Legendary people of Mongolia. Sukhbaatar

During the negotiations on the conclusion of the Mongolian-Soviet Treaty of Friendship. Moscow, November 1921

Previously, during the times of socialism, the 2nd of February was celebrated nationally in Mongolia and significant events were organized. Now the holiday is celebrated in the circle of the MNP (Mongolian People's Party), fans and relatives of the commander.

In honor of the 122nd birthday of D. Sukhe-Bator on central square Ulaanbaatar leadership of the People's Party brought flowers to the monument to D. Sukhe-Bator

In honor of the 122nd birthday of D. Sukhe-Bator on the central square of Ulaanbaatar, the leadership of the People's Party brought flowers to the monument to D. Sukhe-Bator. On this day, the merits are traditionally commemorated and historical meaning personality of D.Sukhe-Bator, scientific-research conferences and exhibitions are organized.

The Mongolian public (at the initiative of the MNP) often discusses and criticizes the change of the name of the central square of the capital of Mongolia - the former "Sukhe Bator" - to "Chinggis Khaan Square".

Recall that in mid-2013, the Administration of Ulaanbaatar decided to change the name in honor of D. Sukhe-Bator of the central square of the capital, where the legendary monument has been standing since 1946. The area was named after Chinigiskhaan. However, residents of the capital note that they are still not used to the new name.

Now on the central square of the capital of Mongolia there are monuments to both Genghis Khan and Sukhbaatar at the same time, which often leads to confusion among residents and guests of the city.

So... The future leader of the Mongolian revolution was born on February 2, 1893 in a camp on the southern bank of the Kerulen River. When his parents moved to the capital of Mongolia - the city of Urga (now Ulaanbaatar), his father served as a warden in a local prison.

Owner of Maxim

When Suhe was six years old, the family moved to the area of ​​the Russian consulate. There, playing with Russian children, Suhe learned Russian well, which subsequently played important role in his political and military career.

Early 20th century political situation in this region was very difficult. Most of Mongolian territory was a province of China. But the rule of the Chinese did not suit the majority of the Mongols, who aspired to independence.

"Great Khans" at dawn Soviet era in Mongolia - in the front row D. Sukhe-Bator (left) and the future legendary marshal. Worth - V. A. Huva. Urga. 1921 Photo dnevnik.bigmir.net

In 1911, a bourgeois revolution began in China. Taking advantage of this, the Mongols separated from the metropolis, forming an independent state. Greater economic and military aid in this process they were provided royal Russia, which tried in every possible way to weaken powerful China.

After the declaration of independence, Suhe immediately joined the national army. In 1912, with the assistance of Russian military advisers, the Khudjir-Bulan school of junior commanders was founded, and Sukhe became one of its first students. Having a good command of the Russian language, he mastered the basics better than other cadets military tactics, perfectly learned to shoot from the Maxim machine gun. He also rode brilliantly, successfully passed all sports standards and was generally in full view of his superiors, who a year later appointed him commander of a machine-gun company.

After graduating from the military school, Sukhe Bator participated in the protection of the eastern borders of Mongolia, smashed local smugglers with his detachment, and in a few years of service gained prestige and fame from his compatriots.

In 1914, Sukhe even led an uprising in the Khudjir-Bulan garrison. The reason for the performance was rotten meat, which the authorities tried to feed the soldiers. The Ministry of War in Urga was protested, and government officials replaced the products with quality ones.

In 1918 military unit Sukhe defeated the army of the rebellious Bargut tribe in the Khalkhin Gol region, who opposed the central government of Mongolia. For this operation, Sukhe received the title of "bator" (that is, "hero") and has since become known as Sukhe-Bator.

In 1919, China, taking advantage of the fact that a bloody Civil War began in Russia, again occupied Mongolia. The central Mongolian government was overthrown and the national army disbanded. Shortly before this, Sukhe-Bator returned to Urga and got a job as a typesetter in a local printing house.

Fight with Ungern

After the occupation of Urga by Chinese troops, underground anti-Chinese groups arose in the city, and Sukhe-Bator joined one of them. These groups had close contact with Russian Bolsheviks living in Urga.

Depicted, of course, and with the “leader October revolution” V.I. Lenin

The Bolsheviks convinced the Urga underground to send a Mongolian delegation to Irkutsk, which was occupied by the Reds. This decision was based on the considerations that on their own to organize armed uprising in Mongolia it was impossible, and this required the help of the Red Army.

In the middle of 1920, Sukhe-Bator arrived in Irkutsk with a group of comrades, illegally crossing the state border.

Meanwhile, events in Mongolia took a completely unexpected turn. The White Guard Cossack division under the command of Baron von Ungern invaded Mongolia from the territory of Transbaikalia and utterly defeated the Chinese occupation corps. Having occupied Urga, Major General Ungern ceased to obey the higher white commanders and declared himself an independent ruler of Mongolia.

In his division, he actively recruited soldiers of the former Mongolian national army and then declared " crusade against Bolshevism. At the same time, according to Baron Ungern, the warriors of the "yellow race" - that is, the Buryats and Mongols - should have played the main role in this campaign (there is a version that the Asian division got its name precisely for this reason). It was a dangerous adventure, so the Bolsheviks decided to take Ungern seriously.

On February 9, 1921, Sukhbaatar was appointed commander-in-chief of the Mongolian revolutionary army and began recruiting soldiers. On March 1, the 1st Congress of the Mongolian People's Party was held in the city of Troitskosavsk (now Kyakhta). It formed the Provisional People's Government of Mongolia.

Sukhbaatar in this government took the positions of chief of staff and commander in chief. Through his efforts, the People's Army grew quantitatively, qualitatively and, by Mongolian standards, was a real force.

At the same time, supplies of weapons and ammunition went smoothly from Central Russia to Transbaikalia. In May, regular units of the Red Army arrived to help - the former partisan detachment Shchetinkin, rifle division Neumann, the 35th Cavalry Regiment, commanded by the future Marshal of the Soviet Union Konstantin Rokossovsky.

In early June, units of the Asian division of Ungern were repulsed by Shchetinkin in the area of ​​​​the village of Zhelturinskaya. White's attempts to break through to railway along the left bank of the Selenga River also failed. But the decisive events took place near Kyakhta, where the “mad baron” and Sukhe-Bator met. The first skirmishes between the "Red Mongols" and the Ungernists took place on the Orkhon River. Then the Mongol part of the Asian division, led by Prince Bayargun, approached Kyakhta.

Sukhbaatar decided to give a defensive battle and positioned his soldiers around the city accordingly. The battle began on June 5th. First, the artillery of the Reds, machine guns, entered into action, and then Sukhe-Bator led his tseriks (soldiers) in a horse attack. Bayargun was defeated. Ungern's main forces arrived in time to restore the "status quo", but on June 13, Neumann's division and Shchetinkin's detachment entered the business, which finished off the Asian division.

The detachments of Sukhe-Bator could only pursue the retreating enemy. The victors moved deep into Mongolia, and as they advanced, a kind of Mongolian Civil War in miniature.

Some of the princes firmly stood for the whites, while the other went over to the side of Sukhe Bator. Baron Ungern was captured by his Mongol bodyguards and handed over to the Reds.

mysterious death

On July 6, 1921, units of the Red Army and the Red Tse-Riki entered Urga. The administration of the country passed to the People's Government of Mongolia. Sukhe-Bator received the post of Minister of War in it, and under his leadership began to be created regular army. Mandatory conscription and united military uniform, a school for the training of national personnel and a hospital for military personnel were opened.

In fact, all power in Mongolia belonged to Soviet Bolsheviks who at an accelerated pace decided to bring medieval Mongolia out of feudalism straight into socialism. In September 1921, a plenipotentiary delegation went to Soviet Russia, which included Sukhe Bator. In Moscow, she met with Lenin and signed an agreement on friendship and cooperation with the RSFSR.

The Mongolian People's Party headed by Sukhbaatar, due to its obvious "immaturity", was never allowed to be called communist, but was allowed to enter the Comintern as a sympathizer.

Widow of D. Sukhe-Bator Yanzhima and son Galsan. Ulaanbaatar, October 1939

Upon returning home, squabbles broke out in the People's Government of Mongolia, and a fierce struggle for power began.

Sukhe Bator quickly dealt with his opponents through brutal repression. In the winter of 1923, having received news that the Japanese and White Guards were preparing another conspiracy, Sukhe Bator introduced martial law in Urga. He regularly traveled around the capital, checking the guards. During one of these trips, Sukhbaatar caught a bad cold and died on February 20, 1923.

The people said that in this way the curse of the Buddhist lamas came true, who hated the revolutionaries who closed the temples. Versions were also put forward about the poisoning of Sukhe-Bator by political opponents. In any case, his sudden death has remained an unsolved mystery.

The Selenge Aimag Museum is located in the town of Sukhe Bator, Mongolia. It is dedicated to the Mongolian tribal formation called the Selenge. The museum building is made in a cylindrical shape in white tones with blue and brown accents.

The roof of the building is crowned with glazed turrets. The peculiar design of the building is typical for the architecture of Mongolia. The museum of Selenge aimag presents the history of tribal education and many other expositions dedicated to the history, architecture and art of the city. This place attracts many tourists from all over the world.

Statue of Sukhbaatar

The monument to Sukhbaatar is a sculpture of the great military man, the famous leader of the Mongolian people's revolution, which shook the life of the people in 1941. The statue is located on the central square of the city of Baruun-Urt, Mongolia.

The figure of the founder of the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party, who was born on February 9, 1921 in the city of Urga, is depicted on a horse, which symbolizes the courage and heroic spirit of the latter during the revolutions. The sculpture is set on a high pedestal, finished with tiles, on which it is embossed with gold letters on Mongolian an eternal inscription glorifying the exploits of the glorious commander.

The most popular attractions in Sukhbaatar with descriptions and photos for every taste. choose best places for visiting famous places Sukhbaatar on our website.

Sukhe-Bator Damdins (February 2, 1893, Tsetsen-Khan aimag - February 22, 1923, Urga), Mongolian political and statesman, founder of the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party (MPRP), leader of the Mongolian People's Revolution of 1921. Born into the family of a poor arat. In his youth he worked as a driver. In 1912 he was drafted into the Mongolian army and commanded a squadron. Repeatedly participated in the battles against the Chinese militarists and bandit detachments of the Japanese agent Babujab. For the courage shown, he was nicknamed "Bator" which means a hero, a hero. This honorary title has become integral part his name. From 1919 he worked as a typesetter in the Urga printing house. Here he met Russian revolutionaries. In 1919 he created an illegal revolutionary circle. In 1920 he headed a revolutionary organization formed as a result of the merger of his circle with a similar circle. Choibalsana. The creation of this organization laid the foundation for the Mongolian People's Party, which took organizational shape in March 1921 (from 1925 it became known as the MPRP). Together with Choibalsan and others, he launched agitation among the arats for the creation of detachments to fight the Chinese militarists and Russian White Guards, who occupied Mongolia in October 1920. Under the leadership of Sukhe Bator, the First Congress of the Mongolian People's Party was held in March 1921, calling on the Mongolian people to revolt and defining the tasks of the anti-imperialist and anti-feudal revolution. Sukhe Bator was elected to the Central Committee of the Mongolian People's Party. From March 13, 1921, he was a member of the Provisional People's Government, Minister of War and Commander-in-Chief of the People's Army. Under the leadership of Sukhe Bator, the young regiments of the People's Army defeated the Chinese militarists on March 18, 1921, near Maimachen (now Altan-Bulak). Mongolian people's army under the command of Sukhe Bator and the units of the Soviet Red Army that came to the aid of the Mongolian people in May - August 1921 defeated the White Guard troops Ungern. On July 6, 1921, Urga (now Ulaanbaatar) was liberated. On July 10, the Provisional People's Government was reorganized into the Permanent People's Government; Sukhe-Bator joined it, taking the post of Minister of War. For outstanding services in the fight against the White Guard gangs - the common enemy of the Soviet and Mongolian peoples - Sukhe-Bator was awarded the Soviet Order of the Red Banner. November 5, 1921 participated in the signing in Moscow of the Friendship Agreement between the RSFSR and Mongolia and was accepted Lenin .

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Sukhe-Bator Damdins (2.2.1893, Tsetsen-Khan aimag, now Sukhe-Bator aimag, - 22.2.1923, Urga, now Ulaanbaatar), Mongolian political, state. and military figure, founder of the Mongolian people-revolutionary. Party (MPRP), leader of the Mongolian People's Revolution of 1921. In 1912 drafted into the army by the feudal-theocratic. Mongolia, graduated from the military. school in Khuzhir-Bulak (1913), then commanded a squadron and zero, a company. Repeatedly participated in the battles against the whale. militarists and bandit detachments of Japan. agent Babujab. For the manifestation courage received the honorary nickname "Bator" - a hero, which became an integral part of his name. From 1919 he worked as a typesetter in the Urga printing house, got acquainted with the Russian. revolutionaries, and through them - with Leninism. Created an illegal revolution. a circle, which in June 1920 merged with a similar circle led by Choibalsan; as a result, a revolution was formed. organization headed by S.-B. This laid the foundation of the Mongolian Nar. party, organizationally formed in 1921 (since 1925 it became known as the MPRP). S.-B. was one of the organizers of the detachments to fight the whale. militarists and Russians. White Guards who occupied Mongolia in October 1920. Under his leadership, in March 1921, the 1st Mong Congress was held. nar. Party, called Mong. people to an uprising and determined the tasks of the anti-imperialist. and anti-feudal revolution. S.-B. was elected to the Central Committee of the Mongolian People's Party. Since March 1921 member. Time nar. pr-va, military. minister and commander in chief. Nar. army, which in March 1921 near Maimachen (Altan-Bulak) defeated the whale. invaders, and in May-August in cooperation with parts of the Sov. The armies that came at the request of the Mong. pr-va to help mong. people, defeated the White Guard. gangs of Ungern; Urga was liberated in July. Nov. 1921 participated in the signing in Moscow of the Friendship Agreement between the RSFSR and Mongolia and was received as part of the delegation by V. I. Lenin. For outstanding service in the fight against the White Guard. gangs - a common enemy of owls. and the Mongolian peoples - was awarded owls. Order of the Red Banner. The Order of Sukhe-Bator was established in the Mongolian People's Republic.

Materials used Large Soviet encyclopedia in 8 volumes.

Sukhe Bator (1894-1923) - Mongolian political and statesman leader of the Mongolian revolution.

S. came from a poor Arat family and began his working life early. From 1912 he served in the Russian army; having studied Russian, he then worked as a typographic typesetter in Urga.

In 1918 in Mongolia, under the influence of the Great October Socialist Revolution, revolutionary movement. In 1919 S. created the first revolutionary circle in Urga. Its merger with the circle of Choibalsan (q.v.) in 1920 laid the foundation for the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party. The movement for the independence of Mongolia especially intensified in 1919, when the Chinese occupation and the capitulation policy of the government of the Bogd Gegen (see) led to the liquidation of Mongolian autonomy. Of great importance was the appeal of the Soviet government dated June 26, 1919 to the Mongolian people, recognizing the rights of Outer Mongolia to an independent existence. In 1920 S. made a trip to Soviet Russia. In a letter he brought to Moscow on behalf of Mongolian people expressed a desire for independence and a request for Soviet Russia to help the Mongols in their liberation struggle. Upon his return to Mongolia, S., together with Choibalsan, created partisan detachments, and then led the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Army.

In March 1921, S. was elected a member of the temporary Mongolian people's revolutionary government, retaining the post of commander-in-chief of the People's Revolutionary Army, which fought against the Chinese militarists and the Ungern White Guard gangs. With the active help of the Red Army, this struggle ended full release Mongolia.

In October 1921, S. arrived in Moscow at the head of a Mongolian delegation and was received by V. I. Lenin. 5. XI 1921 S. signed on behalf of the Mongolian government the Soviet-Mongolian treaty (see), which marked the beginning of relations of strong friendship and close cooperation between Soviet Union and the Mongolian People's Republic.

Diplomatic Dictionary. Ch. ed. A. Ya. Vyshinsky and S. A. Lozovsky. M., 1948.

Literature:

Bat-Ochir L., Dashzhamts D. Dam-dins of Sukhe-Bator. Biogr. [Trans. from Mong.]. M., 1971;

Damdin Sukhbaatar. Biobibliogr. decree. M., 1978.