Lessons at home for the development of speech. child's speech

From this article you will learn:

What is speech development technique

How Breathing Improves Speech Technique

How speech development technique improves diction

What are the benefits for a manager?

It is difficult to disagree with the statement of a famous American politician of the 19th century: “No other human ability will enable him to make a career and achieve recognition with such speed as the ability to speak well.” After all, these words remain relevant today. Developed literate speech has always been considered an art that facilitates communication between people and helps in career development, especially if work activities are directly related to frequent negotiations. If you have problems in this area, the correct speech development technique, which we will discuss in our article, will help to cope with them.

Components of a developed speech technique

Speech technique can be called a science, which consists of many interrelated elements: speech production, articulation, diction, intonation, facial expressions, etc. Some people have to improve their speech technique throughout their professional activities. The purpose of using various speech development techniques is quite obvious - they are all designed to learn how to speak correctly, clearly, beautifully.

Diction.

One of the important indicators of a developed speech technique is developed diction (the way a person pronounces sounds purely). This component of speech technology can be compared with handwriting. A letter written in illegible handwriting is unlikely to interest the addressee, just like a crumpled, slurred speech, most likely, will not find a response from the public or cause a lot of counter questions. In our article, we will talk about the technique of speech development and how, with the help of systematic training, to put the voice and improve pronunciation.

Surely everyone remembers the scene from the movie "Carnival", where the main character repeated tongue twisters about a cuckoo with walnuts in her mouth in order to develop speech technique. In addition to this method, there are many breathing exercises, the technique of which we will consider a little later.

Voice.

The voice also plays an important role in the speech of each person. A pleasant voice instantly attracts the attention of listeners. It can also be trained using special techniques aimed at developing speech.

Timbre.

Try not to overdo it with this indicator, because too low or high voice sounds false. The timbre directly depends on the correct breathing, therefore, to set it up, it is necessary to work with the technique of developing the diaphragm.

Intonation.

When performing various techniques for the development of speech, do not forget about intonation and pronunciation, because it is very important to correctly place stresses and maintain pauses between words. It is with the help of intonation that the narrator can interest listeners, and pauses allow you to take a breath during the narration.

Where to start the development of speech technology

Phonation is called breathing during speech. During inhalation, the muscle that separates the chest cavity from the abdominal one, as well as the muscle groups that control the ribs of the chest, actively work. It is easiest for a person to breathe in the supine position with muscle relaxation.

Try to position yourself in the suggested way and put one hand on your stomach and the other on your chest. Inhale, but at the same time make sure that the hand on the chest is motionless, and the hand on the stomach rises. Now exhale. Follow the execution technique, your goal is to bring the movements of the abdominal cavity during breathing to automatism. Next, you should try to perform the exercise in a standing position. For lower breathing to become a habit, regular training is required.

It is better to do exercises for the development of speech in the morning.

Body position.

First you need to feel the work of the respiratory muscles. Get in the right position. Stand up, slouch a little, try to relax. After that, lift your chest, shoulders and fold them back, as if putting them on the spine. Keep your back, slightly relax your neck, arms and shoulders. Stanislavsky called this position "the body on the peg." You have to get used to it not only during the periods of exercises for the development of speech technique, but in general in life.

Candle exercise.

To perform the speech development exercise, you will need a small piece of paper measuring 15x4 cm. Bring the strip to your mouth at a distance of about 5–7 cm. Pull your lips out with a tube (as before whistling) and start blowing on a strip of paper.

Follow the technique - the angle of the strip should be constant throughout the exhalation. This speech development exercise allows you to control the flow of exhaled air. Your task is to make sure that the exhalation is even. A strip of paper should not rise, fall, tremble.

It is necessary that she deviate and remain in this position for as long as possible. Pay attention to slight tension in the area of the intercostal muscles and the diaphragm during the speech development exercise.

Exercise "punctured ball".

Try to make a sound similar to the whistle of a punctured ball: sssssss ... At the same time, grab your chest from the sides with your palms, as high as possible. Gradually, without much effort, press the “ball” with your palms so that the air leaves the lungs for as long as possible. When performing this speech development technique, try not to strain.

You should feel a slight resistance of the “ball” and slowly release the collected air on the sound “s”. The less air remains in the "ball", the closer the hands converge. At the end of the exercise, the palms should be next to each other. When your hands touch, expel the remaining air sharply. This lesson on the development of speech must be repeated several times.

Onomatopoeia exercise.

Now try to reproduce the characteristic sounds of nature and various objects:

Wind Whistle: SSSSSSS…
Forest Noise: SHSHSHSHSHSH…
Mosquito sound: ZZZZZZZZZZZZ ...
The buzzing of a bee
The cry and cawing of a crow: KRR! KRR! KRR!… KARR! CARR! CARR!…
Engine rumble: RRRRRRRRRRRR…
The sound of an electric bell: RRRRRRRRRRR…

Pay attention to the technique, especially the work of the diaphragm. She should not strain too much during the exercises. When playing the sounds of nature, the air should come out as naturally as possible. Simulating the roar of a motor or the sound of an electric bell, the voltage, on the contrary, should increase. In this case, the air, as it were, is pushed out from the inside. When a crow croaks, a magpie chirps, the diaphragm moves sharply and energetically, expelling the air in jerks.

Development of speech technique: diction and speech apparatus

Before starting classes on the technique of speech development, it is necessary to create a working environment. Take a comfortable seat in front of a mirror in a room with few objects (to create the necessary acoustics). Spend about 5-10 minutes doing each exercise. If possible, film your lessons on video - this will make it easier for you to spot errors.

Preparation of the muscles of the palate.

Repeat the consonants "k", "G" three times without stopping. Then, on a yawn, say the vowels "A", "O", "E" three times.

Open your mouth, breathe in the air and say: “MMMMM…MMMM”. During the performance of this preparatory exercise for the development of speech technique, “A” should be quiet, “M” - sonorous. Repeat the exercise three times.

Exercise for lips and tongue.

To warm up the upper lip, say consonant combinations: “GL”, “VL”, “VN”, “TN”, for the lower lip - “KS”, “GZ”, “VZ”, “BZ”.

Then relax the tongue, give it the shape of a shovel and, laying it on the lower lip, repeat five times: “I”, “E”.

Raise the underside of the tongue and draw its tip across the sky, pronouncing the vowels “O”, “U”.

Then cover your mouth and say the letter "M", moving your tongue to your lips, cheeks and palate.

Exercises to open and strengthen the voice.

Try another speech development technique - say a random tongue twister using only consonants, while the vowels should be voiceless and long.

Then repeat the tongue twister, but in a perfect voice. Listen carefully to yourself, try to determine in what state of the articulation apparatus your voice sounds free and natural. Repeat this exercise to develop speech technique, alternately tilting your head back and forth, right and left.

Now pronounce the tongue twister, putting your tongue on your lips, thereby lowering the pronunciation of vowels.

Another simple exercise can help the development of speech technique: you need to breathe in the air properly and, slowing down your breathing, read a small passage of text aloud. Try to draw air in places of semantic pauses.

Exercises for diction.

Say the words "PAY", "BAY", "MAY", firmly holding the chin with the palm of your hand so that the head leans back while opening the mouth. On the sound "Y", the head should return to its original position. Now repeat the speech development exercise without restricting the movement of the chin. Make sure that the muscles work in the same way as in the first case.

Another variant of this exercise for the development of speech is the deviation of the head to the sides while opening the mouth. In this case, the chin should tend to the shoulders. Do not forget about the technique - take the starting position on the sound "Y".

Tilt your head back and, rinsing the larynx with air, draw out the sound "M". Please note that the lower jaw does not need to be pushed forward. Try yawning with your mouth closed.

Inhale through your nose, draw in your cheeks, purse your lips, and as you exhale, try to stretch out the letter "M".

Take a comfortable position, put one hand on your chest to feel the pulse, and cover your mouth with the other to control your breathing. Alternately pronounce the various vowels: a smooth exhalation - the sound "UUUUUU" - a smooth breath. With the correct technique for performing the exercise for the development of speech, you will have a desire to yawn and lightness in the throat area.

Now do the same, just try to stretch the moment of the groan and mark the stress with a light blow of the diaphragm deep into.

Choose a small poetic passage of some text (8-10 lines are enough). Try to pronounce it in such a way that the range of your voice gradually develops from the minimum level to the maximum (from the beginning to the end of the reading of the passage).

Now repeat this exercise for the development of speech exactly the opposite - start with the limit and end with the lowest range of your own voice.

After mastering the technique of this exercise for the development of speech, increase the number of lines of a poetic passage.

Another effective technique for developing diction is "voice chanting". Try reciting your favorite poem using only the vowels first and then only the consonants.

When a child appeared in our house, everyone, without exception, was impatient when he would start talking. But then the first year passed, the second was coming to an end, and the baby continued to be silent, uttering only a semblance of words. My husband and I, fueled by the instructions of our grandparents, whose “children read poetry at the age of one and a half,” began to look for deviations, illnesses of the child and mistakes in education. When should you start worrying? To answer this question, you should listen to your child and your own heart.

How does speech develop in children under 2 years of age?

The development of speech occurs in stages, and each stage is present in any case. , regardless of nationality and the language spoken by others. My child was no exception and went through all the stages of the development of speech. Some stages lasted longer, some shorter, but in the end the child spoke fully.

Scream. With my first child, I had a hard time deciphering why my daughter was screaming, but with my second baby, I learned to accurately recognize when he was screaming from hunger or when he was just bored. From the moment of birth, the only way a child communicates with mom and dad is to cry. To them, he expresses a feeling of hunger and thirst, physical discomfort, draws attention to himself if he is hot or cold, tight in clothes or uncomfortable, and also if something hurts the baby. Attentive parents can also quickly learn to distinguish between different types of cry.
Cooing. From about 3 months, newborns begin to gurgle: most often this happens when the baby is satisfied and a sense of satisfaction is expressed in this way. However, this period does not have to coincide with the beginning of the walk. My first daughter began to walk only at 4.5 months, being completely healthy and without any deviations, but my son was already babbling and singing in every way at 2 months. The child learns to move his tongue to pronounce sounds and trains his speech apparatus in every possible way. Cooing is usually reproduced in the form of the words "Agu", "Wah", "Gaaa", "Guuu".

INTERESTING! In all nations of the world, children walk in exactly the same way.

Pronunciation of syllables and babble. By about 7-8 months, children can pronounce different syllables, and while they are not associated with certain images and words. The kid can say "Ma-ma-ma-ma-ma" without referring to his mother at all. However, this is an important stage in which the child masters the bulk of the sounds.
First words. At the age of one, my first child could not speak so much: “woman”, “daddy”, “yum-yum” and a couple more phrases from my personal repertoire that cannot be translated into human language. By one year, a baby can know and pronounce up to 10 words. Moreover, these may not always be full-fledged words. For example, instead of the word “dog”, the child can still say “Bow-wow”, which in his mind is associated with a specific image. It is also acceptable to pronounce truncated words, such as "kava" instead of "cow".
Conscious speech. By the age of two, a child usually has a certain set of words that, at the very least, can communicate with adults. Usually this vocabulary is enough to call mom, ask for a toy. It is considered normal if the child speaks of himself in the third person: "Masha is playing" instead of "I am playing." It is from this stage that speech will develop rapidly every day, and the vocabulary will be filled.

Speech norms of a child at 2 years old

Since all children are individual in their development, there are no clear standards. However, there is a generalized idea of what kind of progress in speech development is taking place. I put together all the information that related to the development of speech.

Here's what a child can do at 2 years old, according to pediatricians, psychologists and neurologists:

have an active vocabulary of 100-300 words;
use prepositions (usually “in” and “on”) and conjunctions in speech;
intonation may appear in speech, especially when asking a question;
has an idea about a certain category of objects (body parts, animals, fruits and vegetables) and can partially name them;
correctly points to a picture when an adult asks: “Show me…”;
builds short sentences of 2-3 words;
uses the pronouns "I", "You", "We";
can ask the question "What is it?".

These standards do not mean that by exactly 2 years, each child must be able to do everything from this list. For example, many of my friends' children at two years old have a fairly good understanding of the world around them, but they do not use vocabulary very actively.

The best games for the development of a child's speech at 2 years old

Cards. The classic game for the comprehensive development of the baby. For my daughter, this game was the main activity of the day for a long time. The main part of our vocabulary was formed by words from the cards. The essence of the game is that you need to get a card at random, show the child and ask him to name the depicted object. It is best to start with pictures of a certain category, the most familiar, for example, animals or vehicles. When asking a question, it is necessary to pause for a few seconds: the child needs time to identify the object and remember its name. If the baby is confused and does not know what to answer, then after 10-15 seconds it is necessary to name the word.
Ladushki and other poems and jokes. The game familiar to everyone allows not only to amuse, but also to contribute to the development of speech. For my daughter, this game became interesting only at the age of 1.5, and before this age, she did not arouse any interest in it. Touching the palms and fingertips of the baby will activate the receptors of the speech center, and the child can finish each line from a familiar poem after an adult. Such a game can be played with any children's rhymes, inviting the child to complete a phrase familiar to him.

Who says what? An exciting game that almost all kids love. Even at 3.5 years old, my child remembers with pleasure how pussies and dogs talk. Pointing to the picture, you need to ask the child to reproduce the sounds of animals: “How does the dog say?” - "WOF WOF". A more difficult option is to deliberately make a mistake so that the child can correct the adult: “What does the cat say? Qua-qua?" - "No, meow-meow!" The child will be funny because the adult speaks incorrectly, and he, the kid, corrects him.
stupid adult. If a child asks for some interesting thing to be served to him, the adult should deliberately offer something else, pretending not to understand the child, and forcing him to explain and name the thing on his own. For example, a child asks for an apple, and an adult asks: “Do you want a spatula? Not? Or maybe a bear?" But in this situation, the main thing is not to go too far and not bring the child to fatigue and resentment. For my daughter, the limit was 2-3 “wrong” answers, after which she was already upset and could burst into tears.
Who is hiding in the bag? You can put several animal toys in a small bag and pull them out one at a time, showing only the head, inviting the child to name the animal. You can also offer him to put his hand into the bag and pull out the toy - in this way, in addition to the game moment, the child will additionally receive a finger massage and develop fine motor skills.
How does it sound and speak? For two years, it is absolutely normal to call objects not by their names, but by the sounds they make. This applies not only to the onomatopoeia of animals, but also to the bulk of the surrounding objects. For a very long time we called the car "beep-beep", food - "yum-yum", and our favorite horse "yoke-go". If the child speaks very badly, then you can constantly stimulate him to voice the world around him: “How does it rain? - “Drip-drip”, “How do the legs stomp?” - “Top-top”, “How does the bell ring?” - "Ding-ding." You can choose your own sound for almost any object or action.

It is known that articulatory gymnastics contributes to the development of speech. My attempt to explain to a small child that it is necessary to do an exercise for the development of speech was not crowned with success. So I suggested just grimacing and making faces in front of the mirror. You can also blow soap bubbles or balloons, blow on a feather or a candle flame, actively grimace: show your tongue, teeth, puff out your cheeks and stretch your lips with a tube, for example, depicting a lion or a monkey.
Development of fine motor skills. There are receptors on the fingers that activate the motor center in the brain, located next to the speech center. That is why they say that the child's speech is located at the fingertips. Any games are suitable for the development of fine motor skills: pouring and shifting small objects or cereals, drawing with a finger, and plasticine, playing a white-sided magpie and massage fingers.

What to do if the child has not yet begun to speak?

At the age of 2, my daughter stubbornly refused to talk, despite all my attempts to use an integrated and diverse approach to the development of the speech apparatus. This was especially acute when I saw the disapproving glances of my relatives, who thought that I simply did not work with my daughter.

Any parent will be concerned about the silence of the baby at two years old. How to determine whether this is the result of an illness, some kind of developmental disorder, or is it an individual feature of the child? There are several reasons for "silence" and ways to resolve them.

	Cause	Decision
1.	Heredity	If one of the child's parents began to speak late, then this feature can be inherited. In this situation, you just need to wait.
2.	Feature of character and temperament	Some children can be shy and timid even at 2 years old. If the baby is not very willing to play with other children, prefers loneliness and is generally quite calm emotionally, then perhaps his speech development will not be as rapid as that of other peers.
3.	*No need for speech*	If, at each request of the child, the mother immediately gives him the right thing or performs a certain action, then the baby does not need to develop speech. The child should be given the opportunity to show his need in all possible ways by playing the “stupid adult”.
4.	ENT disease and neurological defects	It happens that the cause of speech delay is a violation of the ENT organs (defects, diseases) or various neurological abnormalities. In this case, it is necessary to consult an otolaryngologist and a neurologist. It would also be useful to show the baby to a psychologist and speech therapist. It is recommended to contact several experts to get different opinions. The doctor will prescribe the appropriate treatment and give recommendations.
5.	Excessive pressure from parents	Parents who want their children to start talking as early as possible sometimes go too far and literally force the child to talk. At such a tender age, the baby's psyche is very vulnerable and under the pressure of his parents, he can completely shut up. You should reconsider your methods of developing speech and, perhaps, give the child a break.
6.	Lack of interest	The kid may simply not like the games for development that the mother plays with him, considering this or that game the most effective. You need to carefully look at the interests of the child and offer him those activities that will give pleasure.
7.	Lack of society	If all communication of the child occurs only with mom or dad, then the development of speech can proceed quite slowly. Communication with peers will give him a lot of pleasure and arouse interest in communicating with them. If the baby does not go to kindergarten, then you can attend developmental circles where age-appropriate group classes are held, or just chat with other children on the playground.

My experience of speech development in a child

When my daughter was 1.5 years old, I heard a lot of indignation from relatives, why my child speaks only a few words, and not whole sentences, and even more so does not recite poetry. Like all caring parents, I was very worried, played all kinds of games, massaged my fingers and took me to the most fashionable circles, but there was no result. When Polina was 1 year and 8 months old, our family had the opportunity to send their daughter to a kindergarten. At the appointment with a psychologist before entering the kindergarten, I was told a terrible diagnosis - a delay in speech development. They prescribed a "smart" medicine "Pantogam". On reflection, I did not give it to the child, but calmly sent it to the garden.

After 2 months of visiting, the child learned many new things: eat with a spoon on his own, ask for a potty in a timely manner. But she still spoke very little. A month after we celebrated our second birthday, the child literally “broke through”: words and whole sentences poured out of her in an endless stream. At 2.5 years old, she told short quatrains. Today my child is 3.5 years old. Her mouth does not close even for a minute, she tells fairy tales, asks a billion questions, a round-the-clock "children's radio" has started working in our house, from which ears hurt in the evening.

Therefore, all parents who are concerned about the speech development of the child can be given universal advice: look closely at your children, watch them and listen to your own heart. If the baby does not have any physiological and neurological abnormalities, then just be loving and attentive parents, and after a while the baby will speak in such a way that it simply cannot be stopped.

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The richer and more correct the child's speech, the easier it is for him to express his thoughts, the wider his ability to know reality, the more complete future relationships with children and adults, his behavior, and, consequently, his personality as a whole. Conversely, a child's unclear speech will greatly complicate his relationships with people and often leaves a heavy imprint on his character.

At the age of 5, children with speech impediments feel them painfully, become shy, withdrawn, and some even irritable. In such children, one can observe the manifestation of aggression towards peers, and sometimes towards adults.

Our task is to educate a full-fledged personality. To do this, it is necessary to create conditions for free communication of the child with the team. To do everything to ensure that children master their native language as early as possible, speak correctly and beautifully.

In the family, the child is understood perfectly, and he does not experience any particular inconvenience if his speech is imperfect. The circle of connections of the child with the outside world is gradually expanding, and it is very important that both peers and adults understand it. Therefore, the sooner you teach your child to speak correctly, the freer he will feel in a team.

The question of the purity of speech acquires special significance with the arrival of the child in school. In school, speech impediments can cause student failure. From the first day of being at school, the child has to make extensive use of speech: answer in the presence of the whole class, ask questions, read aloud, and the shortcomings of speech are detected immediately.

Of particular importance is the correct pure pronunciation of sounds and words during the period of teaching a child to read and write, since written speech is formed on the basis of oral speech.

A close relationship has been established between the purity of the sound of children's speech and spelling literacy. Younger students write mostly the way they speak. Among the underachieving primary school students, there is a large percentage of children who are tongue-tied.

What should be paid attention to in the organization of homework? How to help a child?

Deficiencies in pronunciation can be the result of violations in the structure of the articulation apparatus: deviations in the development of teeth, incorrect positioning of the upper teeth in relation to the lower ones, etc. To prevent speech defects, it is very important to monitor the condition and development of the dental system, seek advice from a dentist in time, eliminate defects, treat teeth.

Particular attention should be paid to hearing. Hearing plays an important role in the child's mastery of speech, in the correct and timely assimilation of sounds. Hearing speech, individual words, sounds, the child begins to pronounce them himself. Even with a slight decrease in hearing, he loses the ability to perceive speech normally. Therefore, it is very important for parents to pay attention to the development of the baby's hearing. It is necessary to protect the child's hearing from constant strong sound effects (radio, TV turned on at full volume), and in case of diseases of the hearing organs, treat them in a timely manner, and not with home remedies, but in medical institutions.

Adults should help the child master the correct pronunciation, but speech development should not be forced. It is harmful to load the baby with complex speech material, force him to repeat words he does not understand, memorize poems that are complex in form, content and volume, learn correctly, pronounce sounds that, due to the unpreparedness of the articulatory apparatus, are not yet available to him (for example, at 2-3 years old, learn correctly, pronounce hissing sound r), read works of art intended for school-age children.

The child learns speech by imitation. Therefore, it is very important that you adults watch your pronunciation, speak slowly, clearly pronounce all sounds and words.

Often the reason for the incorrect pronunciation of sounds is the child's imitation of the defective speech of adults, older brothers, sisters, comrades, with whom the baby often communicates.

Parents should also pay attention to the fact that when communicating with a child, especially at an early and younger preschool age, one should not “fake” a child’s speech, pronounce words distortedly, use truncated words or onomatopoeia instead of generally accepted words (“bibika”, “lyala” etc.), lisp. This will only slow down the assimilation of sounds, delay the timely mastery of the dictionary. The frequent use of words with diminutive or affectionate suffixes, as well as words that are inaccessible to his understanding or complex in sound-syllabic terms, does not contribute to the development of the child's speech. If your child incorrectly pronounces any sounds, words, phrases, you should not mimic him, laugh or, conversely, praise him. It is also impossible to demand the correct pronunciation of sounds during that period of the baby's life when this process is not completed.

Some shortcomings in the speech of children can be eliminated only with the help of specialists, speech therapists. But a number of shortcomings are easy to eliminate, and accessible to parents. In the family, they usually correct the child when he pronounces this or that sound or word incorrectly, but they do this not always correctly. Correction of speech errors must be approached very carefully. You can not scold the child for his bad speech and demand that he immediately and correctly repeat a difficult word for him. Often this leads to the fact that the child refuses to speak at all, closes in on himself. You need to correct mistakes in a tactful, friendly tone. Do not repeat a child's mispronounced word. It is better to give an example of his pronunciation.

Studying with a child at home, reading a book to him, looking at illustrations, parents often offer him to answer questions about the content of the text, retell the content of the tale (story), answer what is shown in the picture. Children cope with these tasks, but make speech errors. In this case, you should not interrupt the child, you should give him the opportunity to complete the statement, and then point out the mistakes, give a sample.

Very often children ask us different questions. Sometimes it is difficult to find the correct answer to them. But the questions of the child cannot be evaded. In this case, you can promise to give an answer when the child eats (takes a walk, completes some task, etc.), while the adult prepares for the story during this time. Then the baby will receive the correct information, see an interesting interlocutor in the face of an adult, and in the future will strive to communicate with him.

In the family, it is necessary to create such conditions for the child so that he feels satisfaction from communicating with adults, older brothers and sisters, receives from them not only new knowledge, but also enriches his vocabulary, learns to correctly build sentences, pronounce sounds and words correctly and clearly. interesting to tell.

Games and poems, exercises that you can use at home, serve to develop the correct pronunciation, help to reflect on the sound, semantic, grammatical content of the word, develop the small muscles of the fingers, which helps to prepare the child's hand for writing.

Exercises for the development of the articulatory apparatus

"Spatula". The mouth is open, a wide relaxation tongue lies on the lower lip.

One, two, three, four, five,

We go, we go for a walk

Take all spatulas

Let's go to the sandbox.

I have a spatula

Wide and smooth.

"Cup". The mouth is wide open. The anterior and lateral edges of the wide tongue are raised, but do not touch the teeth.

Do you like to drink tea?

Then don't yawn!

Open your mouth

Get the cup.

"Arrow". The mouth is open. Narrow tense tongue pushed forward.

open your mouth wide

And pull your tongue forward.

One, two, three, four, five -

We will execute the arrow.

Dynamic tongue exercises

"Horse". Stick your tongue to the sky, click your tongue. Click slowly and strongly, pull the hyoid ligament.

Tsok-tsok-tsok!

We all said

How the horses galloped.

Here the horses galloped

Tongue, click with us

Hey, where's the smile?

Teeth and sticky.

"Harmonic". The mouth is open. Stick your tongue to the sky. Without lifting the tongue from the palate, strongly pull down the lower jaw.

Antoshka has an accordion.

Let's play a little.

"Painter". The mouth is open. With a wide tip of the tongue, like a brush, we lead from the upper incisors to the soft palate.

We carefully paint: back and forth,

I smile, but the language does not understand

How will he paint the hard sky in time?

Let's paint the ceiling!

The house painter was in a hurry

And dragged the brush away.

"Delicious jam" The mouth is open. Lick the upper lip with a wide tongue and remove the tongue deep into the mouth.

Oh what a meal!

Very tasty jam!

Put your tongue wide

And lift up the edges.

Lick the upper lip

I love jam very much.

To everyone's surprise

Delicious jam.

Who loves jam

Makes a move -

Lick your lip

Show tongue.

Lip exercises

"Fence". The teeth are closed. Upper and lower teeth are exposed. Lips stretched into a smile.

Smile and you

Show me your strong teeth.

We will paint the boards

And let's put it like this.

Ducks walk behind the fence

And scream quack-quack!

We opened our mouth wider

Teeth showed

Lips stretched out

Drowned in a smile.

"Tube". Protrude lips forward barrel.

Chi-chi-chi like trumpeters

Let's all pull lips

Let's show the tubes.

"Proboscis". Pull closed lips forward.

Look, who is this? This is an elephant with a proboscis.

Exercises for finger gymnastics

"House". Fingers spread downwards rest on the table.

"Bunny". The index and middle fingers are separated, the ring and little fingers are half-bent and tilted towards the thumb.

The index and middle fingers are raised up - these are the ears; the remaining fingers are gathered into a fist - the torso.
Complexes of finger gymnastics (in games and exercises)

"We are building a house." The hands are clenched into fists, the thumb is raised up - this is a hammer. Throughout the poem, the hammer hammers in the nails (movement from top to bottom with the thumb - first straight, then bent).

An adult reads poetry:

All day long here and there.

There is a loud knock.

Hammers are knocking

We are building a house for rabbits.

Hammers are knocking

We are building a house for squirrels.

This house is for squirrels

This house is for bunnies.

Chukomina N.V.
Educator AU DO "Kindergarten Berezka
Uvatsky municipal district "Tyumen region, with. Uvat.

Games for the development of conversational speech

The basis for such games is ordinary speech. The child gets a useful experience of free and grammatically correct colloquial speech. Games are useful for stimulating positive emotions if the child is fenced off, withdrawn, offended.

"Skillful rhymes". It is useful to refer to such a game when offended by a peer, brother or sister.

Make up, make up, make up and don't fight anymore, and if you fight, you'll be left without a friend.

* Hey, hand, shake, shake, just don't fight anymore.

* Relax arm, relax and don't pinch anymore.

* Oh, the hand is stuck! I let go of my hand, I grab it by the torso. You call a good one, I release my hand.

Game rhymes that help to survive the feeling of resentment.

Away with resentment - you are forgotten anyway,

Run to the yard, climb over the fence,

Get on your horse, ride from me!

Development of the child's grammatical abilities

These games help develop grammatical abilities in children without cramming the letters of the alphabet, without dull reading of syllables from a book.

"Memorize Letters". Purpose: to help the child remember the letters of the alphabet, relying on auditory, visual, muscle memory.

* An adult circles the letter along the contour, naming it, and the child strokes the letter with a pencil or paints over it.

* The adult draws the contours of the intended letter in the air, the child tries to guess and name it. In a similar way, an adult draws a letter on the back of a child.

* The letter is molded from plasticine, constructed from matches, counting sticks, seeds.

* An adult with a child in turn name the similarity of a letter with objects from the outside world.

"Hide and seek with letters". Purpose: to train ingenuity, imagination, the ability to recognize familiar letters in graphic contours.

An uncomplicated pattern is drawn on a sheet of paper, on sand, on asphalt. It is necessary, having carefully looked at it, to see the outlines of letters in its lines and show them in a pattern along the contour in turn.

fairy tale games

At home, all family members can participate in such games.

"Guess the name of the story". All participants alternately throw the ball to each other and name the first word or syllable of the conceived fairy tale. The one who caught the ball guesses and pronounces the full name.

Sivka… Zayushkina… Skate… Ugly… Frost… Princess… Geese… Boy… Red… Tiny… Inch… Flower… Scarlet… Golden… Bremen… Doctor…

"What's extra?"

One of the players names several words that are found in the conceived fairy tale, and one does not apply to this fairy tale. Other players guess the fairy tale and name an extra word.

Fox, hare, hut, palace, dog, rooster (fairy tale "The Fox and the Hare").

Grandfather, grandmother, granddaughter, turnip, cucumber (tale "Turnip").

Mashenka, ducks, Vanyusha, Baba Yaga, geese - swans (fairy tale "Geese - swans").

Emelya, old man, pike, sons, swan, Marya - princess (fairy tale "At the command of a pike").

An old man, a fish, an old woman, a washing machine, a trough ("The Tale of the Fisherman and the Fish").

"Fairytale nonsense". This game unites all participants, develops a sense of humor in both adults and children, gives a boost of joy, helps to defuse tension, switch from monotonous business.

A small fairy tale is taken as the content basis of the game, a game modification is invented. It is more interesting to play fairy tales in which actions are repeated repeatedly: "Turnip", "Teremok", "Fox and Hare". Roles are distributed between the participants, each character is assigned a duty phrase, which he pronounces every time in the course of the tale after the name of his character.

For example: the fairy tale "Turnip".

An approximate set of duty phrases for the characters of the fairy tale:

Turnip - "Wow!"

Grandfather - "I'll show you!"

Grandmother - "To you ..."

Granddaughter - "Cool."

Bug - "I'll sing now."

The cat is "Bubble Gum".

Mouse - "Come out, vile coward!".

Grandfather (...) planted a turnip (...). A turnip has grown (...) big - very big.

The grandfather (...) began to pull the turnip (...): he pulls - he pulls - he cannot pull it out.

The grandfather (...) called the grandmother (...). Grandmother (...) for grandfather (...), grandfather (...) for turnip (...) - they pull - they pull - they cannot pull it out.

The grandmother (...) called her granddaughter (...). Granddaughter (...) for grandmother (...), grandmother (...) for grandfather (...), grandfather (...) for turnip (...) - they pull - they pull - they cannot pull it out.

The granddaughter (...) called the bug (...). A bug (...) for a granddaughter (...), a granddaughter (...) for a grandmother (...), a grandmother (...) for a grandfather (...), a grandfather (...) for a turnip (...) - they pull, they pull, they cannot pull. The bug (...) called the cat (...). Cat(...) for Bug(...), Bug(...) for granddaughter(...), granddaughter(...) for grandmother(...), grandmother(...) for grandfather(...), grandfather(...) for turnip(...)- they pull, they pull, they can't pull.

The cat (...) clicked the mouse (...). Mouse(...) for the cat(...), cat(...) for the Bug(...), Bug(...) for the granddaughter(...), granddaughter(...) for the grandmother(...), grandmother(...) for the grandfather(...), grandfather (...) by the turnip (...) - pull - pull - pulled the turnip (...)!

Cheerful ABCs

This group of games helps children learn a lot of new words from the life, replenish vocabulary, knowledge about the language.

Ball game "Say the other way around".

Winter summer. Heat - cold. True False. The rich man is the poor man. Bitter - sweet. Useful - harmful ...

"Magic Wand Fairy Vocabulary"

The game requires a "magic" wand. One end of the wand reduces and the other increases.

An adult player calls a word, then touches one of the children with a stick. The child calls the given word either diminutive or augmentative, depending on the end of the stick that was touched to the child.

House - house - house. Bridge - bridge - bridge. Rain - rain - rain. Cat - cat - cat ...

Senior educator MADOU d / s No. 7 Ishim

Everyone knows what an important function in the life of the human body is performed by breathing. In addition to its main physiological function - the implementation of gas exchange - respiration also provides such a function as speech breathing. Speech breathing (diaphragmatic) is the basis of sounding speech, the source of the formation of sounds, voices.

The mechanism of this type of breathing is inherent in us by nature from the very beginning. This is the oldest type of breathing inherent in all warm-blooded and 90% of the total need for breathing is carried out due to it.

The main muscle that powers this type of breathing is diaphragm. It separates the abdominal and thoracic cavities. When you inhale, the diaphragm relaxes and, descending, puts pressure on the abdominal organs, which in turn are pressed against the abdominal wall, causing it to bulge and round. On exhalation, the diaphragm contracts, compresses the lungs, and the abdominal wall retracts. In this case, the upper part of the chest remains motionless. Outwardly, it looks like belly breathing.

When correcting speech disorders, it becomes necessary to specially organize and develop speech breathing, breathing exercises are of particular importance. Appropriate gymnastics is aimed at developing in children the skills of proper rational breathing, arbitrary control of the process of air flow movement.

Exercises for the formation of diaphragmatic exhalation

The child is in the supine position. The child's hand rests on the upper abdomen (diaphragmatic area). The child's attention is drawn to the fact that his stomach "breathes well." You can put a toy on your stomach to attract attention. This exercise lasts an average of 2-3 minutes. The exercise should be performed effortlessly to avoid hyperventilation and increased muscle tone.

Blow out the candle

Children hold strips of paper about 10 cm from their lips. Children are invited to slowly and quietly blow on the "candle" so that the flame of the "candle" is deflected. The speech therapist notes those children who blew on the “candle” the longest.

busted tire

Starting position: children spread their arms in front of them, depicting a circle - a “tire”. On exhalation, the children pronounce the sound “sh-sh-sh” slowly. At the same time, the arms are slowly crossed, so that the right hand rests on the left shoulder and vice versa. The chest at the time of exhalation is easily compressed. Occupying the starting position, the children involuntarily take a breath.

Inflate a tire

Children are offered to pump up a “burst tire”. Children “squeeze” their hands into fists in front of their chest, taking an imaginary handle of the “pump”. A slow forward bend is accompanied by an exhalation to the sound “ssss”. When straightening, inhalation is made involuntarily.

Balloon

The exercise is similar to the exercise "Tire Burst", but during the exhalation, the children pronounce the sound "ffff".

beetle buzzing

Starting position: raise your arms to the sides and take them back a little, like wings. Exhaling, the children say “zhzhzh”, lowering their hands down. Occupying the starting position, the children involuntarily take a breath.

Crow

Starting position: raise your arms through the sides up. Slowly lowering their hands and crouching, the children pronounce “K-a-a-a-r” drawlingly. The speech therapist praises those "crows" that slowly descended from the tree to the ground. Occupying the starting position, the children involuntarily take a breath.

sawing firewood

Starting position: stand opposite each other in pairs, hold hands and imitate sawing firewood: hands on yourself - inhale, hands away from you - exhale.

Woodcutter

Starting position: stand up straight, legs slightly narrower than shoulders; as you exhale, fold your hands with an ax and lift up. Sharply, as if under the weight of an ax, lower the outstretched arms as you exhale, tilt the body, allowing the hands to “cut through” the space between the legs. Say "uh". Repeat 6-8 times.

Starting position: sit down, clasping the legs of a chair with your legs, put your hands on your belt. Inhale, slowly turn the body to the side; on the exhale, show how the mosquito rings - “z-z-z”; quickly return to the starting position. A new breath - and turn in the other direction.

Now many mothers are engaged with their babies in the development of motor skills, memory, attention, perception. But a lot of people forget about speech. The proposed complex is universal: for children who do not have speech problems, it will help develop beautiful clear speech. And for those who have impaired sound pronunciation, exercises will help you speak correctly faster. The exercises are quite simple, you just need to familiarize yourself with them in advance and figure out how to motivate the baby. Perhaps these will be appropriate pictures or a fairy tale composed on the go.

The first five exercises make up a complex of articulatory gymnastics, it is better to perform them sequentially one after another, 3-5 times each. At first, it is advisable to do this in front of a mirror so that the baby can control and evaluate himself.

1. Exercise "Window"

Open your mouth wide and hold it in this position until the count 5. Close your mouth.

2. Exercise "Fence"

Part your lips in a smile, show closed teeth. Hold the lips in this position until the count of 5.

3. Exercise "Watch"

Smile, open your mouth, move your tongue either to the left or to the right corner of your mouth.

4. Exercise "Knead the dough"

Smile, open your mouth, slap your lips on your tongue, saying: "five-five-five." Then bite your tongue with your teeth, saying: "ta-ta-ta."

5. Exercise "Horse"

Smile, open your mouth wide, click your tongue loudly, as if imitating the clatter of a horse's hooves.

The following five exercises help develop voice power, speech breathing and phonemic hearing (it is necessary for distinguishing sounds and correctly listening to other people's speech). After conducting articulation gymnastics, you can choose one of these exercises, or several, and play.

6. The game "Echo"

Stand with your child facing each other. Throw a ball to him and say a combination of vowel sounds loudly. For example: "ay", "wa", "io", etc. The task of the child is to catch the ball and repeat the same combination, only quietly. Then you need to change with the baby. He pronounces the syllables loudly, and you - quietly.

7. The game "Steamboat"

Invite the child to buzz like a big steamer, then like a small steamer. Like a steamship that sails far and near. At the same time, say "doo-doo" with varying degrees of volume and strength of voice.

8. The game "Clap when you hear"

Goal: development of phonemic hearing, the ability to clearly perceive what is heard and differentiate sounds that are similar in sound.

We explain to the child that he will have to clap his hands when he hears a certain sound. For example: the sound "m". Then the adult pronounces a series of sounds, where "m" alternates with others. For example: "m", "v", "n", "l", etc. And monitors the correct performance of the task by the child. In the future, this exercise can be complicated and learn to isolate the desired sound first in syllables, and then in words.

9. Game "Football"

Purpose: development of speech breathing.

On the table we build from improvised means (matchboxes, children's cubes) a semblance of a football goal. We roll several small balls from cotton wool - these will be balls. We offer the kid to blow on the ball and score goals in the goal. At the same time, we make sure that when exhaling, he does not inflate his cheeks.

10. Proverbs, tongue twisters, tongue twisters

Just pick the ones you like, learn with your child and repeat periodically. Their role in the development of speech is very great. No wonder actors, announcers, TV presenters are constantly practicing in the skill of pronouncing tongue twisters.

To diversify speech games, to make them more intense and interesting, I recommend purchasing special manuals. Recently, they are produced in large quantities and you can choose the one that you like and is right for you.
For example:
- "Lessons of a speech therapist" Kosinova E.M.;
- "Album on the development of speech for the smallest. Learning to speak beautifully and correctly” Novikovskaya O.A.;
- "Album on the development of speech for the smallest" Batyaeva S.V.;
- "Album on the development of speech" Volodin V.S.;
- "Speech therapy games for children" Gavrilova A.S., Shanina S.A., Rashchupkina S.Yu.

Ekaterina Petunina

The child masters speech gradually, starting from birth. First, he learns to understand the speech addressed to him, and then begins to speak himself. Therefore, you should protect your hearing from strong sound effects (do not turn on the TV or music at full power), prevent chronic colds, monitor the health of the hearing organs.

Already up to a year, you can hear the first "dad" and "mum" from the child. By the age of three, as a rule, the child already begins to speak in phrases. Simultaneously with the development of speech, the thinking and imagination of the child develops. Attention, memory, thinking are the foundations on which speech is built.

When talking with a child, constantly pay attention to your own speech: it should be clear and intelligible. Do not lisp, the child must learn to speak correctly. Do not speak loudly or too quickly to your child.

The causes of poorly developed speech in a child can be:

violations in the development of the muscles of the articulatory-speech apparatus, low development of phonemic hearing, poor vocabulary, deficiencies in the development of grammatical skills.

Violation of sound pronunciation and articulation - the child incorrectly pronounces individual sounds, his speech is characterized by insufficient intelligibility and expressiveness, and its pace is slower than that of peers.

Shortcomings in the development of sound-letter perception and sound-letter analysis (low development of phonemic hearing) - insufficient development of the ability to hear, recognize and distinguish sounds and their combinations, not confuse them. No less important are the skills of sound-letter synthesis - the ability to understand the relationship between sounds and their combinations.

The main violations of this kind include: the inability to isolate sounds sequentially or according to their location; inability to distinguish sounds by hardness, softness, sonority, deafness; inability to designate hardness - softness in writing. For the same reasons, the acquisition of the skill of word formation and inflection is inhibited. Deficiencies in the development of the lexical and grammatical structure of speech - the child does not know how to correctly compose and understand grammatical constructions, incorrectly uses genders and cases. This also includes the inability to correctly place stresses, which leads to distortion of the word beyond recognition. Insufficient development of semantic guessing - the child does not know how, based on the context, to correctly predict the end of a word or phrase. Insufficient development of vocabulary - poor vocabulary, difficulty in understanding the meaning of words due to their absence in the child's active vocabulary. The child finds it difficult to establish a lexical connection between the words he read, he does not understand the new meaning that they acquire in combination with each other.

It should be noted that the quality and quantity of a child's vocabulary largely determine the level of speech development in general. It is very important to pay attention to both passive (that is, those words that are stored in memory) and active (words that are constantly used) vocabulary. It is necessary for the child to know what meanings the word has, to be able to use it correctly in independent speech.

In this section of the site you will find speech development classes designed for classes with children from 1 to 7 years old (and possibly older, if the child does not speak well for school). The first lessons with a child are finger games, because fine motor skills greatly affect the development of speech abilities. Next - poems, sayings, reading books. Articles will help you understand if your child speaks correctly: are the words he uses enough, whether he connects them together and pronounces them correctly.