What is "scientific practice": place, timing and guidance. Research Practice Report Research Practice Report Action Control

Average rank

empirical U Mann-Whitney

confidence level

G1

G2

22,53

19,55

179,500

p≤0,01

Career

22,76

1 3 ,15

173,000

p≤0,01

social status

2 0,63

11,83

17,500

p≤0,05

Material wealth

24,95

16,85

127,000

p≤0,5

Expensive or fashionable things

26,24

15,50

100,000

p≤0,01

Intelligence, ability

16,26

2 3 ,98

110,500

p≤0,01

Personal qualities

15,40

26,88

92,500

p≤0,01

Success with the opposite sex

2 0 ,08

14,26

68,500

p≤0,05

Correlation analysis results

To identify the relationships in group 1 between the characteristics studied in the study, a correlation analysis was applied (see Fig. 11).

Figure 11. - Correlations of envy

Note: the straight line indicates positive correlations, the dotted line indicates negative ones. (*Correlations are significant at the 0.05 level **Correlations are significant at the 0.01 level).

Thus, it can be summarized that envy has a negative correlation with the meaningfulness of life, highlighting the disbelief of the person himself in the ability to control his life, as well as with self-acceptance and self-respect, that is, factors that reflect self-attitude.

CONCLUSIONS

1. Based on the study, we can talk about both invariant and variant objects of envy determined by gender. The former include material wealth, career growth and leisure; and the second for men - social status and professional (educational) success, and for women - external attractiveness and intelligence, i.e. we can talk about the different structure of objects of envy in men and women. Thus, the study showed that for both men and women the most desirable objects of envy are those areas in which both men and women, according to social expectations, should take place. These expectations, in turn, are determined by gender roles.

2. Respondents with a high level of envy are more aggressive (p≤0.01), rigidity (p≤0.01), sensitivity (p≤0.01), anxiety (p≤0.01), lability (p≤0 .01), conflict (p≤0.01), conformity (p≤0.01), dependence (p≤0.01), as well as less introversion (p≤0.01). The characterological typology of respondents who are characterized by envy is represented by a hyposthenic type of response that combines sensitive and anxious features. The prevailing socio-psychological characteristics determine such qualities as a tendency to escape into the world of illusions, the desire to limit the circle of direct contacts and avoid confrontation with the environment, selectivity in communication while striving to maintain a few contacts. Impressibility, pessimism in assessing prospects, in case of failures, a feeling of guilt easily arises, the need for warm relations and understanding, caution in making decisions, increased concern about problems and one's own failures - this is what characterizes a person prone to envy.

3. Respondents in group 1 are statistically significantly more closed (p≤0.05), self-attached (p≤0.05), internal conflict (p≤0.01), prone to self-accusation (p≤0.01), less self-leadership (p≤0.05), less sense of self-worth (p≤0.05). It should also be noted the lower scores on the scales of "self-acceptance" and "reflected self-attitude" among the respondents of this group. That is, people with a high level of envy experience more negative feelings towards themselves, are characterized by internal conflict and regard the attitude of others towards themselves as negative.

4. Respondents with a high level of envy assess their lives as less meaningful. A lower indicator of the “life process” indicates dissatisfaction with one’s life in the present, a lack of feeling that life is an interesting, emotionally rich and meaningful process, as well as a lack of satisfaction from activities (not necessarily professional), from the process of applying and improving one’s skill.

5. Envious individuals are more likely to attribute the causes of what is happening to external factors (other people, the environment, fate, chance, luck), rather than their own efforts, their own positive and negative qualities, the presence or absence of the necessary knowledge, skills and abilities. However, this pattern does not appear in all areas, but in the field of failures, industrial and family relations.

6. Respondents with a low level of envy tend to realize themselves to a greater extent in all spheres of life (p≤0.01). Thus, a comparative analysis revealed a depletion of the value sphere in men from the experimental group. The structure of values ​​of respondents with a high level of envy, the system of their relationships and relations in the social environment have a certain specificity, which manifests itself in the focus on achieving not so much socially significant as narrow personal goals and values, which allows us to conclude that this group is more utilitarian, as well as about her some social immaturity. When comparing the results of this technique with the results obtained by the method of self-assessment of envy, it can be found that envy arises when values ​​disagree, when needs are frustrated in certain areas (“I want, but I don’t have”).

7. Respondents of the group with a higher level of envy are more pronounced psychosomatic disorders, tension (p>0.05), assess their health status lower (p>0.01) and assess their well-being much lower (p>0.01 ).

8. Respondents who are prone to envy when they hear about the success of another person have the level of such emotions as grief (p≤0.01), anger (p≤0.05), fear (p≤0.05), shame (p≤ 0.05) is statistically significantly higher, and the emotions “joy” (p≤0.05) are lower. This indicates that the success of others for the respondents from group 1 is the reason for the feeling of their own inferiority.

9. Comparative analysis of the respondents of the groups identified by age did not give statistically significant results, although there are some fluctuations in envy in different age intervals.

Respondents with a lower professional status and income level showed higher indicators for the following parameters: envy index (p≤0.01), career growth (p≤0.01), social status (p≤0.05), material wealth (p≤0.05), expensive or fashionable things (p≤0.01), success with the opposite sex (p≤0.05). These results may indicate frustration in the relevant subject areas. Respondents with a higher professional status and income level have higher indicators for the following parameters: intelligence, abilities (p≤0.01), personal qualities (p≤0.01). It can be assumed that in this group of respondents, it is these areas that are significant for achieving professional success.

10. Thus, it can be summarized that envy has a negative correlation with the meaningfulness of life, highlighting the disbelief of the person himself in the ability to control his life, as well as with self-acceptance and self-respect, that is, factors that reflect self-attitude.

Envy is highly negatively correlated with internality, which also characterizes the passivity of the individual.

Internal conflict, rigidity, internal conflict, aggressiveness, anxiety, and conformity positively correlate with envy.

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Requirements for the organization of research practice

Research practice is one of the types of practice for undergraduates of 1 year of study.

The purpose of the research practice is to prepare the student to solve problems of a research nature in the workplace and to complete the final qualifying work.

Place of practice:

Graduating departments, their branches

· Industrial enterprises

· Research organizations and institutions where it is possible to study materials related to the topic of the final qualification work.

Research practice provides for:

· Preparation of thematic scientific and technical reviews of published works on the chosen master's program.

· Conducting experimental (or computational) studies.

· Preparation of master's thesis.

Otherwise, it should be related to the scientific topics of the department, with the theme of the master's thesis and be a work on the collection, analysis and systematization of the materials necessary for this.

The internship program is given to each student by the head of the research practice at the organizational meeting before the start of the internship.

Certification is carried out in the form of a written report of the undergraduate on the results of the practice and its assessment (defense) at a meeting of the department.

Basic concepts about research work

The entire course of scientific research can be represented in the form of the following logical scheme:

1. Justification of the relevance of the chosen topic.

2. Setting the goal and specific objectives of the study.

3. Definition of the object and subject of research.

4. Choice of method (technique) of the research.

5. Description of the research process.

6. Discussion of the results of the study.

7. Formulation of conclusions and evaluation of the results.

Justification of the relevance of the chosen topic is the initial stage of any research. As applied to the dissertation, the concept of "relevance" has one peculiarity. The dissertation, as already mentioned, is a qualifying work, and how its author is able to choose a topic and how correctly he understands and evaluates this topic in terms of timeliness and social significance characterizes his scientific maturity and professional readiness.

Coverage of relevance should not be wordy. There is no special need to begin its description from afar. It is enough to show the main thing within one typewritten page - the essence of the problem situation, from which the relevance of the topic will be visible. Thus, the formulation of the problem situation is a very important part of the introduction. Therefore, it makes sense to dwell on the concept of "problem" in more detail.

Any scientific research is carried out in order to overcome certain difficulties in the process of learning new phenomena, to explain previously unknown facts, or to reveal the incompleteness of old ways of explaining known facts. These difficulties manifest themselves in the most distinct form in the so-called problem situations, when the existing scientific knowledge is insufficient to solve new problems of cognition.

The problem always arises when the old knowledge has already shown its inconsistency, and the new knowledge has not yet taken a developed form. Thus, a problem in science is a contradictory situation that needs to be resolved. Such a situation most often arises as a result of the discovery of new facts that clearly do not fit into the framework of previous theoretical concepts, i.e. when none of the theories can explain the newly discovered facts.

The correct formulation and clear formulation of new problems are of great importance. They, if not entirely, then to a very large extent, determine the strategy of research in general and the direction of scientific research in particular. It is no coincidence that it is considered that to formulate a scientific problem means to show the ability to separate the main from the secondary, to find out what is already known and what is still unknown to science about the subject of research.

Thus, if a master student manages to show where the border between knowledge and ignorance about the subject of research lies, then it can be easy for him to clearly and unambiguously define a scientific problem, and, consequently, to formulate its essence.

Separate dissertation research aims to develop the provisions put forward by a particular scientific school. The topics of such dissertations can be very narrow, which does not detract from their relevance. The purpose of such work is to solve particular issues within the framework of one or another already sufficiently tested concept. Thus, the relevance of such scientific works as a whole should be assessed from the point of view of the conceptual setting that the dissertation adheres to, or the scientific contribution that he makes to the development of a general concept.

Meanwhile, undergraduates often avoid taking on narrow topics. It is not right. The fact is that works devoted to broad topics are often superficial and little independent. A narrow topic is worked out more deeply and in detail. At the beginning, it seems that it is so narrow that there is nothing to write about. But as one gets acquainted with the material, this fear disappears, the researcher discovers such aspects of the problem that he had not suspected before.

From proving the relevance of the chosen topic, it is logical to move on to formulation of the purpose of the research being undertaken, as well as to point out the specific tasks to be solved in accordance with this goal. This is usually done in the form of an enumeration (study, describe, establish, find out, derive a formula, etc.).

The formulation of these tasks must be done as carefully as possible, since the description of their solution should form the content of the chapters of the dissertation. This is also important because the headings of such chapters are born precisely from the formulation of the objectives of the research being undertaken.

The object and subject of research as categories of the scientific process are related to each other as general and particular. In the object, the part that serves as the subject of research is singled out. It is on him that the main attention of the undergraduate is directed, it is the subject of research that determines the topic of the dissertation work, which is indicated on the title page as its title.

Choice of research methods is a very important stage of scientific research, which serve as a tool in obtaining factual material, being a necessary condition for achieving the goal set in such work.

Description of the research process- the main part of the dissertation work, which highlights the methodology and technique of research using logical laws and rules.

Discussion of the results of the study is also a very important stage of scientific research, which is carried out at meetings of profiling departments, where a preliminary assessment of the theoretical and practical value of the dissertation and a collective review is given.

conclusions are the final stage of scientific research, which contain something new and significant that constitutes the scientific and practical results of the dissertation work.

The success of the dissertation to the greatest extent depends on the ability to choose the most effective research methods, since it is they that allow you to achieve the goal set in the dissertation.

The practice of students at the National Research University "Higher School of Economics" is an integral part of the main educational program of higher professional education and is carried out in accordance with the approved working curricula and the schedule of the educational process in order to acquire the skills of professional work, deepen and consolidate the knowledge and competencies acquired in the process of theoretical education.

Research practice(hereinafter referred to as the Practice) of masters is carried out with the aim of collecting, analyzing and summarizing scientific material, developing original scientific proposals and scientific ideas for the preparation of a master's thesis, obtaining skills for independent research work, and practical participation in the research work of research teams.

Places of internship

The practice is carried out in state, municipal, public, commercial and non-profit enterprises, institutions and organizations, structural divisions of the University according to the profile of student training.

Internship period

According to the Working Curriculum, 2nd year students undergo research practice from January 9 to March 8, 2020.

Practice registration process

Approve the practice until December 20, 2019 inclusive:

• Preliminarily coordinate the place of practice with the supervisor of the WRC. The individual supervision of the undergraduate research practice is carried out by his supervisor.

Coordinate the individual task (content and planned results of the practice) with the supervisor of the master's thesis and the supervisor from the place of practice.

Submit an application through the LMS in the "Applications for Internship" module:

In case of non-approval of the application through the LMS within the prescribed period, the student has an academic debt.

Provide documents to the study office, room. 3416, until December 27, 2019 inclusive:

FOR PROFILE ORGANIZATION - AGREEMENT NRU HSE WITH ORGANIZATION

It is obligatory to draw up a bilateral agreement between the Higher School of Economics and the Organization in which the student intends to do an internship. The Work schedule (plan) of the practice must be drawn up as an Annex to the Agreement.

The Agreement and the Application are drawn up in two copies.

Signing order: Organization → HSE. The transfer of documents is carried out by the student.

Only the fields highlighted in yellow are to be completed.

Additional practice places

Contracts with companies: Otkritie Bank, Changelenge have already been concluded and there is no need to draw them up additionally. It will be enough to get a certificate of internship with the seal of the organization. The contract with BioFoodLife is in the process of registration, no effort is required on your part. For all vacancies, you will need to send your resume.

FOR PROFILE ORGANIZATION - LETTER OF OFFER AND LETTER OF ACCEPTANCE INSTEAD OF CONTRACT

Instead of the Agreement, it is acceptable to issue a letter of offer from the HSE to the Organization with a request to accept a student for an internship and a letter of acceptance confirming the Organization's consent to accept a student for an internship (except when the internship is conducted in the structural divisions of the University).

Before the start of the internship, the student is obliged to submit to the study office a letter of acceptance of the Organization confirming the provision of a place for the student to do the internship.

Practice reporting

Throughout the entire period of practice, the student must, in accordance with an individual task, collect and process the necessary primary research material, and then provide it in the form of a completed final report on the internship and an internship diary.
At the end of the practice, the student is provided with a review of the practice leader from the Organization (with the signature of the practice leader and the seal of the Organization), containing a description of the work done by the student and an assessment of its quality. If a student has an internship at the Higher School of Economics, a review is not required.

A review and a report on the practice are drawn up in accordance with the approved Practice Program:

NIP SRB 2020 (DOCX, 94 Kb)

1. According to the NIP program, it is necessary to study the online course “Writing in English at University” (formerly called "Academic Writing") on the Coursera platform. The result of passing the online discipline is the completion of the task - writing a Graduate project proposal. In this case, it is not the fact of passing the course that is important, but the result - the prepared text of the Project Proposal. The score will be placed not for the credits and credits received, but for the text. A reference to the on-line Academic Writing course means that there are no classes at the HSE. You are encouraged to complete this course on your own. Pay attention to the requirement for the design of links contained in the practice program (file attached). If you have any substantive questions about taking the online course, you can contact Nikolai Borisovich Filinov. Verification and evaluation of the completed task is carried out by the head of the WRC.
2. Until March 13, 2020 inclusive it is necessary to provide the following documents (to the head of the WRC - in electronic form, to the study office k.3416 - in paper form):

• practice report,
• Project Proposal,
• individual assignment,
• feedback of the head from the place of practice.

1. Until March 24, 2020 WRC leaders evaluate the documents from paragraph 2., send the recommended assessment for practice and the assessment for the project proposal to the commission for the protection of practice.
2. The final form of control for practice is an exam during the session of the 3rd module (from March 25 to March 31). The defense of the practice is held in front of the commission on the set date, taking into account the assessments of the head of the WRC.

The dates of the exams and the composition of commissions for the defense of practice will be formed in early March.

Grading system

The defense of the NIP reports is carried out by the commission within the time limits set by the dean's office of the Faculty of Business and Management, and the day of the defense is appointed by the head of the department. Based on the results of defending the NIP report, the undergraduate receives a credit with a score on a ten-point scale. The results of the defense of the NIP report are put down in the examination sheet.

The defense of research practice is carried out publicly in the presence of a commission from among the faculty of the department and supervisors of master's theses.

The defense of the report on research practice provides for a short report of the undergraduate and answers to questions from the commission on the content of the report.

Students who have not completed the practice program for a good reason are sent to practice a second time, in their free time from study.

Students who do not complete an internship program without a valid reason or receive a negative grade are considered to have academic debt.(DOCX, 26 Kb)

For the implementation of the project, an assessment is made in the session week of the 2nd module.

Failure to complete the project is considered academic debt.

Completing the master's program, the student is required to undergo research practice. This is an opportunity to consolidate all the knowledge accumulated in theory and develop practical skills in their application, which are so necessary in the future profession. Based on the results of his activities, the student draws up a report and submits to his curator.

Scientific research practice (R&D) of undergraduates

Internship for undergraduates is an obligatory stage of the educational process in any areas - economics, law, pedagogy, etc. Every master student must pass it at the end of the academic semester. The scope and schedule of the R&D is agreed with the supervisor. The undergraduate also coordinates the place for his temporary work with the educational department.

Goals and objectives of research

The purpose of the practice can be called the systematization of the theoretical base accumulated during the period of study, as well as the formation of skills for conducting scientific research by setting and solving problems on the topic of the dissertation.

The main task of the student's research work (RW) is to gain experience in the study of the problem posed, the selection of analytical materials for writing the final work.

During the research work, the student studies:

• information sources on the topic of his dissertation research;
• methods of modeling, data collection;
• modern software products;
• rules for the preparation of scientific and technical reports.

Based on the results of the research work, the undergraduate must finally formulate the topic of his dissertation, prove the relevance and practical value of this topic, develop a program for its study and independently implement scientific research.

Place and features of the research practice

Research practice can be carried out on the basis of an organization of any field of activity and form of ownership, an institution of a higher education system, in a state or municipal government.

Research practice for a master student consists of the following stages:

1. Preliminary stage (preparation of work plan)
2. Main research stage
3. Compilation of a report

Attestation of a master student based on the results of his work is carried out on the basis of the defense of the submitted report.

To organize R&D it is necessary:

1. Choose a place for future practice, coordinating it with the head;
2. Conclude an agreement between the chosen base of practice and the university;
3. When directing students to practice, the curator of the masters organizes a meeting at the department of the university and provides students with an internship program, diary, referral, individual assignment and other necessary documents.

Head of research from the university:

• helps to write an individual plan for the student;
• studies and evaluates the analytical materials collected during the work and the diary;
• carries out general management of the research process.

For the entire period of practice, the organization provides the undergraduate with a workplace. The head of practice from the organization is responsible for the current management of the research work (R&D) of the student.

ATits tasks include:

• drawing up a plan for the implementation of the program together with the undergraduate;
• monitoring the activities of the student and providing him with assistance if necessary;
• monitoring the progress of the program;
• verification of analytical materials selected in the course of research work;
• writing a review (characteristics);
• assistance in reporting.

During the period of practice, the student's work should be organized based on the logic of work on a master's thesis. In accordance with the chosen topic, a research program is drawn up. Undergraduates are required to regularly make entries in their diaries about all stages of the work being done. Upon completion of the research activity, it is required to write a report on the undergraduate research practice and submit a finished report to the head of the department of your university.

Research Practice Report

All materials and diary entries collected as a result of practice are systematized and analyzed. Based on them, the undergraduate must make a report, which is submitted to the supervisor for verification within the time frame established by the curriculum. The last step is to defend the report in front of your leader and the commission. Based on the results of the defense, an assessment is made and admission to the next semester is issued.

The practice is evaluated on the basis of reporting documentation compiled by the undergraduate and his defense. It includes: a ready-made report on the internship and a diary.

R&D report structure

The practice report contains 25 - 30 pages and should have the following structure:

1. Title page.

2. Introduction, including:

2.1. Purpose of research, place and period of its passage.

2.2. List of completed tasks.

3. The main part.

4. Conclusion, including:

4.1. Description of acquired practical skills.

4.2. Individual conclusions about the value of the study.

5. List of sources.

6. Applications.

Also, the main content of the R&D report includes:

• list of bibliographic sources on the topic of the dissertation;
• review of existing scientific schools on the research topic. Usually arranged in the form of a table;
• a review of a scientific publication relevant to the topic;
• the results of the development of the theoretical basis of scientific research on their topic and an abstract review (relevance, degree of development of the direction in various studies, general characteristics of the subject, goals and objectives of their own scientific research, etc.). If the results of the research were presented by the undergraduate at conferences or articles were published in journals, then their copies are attached to the report.

The main evaluation criteria for the report are:

• the logic and structure of the presentation of the research material, the completeness of the disclosure of the topic, goals and objectives of the study;
• creative approach to generalization and analysis of data using the latest scientific methods;
• the skills of a clear and consistent presentation of the material, the presentation of the results of their work, the skills of mastering modern research methods, the selection of demonstration materials;

The final grade depends on the correctness of writing the report, so it is worth considering its preparation with due attention. You can even contact your supervisor and ask for an example of a report on the research practice of a master student. Such an example will help to avoid errors in the preparation and execution of the document, and hence the need to redo the work.

The passage of research practice is an important step in preparing for writing a master's thesis. On the basis of the data obtained, a well-written report and entries in the diary of the trainee, the final work is further formed.