not entail a reduction in the amount of its financing at the expense of the founder.

55. The financial and material resources of a preschool educational institution assigned to it by the founder are used by the preschool educational institution in accordance with the charter and are not subject to withdrawal, unless otherwise provided by the legislation of the Russian Federation.

Upon liquidation of a preschool educational institution, financial resources and other objects of property, minus payments to cover their obligations, are directed to the development of education.

Modern preschool education is the first state form within which professional educational work with children is carried out.

Significance

The sociocultural significance of preschool education is determined by the characteristics of age. Thus, the age from three to seven years is the most sensitive period, which is characterized by particularly rapid changes in the intellectual, social, physical, emotional and linguistic development of the child. Positive life experience and the basis for successful development, laid down in preschool age, create the basis for the future versatile development of the child. This is the significance of preschool education.

Legal regulation of subsidiaries in the Russian Federation

In Russia, preschool education is regulated by the federal law “On Education”, which came into force in 2013. This document defines the forms and methods, content and principles of DO (preschool education), as well as the expected socio-cultural and public-state results of the program. The Federal Standard for Preschool Education (FSES DO) is a guideline for preschool specialists, employees of the DO system, families, and the general public.

The main tasks of preschool education

The main tasks of the Federal State Educational Standard of DO defines:

1. Protection of life and strengthening of the psychological and physical health of children from 2 months to 7 years, the necessary correction of deficiencies in physical or psychological development.
2. Preservation and support of the individuality of the pupil, the development of individual personality traits, the creative potential of each child.
3. Formation of a common culture, development of moral, aesthetic, physical, intellectual qualities of pupils, responsibility, independence and initiative.
4. Formation of prerequisites for further successful educational activities in general educational institutions of the education system.
5. Ensuring the diversity and variability of the content of preschool education programs, methods and forms of education, taking into account the age characteristics of pupils, the needs and abilities of children.
6. Providing opportunities for the development of each preschooler during childhood, regardless of gender, nation, language, place of residence, social status or other characteristics (including physical disabilities).
7. Ensuring interdepartmental interaction, as well as the interaction of public and pedagogical associations.
8. Interaction with the families of pupils to ensure the development of a preschool child, providing the necessary assistance to parents of a preschool child on issues of education and training.

The system of preschool education in the Russian Federation

The system of preschool education in Russia is the upbringing, development and training, care and rehabilitation of children from 2 months to 7 years. Pre-school education is carried out in preschool educational institutions (children's educational institutions), but these are not the only components of the system. There are also city and regional departments of preschool education.

Today in the Russian Federation there are more than 45 thousand preschool educational institutions. The modern organization of preschool education is carried out through nurseries, kindergartens, centers of preschool education and other institutions. More details about the institutions of preschool education, the principles and programs of preschool education will be discussed later.

Character traits

Modern private and public preschool education in the Russian Federation has the main characteristic features. Firstly, the system ensures the holistic nature of the educational process, its upbringing and developmental nature. This means that the preschool educational institution provides a holistic medical, psychological and pedagogical support for the child.

In addition, it is at preschool age that a common culture begins to form, conditions for preserving and strengthening the health of children, intellectual, moral, moral, physical, creative, aesthetic and personal qualities. The integrity of the system is also ensured by the continuity of pre-school and primary school levels of education.

Secondly, in the institutions of the preschool educational institution, a comfortable emotional atmosphere and an educational environment are provided that diversify the child. Children can choose how to exercise independence according to their own inclinations and interests. This is ensured by the variability and variety of educational programs of preschool education.

Expected results of the implementation of state policy

It is expected that the introduction of the Federal State Educational Standard will significantly improve the educational space in the Russian Federation. The general state policy is designed to ensure:

1. The quality of the educational process. As a result of the implementation of the Federal State Educational Standard, it is expected to create a system that guarantees positive conditions for quality education at all levels (preschool, primary, secondary and high school, additional, special, higher, and so on). It is also planned to individualize the educational process due to the variability and diversity of programs, means and methods of education, to make Russian education competitive not only in content, but also in the quality of educational services.
2. Availability of education. Public and free pre-school, as well as basic education is provided to all citizens of the Russian Federation, regardless of nationality, gender, race, age, health status, social class, religion, beliefs, language and other factors. Citizens of the Russian Federation can receive higher and secondary specialized education free of charge on a competitive basis.
3. Decent pay for teachers. It is necessary to achieve a level of payment that would ensure the competitiveness of the education sector in the labor market.
4. Pension provision. In the future, education workers should be guaranteed not only decent wages, but also an adequate level of pensions. Already today, employees with more than 25 years of service have been granted the right to a seniority bonus while continuing their teaching activities instead of a seniority pension.
5. Social security of pupils, pupils, students and graduate students. Within the framework of this paragraph, children and young people who study in educational institutions are guaranteed the protection of life, ensuring the preservation of health, and physical education. Students are provided with targeted material assistance (scholarships, allowances), employment assistance.
6. Financing the educational system. The budget for education should increase at a faster pace than other public sectors, and funds should be spent more efficiently. Between individual preschool educational institutions, material support should be effectively distributed by local preschool education departments.

Institutions of preschool education

The educational process within the system of distance education is implemented by the network of preschool educational institutions. The most common institution of this type is a kindergarten. In addition, in Russia there are other types of preschool educational institutions:

1. General developmental preschool educational institutions. As a rule, in general developing kindergartens, one or several areas of education (for example, intellectual, physical or artistic) are given priority.
2. Compensatory kindergartens. Such institutions are intended for children with any developmental disabilities.
3. Preschool supervision and rehabilitation. In such preschool educational institutions, health-improving, sanitary-hygienic and preventive measures are carried out as a priority.
4. Combined Institutions. The composition of the combined kindergarten may include groups for children with various disabilities, recreational and general education groups.
5. Centers for preschool development. This is a preschool educational institution, where equal attention is paid to health improvement, mental and physical development, correction of possible deviations of all pupils.

As part of preschool education in Russia, 63% (5.8 million) of children of the corresponding age are brought up. At the same time, about a million more children are on the waiting list for a place in a preschool educational institution.

In addition to the usual types of preschool educational institutions, groups of short-term stay of children have now developed (it is interesting that parents choose such groups not instead of ordinary kindergartens, but in parallel with them), preschool groups based on schools or preschool institutions, as well as teaching children as part of a family education.

Principles of the educational process

The main principles of preschool education in Russia are:

• comprehensive development of the child, corresponding to age, state of health, individual characteristics;
• solving educational problems in the process of joint activities of adults with children, as well as independent activities of pupils;
• interaction with families (parents should not be outside observers, but take an active part in the implementation of the program);
• maximum approximation to a reasonable minimum in the educational process (this means that the tasks set must be implemented only on the necessary and sufficient material);
• ensuring the integrity of the educational process and so on.

Directions for the development of the child in preschool

The text of the Federal State Educational Standard uses the concept of “occupation”, although preschool children perceive the world through a game, and not an occupation in the standard sense. So in this case the word "occupation" is used in the sense of "entertaining business." Learning should be through play.

Within the framework of the preschool educational institution, the acquisition of valuable experience must be ensured in the following areas:

1. Physical activity (sports games, walking, climbing, jumping, riding a scooter, cycling, running and other types of physical activity).
2. Communicative activity (communication, interaction with other children, with adults, oral speech).
3. Cognition and research (study of objects of the surrounding world, experiments).
4. Elementary labor activity (self-service skills, domestic work, labor in nature).
5. Artistic perception (perception of fiction and oral folk art).
6. Visual activity (drawing, application, modeling).
7. Construction from various materials (construction from a constructor, natural material, paper, construction of various models).
8. Musical activities (playing children's musical instruments, musical and rhythmic movements, singing, choreography).

The order of work of preschool institutions

Kindergartens, as a rule, work from 7-8 to 18-19 five days a week, which is close to the state working day. There are also round-the-clock preschools, ten-hour and fourteen-hour kindergartens.

The number of children in groups is determined by the head of the preschool educational institution (based on the maximum occupancy). In groups for children from two months to a year there should be a maximum of 10 pupils, from one to three - 15, from three to seven - 20 children.

Preschool Admissions and Benefits

Since 2009, kindergartens cannot accept children on their own; for this, special commissions are formed to recruit preschool educational institutions. This rule does not apply to private kindergartens. For admission to a preschool educational institution, parents must provide the commission with a package of documents, which includes a child's birth certificate, a passport of one of the legal representatives, a child's medical card, a document that confirms the benefit (if any). The commission makes a decision and issues a referral to kindergarten. Also, the commission will help with the choice of a preschool educational institution, taking into account the characteristics and state of health of the child.

The right to extraordinary admission to kindergartens have:

• orphans, adopted, adopted, under guardianship;
• children whose parents in childhood were left without parental care;
• children of disabled citizens (if disability occurred as a result of the Chernobyl accident);
• children of judges, investigators, prosecutors.

The following persons are entitled to priority admission to the preschool educational institution:

• children from large families;
• children of police officers, military;
• children, one of whose parents has a disability.

Children of single parents and teachers have priority right of admission. In addition, children whose siblings are already attending groups of this preschool educational institution can count on the priority right.

Problems of preschool education in the Russian Federation

Preschool education in Russia (despite all the actions of the state in this direction) is inaccessible to a significant part of the population. So, more children are recruited into groups than is permissible; educational programs prepare pupils for school, and do not give preference to games; fire safety and sanitation standards turn preschools into sterile, faceless boxes. Some of the problems can be solved by private kindergartens.

Also, preschool education in Russia is characterized by a lack of teaching staff. At the moment, many preschool educational institutions employ people who are trained according to an outdated model or who have no pedagogical training at all. The social status of the profession remains low, the level of salaries of pedagogical workers is insufficient.

Main directions of system development

The goals of the development of preschool education are related to the problems of Russian society. Thus, the strategic goals of education include:

1. Introduction of modern educational programs.
2. Transition to the conclusion of an effective contract with teachers and heads of preschool educational institutions.
3. Democratization of education.
4. Preservation and strengthening of the unity of the educational space.
5. Training and retraining of teaching staff.
6. Education management reform and so on.

The prospect of reforming DOs inspires hope for positive changes in this area.