Geometric shapes for children.

Tangram - an old oriental puzzle of figures obtained by cutting a square into 7 parts in a special way: 2 large triangles, one medium, 2 small triangles, a square and a parallelogram. As a result of folding these parts with each other, flat figures are obtained, the contours of which resemble all kinds of objects, ranging from humans, animals and ending with tools and household items. These types of puzzles are often referred to as "geometric construction sets", "cardboard puzzles" or "cut puzzles".

With a tangram, a child will learn to analyze images, highlight geometric shapes in them, learn to visually break an entire object into parts, and vice versa - to compose a given model from elements, and most importantly - to think logically.

How to make a tangram

A tangram can be made from cardboard or paper by printing out a template and cutting along the lines. You can download and print the tangram square diagram by clicking on the picture and selecting "print" or "save picture as...".

It is possible without a template. We draw a diagonal in a square - we get 2 triangles. Cut one of them in half into 2 small triangles. We mark the middle on each side of the second large triangle. We cut off the middle triangle and the rest of the figures at these marks. There are other options for how to draw a tangram, but when you cut it into pieces, they will be exactly the same.

A more practical and durable tangram can be cut from a rigid office folder or a plastic DVD box. You can complicate your task a little by cutting out tangrams from pieces of different felt, overcasting them around the edges, or even from plywood or wood.

How to play tangram

Each figure of the game must be made up of seven parts of the tangram, and at the same time they must not overlap.

The easiest option for preschool children 4-5 years old is to assemble figures according to diagrams (answers) drawn into elements, like a mosaic. A little practice, and the child will learn to make figures according to the contour pattern and even invent his own figures according to the same principle.

Level one - download and print a colored tangram, so it will be easier to navigate the diagram.

Schemes and figures of the game tangram

Recently, designers have often used tangram. The most successful use of tangram, perhaps, as furniture. There are tangram tables, and transformable upholstered furniture, and cabinet furniture. All furniture, built on the principle of tangram, is quite comfortable and functional. It can be modified depending on the mood and desire of the owner. How many different options and combinations can be made from triangular, square and quadrangular shelves. When buying such furniture, along with instructions, the buyer is given several sheets with pictures on various topics that can be folded from these shelves.In the living room you can hang shelves in the form of people, in the nursery you can put cats, hares and birds out of the same shelves, and in the dining room or library - the drawing can be on a construction theme - houses, castles, temples.

Here is such a multifunctional tangram.

Can you compose animals from geometric shapes?

Never tried?

Then you should look at the pictures on the site, where various animals are made up of geometric shapes. Offer these drawings to your children: they will surely appreciate their originality.

geometric world

In everything that surrounds us, you can find elements of geometry.

The table can be round or square, our houses are parallelepipeds, etc. Have you seen how artists paint? They first outline the contours of the object with a base of geometric shapes, and only then draw smooth lines around them. They see the world as geometric, and smooth or soft lines only hide the real essence of things.

In pedagogy for preschool children, there is even a whole direction where children are taught to see pure geometric shapes in everything. This is Mary's pedagogy. She believed that pure geometric shapes contribute to the better development of children and their orientation in the world. It cannot be said that this system is ideal, but it has found its supporters.

And now let's remember the works of artists of the era of modernism and postmodernism. Before my eyes there are pictures filled with squares, triangles, circles, trapeziums and all kinds of figures painted in different colors. This is how the painters of the new era saw the world, and this must have been the basis. They tried to convey this world untouched by human hands. Their desire was to show that all of us and all the objects around us are made up of geometric shapes. Our whole world, if you look closely, is solid geometry.

How to use pictures with children

It is quite understandable that the question arises: artists are one thing, but why do children need such a vision of the world?

Of course, pictures with animals from geometric shapes do not aim to impose on the baby an extraordinary vision of the world. However, why not show that such an interpretation of everything that surrounds us is possible.

The pictures can be interesting and exciting to study the names of geometric shapes. From a simple display and repetition, the child quickly gets tired and begins to refuse classes, even if their mother conducts them at home. Another thing is if the figures need to be found in animals. There is genuine curiosity here.

When you have fully explored the names of the figures and their appearance with your child, ask the child to show his vision of the world. Let an animal or any object be taken as an example.

Ask: what geometric figure does it look like.

Such exercises:

1. - develop observation skills;
2. - improve logical and spatial thinking;
3. - contribute to the vision of an object hidden behind the outer shell.

The kid learns to see and observe what others cannot or cannot see. Is this not the education of an artist and a creative person?

And you can play the reverse game. Imagine that you are an abstract artist. Let one of you draw something consisting of geometric shapes, and the other will try to guess what is drawn. Postmodern painters often encoded their drawings on a canvas filled with squares, rectangles, trapezoids… children's magazines offered the same puzzles in the past.

You yourself can create such a puzzle: you just need a little imagination and a look at the world through the prism of geometry.

Click on the picture to download this exercise book for kids for free.
Examples of notebook pages with applications for children from 1 to 3 years old.

Applications for children from 4 to 7 years. Click on the picture to download this book.

Application is an ancient method of developing children of all ages, which includes a huge number of varieties: from geometric shapes, from fabric, from natural materials, subject, plot, decorative, and so on.

Application classes will make an extremely positive contribution to the development of the child:

Preparation of the workplace and materials

Whether it's a simple application of geometric shapes or gluing a long story using the provided data, due attention must, first of all, be given to the organization of the workplace of the child:

• scissors (light, small, comfortable for a child's hand, always with blunt ends);
• a base that will become the base for the application (for example, a white sheet of paper, cardboard, a wooden block);
• glue (preferably glue - a pencil that will not spread, spill or stain, unlike the usual liquid form);
• working material (what the application will be made of: colored paper, fabric, cereals, foil, flowers, and so on).

Working with Templates

For the correct organization of classes with applications with children, it is important to work out every little thing, in particular templates. Applications for the smallest (3-5 years), for example, from geometric shapes, leave no questions about creating templates for them. In this case, it is necessary to create a drawing, indicating on it the places where the baby should glue the pre-cut elements.

In situations with preparation for applications for older children, certain difficulties may arise if the organizer does not have good drawing skills. The described situation is due to the need to create more complex sketches, circling and cutting out on their own, which children can get the necessary components of a future craft.

The algorithm for working with templates is identical for each type of application:

• create a sketch in color;
• copy the original drawing;
• cut (for children 3-5 years old) or divide with bright lines (for children from 5 years old) the image copied in color into the constituent parts of the future work;
• glue the elements on the prepared base.

Figure templates for the younger group of kindergarten

Applications from geometric shapes - the most suitable a way to develop fine motor skills and creative thinking of children in the younger group of kindergarten:

Figure templates for the older group of kindergarten

Application of geometric shapes, addition of the plot of the picture, "drawing up" the picture of animals, birds, by gluing eyes, paws, wings, and so on - the main types of applicative activities with children 4-5 years old:

Figure templates for kindergarten preparatory group

Tasks for children over 5 years old, as a rule, they mean not only cut and paste, but also independently prepare a template for the application:

Figure templates for grade 1

An application of geometric shapes will certainly succumb to schoolchildren who know how to handle scissors carefully.

Students are given complicated tasks with a large number of patterns - circles, polygons, which will require strength, perseverance, and accuracy to cut out.

Applications:

Figure templates for grade 2

Scroll:

Figure templates for grade 3

Scroll:

Figure templates for grade 4

Scroll:

Application on the theme "Summer"

Applications of the forest, the sun, mushrooms, trees, grass, made of geometric shapes of various materials, perfectly reveal the theme of summer in the work of the child:

As a result of the work, the child receives an image of a sunny day with all the components of the summer period.

Application on the theme "Autumn"

In the work on the "autumn" applications, you can, as an option, use natural material:

As a result of the simplest manipulations, the child will receive an application illustrating the details of the autumn season.

Application on the theme "Winter"

Work with a winter theme can be done from a variety of materials: cotton wool, paper, fabric, and so on. The most useful from the point of view of the development of fine motor skills in children is an application consisting of small pieces of paper. The child should not cut out these components, but tear the paper as small as possible. As a basis, it is better to use a dark blue sheet of colored cardboard.

Performance:

1. To begin with, children need to prepare templates for houses, trees, consisting of geometric shapes. (rectangles - houses; squares - windows of houses; elongated rectangles - tree trunks; triangles - roofs of houses).
2. Having glued the received details of the application into place, you can begin the process of tearing the paper.
3. Small pieces of white paper, obtained as a result of the work done, are randomly attached to the roof, branches, ground, depicting snowfall or snowdrifts.

As a result of creativity on a sheet of paper, an image of a winter city is obtained.

Application on the theme "Space"

When working on a "space" application, you can offer the child to "compose" constellations:

As a result of creativity, various constellations of the night sky should be obtained: Ursa Major / Minor, Gemini, Canis Major, and so on.

Drawing patterns from geometric shapes

Drawing up a pattern of geometric shapes helps to master or consolidate knowledge about their names in children, develops fine motor skills, creative thinking, and imagination. This type of activity consists in gluing the simplest figures in a chaotic manner to obtain a pattern or classifying components according to size, shape, color, and so on.

To generate a child's interest in this type of application, an adult invites him to decorate a napkin.

Having provided the student with templates, it is necessary to show him a sample, a copy of which should be the result of the work. An alternative to a model can be cooperation with a teacher, where, hearing the name (color, size) of a geometric figure previously cut out according to a template, the child must choose the one and stick it in the indicated place.

It is important for the organizer of application classes to remember the need to:

• competently equip the workplace of the “student”: remove the excess, prepare the necessary;
• in the classroom, resort to gaming techniques to keep the interest of the child;
• use a variety of materials for applications in order to best develop children's tactile sensations;
• choose topics that correspond to the interests of a particular age group;
• ask the child to express a personal opinion after the work done for further analysis of errors in the organization of the process;
• do not limit the child's imagination and allow him to refine the lesson plan with applications in the course of work.

Applications made in the style of the simplest gluing of pictures from geometric shapes, along with more complex options, should, first of all, bring joy to children.

Definitely, the “teacher” should interest the children before formulating the task, praise them in the process, and evaluate the merits of the work already completed. Enjoying classes, the child will not only develop, but also enjoy spending time in the company of peers or parents, which means that appliqué classes will be firmly rooted in his life for a long time.

Video: application of geometric shapes

Applications from geometric shapes in the video:

How to create an application with animals, find out in the video:

This geometric applique not only develops the creative abilities of the child, but also develops the mathematical abilities of the preschooler.

An interesting plot of the picture helps to describe your work (develops imagination), to study geometric shapes and their colors. In addition, applique classes help the baby develop fine motor skills of the hands.

To make an application, you need to prepare:

Paper (cardboard) for printing and preparing templates;

Double sided tape;

Volumetric double-sided tape;

Plastic eyes (you can cut out eyes - circles from cardboard);

Brown threads for knitting;

Pompom for the nose (can be replaced with a button);

Scissors.

Step-by-step process of making a three-dimensional application with a dog

1. Prepare templates

2. Cut out the details for making a puppy

3. Glue a wide strip of adhesive tape on the sand image.

We remove the protective film.

We glue bulk cattle on the squares numbered 1, 2, 3. We do not remove the protection from the adhesive tape.

4. Gently pour sand onto a strip of adhesive tape, shake off excess sand.

5. We remove the protection from the voluminous adhesive tape, paste on them a crush figure - a ball and semicircle figures - legs.

The photo shows the volume.

6. We glue the tail with the help of voluminous adhesive tape.

7. We glue the ears with the help of voluminous adhesive tape

8. We glue the head with the help of voluminous adhesive tape.

9. We take two rectangles and stick strips of adhesive tape on the back side.

10. Remove the protection from the adhesive tape and wind the yarn around the rectangles.

As a result, we get.

11. We glue a large rectangle using volumetric adhesive tape.

12. We glue a small rectangle using volumetric adhesive tape.

13. We glue plastic eyes with glue.

14. Stick on the nose - pompom.

15. Our voluminous application is ready.

Such an application will become an interior decoration, it can be presented as a gift. Using the plot of the application, you can compose various interesting stories.

Many novice educators are considering how to make an application from geometric shapes and why it is needed. In the course of such lessons and activities, kids get a lot of useful information about the types of geometric shapes and learn to understand the basic shapes of objects. After working with small details, the child will have well-developed fine motor skills of the hands, and he will also be well prepared for mathematics.

Application from various shapes is an incredibly interesting activity with which you can help your child develop the following abilities:

• good thinking;
• creativity and imagination;
• artistic taste;
• eye gauge;
• correct color perception.

Color-matching activities can teach your child how to match colors. In addition to developing many abilities, every child enjoys this activity.

You can start such interesting activities when the baby has already started going to kindergarten.

Gallery: application of geometric shapes (25 photos)

Applications for little ones

In the younger group, kids learn the skills of carefully gluing the details of a future composition: apply glue correctly and evenly, arrange details of a certain color and forms in the right order, remove excess glue with napkins.

If you don’t want the baby to lose interest in this activity, you need to play with geometric shapes and collages of geometric shapes. For example, colored circles can be turned into balls, and apples can be turned into a caterpillar. From the squares you can get a cat or a dog.

In the lessons with the application Educators often use a funny moment: show the kids a large sheet with the image of some cute animal, for example, a cat or a fox. After that, together they come up with how to make it themselves from the figures.

In the second younger group, they perform more difficult tasks - glue finished parts changing shape and color. To increase interest in classes, educators create new tasks, ask to add something to the finished craft.

When children master the basic skills of working with scissors, you can entrust them with more complex tasks, for example, fill a big truck with things. In this group, children are often assigned to make a rocket.

In the middle group, they are taught to consolidate the skills of cutting strips, sections and dividing geometric shapes. From the cut out details they can make: a Christmas tree, a hut, a boat, a rocket, a flower.

It is difficult for any child to cut out round-shaped details, but without this it is difficult to make a normal animal or bird. Most kids like make duckling, bunny and chicken. Thanks to the correct work with applications of geometric shapes, they can learn to depict various vehicles, for example:

• airplane;
• tank;
• tractor.

In the older group, everyone is working on their acquired skills and learning how to create crafts from geometric shapes with vivid images.

At this age, children like perform group work and composition. This contributes to the development of communication between children and the ability to get along with each other. Usually a collective composition takes only two days: first a house is created, a little man, and then a car. Both preschoolers and children in elementary grades are fond of such activities.

The most difficult work is the application of a clown from geometric shapes, it has a lot of details and bright colors, it takes a long time to cut it out. To make it easier, you can first draw diagrams.

Conclusion

Most often, such work is carried out in kindergarten or in grades 3-4. Crafts from triangles or squares are all quite simple. If you want to prepare your child for many things in the future, you should try appliqués with him.