A single set of standards. Organization scheme and options for calculating air exchange in an apartment

The main indicators of the air-thermal comfort of the premises are the composition and purity of the air (air quality) and the microclimate parameters provided by heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems.

Indoor air quality depends on many factors: outdoor air quality; the presence of sources of pollution in the room, the power and location of these sources; the method of organizing air exchange and the design of the ventilation and air conditioning system, the quality of operation of this system, etc.

The air in the room should not contain pollutants in concentrations that are dangerous to human health or cause discomfort. Such contaminants include: various gases, vapors, microorganisms, tobacco smoke and some aerosols, such as dust. Pollutants can enter the premises together with outdoor supply air, from sources of pollutants in the premises, including human waste products, technological processes, furniture, carpets, building and decorative materials.

The current air quality standards (SP 60.13330, industry-specific SPs, documents of the state sanitary and epidemiological supervision of the Russian Federation (see paragraph 2 of this standard)) contain incomplete and sometimes contradictory data.

There are a number of foreign standards, European and American, related to air quality, including the ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2016 Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality (Ventilation to ensure acceptable air quality), DIN EN 13779:2007 Ventilation for non-residential buildings - Performance requirements for ventilation and room-conditioning systems, EN 15251:2007 Indoor environmental input parameters for design and assessment of energy performance of buildings addressing indoor air quality, thermal environment , lighting and acoustics (Input parameters internal environment for design and evaluation energy performance buildings regarding indoor air quality, thermal environment, lighting and acoustics), CIBSE Guide A:2015 Environmental design. Ch. 1. Environmental criteria for design

When developing the "" standard, domestic and foreign regulatory documents were used. ASHRAE Standard 62.1–2016 was used as a prototype as the most complete and reflective of the results latest research in the field of air quality.

In the standard " BUILDINGS RESIDENTIAL AND PUBLIC. Air exchange rates"Two methods are proposed for calculating the minimum air exchange rates sufficient to provide air of acceptable quality in the room:
- a technique based on specific air exchange rates, the domestic analogue of which is the calculation
supply air flow rate according to the rated multiplicity and the rated specific flow rate (Appendix G to SP 60.13330.2016);
- a technique based on the calculation of permissible concentrations of pollutants, a domestic analogue
which is the calculation of the supply air flow by the mass of harmful or explosive substances (Appendix G to SP 60.13330.2016).

The standard attempts to harmonize domestic norms and ASHRAE Standard 62.1–2016.

The application of the norms of the standard does not worsen the quality of indoor air and does not contradict the current regulations. The standard allows you to optimize the amount of air exchange to the outside air in the premises, depending on the specific application conditions.

This standard specifies the norms for the minimum air exchange in the premises of residential buildings during periods when they are not in use; the values of maximum allowable concentrations (MPC) of radioactive gases (radon, thoron) are given; the data given in the first edition has been updated.

Standard " BUILDINGS RESIDENTIAL AND PUBLIC. Air exchange rates"is intended for engineers who design and operate ventilation and air conditioning systems.

Those who bought this item also bought

ABOK Standard 3-2003 Building Automation and Control Systems. Part 1. General Provisions»

AVOK STANDARD - 3 - 2003
Industry standard

ABOK
STANDARD

BUILDING AUTOMATION AND CONTROL SYSTEMS

Part 1. General Provisions

NP Engineers for Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning, Heat Supply and Construction Thermal Physics (NP AVOK)

Moscow-2003

ABOK standard. Building automation and control systems. Part 1. General provisions. -M.: AVOK-PRESS, 2003.

Developed by the NP "ABOK" Committee "Smart Buildings and Information and Control Systems":

A. M. Abramov, technical director of ARMO-Engineering;

A. A. Baranov, technical director of 000 "Micros Engineering";

N. V. Voevodenko, head of the company's representative office Sauter in Russia;

A. V. Golyshko, chief expert of the MTU-Inform company;

B. M. Liberman, head of the intellectual engineering department of the Optima company;

V. A. Maksimenko, Marketing Director of 000 Micro Engineering;

V. V. Muravyov, director of RussSparta;

G. I. Nishchev, leading specialist of the Optima company;

O. E. Pavlov, CEO 000 "Smart Houses";

A. G. Rimsky, manager for work with corporate clients of the company Honeywell;

I. P. Tarasov, chief engineer of the Safety Formula group of companies;

A. V. Freidman, Deputy Director of Naucilus LLC;

A. V. Khukhrygin, Deputy Director of the Corporate Development Department of the Formula

Security."

Committee Chairman - A. A. Baranov.

Approved and put into effect by the Resolution of the Presidium of NP "ABOK" dated March 1-2, 2003

Introduced for the first time

The standard is temporary, valid for 1 year. Comments and suggestions on the standard are accepted until March 12, 2004

ON THE PRINCIPLES AND ORDER OF DEVELOPMENT
AND APPLICATIONS OF ABOK STANDARDS

"ABOK Standards" is the name of technical materials in the field of heating, ventilation, air conditioning, heat and cold supply, thermal protection, microclimate of buildings and structures and their elements, presented in the form of regulatory documents. The name "Standards" was given to them based on the international nature of the content of this term for technical materials presented in the form of regulatory documents, which corresponds to the world practice of developing regulatory documents professional organizations similar profile, for example, ASHRAE , ARI , REHVA , SCANVAC . In Russia, there are names for regulatory documents: “Building Norms and Rules” (SNiP), “Code of Rules for Design and Construction” (SP), which are on different languages will have different spelling and sound.

In international practice, the name of the technical document "Standard", as a rule, corresponds to the recommendatory document in the industry.

NP "ABOK" as a professional association of specialists, the main task which contribute to the progress of the industry, develops ABOK standards with the aim of:

Raising the level of design, construction and operation with a focus on the use of modern technologies in heating and ventilation equipment;

Improving the quality of the microclimate of buildings;

Improving the energy efficiency of buildings;

Harmonization of the domestic regulatory framework with progressive international standards. The system for preparing each ABOK standard includes two stages:

1. Introduction into use of a "temporary" standard with a validity period of 1 year. During this period, its approbation, the collection of comments and suggestions and the preparation of a standard with a validity period of 4 years.

2. Introduction to the use of the standard with a validity period of 4 years, its further improvement and reissue.

ABOK standards have advisory status. NP ABOK strives to ensure their support from the Office of Standardization, Technical Regulation and Certification of the Gosstroy of Russia, Moskomarchitectura, Mosgosexpertiza, as well as other regional organizations interested in using these documents. After a year of approbation, with a positive conclusion on the possibility of their use, ABOK standards are submitted to the relevant organizations for approval and giving them a regional or federal status.

ABOK standards apply to the scope of activities of NP ABOK, and may also apply to other areas of construction.

ABOK standards relate to the design, construction, testing, operation, certification of systems and equipment for heating, ventilation, air conditioning, heat and cold supply, thermal protection, microclimate of buildings and structures and their elements.

NP "AVOK" actively participates in the development of international regulatory and methodological documents and pursues a policy of adapting these documents for Russian conditions if it is economically and practically feasible.

ABOK STANDARD

AUTOMATION AND CONTROL SYSTEMS
BUILDINGS

Part 1. GENERAL PROVISIONS

Introduction

Committee of NP "ABOK" "Smart buildings and information and control systems" in the framework of cooperation with the committee ISO /TC 205, working group 3 ( WG 3), as well as with TC 439 of the State Standard of Russia "Automation Tools and Control Systems" prepared the ABOK standard "Building Automation and Control Systems (SAiUZ) (Building Automation and Control Systems- BACS ). Part 1. General Provisions. This standard is a fundamental part of the unified set of standards "Building Automation and Control Systems" (SAiZ) (Building Automation and Control Systems- BACS), including:

1. General Provisions;

2. Basic provisions;

3. Documentation rules;

4. Ensuring compatibility;

5. Requirements for the components of automated systems (AS);

6. Requirements for the AU;

7. Creation, functioning and development of the AU;

8. Typical and unified solutions in the AU;

9. Other standards.

Unified set of standards

The unified set of ABOK SA&UZ standards listed above was developed to help organizations and enterprises implement SA&UZ ( BACS ) when designing new buildings and reconstructing existing buildings in order to create an acceptable building environment, improve and ensure the energy efficiency of buildings, maintain a controlled comfortable living environment.

A single set of standards consists of 9 parts, each of which is a separate standard.

Part 1. General Provisions

This part sets:

1. Purpose and relationship of all parts of the standard. It includes an overview and detailed information about the structure of the unified set of standards for the SA&UZ industry, the scope, distribution, standardization objects, classification and designation of regulatory and technical documentation included in the unified set of AU standards.

2*. Basic terms and definitions in the field of the AU, including terms specific to the AU of specific types, an industry dictionary with terms and definitions for understanding all parts of the standard, contains a translation of the main terms from in English in an informative application. Each part of this International Standard contains definitions of terms and abbreviations used in that part.

3*. AS classification and their constituent parts, functions and tasks solved by the AU, as well as technical, economic and other information used in the AU.

__________

* Sections 2 and 3 of Part 1 are currently under development.

Part 2. Basic provisions

This part sets:

1. Appointment of specific types of AS, describes the requirements for overall functionality and engineering services for creating automation and building management systems. Defines the terms to be used for specifications and sets the rules for compiling the functional documentation of systems specific to specific projects or applications.

Describes hardware configuration requirements, control strategies, system administration, and commissioning process.

2. Basic provisions on the composition, types of support, functions and tasks of the AU. Provides a description of a characteristic system model to which all the different types of ACS and their associations (the ACS network) can be reduced.

Part 2 covers:

Devices for administration functions, operator stations and other human-system interface devices;

Automation stations and specialized application controllers;

Funds for engineering work and commissioning;

Human-system interface ( HSI ), presentation of point information, graphics, alarms, scheduling;

Engineering and tool software.

Part 2 defines the method for describing the specifications for the supply of equipment, containing all the main elements necessary for the normal functioning of the ACS. Successful implementation and operation of the AMS requires that the supply specification be based on a complete and accurate functional description its elements.

3. Rules for intersystem and intrasystem interaction of AS. Requirements and definitions related to ACS and applied software, specific functions for installations and projects, as well as engineering functions for building management and maintenance. It provides communication functions for integrating other processes of specialized dedicated systems. The functional requirements in this part of the standard are divided into the following subclauses:

System administration and application software. Describes the requirements for independent plant systems and human-system interface programs related to the project, including the operating system. This standard does not assign this system functionality to any proprietary hardware.

System diagnostics, watchdog, redundancy, time keeping, access control, logging lists.

Point identification, event message handling, print management.

Databases, statistics, data archiving, remote access Data base , statistics , data archiving , remote access .

System communications.

Part 3. Documentation rules

This part sets:

1. Types, completeness and designation of documents included in the technical documentation for the NPP. Describes the documentation procedures needed to:

Project descriptions;

Compiling specifications qi construction cations;

Implementation of engineering;

System building;

Commissioning;

sightings (witnesses);

Drafting of documentation;

training;

2. Requirements for the composition and content of technical documentation for nuclear power plants, requirements for functions specific to installations, applications and / or projects, as well as the method of documenting the project.

Functions are divided into the following types:

Input and output functions;

Processing (control) functions;

Administration functions;

Operator functions.

Part 4: Ensuring Compatibility

This part sets:

Means and methods for ensuring compatibility and interaction of the AU;

Interfaces, algorithms and protocols for information exchange;

Data formats and rules for formalizing information;

Requirements for the compatibility of systems at the physical (instrumental), functional, linguistic, software and information levels.

Part 4 describes the requirements for methods and means of information security, describes services and data transfer protocols for computer equipment and controllers used to control and monitor heating, ventilation, air conditioning and air cooling systems ( HVAC&R ) and other building systems.

The protocols developed under Part 4 provide a complete set of messages for transporting encoded binary, analog, and character data between devices, including (but not limited to):

Binary input and output hardware values;

Analog input and output hardware values;

Binary and analog values of software tools;

Text string values;

Information scheduling;

Information about alarms and events;

Files;

control logic.

The protocols and data formats are sub-models of the AMS as a set of data structures called "objects" whose properties represent various aspects of the hardware, software and logic of the devices. These objects provide ways to identify and access information without knowing the detailed internal organization or configuration of the device.

Part 5. Requirements for the components of the AU

This part establishes for the components of the AU, classified as products for industrial purposes:

Quality indicators;

Technical requirements;

Rules and methods of control and testing.

Part 5 describes the specifications for a series of tests and methods for testing products to determine compliance with the protocol. It includes a systematic study of the extent to which the product, process or service of the interaction of AMMS meets specific requirements and describes those actions that allow you to directly or indirectly determine that necessary requirements completed. It also describes conformance testing of the implementation certification process. BACnet.

This document includes:

Requirements for the product certification process;

test specification requirements;

Basic software test requirements ( bed SW);

Requirements for the procedure for assessing the qualifications of an organization for testing.

Part 6. Requirements for the AU

This part sets:

General requirements for the AU as a whole;

Requirements for internal system communications AS;

Requirements for speakers of specific types;

Requirements for the characteristics and quality indicators of the AU.

Part 6 also describes the requirements for specific related applications and devices, for example:

Modern sophisticated control optimization;

Heating;

Fan convectors ( fan coil ) and ejector devices ( induction units);

Systems with constant air flow ( CAV ),

variable air flow ( VAV ) and radiation cooling ( radiant cooling);

Automation of common areas.

Part 7. Creation, operation and development of the AU

This part sets:

The composition and sequence of stages and stages of creating an AU;

The composition and content of work for each stage of the creation of the AU;

Types of AC tests;

Test procedure;

Rules and methods of control and testing of components of the AU.

Part 7 describes the methods of project implementation, defines the terms that should be used to describe the project.

This part of the document describes the procedures for the creation, operation and development of the AS, necessary for:

Project descriptions;

Drafting design specifications;

Implementation of engineering;

System building;

Commissioning;

sightings (witnesses);

Drafting of documentation;

Drafting a work manual;

Writing maintenance instructions;

training;

Final design (optimization);

Transfer system and subsequent operation.

Part 8. Typical and unified solutions in the AU

This part sets:

Rules and methods of unification and typification in the AU;

Methods for creating speakers based on standard and unified components;

Typical methods and solutions for the components of technical, software, information, linguistic and other types of support for the AU.

Information data

1. Prepared and submitted by the Committee of NP "ABOK" "Smart buildings and information and control systems".

2. This standard complies with the international standard EN ISO 16484-2.

3. Reference regulatory and technical documents.

As an annex to this standard, a "Album of technical solutions in the field of building automation and control" will be issued. 2003-2004

Russian FederationSTO NP "AVOK"

Standard ABOK-2-2004 Orthodox churches. Heating, ventilation, air conditioning

set a bookmark

AVOK STANDARD-2-2004
Industry standard

ABOK STANDARD

ORTHODOX CHURCHES

Heating, ventilation, air conditioning

Reissue of ABOK STANDARD-2-2002 with additions and changes

DEVELOPED by the creative team of the Non-Commercial Partnership "Engineers in heating, ventilation, air conditioning, heat supply and building thermal physics" (NP "ABOK"): Dr. tech. Sciences Yu.A.Tabunshchikov - Head (Moscow Institute of Architecture (State Academy), Candidate of Technical Sciences V.I. Bodrov (Nizhny Novgorod State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering), Candidate of Technical Sciences M.M. Brodach (Moscow Institute of Architecture (State Academy), architect M. Yu. academic institute painting, sculpture and architecture. I.E. Repina), Ph.D. tech. Sciences A.G.Kochev (Nizhny Novgorod State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering), Ph.D. tech. Sciences V.I.Livchak (Mosgosexpertiza), B.T.Sizov (Central Scientific and Restoration Design Workshops of the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation), Ph.D. tech. Sciences T.S. Shubina (Moscow Institute of Architecture (State Academy)

The Department of Standardization, Technical Regulation and Certification of the Gosstroy of the Russian Federation approves and recommends for application the standard of NP "ABOK" "Orthodox churches. Heating, ventilation, air conditioning" (Letter N 9-23 / 597 of 07/30/2002).

Mosgosexpertiza of the Government of Moscow recommends the standard of NP "ABOK" "Orthodox churches. Heating, ventilation, air conditioning" for use by designers and all organizations involved in the construction process (Letter MGE-30/1298 dated 13.08.2002).

ABOK-2-2004 standard. "Orthodox churches. Heating, ventilation, air conditioning" issued with the approval of the Moscow Patriarchate.

INTRODUCED TO REPLACE ABOK STANDARD-2-2002.

Validity - 4 years.

1 area of use

This standard applies to the design of heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems and to the choice of thermal characteristics of enclosing structures in newly erected, restored and reconstructed Orthodox churches.

This standard also applies to the design of heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems for house churches located in buildings for other purposes, which are autonomous and are considered as separate structures if they have independent heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems with individual inputs for connection to a local source. or to external networks centralized systems heat and cold supply.

When designing, the requirements for heating, ventilation and air conditioning, building heat engineering and other regulatory documents of the federal and regional levels must be observed.

The standard does not apply to the design of heating, ventilation, air conditioning and thermal protection systems for temporary churches, including those temporarily located in collapsible and other similar buildings.

2. Regulatory references

The list of regulatory documents referenced in the standard is given in Appendix 1.

When excluding a document from the current normative documents referred to in this standard, one should be guided by the rules introduced to replace the excluded ones.

3. Terms and definitions

Terms and definitions are given in Appendix 2.

4. General provisions

4.1. Heating, ventilation, air conditioning systems and thermal protection of the enclosing structures of temple buildings should be designed in accordance with this standard and taking into account the requirements of SNiP 41-01-2003 "Heating, ventilation and air conditioning", , SP 31-103-99 "Buildings, structures and complexes of Orthodox churches", ABOK Standard-1-2002 * "Residential and public buildings. Air exchange rates", GOST R 50571.25-2001 "Electrical installations of buildings and structures with electrically heated floors and surfaces", as well as taking into account the requirements of this standard.

________________

* The document is not valid. STO NP "ABOK" 2.1-2008 is in force, hereinafter in the text. - Database manufacturer's note.

4.2. The buildings of temples according to the mode of operation are divided into:

summer (unheated), operated during the warm and transitional periods of the year;
winter (heated) with year-round operation.

4.3. Temples are distinguished by a significant variety of architectural and design solutions, therefore, for each building, it is necessary to develop individual schemes for heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems.

4.4. The design of heating, ventilation, air conditioning systems, as well as thermal protection systems for reconstructed and restored churches should be started after detailed examinations of the enclosing and supporting structures, studying the temperature and humidity conditions, and operating features.

5. Permissible and optimal parameters of the internal air of temples

5.1. Ventilation and heating should be provided to ensure acceptable parameters and cleanliness of the internal air in the served area during worship hours. Permissible parameters of indoor air in the main premises of the temples are given in Table 1.

Table 1

Permissible parameters of indoor air in the serviced area of the main premises of the temple

5.2. Air conditioning should be provided to ensure optimal parameters internal air and normalized cleanliness in the serviced area of the temple or its individual sections. The optimal parameters of indoor air in the main rooms of the temples are given in Table 2.

table 2

Optimal parameters of indoor air in the serviced area of the main premises of the temple

5.3. When installing air conditioning systems in ancient temples, which are of architectural and historical and cultural value, it is recommended to provide for a rehabilitation period (1-2 years), during which the gradual achievement of normalized permissible (optimal) air parameters is ensured. This is necessary to avoid the destruction of wall and easel paintings and objects of decorative and artistic decoration of the temple, which existed for a long time in other temperature and humidity conditions, under the influence of biological factors, the crystallization of salts on the surface of the painting when the structures dry, humidity and temperature deformations.

5.4. Particularly valuable items of interior decoration (ancient icons, relics, etc.) should be protected locally, for example, by placing them in "museum showcases" in which air parameters are maintained constant over time.

5.5. The calculated value of air exchange in the premises of the temple during the heating season is taken according to Table 3.

Table 3

The amount of air exchange in the premises of the temple

Premises	Air exchange rate (1/h) or the amount of incoming and outgoing air (m/h)

The central part of the temple	According to the calculation of the performance of systems for the assimilation of hazards, but not less than 20 m / (h person) of outdoor air
Altar, sacristy, deacon's chapel	According to the calculation of the performance of systems for the assimilation of hazards, but not less than 20 m / (h person) of outdoor air. Above the place of ignition and suspension of the censer, the flow rate of the local exhaust system is at least 25 m3/h
baptismal

Office, offices, staff room

hall-audience	According to the calculation of the performance of systems for the assimilation of hazards, but not less than 30 m / (h person) of outdoor air
Library
Refectory in a separate room
Bakery and precooking

Pantry, container, rooms for cleaning equipment
Household pantry

6. Requirements for thermal protection of enclosing structures

6.1. The thermal protection of the external enclosing structures of temples must ensure the following conditions are met:

non-falling of condensate on the internal surfaces of the external enclosing structures at the calculated values of temperature and relative humidity of the internal air;
economical use of energy for heat supply of the temple.

6.2. The thermotechnical calculation of the external enclosing structures of temples is allowed to be performed according to sanitary and hygienic conditions without carrying out calculations on the specific indicators of heat consumption for heating the building (Letter of the Gosstroy of Russia N 9-23 / 418 of 05/17/2004).

6.3. The reduced resistance to heat transfer of the main enclosing structures of churches under construction and reconstruction should be taken not less than the values determined by the formula:

Where is the coefficient taken depending on the position of the outer surface of the enclosing structures in relation to the outside air and is given in Table 6 of SNiP 23-02;

Normalized temperature difference between the temperature of the internal air and the temperature of the internal surface of the building envelope, ° С, taken according to Table 5 () for the second group of buildings SNiP 23-02 ;

The heat transfer coefficient of the inner surface of the enclosing structures, W / (m ° C), taken according to Table 7 () SNiP 23-02;

Estimated average temperature of the internal air of the building, °С, taken according to minimum values optimal temperature;

Estimated outdoor temperature in cold period years, °С, taken equal to average temperature the coldest five-day period with a security of 0.92 SNiP 23-01.

The given resistance to heat transfer of the main building envelope can be changed in the direction of its increase on the basis of economic calculations.

6.4. The thermotechnical indicators of the main enclosing structures of the reconstructed temples, which have architectural and historical significance, are determined in each specific case, taking into account the need to preserve their historical value on the basis of decisions of the authorities and are agreed with the state control bodies in the field of protection of historical and cultural monuments.

6.5. The thermal performance of the filling of light openings, as well as the resistance to air penetration, vapor permeability and heat resistance of enclosing structures must comply with the requirements of SNiP 23-02 for public buildings and SP 31-103.

6.6. For elements of enclosing structures with reduced heat-shielding performance due to design features, measures should be taken to ensure that condensation does not fall out on their internal surfaces by additional local heating or removal of excess moisture by the appropriate organization of ventilation air exchange.

6.7. During the restoration or reconstruction of temples of special architectural and historical and cultural value, when summer temples are transferred to year-round operation, as well as in new temples - monuments of irregular use, the actual values of heat transfer resistance of enclosing structures may not meet the requirements of clause 6.2. In this case, the heating and ventilation systems must ensure that condensation does not fall on the inner surfaces of the walls and the covering of the temple.

6.8. The rational arrangement of window blocks along the depth of the light opening in order to exclude the possibility of condensation or freezing of the window slope structure must be determined on the basis of calculations of two-dimensional temperature fields.

6.10. When replacing or installing new fillings of skylights in separate bindings, the inner binding should be sealed in order to protect against the penetration of moisture from the internal air into the interpane space.

6.11. If it is necessary to increase the vapor permeability resistance of the inner layer of the enclosing structure, the vapor barrier layer should be located at the inner surface of the structure no deeper than the plane whose temperature is equal to the dew point temperature of the internal air.

6.12. For newly built, reconstructed and restored churches, it is unacceptable to cover the outer surface of the enclosing structures with vapor barrier materials, for example, plaster with a layer of cement-sand plaster, line with ceramic tiles, etc.

7. Heat supply

7.1. The heat supply of the temple can be carried out from external sources or from its own autonomous heat sources located both inside the building and in attached or stand-alone buildings.

7.2. If it is necessary to install a separate local boiler house, it should be located at a distance of at least 30 m from the building on the windward side from the prevailing wind direction during the cold period.

7.3. When heat is supplied from external sources, depending on local conditions, in one of the utility rooms or in the basement of the temple, an individual heating point (ITP) or an automated control unit (AUC) is arranged in a specially allocated room.

7.4. When a temple is located in a public building, it is possible to arrange an ITP, AUU, ESH (cabinet of an electrical panel installation) common to the temple and the entire building with separate systems for accounting and regulating heat and electric energy.

8. Heating, ventilation and air conditioning

8.1. Temples with year-round operation should be equipped with central or local heating systems and natural ventilation systems, and, if justified, mechanical ventilation systems or air conditioning systems.

8.2. Normalization of the temperature and humidity regime in unheated temples is recommended to be carried out by "controlled ventilation" in accordance with the recommendations of Appendix 5.

8.3. Heating, ventilation, air conditioning systems should provide a comfortable (favorable) regime for parishioners, long-term preservation of both the structures and murals of the temple itself and easel paintings, as well as minimize the entry of aggressive gases and dust with the supply air and not create high air mobility and fluctuations in the heat and humidity regime near the surfaces of the church mural and easel painting.

8.4. The choice of the type and design solutions of heating, ventilation, air conditioning systems should be made taking into account the space-planning and architectural features the temple, the mode of its operation, the climatic region of the location, the availability of sources of heat and energy supply. For restored and reconstructed temples, it is possible to use existing heating and ventilation systems.

8.5. The design of heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems of the temple is carried out in accordance with SNiP 41-01.

8.6. For heating churches, it is possible to use water, air, electric, stove heating systems, as well as other systems that meet the requirements of SNiP 41-01 and clauses 8.1 and 8.3 of this document.

8.7. Heating devices for water heating systems can be radiators, registers, heating cabinets, low-temperature floor panels and convectors.

Heating devices for electric heating systems can be heating cables and electric convectors.

8.9. Coolant systems central heating and ventilation, as a rule, water should be used, ensuring the surface temperature of heating devices provided for by SNiP 41-01.

8.10. As a heat carrier for water heating systems with local heating devices, water with parameters of 95-70 ° C is used.

8.11. The design temperature on the surface of the heated floors should not exceed 29 °C.

8.12. Schemes of water heating systems with local heating devices should be designed taking into account the architectural and planning features of the temples.

Water heating systems can be designed as vertical one- or two-pipe, with upper (if the interior of the temple allows it) or lower wiring, or horizontal. Pipe laying should be made open, and in cases of possible violation of the interior - hidden.

Heating systems can be performed with natural or artificial circulation of the coolant.

8.13. Heaters of water heating systems are recommended to be installed near the outer walls, under light openings in niches, on the staircase leading to the choir stalls and other rooms, as well as in the basement.

8.14. Air heating units may be equipped with water, steam, electric or fire air heaters.

8.15. Central air heating systems, combined with ventilation, provide a uniform temperature throughout the volume of the serviced premises, which is especially important for heating the head drums. Air supply devices must have increased hydraulic resistance in order to ensure hydraulic stability in air distribution, subject to compliance with the standard noise level. In churches being restored and reconstructed, when installing central heating systems, the existing channels, which were previously intended for fire-air heating, should be used to the maximum.

8.16. Local heating systems are allowed to be carried out using heating cabinets with natural or mechanical stimulation.

8.17. In buildings previously equipped with stove heating, it is allowed to use existing chimneys to remove air.

8.18. Separate systems It is expedient to provide heating for separate areas of the temple, including the choirs and basement, as well as for heated floors.

8.19. In churches being reconstructed and restored, it is allowed not to provide a central heating system if the local heating system, including a stove, provides the temperature of the internal air during non-service hours according to the values recommended in Table 1.

8.20. When designing air heating systems combined with ventilation for temples, automatic control of the systems should be provided. The supply air temperature for temples with an air heating system should not exceed 40 ° C when supplied to the serviced area.

8.21. Recirculation of air in the systems of air heating and air conditioning of the premises of churches is allowed only during non-liturgical hours.

8.22. In churches with many chapels, it is possible to provide for the maintenance of all premises by a central supply ventilation system with zonal heaters in each chapel.

8.23. It is recommended to use a mechanical ventilation or air conditioning system with an adjustable supply air flow rate that would correspond to heat and moisture inputs for different modes use of the temple. It is advisable to install two ventilation or air conditioning units that would work together at maximum loads and alternately during other periods.

8.24. The amount of air exchange in the premises of the temple should be taken according to Table 3.

8.25. It is recommended to provide separate mechanical exhaust ventilation systems for the following premises of the temple complex: workshops, prosphora, toilet rooms and the basement of the temple.

8.26. For mechanical ventilation and air conditioning systems, noise suppression measures should be provided in accordance with SNiP II-12. The noise level should not exceed 35 dBA. To reduce the level of noise generated by fans, they should be placed in separate rooms with soundproof structures and silencers should be installed on the air ducts.

8.27. In the exhaust shafts it is necessary to install insulated valves with manual or remote control.

8.28. The materials and design of the ventilation ducts and chambers must not facilitate the growth and spread of microorganisms through the ventilation system.

The design of the ventilation system must comply with the requirements of SNiP 41-01.

8.29. The heat balance and air exchange of the central part of the temple are calculated for the conditions of maximum filling of the temple with parishioners (100% of the estimated capacity).

8.30. To draw up a project for an automation system and adjust the control elements of heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems, the calculation is made for the following church occupancy conditions:

in the absence of parishioners in the temple;
with a minimum filling of the temple with parishioners (10% of the estimated capacity);
with an average filling of the temple with parishioners (50% of the estimated capacity).

9. Organization of air exchange

9.1. When organizing air exchange, one should take into account the uneven release of harmful substances in churches associated with the liturgical regime. During the services, the intake of heat, moisture and carbon dioxide (CO) from people, carbon dioxide (CO) and heat from burning candles reach their maximum values. During breaks between services, the concentrations of the above-mentioned receipts are minimal and the temple building is mainly under the influence of external conditions. The organization of air exchange should provide a favorable microclimate for each mode of operation of the temple.

9.2. Supply air in multi-chapel churches is recommended to be distributed zonally to each aisle.

9.3. When choosing the “bottom-up” air exchange arrangement, air should be supplied to the serviced area, at a level not lower than 0.3 m from the floor, in compliance with the requirements for air mobility and the temperature difference between the supply and internal air.

9.4. Removal of air from the premises of the temple should be provided from the upper zone with the help of exhaust openings located in the drums of domes and domes, or through filling in the light openings in the upper zone of the temple. Such a scheme, in addition to the effective removal of moisture, solves the problem of heating the drums of the heads, increasing the temperature on the inner surfaces of the walls, the thermal resistance of which is much lower than for the main structures, and prevents condensation on the surface.

9.5. Exhaust openings located in the drums of heads should be equipped with dampers with electric drives remote control and "non-blown" visors or aeration devices. It is advisable to place aeration devices in the upper fragments of the frames. The location and design of aeration devices is determined by the volume-spatial composition, the features of the external aerodynamics of the building, the "wind rose", the arrangement of window frames and other factors.

9.6. During the periods of festive services, heat and moisture inputs increase many times over. During these periods, in the absence mechanical system ventilation during the transitional and warm periods, natural ventilation should be resorted to by opening existing window openings, taking into account the time of year.

9.7. In the room of the altar in the zone of ignition and suspension of a kindled censer, it is necessary to provide for a local exhaust.

9.8. In churches with choirs in the central part, for their ventilation, it is recommended to design the installation of exhaust fanlights in opposite window openings of the upper zone of the temple.

10. Power supply and automation

The power supply and automation of installations of heating, ventilation, air conditioning and heat supply systems for churches should be provided in accordance with clause 9 of SNiP 41-01.

It is advisable to equip the heating, ventilation (air conditioning) system with a computerized dispatching system, and, if justified, with a computerized control system, assigning the following tasks to them:

control over compliance with permissible and optimal parameters of indoor air;
control over the temperature of the internal surfaces of enclosing structures;
issuing recommendations on the optimal management of the process of heating, ventilation (air conditioning) or natural ventilation;
ensuring the economical use of energy resources for the heat supply of the temple.

The computer system must perform the functions of security and fire alarms.

11. Fire safety

Requirements for fire safety ventilation, heating and heat supply systems in churches must comply with SNiP 21-01 and NPB 108.

liturgical time- the time when divine services, prayers and trebs are performed inside the temple. Off-duty time- the rest of the time when the temple is open to individual parishioners.

Ventilation- organized exchange of air in the premises to ensure the parameters of the internal environment, characterized by indicators of temperature, humidity, mobility, gas composition and purity of the internal air in the serviced area of the premises of the temple within acceptable limits.

Ventilation natural- organized exchange of air in the premises under the influence of thermal (gravitational) and/or wind pressure.

Mechanical ventilation- organized exchange of air in the premises under the action of pressure created by fans.

Permissible indoor air parameters

provide a normal thermal state of the body with minimal stress on the mechanisms of thermoregulation of people in the temple, but can cause a local feeling of discomfort, which does not lead to a deterioration in health;
do not cause moisture or temperature deformations, leading to the rapid destruction of easel painting, artistic painting, decorative trim and worship items.

Harmful secretions- flows of heat, water vapor and carbon dioxide entering the room and adversely affecting the microclimate of the temple and the purity of the air.

Air conditioning- automatic maintenance in the serviced area of the premises of all or individual parameters of the internal air of the temple, as a rule, optimal, and the purity of the air from the conditions of a comfortable state of people and (or) the preservation of easel painting, artistic painting, decorative finishes and objects of religious rites of historical and cultural value .

The microclimate of the temple- the state of the internal environment, characterized by indicators of temperature, humidity, mobility and gas composition of the internal air and provided by heating, ventilation or air conditioning systems and heat-shielding indicators of external enclosing structures.

Optimum indoor air parameters- a combination of values of indicators of internal air, which, for any occupancy of the temple:

provide a normal thermal state of the body with minimal stress on thermoregulation mechanisms and provide a feeling of comfort for people in the temple;
do not cause humidity or temperature deformations that have a negative impact on the long-term preservation of easel painting, artistic painting, decorative finishes and objects of religious rites of historical and cultural value.

Served area- the volume of the premises of the temple, where there are people and / or easel painting, artistic painting, decorative trim, objects of rites of worship, representing architectural or historical and cultural value.

Heating- maintenance of normalized air temperature and radiation temperature in enclosed spaces.

Supply air parameters- values of temperature, relative humidity, mobility and gas composition of the air entering the room.

Exhaust air parameters- a combination of temperature, relative humidity, mobility and gas composition of the air removed from the room.

Design parameters of indoor air- design values of temperature, relative humidity, mobility and gas composition of indoor air, which are used for calculations of heating, ventilation, air conditioning and thermal protection.

Air recirculation- mixing room air with outside air and supplying this mixture to this or another room.

Air conditioning systems- a set of elements and devices designed for intake, heat and moisture treatment, transportation and distribution of supply air in the room.

Required indoor air parameters- a combination of temperature, relative humidity, mobility and gas composition of the internal air, which are assigned according to the reference documentation.

Exhaust air- air taken from the room and no longer used in it.

Annex 3 (informative)

Reference data for calculating the heat balance and air exchange of the temple premises

1. Release of heat, moisture and COfrom candles

2. Release of heat, moisture and COone person

Vyde-
CO removal, l/h

Air temperature of the serviced area of the premises

Notes

1. , - sensible and total heat, respectively, W; - moisture release, g/h.

2. Average data for adults are given; for children, a correction factor of 0.75 is introduced.

3. For the corresponding design conditions, taking into account the influence of clothing on the amount of sensible heat output by a person table value should be multiplied by a correction factor equal to: 1 - for light clothing, 0.65 - for ordinary (medium insulation) clothing, 0.48 - for insulated clothing.

3. Permissible CO concentration

4. Calculated values of temperature difference between indoor and supply air to determine the supply air temperature

When air is supplied to the service area, take 2 ° С;

when supplying air to the area above the service area, take:

4 °С at a height of 2.5-3.5 m from the floor;

(5-8) °С at a height of 4.0-7.0 m from the floor;

12 °C at a height of 7.0 m from the floor.

5. Calculated values of the temperature gradient along the height of the room to determine the temperature of the exhaust air

In cross-domed and tented churches, the temperature gradient above the serviced area where people are located to the level of exhaust openings is recommended to be taken as follows:

Annex 4 (informative)

An example of calculating the resistance to heat transfer of the wall of the central part of the temple, which is being built in the climatic conditions of Moscow

The design of the wall of the central part of the temple accepted for design consists (from inside to outside) of:

a layer of lime-sand plaster with a thickness of 0.03 m;
masonry from multi-slotted ceramic bricks on a cement-sand mortar with a thickness of 0.64 m;
lime coating.

According to SP 23-101-2000 "Design of thermal protection of buildings" * the calculated values of the thermal conductivity of the materials used in the construction are determined:

________________

* In the territory Russian Federation the document is not valid. Valid SP 23-101-2004

Regulated ventilation of unheated temples is carried out in the spring to warm and dry the premises, as well as to remove musty odors formed during the winter period when the temple was not in use.

For unheated temples in the spring, as a result of the entry of warm and humid outside air into the premises, there is a danger of condensation on the internal surfaces of massive enclosing structures that have cooled down during the winter period.

A necessary condition for the possibility of ventilation of temples is to ensure the conditions for non-condensation on the inner surfaces of walls and interior items.

Controlled ventilation of unheated temples was known in ancient Russia, and in Novgorod it was used until the beginning of the last century. There was the following original and fairly accurate in terms of physical essence method for determining the possibility of airing unheated temples. In the coldest part of the building there was a massive glass bottle of water, which was periodically taken out into the street. If at the same time the glass fogged up, this meant that the outside air, getting inside the temple, in contact with interior elements that have the same surface temperature as the bottle, would lead to condensation. That is, it is impossible to carry out ventilation during such periods.

In order to practically determine the possibility of ventilation of the temple, it is necessary to hang a psychrometer inside the temple to measure the temperature of the internal air using a dry and wet thermometer and have an aspiration psychrometer, for example, an Asman psychrometer, to determine the temperature, humidity and moisture content of the outside air.

Airing an unheated temple in the spring is allowed under the following conditions:

Appendix 6
(reference)

ABOKSTANDARD-1-2004

Industry standard

ABOK
STANDARD

BUILDINGS RESIDENTIAL
AND SOCIAL RULES
AIR EXCHANGE

Reissue
AVOK STANDARD-1-2002
with additions and changes

NP "Heating Engineers,
ventilation, air conditioning
air, heating and
building thermal physics"
(NP "AVOK")

Moscow - 2004

The Department of Standardization, Technical Regulation and Certification of the Gosstroy of Russia approves and recommends for application the standard of NP AVOK “Residential and public buildings. Air exchange rates” (letter No. 9-23/667 of 09/02/2002).

Mosgosexpertiza of the Government of Moscow recommends the NP AVOK standard “Residential and public buildings. Air exchange rates” for use by designers and all organizations involved in the construction process (letter MGE-30/1298 dated 13.08.2002).

ABOK-1-2004 standard. Buildings residential and public. Air exchange standards. - M.: AVOK-PRESS, 2004.

Developed by the creative team of the Non-Profit Partnership "Engineers for Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning, Heat Supply and Building Thermal Physics" (NP "ABOK"):

E.O. Shilkrot, Cand. tech. Sciences (JSC "TsNIIPromzdaniy") - head;

MM. Brodach, Ph.D. tech. Sciences (Moscow Institute of Architecture (State Academy));

L.A. Gulabyants, Doctor of Engineering. Sciences (Research Institute of Building Physics RAASN);

IN AND. Livchak, Ph.D. tech. Sciences (Moscomexpertiza);

Yu.A. Tabunshchikov, Doctor of Engineering. Sciences (Moscow Institute of Architecture (State Academy));

M.G. Tarabanov, Ph.D. tech. Sciences (NIC "Invent").

Introduced by the Committee for technical regulation, standardization and certification of NP "ABOK".

Approved and put into effect by the decision of the Bureau of the Presidium of NP "ABOK" dated June 9, 2004.

Validity - 4 years.

ABOUT THE PRINCIPLES AND PROCEDURE FOR THE DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF ABOK STANDARDS

"ABOK Standards" is the name of technical materials in the field of heating, ventilation, air conditioning, heat and cold supply, thermal protection, microclimate of buildings and structures and their elements, presented in the form of regulatory and methodological documents. The name "Standards" was given to them based on the international nature of the content of this term for technical materials, which corresponds to the world practice of developing such documents by professional organizations of a similar profile, for example, ASHRAE , ARI , REHVA , SCANVAC . In Russia, there are names for regulatory documents: GOSTs "Building Norms and Rules" (SNiP), "Code of Rules for Design and Construction" (SP), which in different languages will have different spellings and sounds.

In international practice, the name of the technical document "Standard", as a rule, corresponds to the recommendatory document in the industry.

NP "ABOK" as a professional association of specialists, whose main task is to promote the progress of the industry, develops ABOK standards in order to improve the level of design, construction and operation with a focus on the use of modern technologies in heating and ventilation equipment due to:

Improving the quality of the microclimate of buildings;

Improving the energy efficiency of buildings;

Harmonization of the domestic regulatory framework with progressive international standards.

The system for preparing each ABOK standard includes two stages:

1 . Introduction into use of a "temporary" standard with a validity period of 1 year. During this period, its approbation, the collection of comments and suggestions and the preparation of a standard with a validity period of 4 years.

2 . Introduction to the use of the standard with a validity period of 4 years, its further improvement and reissue.

In the development of standards and their further use, NP "AVOK" received approval from the Office of Standardization, Technical Regulation and Certification of the Gosstroy of Russia, Moscomarchitecture, Moscow State Expertise, as well as other regional organizations interested in using documents of this kind. After a year of approbation, with a positive conclusion on the possibility of their use, ABOK standards are submitted to the relevant organizations for approval and giving them a regional or federal status.

ABOK standards apply to the scope of activities of NP ABOK, as well as to other areas of construction.

NP AVOK actively participates in the development of international regulatory and methodological documents and pursues a policy of adapting these documents to Russian conditions, if it is economically and practically feasible.

ABOK STANDARD

BUILDINGS RESIDENTIAL AND PUBLIC.
NORM AIR EXCHANGE

RESIDENTIAL AND PUBLIC BUILDINGS.
AIR CHANGE RATE

Foreword

Indoor air quality depends on many factors: outdoor air quality; the presence of sources of pollution in the room, the power and location of these sources; the method and design of the ventilation and air conditioning system, the methods of control and the quality of operation of this system, etc.

The air quality standards in force today (SNiP 41-01-2003, industry-specific SNiP, VSN and SN, documents of the state sanitary and epidemiological supervision of the Russian Federation (app. pp. -)) contain incomplete and sometimes contradictory data.

There are a number of foreign standards, European and American (app. No. - ), related to air quality, including the standard ASHRAE (American Association of Heating, Refrigeration, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning Engineers), developed in 1999 (app. p.).

When developing this standard, domestic and foreign standards were used. The standard was used as a prototype ASHRAE 62-1999 Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality» as the most complete and reflects the results of the latest research in the field of air quality.

The standard proposes two methods for calculating the minimum air exchange rates sufficient to provide indoor air of acceptable quality:

A technique based on specific air exchange rates, the domestic analogue of which is the calculation of the supply air flow rate according to the normalized multiplicity and specific flow rate (Appendix M SNiP 41-01-2003, industry SNiP, VSN and SN);

A technique based on the calculation of permissible concentrations of pollutants, the domestic analogue of which is the calculation of the consumption of cloying air by the mass of harmful substances (Appendix L SNiP 41-01-2003).

The standard attempts to harmonize domestic norms and norms of the standard ASHRAE 62-1999.

The second edition of the standard clarifies the norms for the minimum air exchange in the premises of residential buildings during periods when the premises are not in use; the norms of the minimum air exchange in the premises of public buildings are presented in a more convenient form; the values of maximum allowable concentrations (MPC) of radioactive gases are given(radon, thoron); Corrected inaccuracies that were present in the first edition.

The standard is intended for engineers who design and operate ventilation and air conditioning systems.

1 area of use

1.1 . This standard establishes the minimum air exchange rates for outside air (outside air flow rates) that ensure the necessary purity (quality) of air in the serviced premises and its minimum possible adverse effect on human health. The minimum air exchange rates are not calculated.

1.2 . The air quality in the premises must be ensured regardless of the adopted ventilation system and the scheme for organizing air exchange.

1.3 . This standard applies to all rooms that people can occupy in residential and public buildings, with the exception of rooms for which other regulations or special conditions require more air exchange than established in this standard.

1.4 . This standard applies to all premises in which the microclimate parameters are provided in accordance with the requirements GOST 30494-96 , SNiP 31-01-2003 "Residential multi-apartment buildings", SNiP 2.08.02-89* "Public buildings and structures", SNiP 31-05-2003 "Public administrative buildings", MGSN 3.01-01 "Residential buildings".

1.5 . This standard deals with chemical, physical and biological pollutants entering, emitting or generated indoors that can affect air quality.

1.6 . This International Standard does not deal with factors affecting human perception of air quality, such as:

Unidentified and unstudied pollutants;

Differences in susceptibility in different people, psychological stress, etc.

1.7 . The standard proposes two methods for calculating the minimum air exchange rate required to provide indoor air of acceptable quality:

1.7.1 . Technique based on specific norms of air exchange.

The necessary air quality is ensured by supplying a certain amount of outside air into the room, depending on the purpose of the room and its mode of operation. This technique is recommended to be used to calculate the amount of air exchange in premises where, as a rule, it is not expected to change their purpose, the magnitude and nature of pollutants entering the premises during operation.

1.7.2 . Methodology based on the calculation of permissible concentrations of pollutants.

The necessary air quality is ensured by supplying a certain amount of outside air into the premises, depending on the magnitude and nature of pollutants in the premises. This technique is recommended to be used to calculate the amount of air exchange in rooms that may change their purpose and / or mode of operation during operation, in which intense sources of pollutants may be present or appear, etc.

The project documentation should indicate which of the methods used in the calculation of air exchange.

2. Regulatory references

3. Terms and definitions

Terms and definitions referred to in the text are given in App. .

4. General technical requirements

4.1 . The minimum necessary air exchange, sufficient to maintain the required air quality in the serviced areas of the premises, should be provided by a system of natural or mechanical ventilation (air conditioning) by supplying outside air and removing air that has assimilated pollutants in the premises.

4.2 . Required quality air in the serviced areas of the premises should be provided for all modes of use of the premises and the corresponding modes of operation of the ventilation systems.

4.4 . The scheme for organizing air exchange in the premises should ensure the distributionremoval of supply air, excluding its flow through areas with high pollution to areas with less pollution.

4.5 .

4.6 . Stationary local sources of harmful emissions should, as a rule, be equipped with local exhausts.

4.7 . The calculated air exchange in the premises should be taken as the largest of the supply and exhaust air costs for any mode of use of the premises.

4.8 . Outdoor air intakes and exhaust air emissions should be arranged in accordance with the requirements SNiP 41-01-2003.

4.9 . The materials and design of ventilation ducts and chambers should minimize conditions that allow the growth and spread of microorganisms through the ventilation system. The design of the ventilation system must comply with the requirements SNiP 41-01-2003.

5. Methods for determining the norms of air exchange

5.1. Technique based on specific norms of air exchange.

Permissible outdoor air quality, determined by the MPC value of pollutants in the outdoor air;

Norms of specific air exchange in the premises of residential and public buildings;

Modes of operation of ventilation (air conditioning) systems under variable loads and / or with periodic use of premises.

5.1.1 . The concentration of harmful substances in the outdoor (atmospheric) air used for ventilation (conditioning) should not exceed the MPC in the air of populated areas.

MPC values should be taken in accordance with GN 2.1.6.695-98, GN 2.1.6.696-98, GN 2.1.6.716-98, GN 2.1.6.7135-98, GN 2.1.6.789-99, GN 2.1.6.790-99.

MPC values for pollutants most frequently present in atmospheric air are presented in Table. .

In the case of the joint presence in the atmospheric air of several harmful substances that have a summation of action, the sum of their relative concentrations, calculated according to the following formula, should not exceed 1:

Here C i- concentration valuei-th pollutant in the outside air, mg/m 3 .

5.1.2 . If the level of outdoor air pollution exceeds the figures given in Table. , it needs to be cleaned.

In cases where existing cleaning technologies do not provide the required purity of outdoor air, a short-term (for example, during rush hours on roads) decrease in the amount of outdoor air is allowed.

Table 1

Maximum permissible concentrations of pollutants in the air of settlements

Substance	MPC in outdoor air, q H MPC, mg / m 3
Substance	maximum single	average daily
nitrogen dioxide	0,085	0,04
Dust non-toxic		0,15
Lead	0,001	0,0003
Sulfur dioxide		0,05
Hydrocarbons (benzene)
Carbon monoxide
Phenol	0,01	0,003
Carbon dioxide*:
populated area (village)
small towns
big cities	1000	1000

* MPC for carbon dioxide is not standardized, given value is a reference.

5.1.3 . An acceptable air quality will be ensured in the room if the established norms of specific air exchange are observed in it (Table 1). and ).

Notes:

1 . If it is known or suspected that unusual pollutants or their sources are present in the room, the amount of air exchange should be established using a methodology based on the calculation of permissible concentrations of pollutants.

2. In table. and the norms of specific air exchange are presented in m 3 / h per person or m 3 / h× m 2 rooms.

In most cases, the amount of pollutants is taken in proportion to the number of people in the room.

In cases where the norms of specific air exchange are presented in m 3 / h× m 2 and it is known that the number of people in the room differs from the “standard” value, air exchange rates per person should be used for the expected number of people in the room.

3 . Rates of specific air exchange in table. and for the premises presented in them are installed in such a way that when the outdoor air of the required quality is supplied, human biofluents (particulate matter, odors and other pollutants common to the premises presented in them) are diluted, and an acceptable level of indoor air quality is achieved.

The criteria for comfort (including odour) considering biofluents are likely to be met if the air exchange is sufficient to maintain the indoor carbon dioxide concentration no more than 1250 mg/m 3 above the outdoor carbon dioxide concentration.

4 . Specific air exchange rates cannot be reduced when using recirculated air.

5 . Rates of specific air exchange (Table. and ) determine the requirements for outdoor air in the premises occupied by people with air exchange arrangements that ensure good air mixing in the room(coefficient of air exchange efficiency To q = 1).

For schemes with To q > 1, as a rule, this is possible when air is supplied to the serviced area of public buildings through floor-mounted perforated air diffusers, a methodology should be applied based on the calculation of permissible concentrations of pollutants (p. ).

6 . A possible scheme for organizing air exchange in an apartment and options for its calculation are presented in the reference appendix. .

table 2

Norms of minimum air exchange in the premises of residential buildings 1)

Premises	Air exchange rate 2)	Notes
Living sector	Air exchange rate 0.35 h -1, but not less than 30 m 3 / h× people	To calculate the air flow (m 3 / h) by the multiplicity, the volume of the premises should be determined by the total area of the apartment
Living sector	3 m 3 / m 2 of residential premises, if the total area of the apartment is less than 20 m 2 / person.	Apartments with air-tight enclosing structures require additional air supply for fireplaces (according to calculation) and mechanical hoods
Kitchens	60 m 3 /h with electric stove	The supply air can come from living quarters 3)
Kitchens	90 m 3 /h with 4-burner gas stove	The supply air can come from living quarters 3)
Bathrooms, toilets	25 m 3 /h from each room	Same
Bathrooms, toilets	50 m 3 / h with a combined bathroom	Same
Laundry room	Air exchange rate 5 h -1
Dressing room, pantry
Heat generator room (outside the kitchen)	Air exchange rate 1 h -1

1 ) The concentration of harmful substances in the outdoor (atmospheric) air should not exceed the MPC in the air of populated areas.

2 ) During the time when the room is not in use, the air exchange rate should be reduced to the following values: in the residential area - up to 0.2 h -1 ; in the kitchen, bathroom and toilet, line by line, dressing room, pantry - up to 0.5 h -1 .

3 ) If the supply air enters directly into the kitchen, bathroom or toilet, it should not be allowed to flow into the living quarters.

Table 3

Norms of minimum air exchange in the premises of public buildings

Premises	Air exchange rate	Note
Catering establishments
Restaurant:
Lobby	20 m3/h × people
Anteroom	20 m3/h × people
Non-smoking dining room	40 m3/h × people
Dining room with smoking area	100 m3/h × people
Cafe:
Non-smoking dining room	30 m 3 /h × people
Cafe for children:
Dining room	20 m3/h × people
Game room	30 m 3 /h × people
Canteens:
Dining room	20 m3/h × people
Bars:
Non-smoking rooms	40 m3/h × people
Smoking rooms	100 m3/h × people
Hotels
Non-smoking hotel room living room	60 m3/h × room	Number in use
Non-smoking hotel room living room	10 m3/h × room	Number not in use
Living room of a hotel room with smoking area	100 m3/h × room	Number in use
Living room of a hotel room with smoking area	20 m3/h × room	Number not in use
Shared bathroom in a hotel room	120 m3/h × room	bathroom in use
Shared bathroom in a hotel room	20 m3/h × room	The bathroom is not in use
Conference rooms	30 m 3 /h × room
Halls for concerts and balls	30 m 3 /h × room
Casino without smoking	40 m3/h × room
Casino with smoking	100 m3/h × room
Offices
Work room	60 m3/h × people
Cabinet	60 m3/h × people
Reception	40 m3/h × people
meeting room	40 m3/h × people
Meeting rooms	30 m 3 /h × people
Corridors and halls	1 h -1
toilets	75 m3/h × people
Smoking	100 m3/h × people
The shops
Basements	30 m 3 /h × people
Aboveground premises	20 m3/h × people
Warehouses	20 m3/h × people, but not less than 0.5 h -1
Fitting rooms	30 m 3 /h × people
Passages	20 m3/h × people
Loading and unloading rooms	20, but not less than 0.5 h -1
Flowers	30 m 3 /h × people	Requirements for air exchange may be dictated by the need to create conditions that are optimal for the growth and development of plants.
pet stores	30 m 3 /h × people	Air exchange requirements may be dictated by the need to create conditions for zoological requirements
Clothes, fabrics, shoes	30 m 3 /h × people
Household goods, furniture, carpets	30 m 3 /h × people	Air exchange requirements may be dictated by the need to remove technological hazards
hairdressing	40 m3/h × people
beauty salons	60 m3/h × people
Theaters
Lobby	20 m3/h × people
Checkout	30 m 3 /h × people
auditoriums	30 m 3 /h × people
Stages and dressing rooms	30 m 3 /h × people	Some stage effects (e.g. dry steam, fog, etc.) will require special ventilation to eliminate the effects
educational institutions
Classes for students in grades 1 - 4	20 m3/h × people
Classes for students in grades 5 - 11	30 m 3 /h × people
Laboratories	40 m3/h × people
Libraries	30 m 3 /h × people
Audiences	40 m3/h × people
Health care institutions
Lookouts	50 m3/h × people
procedural	60 m3/h × people	Procedures that cause air pollution may require higher standards
Operating	80 m3/h × people
Chambers	80 m3/h × people
Physiotherapy	60 m3/h × people
correctional facilities
cameras	30 m 3 /h × people
Canteens	20 m3/h × people
Security premises	30 m 3 /h × people

Rice. one. Maximum allowable ventilation delay time

Example: air flow - 60 m 3 /h× people; room volume - 30 m 3 / person; admissible ventilation delay time - 0.6 h.

5.1.4 . Rooms equipped with exhaust systems (kitchens, bathrooms, toilets, smoking rooms, etc.) can use the air supplied through adjacent rooms to compensate for the exhaust air. The quality of the supply air must meet the requirements of Table. .

Rice. 2 . Minimum required ventilation time before filling the room

Example: air flow - 30 m 3 / h× people; room volume - 3.5 m 3 / person; admissible ventilation delay time - 0.5 h.

5.1.5 . The supply of outside air to the premises is not necessary if the premises are not in use and there are no sources of pollution that are not related to the presence of people and their activities (for example, pollution from building materials, furnishings, etc.).

5.1.6 . If the pollution of the premises is associated only with the presence of people and their activities, which do not create a health hazard in the short term, then the supply of outdoor air may lag behind the start of use of the premises.

The lag time, the time lag can be determined from the graph in Fig. .

5.1.7 . If the pollution of the premises is associated with the presence of sources of pollution in it that are not related to the presence of people and their activities, the supply of outside air must precede the start of use of the premises.

The start time of outdoor air supply can be determined from the graph in fig. .

5.1.8 . If the maximum pollution of the room lasts less than 3 hours during the working day, the outdoor air flow can be determined by average pollution, but not less than half of the maximum value.

5.2. Methodology based on the calculation of permissible concentrations of pollutants

This methodology establishes:

- acceptable outdoor air quality;

- ways of processing outside air, if necessary;

- the amount of outside air depending on the amount of pollutants entering the room. MPC of some pollutants in the served area of the premises is presented in Table. .

5.2.1 . Outside air consumption by mass of pollutants should be taken as the largest of those calculated by the formula adj. LSNiP 41-01-2003 :

whereL - outdoor air consumption, m 3 / h;

L M O - air flow rate removed from the serviced area by local exhausts from the equipment, m 3 / h;

m PO - consumption of each pollutant entering the room, kg/h.

Table 4

Maximum permissible concentrations of harmful substances in the air of the serviced area of premises of residential and public buildings

Pollutant	MPC in the serviced area,q O W MPC, mg / m 3	Note
Biofluents	q O W - q H ≤ 1250	Biofluent indicator is carbon dioxide, see p. approx. 3
Chlorine compounds	0,005	-
Ozone	0,1	-
radon, thoron	Average annual equivalent equilibrium volumetric activity of radon (EEVA R about ) and thoron (EROA T about ) 100 Bq/m3	-

With the simultaneous entry into the room of several pollutants with a summation of action, the outdoor air flow rate should be taken equal to the sum of the outdoor air flow rates calculated for each substance:

q O W - maximum allowable concentration of a pollutant in the service area, mg/m 3 ;

q H - concentration harmful substance in the outside air, mg / m 3;

q UD - concentration of harmful substances in the removed air, mg/m 3 .

The concentration of a harmful substance in the exhaust air should be calculated using the formula

whereK q - coefficient of efficiency of air exchange in the room.

For indoor air exchange schemes with a height gradient of pollutant concentrations, as a rule, this is possible when air is supplied to the serviced area of public buildings through floor perforated air distributors (displacement ventilation)K q > 1 and is determined by calculation.

An example of calculating the air exchange in a room is presented in the reference appendix. .

Appendix 1 Normative references

1 . GOST 30494-96 . Buildings residential and public. The parameters of the microclimate in the premises.

2 . SNiP 41-01-2003 . Heating, ventilation and air conditioning. GN 2.1.6.695-98 , GN 2.1.6.982-00 . Approximate safe levels of exposure (SHEL) of pollutants in the atmospheric air of populated areas.

10 . GN 2.1.6.683-00. Hygienic requirements for ensuring the quality of atmospheric air in populated areas.

11 . GN 2.1.6.711-98 . Maximum Permissible Concentrations (MPC) of Producing Microorganisms, Bacterial Preparations and Their Components in the Atmospheric Air of Populated Areas.

12 . HM 113-91. Recommendations on the application of regulatory requirements in the design of heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems for buildings for various purposes / Mosproekt-1. M., 1992.

13 . NRB-99 . Radiation safety standards.

14 . ASHRAE 62-1999. ASHRAE Standard. Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality.(StandardASHRAE62-1999. Ventilation to ensure acceptable air quality.)

15 . DIN 1946. Part 2. 1994. Ventilation and Air Conditioning Technical Health Requirements.

16 . CIBSE Guide A. Revision Section 2. 1993. Environmental Criteria for Design. Chartered Institute of Building Service Engineers. UK.

17 . CEN prENV 1752. 1996. Ventilation for Buildings: Design Criteria for the Indoor Environment.

Annex 2

Terms and Definitions

Biofluents - pollutants from people, pets, birds, etc., such as smell, carbon dioxide, particulate matter from the skin surface, hair, etc.

Ventilation - organized exchange of air in the premises to ensure microclimate parameters and air purity in the serviced area of the premises within acceptable limits.

Ventilation natural - organized exchange of air in the premises under the influence of thermal (gravitational) and/or wind pressure.

Mechanical ventilation (artificial) - organized exchange of air in the premises under the action of pressure created by fans.

Air outside - atmospheric air taken in by the ventilation or air conditioning system for supply to the serviced premises and / or entering the serviced premises due to infiltration.

Supply air - air supplied to the premises by a ventilation or air conditioning system and entering the serviced premises due to infiltration.

Air removed (outgoing) - air taken from the room and no longer used in it.

Harmful (polluting) substances - substances for which the maximum permissible concentration (MPC) has been established by the sanitary and epidemiological supervision authorities.

Harmful secretions - flows of heat, moisture, pollutants entering the room and negatively affecting the microclimate parameters and air purity.

Acceptable indoor air quality (air purity) - composition of the air in which, according to the definition of the authorities, the concentration of known pollutants does not exceed the MPC and to which more than 80% of people who are exposed to it do not have a claim.

Permissible microclimate parameters - combinations of values of microclimate indicators, which, with prolonged and systematic exposure to a person, can cause a general and local feeling of discomfort, moderate stress on thermoregulation mechanisms that do not cause damage or health problems.

Smell - sensation that occurs when gases, liquids, or particles in the air act on the receptors of the nasal mucosa.

Infiltration - unorganized intake of air into the room through leaks in the building fences under the influence of thermal and / or wind pressure and / or due to the operation of mechanical ventilation.

Concentration - the ratio of the quantity (mass, volume, etc.) of one component to the quantity (mass, volume, etc.) of the mixture of components.

Place of permanent residence of people in the room - a place where people stay for more than 2 hours continuously.

Microorganisms - bacteria, fungi and unicellular organisms.

Room microclimate - the state of the internal environment of the room, characterized by the following indicators: air temperature, radiation temperature, speed of movement and relative humidity of the air in the room.

Served area (habitat area) - the space in the room, limited by planes parallel to the fences, at a height of 0.1 and 2.0 m above the floor, but not closer than 1.0 m from the ceiling with ceiling heating; at a distance of 0.5 m from the inner surfaces of the outer walls, windows and heaters; at a distance of 1.0 m from the distributing surface of the air distributors.

Sucking local - a device for capturing harmful and explosive gases, dust, aerosols and vapors at the places of their formation, attached to the air ducts of local ventilation systems and being, as a rule, an integral part of process equipment.

Air cleaning - removal of pollutants from the air.

A room that does not emit harmful substances - a room in which harmful substances are released into the air in quantities that do not create concentrations exceeding the MPC in the air of the serviced area.

Residential premises - a room in which people are at least 2 hours continuously or 6 hours in total during the day.

Premises with mass stay of people - premises (halls and foyers of theaters, cinemas, meeting rooms, meetings, lecture halls, restaurants, lobbies, cash halls, production halls, etc.) with permanent or temporary stay of people (except for emergencies) numbering more than 1 person. per 1 m 2 of a room with an area of 50 m 2 and more.

Air recirculation - mixing room air with outside air and supplying this mixture to this or other rooms.

Annex 3

(reference)

Organization scheme and options for calculating air exchange in an apartment

Air exchange calculation options

Total area of the apartmentF common \u003d 95 m 2. Residential areaF lived \u003d 60 m 2. Apartment volumeV\u003d 280 m 2. Kitchen with 4-burner electric stove.

1 . 5 people live in the apartment (occupancy 95/5 = 19 m 2 /person).< 20 м 2 /чел.).

a) Volume of inflow:

L lived. one (by multiplicity) = 280 × 0.35 \u003d 98 m 3 / h;

L lived. 5 (according to the standard) = 3 × 60 \u003d 180 m 3 / h.

b) Extract volume:

L cuisine = 60 m 3 / h;

L baths = 25 m 3 / h;

L toilet = 25 m 3 / h;

L treasure \u003d 10 m 3 / h;

L wash = 20 m 3 / h;

L remote S = 140 m 3 / h.

L bunk = 180 m 3 / h.

L you are t = 1 80 m 3 / h.

The scheme of organization of air exchange in the apartment

2 . 4 people live in the apartment (occupancy 100/4 = 25 m 2 / person > 20 m 2 / person).

a) Volume of inflow:

L lived. one (by multiplicity) = 280 × 0.35 \u003d 98 m 3 / h;

L lived. 4 (according to the standard) = 30 × 4 \u003d 120 m 3 / h.

b) Extract volume:

L remote S = 140 m 3 / h.

The minimum supply air flow should be takenL calc. bunk = 140 m 3 / h.

Estimated extract air flowL you are t = 140 m 3 / h.

3 . 2 people live in the apartment (occupancy 100/2 = 50 m 2 / person > 20 m 2 / person).Calculate the amount of air exchange for outdoor air in the school laboratory room, areaF lab = 40 m 2 . There are 10 people in the laboratory. The emitted harmful substance is ozone in the amountm O W = 150 mg/h. The flow rate of air removed from the serviced area by local exhausts from the equipment,L MO \u003d 200 m 3 / h. Maximum allowable concentration of a pollutant in a serviced areaq O W \u003d 0.1 mg / m 3. The concentration of a harmful substance in the outdoor airq H \u003d 0 mg / m 3. Indoor air exchange efficiency coefficient To q = 1.

Air exchange calculation options:

1 . According to the method based on the specific norms of air exchange (p. ).

The rate of air exchange according to the table. is 40 m 3 / h× people

Estimated air exchange should be takenL calc. bunk = 40 × 10 \u003d 400 m 3 / h.

2 . According to the methodology based on the calculation of permissible concentrations of pollutants (p. ).

The amount of ozone removed by local suctionm mooz = 90 mg/h. The flow rate of air removed from the serviced area by local exhausts from the equipment,L MO \u003d 200 m 3 / h.

The amount of ozone removed by the general ventilation system,m O W = 60 mg/h.

Calculation according to the formula p.:

The minimum supply air flow should be takenL calc. bunk \u003d 600 m 3 / h.

The technique based on the calculation of permissible concentrations of pollutants is the most appropriate for the case under consideration, since there are intense sources of pollutants in the room.

ABOKSTANDARD-1-2004

Industry standard

ABOK
STANDARD

BUILDINGS RESIDENTIAL
AND SOCIAL RULES
AIR EXCHANGE

Reissue
AVOK STANDARD-1-2002
with additions and changes

NP "Heating Engineers,
ventilation, air conditioning
air, heating and
building thermal physics"
(NP "AVOK")

Moscow - 2004

ABOK-1-2004 standard. Buildings residential and public. Air exchange standards. - M.: AVOK-PRESS, 2004.

Developed by the creative team of the Non-Profit Partnership "Engineers for Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning, Heat Supply and Building Thermal Physics" (NP "ABOK"):

E.O. Shilkrot, Cand. tech. Sciences (JSC "TsNIIPromzdaniy") - head;

MM. Brodach, Ph.D. tech. Sciences (Moscow Institute of Architecture (State Academy));

L.A. Gulabyants, Doctor of Engineering. Sciences (Research Institute of Building Physics RAASN);

IN AND. Livchak, Ph.D. tech. Sciences (Moscomexpertiza);

Yu.A. Tabunshchikov, Doctor of Engineering. Sciences (Moscow Institute of Architecture (State Academy));

M.G. Tarabanov, Ph.D. tech. Sciences (NIC "Invent").

Introduced by the Committee for technical regulation, standardization and certification of NP "ABOK".

Approved and put into effect by the decision of the Bureau of the Presidium of NP "ABOK" dated June 9, 2004.

Validity - 4 years.

ABOUT THE PRINCIPLES AND PROCEDURE FOR THE DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF ABOK STANDARDS

"ABOK Standards" is the name of technical materials in the field of heating, ventilation, air conditioning, heat and cold supply, thermal protection, microclimate of buildings and structures and their elements, presented in the form of regulatory and methodological documents. The name "Standards" was given to them based on the international nature of the content of this term for technical materials, which corresponds to the world practice of developing such documents by professional organizations of a similar profile, for example, ASHRAE , ARI , REHVA , SCANVAC . In Russia, there are names for regulatory documents: GOSTs "Building Norms and Rules" (SNiP), "Code of Rules for Design and Construction" (SP), which in different languages will have different spellings and sounds.

In international practice, the name of the technical document "Standard", as a rule, corresponds to the recommendatory document in the industry.

Improving the quality of the microclimate of buildings;

Improving the energy efficiency of buildings;

Harmonization of the domestic regulatory framework with progressive international standards.

The system for preparing each ABOK standard includes two stages:

1 . Introduction into use of a "temporary" standard with a validity period of 1 year. During this period, its approbation, the collection of comments and suggestions and the preparation of a standard with a validity period of 4 years.

2 . Introduction to the use of the standard with a validity period of 4 years, its further improvement and reissue.

ABOK standards apply to the scope of activities of NP ABOK, as well as to other areas of construction.

ABOK STANDARD

BUILDINGS RESIDENTIAL AND PUBLIC.
NORM AIR EXCHANGE

RESIDENTIAL AND PUBLIC BUILDINGS.
AIR CHANGE RATE

Foreword

The standard proposes two methods for calculating the minimum air exchange rates sufficient to provide indoor air of acceptable quality:

The standard attempts to harmonize domestic norms and norms of the standard ASHRAE 62-1999.

The standard is intended for engineers who design and operate ventilation and air conditioning systems.

1 area of use

1.2 . The air quality in the premises must be ensured regardless of the adopted ventilation system and the scheme for organizing air exchange.

1.5 . This standard deals with chemical, physical and biological pollutants entering, emitting or generated indoors that can affect air quality.

1.6 . This International Standard does not deal with factors affecting human perception of air quality, such as:

Unidentified and unstudied pollutants;

Differences in susceptibility in different people, psychological stress, etc.

1.7 . The standard proposes two methods for calculating the minimum air exchange rate required to provide indoor air of acceptable quality:

1.7.1 . Technique based on specific norms of air exchange.

1.7.2 . Methodology based on the calculation of permissible concentrations of pollutants.

The project documentation should indicate which of the methods used in the calculation of air exchange.

2. Regulatory references

3. Terms and definitions

Terms and definitions referred to in the text are given in App. .

4. General technical requirements

4.2 . The required air quality in the serviced areas of the premises must be ensured under all modes of use of the premises and the corresponding modes of operation of the ventilation systems.

4.4 . The scheme for organizing air exchange in the premises should ensure the distributionremoval of supply air, excluding its flow through areas with high pollution to areas with less pollution.

4.5 .

4.6 . Stationary local sources of harmful emissions should, as a rule, be equipped with local exhausts.

4.7 . The calculated air exchange in the premises should be taken as the largest of the supply and exhaust air costs for any mode of use of the premises.

4.8 . Outdoor air intakes and exhaust air emissions should be arranged in accordance with the requirements SNiP 41-01-2003.

5. Methods for determining the norms of air exchange

5.1. Technique based on specific norms of air exchange.

Permissible outdoor air quality, determined by the MPC value of pollutants in the outdoor air;

Norms of specific air exchange in the premises of residential and public buildings;

Modes of operation of ventilation (air conditioning) systems under variable loads and / or with periodic use of premises.

5.1.1 . The concentration of harmful substances in the outdoor (atmospheric) air used for ventilation (conditioning) should not exceed the MPC in the air of populated areas.

MPC values should be taken in accordance with GN 2.1.6.695-98, GN 2.1.6.696-98, GN 2.1.6.716-98, GN 2.1.6.7135-98, GN 2.1.6.789-99, GN 2.1.6.790-99.

The MPC values of the pollutants most frequently present in the atmospheric air are presented in Table. .

Here C i- concentration valuei-th pollutant in the outside air, mg/m 3 .

5.1.2 . If the level of outdoor air pollution exceeds the figures given in Table. , it needs to be cleaned.

Table 1

Maximum permissible concentrations of pollutants in the air of settlements

Substance	MPC in outdoor air, q H MPC, mg / m 3
Substance	maximum single	average daily
nitrogen dioxide	0,085	0,04
Dust non-toxic		0,15
Lead	0,001	0,0003
Sulfur dioxide		0,05
Hydrocarbons (benzene)
Carbon monoxide
Phenol	0,01	0,003
Carbon dioxide*:
populated area (village)
small towns
big cities	1000	1000

* MPC for carbon dioxide is not standardized, this value is for reference only.

5.1.3 . An acceptable air quality will be ensured in the room if the established norms of specific air exchange are observed in it (Table 1). and ).

Notes:

2. In table. and the norms of specific air exchange are presented in m 3 / h per person or m 3 / h× m 2 rooms.

In most cases, the amount of pollutants is taken in proportion to the number of people in the room.

4 . Specific air exchange rates cannot be reduced when using recirculated air.

6 . A possible scheme for organizing air exchange in an apartment and options for its calculation are presented in the reference appendix. .

table 2

Norms of minimum air exchange in the premises of residential buildings 1)

Premises	Air exchange rate 2)	Notes
Living sector	Air exchange rate 0.35 h -1, but not less than 30 m 3 / h× people	To calculate the air flow (m 3 / h) by the multiplicity, the volume of the premises should be determined by the total area of the apartment
Living sector	3 m 3 / m 2 of residential premises, if the total area of the apartment is less than 20 m 2 / person.	Apartments with air-tight enclosing structures require additional air supply for fireplaces (according to calculation) and mechanical hoods
Kitchens	60 m 3 /h with electric stove	The supply air can come from living quarters 3)
Kitchens	90 m 3 /h with 4-burner gas stove	The supply air can come from living quarters 3)
Bathrooms, toilets	25 m 3 /h from each room	Same
Bathrooms, toilets	50 m 3 / h with a combined bathroom	Same
Laundry room	Air exchange rate 5 h -1
Dressing room, pantry
Heat generator room (outside the kitchen)	Air exchange rate 1 h -1

1 ) The concentration of harmful substances in the outdoor (atmospheric) air should not exceed the MPC in the air of populated areas.

3 ) If the supply air enters directly into the kitchen, bathroom or toilet, it should not be allowed to flow into the living quarters.

Table 3

Norms of minimum air exchange in the premises of public buildings

Premises	Air exchange rate	Note
Catering establishments
Restaurant:
Lobby	20 m3/h × people
Anteroom	20 m3/h × people
Non-smoking dining room	40 m3/h × people
Dining room with smoking area	100 m3/h × people
Cafe:
Non-smoking dining room	30 m 3 /h × people
Cafe for children:
Dining room	20 m3/h × people
Game room	30 m 3 /h × people
Canteens:
Dining room	20 m3/h × people
Bars:
Non-smoking rooms	40 m3/h × people
Smoking rooms	100 m3/h × people
Hotels
Non-smoking hotel room living room	60 m3/h × room	Number in use
Non-smoking hotel room living room	10 m3/h × room	Number not in use
Living room of a hotel room with smoking area	100 m3/h × room	Number in use
Living room of a hotel room with smoking area	20 m3/h × room	Number not in use
Shared bathroom in a hotel room	120 m3/h × room	bathroom in use
Shared bathroom in a hotel room	20 m3/h × room	The bathroom is not in use
Conference rooms	30 m 3 /h × room
Halls for concerts and balls	30 m 3 /h × room
Casino without smoking	40 m3/h × room
Casino with smoking	100 m3/h × room
Offices
Work room	60 m3/h × people
Cabinet	60 m3/h × people
Reception	40 m3/h × people
meeting room	40 m3/h × people
Meeting rooms	30 m 3 /h × people
Corridors and halls	1 h -1
toilets	75 m3/h × people
Smoking	100 m3/h × people
The shops
Basements	30 m 3 /h × people
Aboveground premises	20 m3/h × people
Warehouses	20 m3/h × people, but not less than 0.5 h -1
Fitting rooms	30 m 3 /h × people
Passages	20 m3/h × people
Loading and unloading rooms	20, but not less than 0.5 h -1
Flowers	30 m 3 /h × people	Requirements for air exchange may be dictated by the need to create conditions that are optimal for the growth and development of plants.
pet stores	30 m 3 /h × people	Air exchange requirements may be dictated by the need to create conditions for zoological requirements
Clothes, fabrics, shoes	30 m 3 /h × people
Household goods, furniture, carpets	30 m 3 /h × people	Air exchange requirements may be dictated by the need to remove technological hazards
hairdressing	40 m3/h × people
beauty salons	60 m3/h × people
Theaters
Lobby	20 m3/h × people
Checkout	30 m 3 /h × people
auditoriums	30 m 3 /h × people
Stages and dressing rooms	30 m 3 /h × people	Some stage effects (e.g. dry steam, fog, etc.) will require special ventilation to eliminate the effects
educational institutions
Classes for students in grades 1 - 4	20 m3/h × people
Classes for students in grades 5 - 11	30 m 3 /h × people
Laboratories	40 m3/h × people
Libraries	30 m 3 /h × people
Audiences	40 m3/h × people
Health care institutions
Lookouts	50 m3/h × people
procedural	60 m3/h × people	Procedures that cause air pollution may require higher standards
Operating	80 m3/h × people
Chambers	80 m3/h × people
Physiotherapy	60 m3/h × people
correctional facilities
cameras	30 m 3 /h × people
Canteens	20 m3/h × people
Security premises	30 m 3 /h × people

Rice. one. Maximum allowable ventilation delay time

Example: air flow - 60 m 3 /h× people; room volume - 30 m 3 / person; admissible ventilation delay time - 0.6 h.

Rice. 2 . Minimum required ventilation time before filling the room

Example: air flow - 30 m 3 / h× people; room volume - 3.5 m 3 / person; admissible ventilation delay time - 0.5 h.

The lag time, the time lag can be determined from the graph in Fig. .

The start time of outdoor air supply can be determined from the graph in fig. .

5.1.8 . If the maximum pollution of the premises lasts less than 3 hours during the working day, the outdoor air flow can be determined by the average value of pollution, but not less than half of the maximum value.

5.2. Methodology based on the calculation of permissible concentrations of pollutants

This methodology establishes:

- acceptable outdoor air quality;

- ways of processing outside air, if necessary;

- the amount of outside air depending on the amount of pollutants entering the room. MPC of some pollutants in the served area of the premises is presented in Table. .

5.2.1 . Outside air consumption by mass of pollutants should be taken as the largest of those calculated by the formula adj. LSNiP 41-01-2003 :

whereL - outdoor air consumption, m 3 / h;

L M O - air flow rate removed from the serviced area by local exhausts from the equipment, m 3 / h;

m PO - consumption of each pollutant entering the room, kg/h.

Table 4

Maximum permissible concentrations of harmful substances in the air of the serviced area of premises of residential and public buildings

Pollutant	MPC in the serviced area,q O W MPC, mg / m 3	Note
Biofluents	q O W - q H ≤ 1250	Biofluent indicator is carbon dioxide, see p. approx. 3
Chlorine compounds	0,005	-
Ozone	0,1	-
radon, thoron	Average annual equivalent equilibrium volumetric activity of radon (EEVA R about ) and thoron (EROA T about ) 100 Bq/m3	-

q O W - maximum allowable concentration of a pollutant in the service area, mg/m 3 ;

q H - concentration of a harmful substance in the outside air, mg/m 3 ;