Sound setting. Staging sounds in children

Incorrect sound pronunciation refers to FFN (phonetic-phonemic disorders) of speech. Whistling and hissing require special attention, of which the group of anterior lingual palatal sounds (Ж, Ш) is one of the most problematic in speech therapy practice.

The production of the sound Zh is carried out by a speech therapist in individual sessions with the child, automation and differentiation are carried out during the frontal or subgroup form of work.

Reasons for mispronunciation

The incorrect pronunciation of hissing and whistling is called sigmatism.

The reasons why it may appear are various. The most common of these are:

Structural features of the articulatory apparatus: a shortened bridle, "Gothic" palate (when a child has a high arch of the hard palate), defects in the structure of the jaw (malocclusion), nasopharynx.
Weak innervation of the muscles of the tongue, or, conversely, high muscle tone.
Violation of phonemic perception.
Delay in the development of the nervous system of the child.

Problems with sound pronunciation can also appear against the background of imitating the wrong speech of an adult. It is important that the child hears the correct, clean speech not only in the classroom with specialists, but also at home.

Articulation position of sound Zh

The articulation of the sound Zh is similar to the position of the sound Ш, but with the only difference - in the first case, it is necessary to pronounce with the addition of a voice (ligaments are tense), otherwise the characteristics are the same:

The lips are pushed forward slightly, rounded, as when playing the sound O.
The back of the tongue is raised towards the back of the upper palate.
The tip of the tongue is directed upward to the alveoli, located behind the front teeth.
The lateral part of the tongue rests on both sides of the molars.

Incorrect pronunciation of sound: types of hissing sigmatism

Sometimes parents of a child with problems with sound pronunciation turn to a speech therapist for help late. Or they even think that the baby has no problems with speech, due to the fact that they do not always know how this or that sound should be reproduced correctly. Each sound has its own articulation position. It may seem to the ear that the child seems to pronounce it (does not skip and does not replace, it is precisely “F” that is heard), but at the same time it does not always articulate correctly.

Work is built individually, depending on the characteristics of the violation. There are several types of hissing sigmatism, characterized by an incorrect position of the organs of the speech apparatus:

Lower (there is a softening of the sound).
Back-lingual (at the same time, the position of the articulatory organs, as with the sounds G, X; this leads to the fact that the sound Zh is pronounced noisily).
Buccal (in this case, the tongue is motionless, the cheeks are puffed up, the teeth are closed, a dull booming sound is formed).

Prevention of correction of sound pronunciation and prediction

In addition to speech therapy classes that the child attends in kindergarten or speech school, homework is also recommended to eliminate speech disorders and sound correction. Additional work with parents will help to consolidate the material covered.

The teacher may offer parents to perform some exercises from the complex of articulation or breathing exercises with the child at home. If the baby still does not always correctly differentiate the sound, and in free speech replaces it with a similar sound, then adults are recommended to focus on this, offering the correct option.

Thus, work on the correction of sound pronunciation will be carried out continuously: in the garden, on a walk, at home, which will lead to positive results.

The sooner speech therapy work is started, the sooner speech will become correct and all sounds will be brought to automatism.

Stages of formation of the correct sound pronunciation

The formation of the correct pronunciation occurs in stages, from simple to complex. Conditionally corrective work can be divided into three stages:

Setting the sound (the correct position of the organs of articulation, pronunciation in an isolated state).
Automation (correct reproduction in syllables, words, sentences).
Differentiation (difference of similar sounds by ear, in this case hissing Zh-Sh).

Specialists use various methods and techniques. During work at the first stage, the speech therapist uses massage and staging probes in his work. The former help to relax or tone weak muscles, the latter fix the organs of the articulatory apparatus in the correct position. The speech therapist begins each lesson with articulatory gymnastics.

At the initial stages, a mirror is used. This allows the child to correctly correlate his actions with an adult and see if he repeats correctly after a speech therapist. If it is difficult for a child to hold his tongue in one position or another, at first the teacher helps him with the help of probes. However, there are children who perceive these devices fearfully, as they associate them with medical devices. In this case, you can use disposable cotton swabs, they are safe and easy to use.

Charging for the tongue when staging the sound F may include the following exercises:

"Pancake": the exercise is recommended especially for those children who have an increased tone of the muscles of the articulatory apparatus. Correct execution involves keeping the tongue in a relaxed state: the mouth is open, the tongue is wide, lies on the lower lip, while the upper teeth are visible. In this position, you need to linger for 5-10 seconds.
"Tube": this articulation exercise is necessary to develop the correct position of the lips while pronouncing the sound Zh, tones the weak muscles around the mouth.
"Delicious jam": the tip of the tongue should be wide, the child needs to lick the lower lip first, then the upper one. It is advisable to have dry wipes on hand with which you can wipe your mouth.
"Cup": the sides of the tongue rest against the molars. If it is difficult to hold the tongue in this position, at first you can ask him to “wrap the filling in a pancake” (the speech therapist presses the middle part of the tongue with a cotton swab or probe, which helps the baby raise its lateral parts).

With buccal pronunciation, in order to develop proper breathing, strength and direction of the air stream, the child is offered tasks from a set of breathing exercises. For example, you can blow a cotton ball out of your palm.

The sound Zh can be "set" from the sounds Ш, З or Р, provided that at least one of them is pronounced correctly by the child. In the group of sibilants, the main one is Sh, most often it is from him that they start staging a pair of Zh. These sounds have the same articulation position, therefore, if both of them are violated, Sh is put first, then with the addition of a voice - Zh.

1. Articulatory setting from the sound R.

The speech therapist asks to pronounce the syllable "ra". When the child speaks, with the help of a staging probe, the teacher stops the vibrational movements characteristic of the R sound. Instead, “g” will be heard. Then he repeats several more times, after which the child tries to pronounce the syllable “zha” on his own.

2. Staging Zh from the sound Z.

The child pronounces a stretched syllable "for". At this moment, the specialist gently changes the position of the tongue, lifting its tip to the sky with the help of a probe by the front upper teeth.

3. Formation of the correct position Zh from Sh.

In this case, probes and other staging devices are not needed. The main thing is to help the child understand that it is necessary to use the voice. To do this, the speech therapist asks you to put your palms on your throat so that vibration is felt when the vocal cords are tense. Then he suggests trying to pronounce, as loudly as possible, the sound Sh. When the ligaments work, you get Zh.

While working on automation, tasks with the addition of general and fine motor skills are effective.

Finger exercises are widely used. Also, a speech therapist can offer a child to wind a thread around a ball and pronounce a syllable on each skein, a word with a sound that needs to be automated. In group work to consolidate the correct pronunciation in reverse and direct syllables, you can use the ball.

Differentiation of sounds occurs when memorizing (reading) tongue twisters, tongue twisters, proverbs and sayings containing consonant words, for example, “fire - bazaar, sting - hall”. At the initial stage, pictures are used for words.

Topic. Sound stagingand .

Goals. The development of speech motor skills, phonemic perception andphonemic analysis, clarification of sound articulationand, sound productionand and fixing normal articulation inisolated pronunciation, fixing the connection of sound andlettersand.

Lesson content

Organizing time.

Topic message.

There are several pictures on the board (beetle, spider, cat). Speech therapist readsriddle:

Zhu-zhu-zhu, zhu-zhu-zhu,

I'm sitting on a branch
I'm sitting on a branch

letterand I keep saying everything.

Knowing this letter firmly,

I buzz in spring and summer.

- Who is that buzzing on the branch? Find a picture.(Bug.) Yes, it's a beetle.
Show the letter that the word begins withbeetle. (Letterand postingon the board.) This letter represents the soundand. This sound is like a buzzbeetle sting:w-w-w-w. Today we will learn how to pronounce the soundand. For this, it is necessary that the lips and tongue work well.

3. Articulatory gymnastics.
For lips: a smile-tube.

For the tongue: make the tongue wide, wide tongue on the upper lip,wide tongue on the lower lip; raise the wide tip of the tongue to the topteeth, lower the wide tip of the tongue onto the lower teeth, the same forupper teeth, behind lower teeth; make a "boat", make a cup outsideoral cavity, remove the cup in the mouth, blow on the cup.

4. Sound stagingand. The staging technique is used by voicing the soundsh.

- Put your hand on your throat. Make a soundsh, now tellthose it loudly, so that the neck trembled. It turns out the soundand.

After a long pronunciation, it is clarified that the beetle is buzzing like that.Children alternately pronounce this sound. The speech therapist corrects and refines the articulation of sound. In case of difficulty, one hand of the child is appliedgoes to the throat of a speech therapist, the other is placed on the child's larynx. Speech therapistplays soundand, the child imitates using tactile-vibrational sensations.

You can use settingand from the soundh. When making a soundh children are invited to lift the tip of the tongue up behind the upper teeth.

5. Sound articulation refinementg. (sound profile Zh)

Let's make the sound againand. In what position of the lips during pronunciationsoundand?

The lips are pulled forward. (All children repeat.)

In what position are the teeth closed or open?

Slightly open, small gap between teeth.

-Where is the tip of the tongue?

After each question, the speech therapist again shows the articulation of the soundand, children also repeat the sound.

- The tip of the tongue is raised upward, but does not touch the upper teeth.
(All children repeat.) The tip of the tongue and the lateral edges are bent and have
cup shape.

The speech therapist shows the position of the tongue with the help of the hand.

- Show with your hand which tongue? (Children show.)

- What does the tongue look like?

- Cup.

The speech therapist generally describes the articulation of soundand, accompanying hermovement of the hand, depicting the shape of the cup. Children repeat.

6. Development of phonemic analysis.

a)Game "Raise the Flag". The speech therapist calls the words:toad, desk,
lamp, door, leather, shovel, giraffe, hedgehog. Children raise the flag
if the word has a soundand.

b)Distribute the pictures. Pictures are displayed on the board: fire,
puddle, jasmine, beetle, toad, skis, pajamas, acorns, jacket. Children shouldwe divide the pictures into two groups: put the pictures on the left, in thewhose title is the soundand at the beginning of the word, and on the right those pictures in the titlewhose soundand in the middle of a word. At the same time, the speech therapist clearly calls firstla all the pictures, highlighting the sound with your voiceand in the word.

in)Find the place of the soundand in words. Children have numbers 1, 2, 3. Speech therapist
pronounces words, children determine what sound in a rowand in a word (trans.vyy, second or third), and raise the corresponding figure. Sample words:hot, dinner, yellow, burn, iron, fire, liquid, plant.

7 . Strengthening the connection between sound and letterand.

- look at the letterand. What does she resemble, what does she look like?
- On a beetle.

- Make a letter out of sticksand. And then pick up pictures, in the namewhich have soundand.

During the independent completion of this task, the speech therapist indievisually deals with those children who have the articulation of soundand moreinsufficiently anchored.

8. Summing up the lesson.

What sound did we learn to pronounce?

Soundand.

How to pronounce zh sound Children repeat the articulation of soundand.

When articulating the sound Zh

lips rounded and slightly pushed forward;
teeth close;
wide tip of the tongue raised to the alveoli or to the anterior edge of the hard palate and forms a gap with it; the middle part of the back of the tongue descends, but the edges of the tongue are pressed against the side teeth; the back of the back of the tongue rises and is pulled back;
in the middle of the tongue there is a warm air stream, which is easily felt by the palm of the hand raised to the mouth;
soft sky raised and pressed against the back wall of the pharynx, closes the passage to the nasal cavity; the air stream goes through the mouth;
vocal folds tense, hesitating and giving voice.

Sound Automation

1. We fix the pronunciation of the sound Zh in direct syllables.

one). Pronounce syllables 3-4 times:
zha-zha-zhazho-zhu-zhu-zhu-zhuzhi-zhi-zhizhe-zhe-zhe
2) Pronounce syllables with a change in rhythmic pattern:
zha-zhu - zhu-zha-zhzho-zho - zhu-zhu-zhzhu-zhu - zhu-zhu-zhu
zhi-zhi - zhi-zhi-zhizhe-zhe - zhe-zhe-zhe
3) Pronounce syllables with a change in stress:

zha-zha-zhazho-zho-zhozhi-zhi-zhizhe-zhe-zhezhu-zhu-zhu
zha-zha-zhazho-zho-zhozhi-zhi-zhizhe-zhe-zhezhu-zhu-zhu
4) Repeat syllables 3-4 times:
zhu-zho-zhu-zhu-zhu-zhu-zho-zho-zhu-zhu-zhu

Words that start with a J sound:
Sorry, toad, sting, sting, sorry, reaper, jacket, harvest, complaint, Jeanne, greedy, greedy, jasmine; liquid, live, live, live, lives, lived, stomach, animal, liquid, housing, residential; turn yellow, yolk, jelly, Zhenya, yellow, acorn, gutter; beetle.

Words with a J sound in the middle:
Ezhata, leader, leader, pajamas, run, lie down, fire, firefighter, leather, Snezhana, respect, puddle, lying; a burn, a meadow, a flag, a bank, a duck, an iron, I lie, I walk, I look, I will show, I see, they knit, they lick, they smear, already, respect; knives, hedgehogs, lie down, show, bait, snakes, hedgehog, skis, dinner, fawn, dozen, supper, care, blackberry.

4. We fix the pronunciation of the sound Zh in words with a direct syllable.
"One - many":
Say both words:
beetle - beetles
puddle - puddles
toad - frogs
ski - skis
hedgehog - hedgehogs
Uzhonok - Uzhonok
yolk - yolks
hedgehog - hedgehog
jacket - jackets
knife - knives
belly - bellies
acorn - acorns
pajamas - pajamas
teddy bear - cubs

5. We fix the pronunciation of the sound Zh in words with a direct syllable.
"Call it kindly":
snow - snowball
iron - iron
hedgehog - hedgehog
stack - stack
boot - shoe
belly - belly
beetle - beetle
flag - flag
meadow - meadow
shore - shore
circle - circle
jacket - jacket

6. We fix the pronunciation of the sound Zh in words with a direct syllable.
Listen to the word, replace the first sound in it with the sound Zh and say a new word:
onion - ... (beetle), hall - ..., give - ..., woman - ..., little - ..., package - ..., concrete - ..., ticket - ..., bunch - ..., fork - ..., ache - ..., Venya - ... .

7. We fix the pronunciation of the sound Zh in words with a direct syllable.
Listen to the word and divide it into syllables (slap):
floors (e-ta-zh), Uzhonok, Uzhat, acorns, skin, belly, bellies, jasmine, jasmines, bug, beetle, boot, iron, hedgehog, hedgehog, snowball, greedy, blackberry, flag, vest,
sorry, show me, knit.

8. We fix the pronunciation of the sound Zh in words with a direct syllable.
Learn related words
hedgehog - hedgehog, hedgehog, hedgehog, hedgehog, hedgehog;
already - a snake, a snake, a snake, a snake, a dinner.

9.
"Fun account: 1 - 2 - 5":
1 beetle - 2 beetles - 5 beetles
1 hedgehog - 2 hedgehogs - 5 hedgehogs
1 hedgehog - 2 hedgehogs - 5 hedgehogs
1 hedgehog - 2 hedgehogs - 5 hedgehogs
1 hedgehog - 2 hedgehogs - 5 hedgehogs
1 foal - 2 foals - 5 foals

10. We fix the pronunciation of the sound Zh in phrases.
"Fun account: 1 - 2 - 5":
1 knife - 2 knives - 5 knives
1 snake - 2 snakes - 5 snakes
1 inch – 2 inch – 5 inch
1 duck - 2 ducks - 5 ducks
1 acorn - 2 acorns - 5 acorns
1 bear cub - 2 bear cubs - 5 cubs

11. We fix the pronunciation of the sound Zh in phrases.
leather bag (what?) - leather
leather jacket (what?) - leather
leather coat (what?) - leather
leather boots (what?) - leather
iron shovel (what?) - iron
iron nail (what?) - iron
bucket of iron (what?) - iron
buckets made of iron (what?) - iron
blackberry filling (what?) - blackberry
blackberry juice (what?) - blackberry
blackberry jam (what?) - blackberry.

12. We fix the pronunciation of the sound Zh in phrases.
"Whose? Whose?":
The CRANE has a head (whose?) - a crane
beak (whose?) - crane
feather (whose?) - crane
wings (whose?) - cranes
A BEAR has a head (whose?) - a bear
tail (whose?) - bearish
ear (whose?) - bearish
paws (whose?) - bearish

13. We fix the pronunciation of the sound Zh in phrases.
"Whose? Whose?":
A CAMEL'S head (whose?) is a camel's
tail (whose?) - camel
ear (whose?) - camel's
legs (whose?) - camel
RHINO has a head (whose?) - a rhinoceros
tail (whose?) - rhinoceros
ear (whose?) - rhinoceros
legs (whose?) - rhino

14. We fix the pronunciation of the sound Zh in phrases.
The agreement of an adjective with a noun in gender and number.
"Fun account: 1 - 2 - 5":
1 leather jacket - 2 leather jackets - 5 leather jackets;
1 yellow pajamas - 2 yellow pajamas - 5 yellow pajamas;
1 buzzing beetle - 2 buzzing beetles - 5 buzzing beetles;
1 clumsy bear cub - 2 clumsy bear cubs - 5 clumsy cubs.

15.
The hedgehog has a hedgehog. The walrus has a walrus. Already horrified. The toad lies in a puddle. The toad lies in a puddle. Zhenya sharpens knives. Jeanne is wearing yellow pajamas. Zhanna lives on the fifth floor. Snezhana has a live hedgehog. The beetle buzzes: w-w-w-w. show me your knife, Zhenya. Zhora ran out onto the meadow. Gooseberries and blackberries in the garden.

16.
Yellow-skinned acorns lie under the oak. Hedgehogs were running next to the hedgehog. Cranes are flying, and the leader is ahead. Children don't hurt animals and animals love them. There is a flag on the shelf. There is a clumsy teddy bear in a cage. There is a yellow lampshade in the room.

17. We fix the pronunciation of the sound Zh in sentences.

take care of a hedgehog
I take care of the hedgehog
you take care of the hedgehog,
he …,
she is …,
we …,
you …,
they ….

18. We fix the pronunciation of the sound Zh in sentences.
Conjugation in the present tense according to the model.
run after the bear
I'm running after the bear
you run after a teddy bear,
he …,
she is …,
we …,
you …,
they ….

19. We fix the pronunciation of the sound Zh in sentences.
Complete the sentences about the hedgehog with the hedgehogs.
They live in our forest ... (hedgehogs with hedgehogs).
Sitting under a bush...
Zhenya runs to ...
Jeanne runs for ....

20. We fix the pronunciation of the sound Zh in pure phrases.
Learn:
Zha-zha-zha - two hedgehogs walk.
Jo-jo-jo - I'll go out to the meadow.
Zhu-zhu-zhu - I'll tie a ribbon.
Zhi-zhi-zhi - I have knives.

21.
Learn:
* * *
The poor hedgehog is squirming:
He can't do everything.
And the skin turns blue -
So he can't.
* * *
The beetle buzzed, buzzed, buzzed,
The ox lay, lay, lay,
And then he asked:
- Tell me, why are you so buzzing?

22. We fix the pronunciation of the sound Zh in verses.
Learn:
south beach
I'm lying on the south beach
Too lazy to wish for something even.
It's terrible to live in a hot bed -
After all, it can burn the skin.
* * *
A beetle buzzes over the honeysuckle,
Heavy casing on the beetle.

23. We fix the pronunciation of the sound Zh in verses.
Learn:
* * *
The beetle buzzes: “Zhu-zhu-zhu!
I live, I don't grieve
I'm sitting on a branch
And buzz, buzz, buzz.
* * *
A hedgehog sews to its hedgehogs
Eight leather boots.
To everyone's feet
Hedgehog boots.

24. We fix the pronunciation of the sound Zh in verses.
Learn:
* * *
Spruce looks like a hedgehog
Spruce in needles, hedgehog too.

Poor hedgehog
Crane, circling in a puddle,
The bear cub was pushed onto the hedgehog.
Buzzed respected beetle:
“It’s hard for the poor fellow to eat!”

25. We fix the pronunciation of the sound Zh in syllables with a confluence of consonants.
press-press-press-press
wait-wait-wait-wait
wife-wife-wife
zhly-zhly-zhly-zhly
uhm-uhm-uhm-uhm
azhd-zhd-zhd-zhd
zhn-zhn-zhn-zhn
azhl-zhl-zhl-zhl
mzha-mzho-mzhu-mzha
ja-jo-ju-ji
nzha-nzho-nzhu-nzha
lie-lie-lie-lie
azhma-ozhma-uzhma-yzhma
yozhma-yozhma-yuzma-yzhma-yozhma

26. We fix the pronunciation of the sound Zh in words with a confluence of consonants.
Pronounce the words clearly pronouncing the sound J.
Important, necessary, possible, important, wallet, paper, necessary, everyone, scissors, artist, friendly, skier, ski, ski track, cakes, bookish, gentle, diligent, polite, close, blizzard, snowy, taiga.
Enmity, need, win, reward, clothes, hope, rain, wait.

27. We fix the pronunciation of the sound Zh in sentences with a confluence of consonants.
There are false mushrooms on the stump. The artist draws skiers. Clothes soaked in the rain. There are many books on the bookshelf. Skiers run along the track. The canary has a gentle voice. The children ate cakes. Today the winners are being awarded. We have a friendly family. Winter is blizzard and snowy. Every day we walk in the nearby forest.
Important documents are in the wallet. Zhenya cuts paper lace with scissors. Zhora is a polite and diligent boy. The bear is a taiga resident. Jeanne goes to the baggage car. Snezhane bought new clothes. After the rain, you can run through the puddles.

28. We fix the pronunciation of the sound Zh in poems with a confluence of consonants.

* * *
Every beetle buzzes about
How terrible it is to be a beetle, -
Everyone can offend.
How not to buzz about it?
* * *
clumsy bear cub
Dinner is waiting every day
After all, for dinner a teddy bear
Drinks willingly liquid honey.

29. We fix the pronunciation of the sound Zh in poems with a confluence of consonants.
Learn poems by clearly pronouncing the sound Zh.
* * *
Rain, rain
Lei, lei!
Don't be sorry! Lei!
Rain, rain
We need you! -
Toads sang, lying in a puddle.
* * *
The greedy toad lives in the world,
Greed does not let that toad sleep.
Even creepy - not alone
She is so thirsty!

Children in the process of forming speech have various problems with many letters. One of the most common difficulties is staging the sound sh. It is usually difficult for children to pronounce hissing sounds for the reason that they cannot relax the tongue and place it in the required shape, which is required by the correct articulation of the sound sh.

The main reason that a child cannot correctly make hissing sounds is the way the parents communicate with the baby. Many adults deliberately copy the speech of the child, speaking to him in a childish way. Thus, the child hears the wrong pronunciation and gets used to just this manner of staging the sound sh. That is why experts strongly recommend that parents speak to their children correctly.

In addition to the parental craving for imitation of baby talk, some structural features of the articulatory apparatus play an important role in staging the sound sh, which include the following points:

the movement of the tongue is limited due to the shortened hyoid ligament;
articulation is affected by the size of the lips (too thin or full) and the size of the tongue (too big or small);
dental anomalies;
disruption of the auditory canal.

In most cases, a violation of the production of sound sh is quite simply corrected at home with regular and careful work with the child. In some cases, babies who have problems with the pronunciation of hissing will be helped by a speech therapist.

Articulation

The key to good pronunciation is the correct articulation of the sound w and w. To teach a child to pronounce the letters w and w correctly, it is necessary to study one method of articulation, since the speech apparatus works almost the same when pronouncing both letters.
So, in order to correctly pronounce the letter sh, it is necessary to work with the articulatory apparatus as follows:

the baby's lips should be slightly pushed forward in the form of a tube;
the tip of the tongue is raised to the sky so that a small gap remains between them;
with the lateral edges, the tongue of the child is pressed against the upper extreme teeth, giving the tongue the shape of a cup;
a stream of air easily passes through the unused vocal cords, creating the necessary sound.

In order to understand how to teach a child to say the letter zh, it is necessary to resort to the articulation described above, while connecting the vibrations of the vocal cords.
Regular exercises for setting sounds are very important. These exercises can be done both with a speech therapist and at home.

Exercises

Specialists have developed special speech therapy exercises for the sound w and w to help kids learn how to pronounce it correctly. This technique includes many different exercises. Below are the most effective and popular in use among speech therapists.

shoulder blade

This exercise for setting the sound sh is aimed at relaxing the tongue. You need to open your mouth and smile. In a relaxed smile, stretch the tongue forward and place the tip in a calm position on the lower lip. The side walls of the anterior part of the tongue gently touch the corners of the mouth.

It is important to maintain this position without tension for a few seconds. This exercise is basic for such a problem as staging hissing sounds, including the letters zh and sh.

Pie

The task "Pie" must be used to strengthen the muscles of the tongue, as well as to develop the mobility of the side walls of the tongue. As in the previous exercise, the mouth is open in a smile, the tongue lies on the lower lip. Without straining the lips, it is necessary to lift the side walls of the tongue so that a depression forms along the central axis of the tongue.

You need to hold this position for 5 to 10 seconds.

Swing

"Swing" is used to make the children's tongue more mobile. The initial position of the articulatory apparatus is as follows: an open and relaxed smile on the lips, the tongue lies wide and flat (do not allow it to become narrow).

Alternately carried out movements of the tongue:

first, to set the sound w, a wide and flat tongue reaches for the ceiling, after which it goes towards the floor;
then the tongue moves first to the upper lip, then to the lower;
it is necessary to climb with the tongue between the upper lip and upper teeth, and also do the same with the lower lip and teeth;
then the tongue touches the upper and lower incisors;
at the end, you need to touch the wide tip of the tongue to the alveoli behind the lower dentition, and then behind the upper one.

The tongue goes through the teeth

This task is useful for setting the sound w in that it develops the baby's ability to control his tongue well. To complete this task, you need to open your mouth and relax smiling lips. With a wide tip of the tongue, touch the lower dentition from the side of the tongue, and then from the side of the lip.

Painter

This task for working out the letters zh and w helps, first of all, to strengthen control over the setting of the language. It also gives the baby a feel for how to guide the tongue to the top of the mouth.

It is necessary to open the mouth in a half smile, relax the lips and fix the lower jaw in one position. Next, imagine that the tip of the tongue is a paint brush, and the sky is the ceiling that needs to be painted. In order to do this, it is necessary to stroke the palate with the tongue from the larynx to the teeth and vice versa, not allowing the tongue to go beyond the mouth.

The above exercises for setting the sounds w and w should be performed regularly. At the same time, parental control over exactly how the baby performs the exercise is very important - it is important to control the correct fixation of the jaw, the position of the lips and the movement of the tongue.

In order to say the sound sh without problems, you need not only articulation, but also automation.

Automation

For the correct pronunciation of complex sounds, staging and automation of sound are equally important. If the production of the sound w has already been carried out with the help of speech therapy exercises, you can proceed to fixing the sound, that is, to automation.

Automation of the sound w is carried out by working out the sound itself, syllables with this sound, and then words, sentences and texts. The production of hissing sounds is of particular benefit from working with pure phrases, rhymes, proverbs, etc.

The letter sh in syllables and words.

scamp, chess, scarf; Rustle, Chocolate, Shorts, Silk, Whisper, Silk; JOKE, NOISE, FUR COAT; Latitude, Bump, Sewing; Six, Shelest, SHEST, etc.

The letter w in syllables and words.

Heat, Pity, TOAD; Zhor, Juggler, Jockey; Acorn, Yellow, Perch; Crane, Beetle, Horror; Belly, Life, Animal; Iron, Wife, Jaundice, etc.

Automation of the sound w with the reading of phrases.

Masha feeds the baby.

In the summer it's good to walk down the street.

Pasha and Dasha gave porridge to the baby.

GLASHA wrote a poem about our BABY.

Our songs about the BOWL with porridge are good.

Speak in a WHISPER: MORE haircuts are sleeping at the swift.

At the window on the couch I lie.

Mishenka, give me a donut and tell me a fairy tale.

Our Natasha is more beautiful than all girls.

Children's rhymes will also help to pronounce the sound w correctly.

A miner came from the mine
With a wicker basket,
And in the basket is a lump of wool.
A miner found a puppy for our Dasha.
Dancing and jumping Dasha on the spot:
“How good! I have a friend!
I'll bake him a pie
I'll sit down to sew him a fur coat and a hat -
My black puppy will be happy.”

The correct operation of the articulatory apparatus and the careful consolidation of the studied sounds are the only true methods of sound production.

In order for a child to understand how to pronounce complex sounds correctly, it is necessary not only to perform special exercises, but also to monitor the correctness of their own speech.

If you regularly work with your child on the production of sounds, then soon it will be possible to forget about the problem of how to teach a child to speak the letter w.

With correct articulation sound "s" pronounced as follows: the lips are stretched in a slight smile, the teeth are at some distance from each other.
The tip of the tongue is pressed against the front lower teeth, while the tongue itself is curved, and its sides rest against the molars. The air jet is narrow and strong.
Violations in the pronunciation of this sound can be of three types:
The child replaces the sound "C" with another, lighter in articulation sound;
The sound "C" is completely absent in children's speech (this phenomenon is called sigmatism);
The child distorts the sound "C".
Before working on the production of the sound “C”, you need to make sure that the child’s articulatory apparatus is fully prepared for the pronunciation of whistling sounds. For its preparation, articulatory gymnastics is used. A set of articulation exercises that are best suited for staging a given sound is selected by a specialist.
After preparation, you can start setting the sound. There are several ways:
1. Sound production based on imitation. Sit with your child in front of a mirror and show him the correct articulation of the sound "C". Make sure that the child carefully follows your movements, as the correct pronunciation of the sound depends on this. Let the child open his mouth after you, smile a little, put his tongue down, press the tip of his tongue to his lower teeth and blow a stream of air through his tongue. As a result of the actions taken, the sound “C” will be heard.
2. Sound production based on imitation using game moments. The speech therapist uses special exercises to imitate some actions, for example: a balloon is blown away (s-s-s-s). At the same time, real objects are sometimes used in such simulation exercises, which arouse the interest of the child even more, since he can independently interact with them.
3. Staging sound based on reference sounds. The specialist selects those sounds that are reference for the desired sound. For the sound "C" these are the sounds "I" and "F". Having learned how to pronounce the reference sounds correctly, it will be easier for the child to slightly change their articulation to get the sound “C”.
4. Staging sound mechanically. With the help of improvised means, the specialist independently positions the articulatory organs of the child in the correct position and asks him to gently but strongly blow out the air. When a child gets the sound "C", he can pronounce it on his own without the help of adults.
As soon as the child learns to pronounce the sound "C" in isolation, you can move on to the next step - sound automation.
To automate the sound "C", experts use a specially selected series of syllables and words that have this sound, various exercises that are interesting for children. Poems are also widely used. Children are very fond of poetry, which favorably affects the result.

Sound "Z" in terms of the position of the organs of articulation, it is very similar to the sound "C". The difference lies in the fact that the sound "Z" is voiced, so when it is pronounced, a voice appears.

The production of this sound begins only after the sound “C” is fully automated and the child pronounces it well both in isolation and in various speech structures, since it is on its basis that the sound “Z” can be easily and in the best way. In this regard, the child should learn well the difference in the pronunciation of these sounds. During games to work out the air jet, it is necessary to draw the attention of the child to the fact that it should not be too strong. In order for the child to better learn the difference between two similar sounds, you can invite him to put his hand on his throat and pronounce both sounds. When pronouncing the sound "Z", he will feel the characteristic vibration that the vocal folds reproduce. When the voice does not turn on, we will not detect such a vibration.

After the child begins to confidently pronounce the sound “З”, you need to ask him to make his voice louder and pronounce this sound clearly and distinctly in order to better learn and remember the correct pronunciation of the sound “З”. This is necessary for the next stage of work - audio automation.

In order to automate this sound, experts use various games and game exercises based on working with syllables and words, as well as poems that help children unobtrusively fix the correct pronunciation of the sound “З”. Also, correctly selected and interesting material for children, which motivates them to play, helps in this. After all, you must admit that the task of finding from several bright cards with the image of familiar objects, an object with the right sound, will arouse the interest of almost any child. In this regard, the automation of sound taking place in favorable, natural conditions for children, on the one hand, is very effective, and on the other hand, does not cause difficulties for children.

"C" sound has a position of the organs of articulation similar to the sounds "C" and "Z". This sound is considered an affricate, i.e. a sound consisting of two sounds: "T" and "S". Therefore, when pronouncing it, we hear the sound "T" smoothly turning into the sound "C". This plays a big role in the production of the sound “Ts”, since for its implementation the child must at least correctly pronounce both of these sounds.

When pronouncing the sound “Ts”, there is the same strong, explosive air jet as when pronouncing a separate sound “T”, and the whistling shade of this affricate gives the sound “C”. But not always a good pronunciation of these sounds by a child guarantees the production of the sound “Ts” through imitation.

Since the position of the organs of articulation of the sounds "C" and "C" is very similar, the sound "C" is quite easy to set on the basis of the correctly pronounced sound "C", but requires additional work with the tip of the tongue, since its movements during the pronunciation of all the sounds mentioned are very similar. Therefore, it is important to explain to the child the principle of the tip of the tongue when pronouncing each individual letter, for greater clarity, resorting to their comparison.

As soon as the child began to correctly pronounce the isolated sound "Ts", you must immediately begin to automate it.

Automation of the sound "C" can be carried out in different ways, depending on many factors. For each baby, the specialist selects his own method, taking into account all the information that he has about the child, and which, in his opinion, will give the best result. The more creative the specialist approaches the choice of ways to automate the sound for each baby, the more noticeable the results will be.

To automate the sound "Ts", various exercises are used with syllables, words and sentences that include the desired sound. Exercises with pictures, which depict words with the sound "C" are very interesting for young children and introduce them to the atmosphere of the game, which makes learning easier and faster. The sound "Ts" can be automated with the help of verses, where this sound is clearly emphasized. Automation of sound in texts based on imitation helps to recreate the real situation of speaking. Thus, the automation of sound can be made interesting and exciting for the child. But it is worth remembering that the production and automation of sounds should be carried out by a specialist who can comprehensively assess the level of a child’s speech and select an individual set of classes and exercises for him.

sound "sh" the organs of articulation should be in the following position: the lips are stretched in a slight half-smile, the mouth is slightly open, the teeth are at a distance of 3-5 mm from each other. The broad base of the tongue is slightly raised to the alveoli or to the edge of the hard palate, but not pressed against it. In the middle, the tongue bends a little, and its sides rest against the side teeth. A stream of warm air flows through this groove, which is easily felt in the palm of your hand if you bring it to your mouth. The soft palate rests against the back wall of the pharynx and is in an elevated position, thereby closing the passage to the nasal cavity, so that air passes through the mouth. When pronouncing the sound "SH", the voice should not appear.

The production of the “Sh” sound begins with the fact that the statics of the sound are being worked out. The organs of articulation involved must be in the correct position. Only after achieving this goal, you can proceed to working out the sound “Sh” in dynamics.

Most often, when pronouncing the sound “Sh”, children make the following mistakes:

incorrect actions with lips;
in the process of pronouncing the sound “Sh”, the teeth are clenched;
the tongue is in close contact with the alveoli, as a result of which the air stream passes through the sagging lateral edge;
the tongue narrows too much;
weak exhalation when pronouncing a sound or passing air into the nasal cavity.

If there are any difficulties, it is necessary to return to the stage of working out the statics of the sound and assess the degree of accessibility to the child of the position in which his articulation apparatus should be while pronouncing the sound “Sh”. In most cases, this is where some problems are found that need to be addressed in order to return to the stage of working out sound in dynamics. But sometimes even the statics of sound is not available to the child, in this case it is necessary to return to the preparatory stage, namely, to articulation exercises, modifying their complex, taking into account the difficulties of this child.

The sound begins to automate when the child pronounces it correctly. The automation of the “Sh” sound occurs in the same way as the automation of other sounds. That is, a speech therapist, in accordance with the speech characteristics of the child, selects for him a set of exercises and games that in an accessible form will help him master the pronunciation of the sound “Sh”. For games and exercises, the specialist uses a variety of visual material. The specialist works on the sound "Sh" in syllables, words of varying complexity, sentences, achieving absolutely correct pronunciation in all these cases.

During classes for the production of the sound “Sh”, the specialist monitors the correct pronunciation of this sound by children, i.e. checks the position of the organs of articulation involved in the pronunciation of a given sound (lips, tongue) and the presence of an air stream going through the middle of the tongue.

If there are problems in pronunciation, the specialist must once again pronounce the sound “Sh” together with the children and work out the correct position of the organs of articulation. In this process, you can involve a child who pronounces this sound well.

With correct articulation sound "J" rounded lips move forward, teeth are close to each other. The tongue is raised with a wide tip to the alveoli or to the anterior edge of the hard palate, forming a gap through which air passes. The middle part of the tongue descends, while the edges of the tongue are pressed against the side teeth. At the same time, the back of the tongue takes on an elevated position and is pulled back. The soft palate is in close contact with the back wall of the pharynx, playing the role of a barrier that does not allow air to pass through the nose, but directs it through the mouth.

The voice is involved in pronouncing the sound "Zh". When pronounced, the sound "Ж" is very similar to the sound "Ш". Lips, teeth and tongue are in the same position. It is these facts that allow us to conclude that the sound “Ж” can be set on the basis of the sound “Ш”, provided that it is correctly pronounced by the child.

First you need to make sure that the sound "Sh" is sufficiently automated in the child's speech, and only after that start staging the sound "W". The specialist draws the attention of the child to the pronunciation of the sound “Sh” and asks him to add a voice to make the sound “Zh”. When staging a sound using this method, it is very important to explain to the child the difference in pronouncing the sounds “Ш” and “Ж” and to let them feel the vibration on their neck, which is caused by the vocal cords during the sound accompaniment of the sound “Ж”. In order to fix the sound “Ж”, various onomatopoeias are usually used (the buzzing of a bee, beetle). As soon as the child begins to correctly pronounce the isolated sound “Ж”, you need to start automating it and introducing it into the active dictionary.

Automation of sound must necessarily take place in a playful way. These can be specially selected games, activities, exercises, etc. In duration, they can last from 15 to 30 minutes, depending on the age of the child. Ideally, this time should be the least noticeable for the child and the most fruitful for the speech therapist. In no case is overworking the baby allowed.

Classes on automating the sound "Ж" should be built on exercises based on the inclusion of the sound "Ж" in syllables, words and phrases. Such exercises help to connect the visual, auditory and articulatory control of the child during the pronunciation of sounds, but at the same time do not forget the meaning of the spoken speech structures. In the selection of words, the specialist is guided by the principle from simple to complex.

To pronounce correctly sound "h" the organs of articulation should be in the following position: the lips are slightly rounded into a tube and slightly extended. The teeth are at some distance from each other, so they do not close. The tongue, with its tip and back, connects to the upper teeth or alveoli, thereby imperceptibly forming a gap between them. A short stream of air passes in the middle of the tongue. The soft palate is in an elevated state and is pressed against the back wall of the pharynx, blocking the passage of exhaled air into the nose. The vocal cords are in a relaxed state, they are moved apart, respectively, the voice is not formed.

The sound "Ch" is an affricate and consists of two sounds: "TH" and "SH". If the child pronounces these two sounds correctly, then there should not be any difficulties with staging the sound “H”.

That is why a specialist can use several methods to produce the sound “H”, based on the correct pronunciation of the sounds “TH” and “SH”.

Let's take two methods as an example:

The speech therapist asks the child to pronounce the combination of sounds “T-T-T-T” very quickly (the tip of the tongue should touch the base of the upper teeth). Next, you need to gradually begin to move the tip of the tongue back, touching the upper alveoli. At the same time, the lips stretch into a smile.
The specialist asks the child to slowly and then quickly pronounce the sounds "TH" and "SH" so that it turns out TH. A wide smile must be present, this is an important factor in correct pronunciation.

After setting the sound "Ch" in any way, it is necessary to practice pronouncing this sound in isolation in a playful way. To do this, you can, for example, invite the child to depict a ticking clock “h-h-h” or show how he would calm the noisy child “h-h-h”.

As soon as the child begins to correctly pronounce the sound “Ch” in isolation from other sounds, work can begin on its automation.

Automation of the sound "Ch" should also take place in a playful form adapted for the child, i.e. be based on games, tasks and exercises interesting to children. When choosing the forms with which the automation of the sound “Ch” will be carried out, it is necessary to take into account the age of the child. For each age, certain pictures and toys are selected that have the sound "Ch" in their names. Staging poems, fairy tales, stories are well suited. Young children are easier to remember visual images, so the presence of visual material in such classes will only benefit.

During the automation of the sound “Ch”, the child must pronounce this sound in words and phrases in a somewhat exaggerated way, i.e. clearly, clearly, intonation highlighting it.

With correct pronunciation sound "L" the lips are stretched in a slight smile, the teeth are close to each other, but do not touch. The tip of the tongue rises to the upper alveoli and forms a bow with them. The back of the tongue rises to the palate, while all other parts of it, including the edges, descend to the lower teeth. Exhaled air passes along the sides of the tongue. Air passes through the mouth thanks to the soft palate, which is raised and pressed against the back of the throat. Sound "L" voiced, i.e. voice is involved in its pronunciation. The voice is formed as a result of tension and vibration of the vocal folds.

Let's analyze some mistakes that lead to the incorrect pronunciation of the sound "L":

The tongue is pulled too far into the mouth, as a result of which a sound is heard that is more like "Y". In this case, the child's attention should be focused on the interdental position of the tongue.
Not a tight bow. The child is invited not only to touch the teeth with his tongue, but to rest against them with force.
Incorrect position of the lips. That is, the replacement of dental-lingual articulation, characteristic of the pronunciation of the sound “L”, with labial-labial or labial-tooth articulation. The desired position of the lips is achieved with the help of a specialist who holds them with his hands or with a probe.
Wrong breath. It can be forced when a sound similar to "F" is produced, which occurs with the participation of the cheeks. Or maybe nasal, when you get a sound like "H". The specialist directs the child's attention to the soft palate, exhalation of the air stream through the mouth and its smoothness.

The production of the sound "L" is carried out by imitation with the help of a mirror. To begin with, the child must be taught to bite the wide tip of the tongue and hold it in place when opening the mouth. Only after the child learns to reproduce this action without errors, you can begin to put the sound "L" with an emphasis on the interdental position. Here, the specialist again uses a mirror and exercises with syllables that have the sound “L”. Classes on staging this sound continue until the child begins to clearly and clearly pronounce the isolated sound “L”.

After the sound production is completely completed, you can start automating it. Automation of the “L” sound will give the best results if it is carried out in a playful way. Audio automation classes don't have to be long and tedious. Depending on the age of the child, the duration of the lesson on automating the sound “L” varies between 15-30 minutes. During a sound automation lesson, the child should pronounce the sound “L” for a long time and with a motionless tongue. When the tongue separates from the alveoli, the "L" sound will turn into a vowel sound.

In order to pronounce correctly "R" sound you need to slightly open your mouth (lips and teeth should not be closed) and direct the tip of the tongue to the base of the upper teeth. When pronouncing the sound "R", the tip of the tongue should be tense and vibrate. The middle part of the tongue should take the form of a spoon (ladle). With its sides, the tongue is in contact with the upper molars. A warm and strong stream of air passes through the center of the tongue.

There are several types of violations:

the child does not pronounce the sound “P” at all (this phenomenon is called rotacism);
the child replaces the sound "P" with another sound (pararotacism). Most often, the child replaces the sound “P” with “L”, “Y”, “S”, “G”, “V”;
the child distorts the sound "R".

Experts consider the sound "P" the most difficult to set. Before staging the sound “R”, it is necessary to work out several positions that are needed for its correct pronunciation. The child should be able to open his mouth wide and remain in this position for some time, hold his tongue in the form of a spoon (ladle), freely raise and lower his tongue, vibrate his tongue, while fixing the lateral edges in one position.

There are several ways to make the "R" sound.

The sound "R" is put on the basis of other sounds, for example, the sound "D". Also, the specialist often uses a combination of the sounds "T" and "D". When pronouncing a series of these sounds, the child is asked to blow strongly on the tip of the tongue to cause vibration. But this method is not always successful.
The sound "R" is put in 2 stages. To begin with, at the first stage, the child should be taught to pronounce the sound “R” without vibration (fricative). When the goal is achieved, it is recommended to fix it in syllables. At the second stage, the development of the sound “P” with vibration (rolling) begins.

Setting the sound “R” using these and other methods requires a professional approach, since it is very difficult to deliver this sound to a child at home and without the use of special mechanical devices and articulation massage techniques.

You can proceed to the automation of the sound “P” only after the child has learned to clearly pronounce the isolated sound “P”. After that, you can begin to insert this sound into syllables, words and phrases. The work on automating the “P” sound should be built according to the degree of complexity and take place in a playful way, using a variety of games, rhymes, songs, etc. To do this, classes are organized with a speech therapist to automate the sound "R", in which children in an understandable and accessible form fix the pronunciation of the sound "R". For the most successful result, the specialist must organize all classes according to a certain system, therefore it is not recommended to do this on your own, without having certain knowledge.