How to prepare a child for school - useful tips on how to prepare a child correctly and on time. How to prepare a child for school, and where can this be done? Preschool preparation for school at home

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Preparing a child for entry into grade 1 is not easy. Some parents and grandparents are ready to teach the future first grader all night long. In recent years, preparatory courses, which are available at many general education schools, gymnasiums and special children's centers, have become in great demand. In general, every child (preschooler) must go through the entire preparatory process, consisting of certain stages, only then the preparation for school will be successful.

What should a child know and be able to do before entering school?

Preparing children for school takes a lot of time, so some parents prefer to send their children to private schools. Such institutions recruit groups of pre-school children to learn everything they need under the guidance of professional educators. At the same time, families should also regularly deal with children, because in any case, an individual approach is important. In order for the child to be able to adapt to school subjects without great difficulties, he must:

• know the letters
• be able to read (possibly by syllables) small simple texts;
• have writing skills;
• know the seasons, the names of months, days;
• know your last name, first name, patronymic;
• have a good memory to memorize 5-7 out of 10 clearly named simple words;
• find similarities and differences between objects;
• be able to subtract and add numbers within the first ten;
• know the basic geometric shapes;
• know 10-12 primary colors, etc.

Methods of preparing children for school

Before you give your child any pre-school assignments, check out a few popular techniques. With their help, the child during the training can acquire all the necessary skills. Teaching methods are usually aimed at developing fine motor skills, logical thinking, obtaining mathematical knowledge, etc. At the same time, taking into account the individual characteristics of the preschooler, it is necessary to engage in his physical training. Known methods of primary education:

• Zaitsev;
• Montessori;
• Nikitins.

Zaitsev's technique

In order for the preschool preparation of the child at home to be successful, pay attention to Zaitsev's methodology, which includes an approach to teaching reading, writing, English and Russian. It involves the use of visual perception of information. The basic principle is to teach the baby everything necessary without harm to health and taking into account individual characteristics. She is able to activate the channels of perception of information, saving time and saving the baby from cramming. Minus: in individual lessons, the technique is implemented worse than in group ones.

Montessori Method

An individual school preparation program that helps prepare a future first grader can be organized in accordance with the Montessori methodology. In it, much attention is paid to the development of sensations and fine motor skills of the baby. In the learning process, it is not necessary to use any special aids. Parents should create a complete developmental environment for the baby. The downside is the lack of role-playing and outdoor games in the methodology.

Nikitin's technique

To increase the level of knowledge with the help of homework, check out the Nikitin method. Its main principles are development, which must be creative, free. Classes are held, alternating: intellectual, creative, sports. The sports atmosphere plays a fundamental role in the formation of the baby, so all conditions for this should be created in your home. The technique is creative, with an emphasis on physical development, creativity, but there is a minus - not all children have a desire to learn.

Preparatory classes for school

You need to start working with your baby from an early age. Particular attention should be paid to psychological preparation. At first, the tasks are performed in a playful way, but then they become more complex, but interesting. Children receive basic knowledge, as a rule, in kindergartens. You can achieve great results both at home by inviting a private tutor, and by sending the child to special development centers or preparatory courses at schools.

School preparation courses

Having decided to choose preparatory courses for school, take the choice of a suitable institution thoroughly. Such courses are available both at the schools themselves and in educational centers, i.e. non-profit organizations. With the help of complex classes, the team, children can adapt to the school system, lessons. Often in such courses, preschoolers are taught in such a way that they can easily perform the necessary exercises and correctly answer certain questions. It is much more important that the baby is able to think creatively, independently reason and draw conclusions.

preschool tutor

A tutor for a preschooler is a great option to teach a child to read and write, to prepare him for future interviews at school. Moreover, some teachers additionally teach children English. Do not forget that a tutor for preparing a child for school must have a pedagogical education and appropriate qualifications. A big plus of tutoring is an individual approach that will help develop attention, reasoning skills, etc. The child will gain deeper knowledge. Cons: it is difficult to find a decent teacher, high cost.

How much does it cost to prepare a child for school

Preparatory courses will increase your child's readiness for admission, especially if you plan to send him to a gymnasium. This is recommended for those children who do not attend kindergarten. Classes in specialized institutions are aimed at mastering the basics of writing and literacy, teaching reading, developing speech and musical skills, etc. Some centers teach chess, foreign languages, etc. The cost of training in Moscow:

Free training

Kindergarten teachers must lay the foundations for numeracy, writing, and reading. Parents have a more important task - to teach kids to finish what they started, let it be some examples from mathematics, drawing or something else. To ensure that your child is age-appropriate in terms of development, try to communicate more with him, answering all questions. Pay attention to active games, physical development, teach independence and safety rules.

How to prepare your child for school

To develop memory, logical thinking and other skills at home, read or watch cartoons together, discussing what the child has learned. Be more interested in the opinion of the baby, while asking questions. Try to make homework fun for your preschooler. The advantage of preparing at home is to save money, and the necessary materials can always be found on the Internet. The downside can be quality, because not all parents have a pedagogical education. In addition, classes in the family circle do not always discipline the baby.

Where to start preparing

According to psychologists, the period of 3-4 years is considered the most suitable age to start training a future first-grader. Start teaching your child to read and count in a playful manner, for example, while walking, count the number of houses, cars, etc. with him. Do crafts together, paying attention to the artistic development of the future first grader: draw, create applications, sculpt, collect puzzles. Set up a comfortable desk at home. Pay attention to the motivation of your child, otherwise, learning will progress slowly.

Program

You should not prepare your baby for school in the abstract, try to find requirements, tests, tasks and specific examples of questions. For the development of fine motor skills, a child must string pasta or beads, cut something out of paper, draw with paints, create applications, embroider, knit, etc. To teach your baby everything you need, pay attention to the following lesson plan:

materials

To teach your child everything that is needed when entering school, use special visual materials. You can find them in large numbers on thematic web resources. For the development of logical thinking, attention, memory and imagination, there are many educational games that require multi-colored cardboard. For example, for learning to read and write, you need a picture book: select any letter, say it several times and invite your child to circle it with a pencil all over the page. More details can be found in the manuals.

Games to prepare for school preschoolers

Educational games will help future preschoolers to consolidate knowledge of the alphabet, learn how to compose words, write and read. In addition, such activities contribute to the development of attention and concentration. Moreover, a preschool child is often distracted and cannot concentrate on one type of activity for a long time. Games that will help in the development of the baby:

• Title: Book Detective.
• Purpose: to develop the speed of thinking, to teach to correlate letters with specific pictures.
• Material: book with illustrations.
• Description: give the task to the kid to find a picture in the book for a certain letter. If several children participate in the game, then introduce an element of competition, i.e. The winner is the one who finds the most pictures.

Here's another good option:

• Title: Illustrator.
• Purpose: to teach how to handle a book, develop logic, imagination.
• Material: several books.
• Description: Read a short story or verse to your child, then invite him to pick up drawings for him from other books. Then ask them to retell a brief plot of what they read, based on the selected pictures.

Developing classes

As a developmental exercise, you can use any labyrinths where some character needs help to get to the exit or get somewhere. There are many games that help improve concentration and increase its volume. Some exercises contribute to the development and arbitrariness of attention. A good version of the developing game:

• Title: "Flowers in a flower bed"
• Material: multi-colored cardboard.
• Description: cut out of cardboard three flowers in blue, orange, red and three flower beds of a rectangular, square, round shape. Let the child distribute the colors in the flower beds based on the story - red flowers did not grow in a square or round flower bed, orange ones did not grow in a rectangular or round one.

Another game that is great for developing a variety of skills in preschoolers:

• Title: How are they similar and how are they different?
• Goal: develop logical thinking.
• Description: offer the children two items each, which they should compare and point out their differences, similarities.

How to mentally prepare your child for school

The personal and social readiness of a preschooler lies in the fact that by the time of admission, he must be fully prepared both for communication and interaction with peers and adults. For psychological preparation to be really successful, give the child the opportunity to independently establish contacts with others on the playground.

The so-called "home children" are often afraid of large crowds, although not all adults feel comfortable in the crowd. At the same time, one should not forget that the future first-grader will have to be in a team, so try to get out to mass events from time to time. Motivate the baby - if he is used to constant praise at home, then evaluate not every step, but the finished result.

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Preparing for school: activities for children

Parents of future first graders will find answers to the following questions:

What does the concept of “child readiness for school” mean?

What should a child know and be able to enter the school.

How to prepare your child for school.

Do I need to teach my child to read before starting school?

With the help of the proposed test “Is the child ready to go to school”, parents will be able to determine the level of readiness for school of their child. The content of the questions that you answered in the negative will tell you the topics for further studies with the future student.

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How to prepare your child for school?

Previously, a child with a certain amount of knowledge was considered ready for school. Now psychologists and educators say that knowledge is not a goal, but a means of a child's development.

The main thing is not knowledge itself, but the ability to use it, independently obtain it, analyze it.

That's why The most important element in preparing a child for school is the formation of the ability to learn.Teach your child to consciously subordinate his actions to a general rule (for example, read a book while sitting, keeping a distance of 25-30 cm from the eyes to the book), listen carefully to the speaker and accurately complete this task, show independence, initiative, creativity in any kind of activity.

Expand and deepen your child's understanding of the world.If you do not dismiss the questions that arise in the child, do not fence him off from the surrounding adult life, preparation for school will go naturally and without tension.

Develop the oral speech of the future student.Read children's literature to your child as often as possible; talk with him about the works you read; more often ask your child to retell a fairy tale he just heard or tell about what he saw interesting during a walk.

Turn everyday requests into developmental tasks more often. For example, for a better orientation of a child in space, the following tasks are effective:

— Give me, please, a cup, which is to the right of the plate.

— Find the third book on the top shelf, counting from right to left.

— Say what is in the room behind the chest of drawers, between the chair and the sofa, behind the TV.

Develop fine motor skillsusing modeling, drawing, shading, designing from various parts

lei. The better the hand is developed, the easier it is for the child to learn to write, the faster his intellect develops.

Teach the future first grader to the school regime- Go to bed early and wake up early. Instill in him the habit of observing elementary sanitary and hygienic skills: use a public toilet; wash hands before eating, etc. Teach him to dress himself, fold his things neatly, and keep order.

Encourage your child to have a positive attitude towards school. Try to create a "romantic environment" around school life, where there will be new friends, a wise teacher and a whole range of new experiences and emotions.

Never bully your child with school:“Here you go to school, they will quickly bring you up!”

In order for the child to have the feeling that he is entering a new phase of life, radically change his life: rearrange the child’s room, come up with new household chores for him, etc.

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Should children be taught to read before starting school?

NECESSARY! The earlier a child begins to read, the more he likes to do it and the better he copes with reading.

Scientists give a number of reasons why a child should be taught to read, starting not even from preschool age, but from early childhood:

1. Children are hyperactive, inquisitive. If a child of 3-7 years old is given the opportunity to quench his thirst for knowledge, hyperactivity will decrease, which will protect him from injury and allow him to study the world around him more successfully.

2. Almost all children aged “two to five” have unique abilities, including the ability to absorb knowledge. Everyone knows the ease with which young children memorize new and sometimes even incomprehensible information.

3. Having learned to read at an early age, the child will be able to master much more information,than those of his peers who were deprived of such an opportunity. If he learned to read early, then in the 1st grade he will be able to do the material that is usually given to children aged 8-12.

4. Children who learn to read early have a much better ability to understand.By the time they enter school, they no longer read by syllables, not understanding the meaning of what they read, but expressively, in whole words.

5. The child who learned to read early loves to read.Many parents think that children who can already read will be bored in 1st grade. To say that the more children know, the more bored they will be, is the same as to say that children who know nothing will be interested in everything and forget about boredom. If the class is not interesting, then everyone will be bored. If it is interesting, then only those who are not able to understand anything will get bored.

And one more curious fact: when a child is taught to read at home, success is one hundred percent, regardless of the method used.

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Test "Is the child ready to go to school?"

School psychologists have developed special methods to determine the level of readiness of the child for school.

Try to answer ("yes" or "no") to the questions of this test. It will help you understand if your child is ready for school.

1. Is your child able to do something on his own that requires 25-30 minutes of concentration (like jigsaw puzzles)?

2. Does your child say that he wants to go to school because there he will learn a lot of new and interesting things, will find new friends?

3. Can your child independently compose a story from the picture, including at least 5 sentences?

4. Does your child know a few poems by heart?

5. Is it true that your child behaves at ease in the presence of strangers, is not shy?

6. Does your child know how to change a noun by numbers (for example: frame - frames, ear - ears, man - people, child - children)!

9. Can your child solve addition and subtraction problems within ten?

10. Can your child solve problems for finding the sum or difference (for example: “There are 3 apples and 2 pears in a vase. How many fruits are in the vase?”; “There were 10 sweets in the vase. 3 sweets were eaten. How much is left?”)?

11. Can your child repeat the sentence exactly (for example:"Bunny, jump on a stump!")?

12. Does your child like to color pictures, draw, sculpt from plasticine?

13. Does your child know how to use scissors and glue (for example, to make an application)?

14. Can your child generalize concepts (for example, name in one word (namely: furniture) table, sofa, chair, armchair)?

15. Can your child compare two objects, that is, name the similarities and differences between them (for example, a pen and a pencil, a tree and a bush)?

16. Does your child know the names of the seasons, months, days of the week, their sequence?

17. Can your child understand and follow verbal instructions accurately?

Evaluation of the result.

15 - 17 questions, you can assume thatyour child is quite ready for school.You did not study with him in vain, and school difficulties, if they arise, will be easily overcome.

If you answered yes to 10 - 14 questions, so your child has learned a lot.The content of the questions to which you answered in the negative will tell you the topics for further studies.

If you answered yes to9 (or less) questions,so you should, firstly,read special literature Secondly, try to devote more time to activities with the child, third, seek help from specialists.

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What should a child know and be able to enter school?

We offer an approximate list of knowledge and skills of the future first grader.

The child must know:

Your name, patronymic, surname;

Your age and date of birth;

Your home address and phone number;

The name of your city, its main attractions;

The name of the country in which he lives;

Surnames, names, patronymics of parents, their professions;

Names of the seasons and months (their sequence, the main signs of each season, riddles and poems about the seasons);

Names of domestic animals and their cubs;

Names of some wild animals and their cubs;

Names of wintering and migratory birds;

Names of vegetables, fruits and berries;

Names of means of transport: land, water, air.

The child must be able to:

Distinguish between clothing, shoes and hats;

Retell Russian folk tales;

Distinguish and correctly name planar geometric shapes: circle, square, rectangle, triangle, oval;

Freely navigate in space and on a sheet of paper (right-left side, top-bottom, etc.);

Completely and consistently retell the listened or read story, compose (invent) a story from the picture;

Remember and name 6-10 objects, words;

Distinguish between vowels and consonants;

Divide words into syllables with the help of claps, steps, by the number of vowels;

Determine the number and sequence of sounds in words like poppy, house, whale;

It is good to use scissors (cut out strips, squares, circles, rectangles from paper, cut along the contour of the figure);

Own a pencil: draw vertical and horizontal lines without a ruler; - draw geometric shapes; carefully paint over, hatch, without going beyond the contours of objects;

listen carefully, without being distracted (30-35 minutes);

Maintain a straight, good posture, especially when sitting.

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What does the concept of “child readiness for school” mean?

Child psychologists identify several criteria for a child's readiness for school.

Physical readiness.Studying at school is associated with great physical and psychological stress. Filling out a child's medical record before entering school, you can easily navigate this issue and get advice from specialist doctors. If your child has serious health problems and you are recommended special forms of education or a special school, do not neglect the advice of doctors.

Intellectual readiness.It includes the knowledge base of the child, the presence of special skills and abilities (the ability to compare, generalize, reproduce a given sample; the development of fine motor skills; concentration of attention, etc.). Intellectual readiness is not only the ability to read and write, but also the development of speech (the ability to answer a question, ask a question, retell the text), the ability to reason and think logically.

social readiness.This is the child's need to communicate with peers and the ability to subordinate their behavior to the laws of children's groups, as well as the ability to play the role of a student in a situation of schooling.

Psychological readiness.From this point of view, a child is ready for schooling, whom the school attracts not only with its external side (a wonderful satchel, beautiful student uniform), but also with the opportunity to acquire new knowledge and skills. A child ready for school wants to learn both because he wants to take a certain position in society, which opens access to the world of adults, and because he has a cognitive need that he cannot satisfy at home.

When a child is prepared for learning, he takes the initiative in learning and extracurricular activities, he will not have difficulties in the process of studying and communicating with classmates. This article will help to prepare a child for school at home, to determine the level of his knowledge and motivational readiness.

Parents of future first graders are concerned about the question, is their child ready for school? After all, it is very important not only to send the baby to the first grade, but to do it on time - when the child is mentally ready to attend an educational institution and is sufficiently developed for this.

An error in determining the readiness of a child can be costly: unwillingness to attend an educational institution, refusal to learn lessons, depression, uncontrollable behavior - all this will be demonstrated by a first grader who finds himself at school “at the wrong time”. In order to avoid trouble and prevent psychological trauma in a child, parents should be very careful about matching the level of his knowledge and skills to modern requirements.

Requirements for preparing a child for school: a list

By now, a whole list of what a future first grader should know and be able to do is formed:

• Confidently state your last name, first name and patronymic
• Date of your birth
• Home address
• Name of mother and father (grandparents and other relatives - optional)
• Place of work of parents
• Famous poets and writers in the country
• Holidays
• Distinguish between the concepts: "forward - backward", "right - left"
• Days of the week
• Colors and shades
• Seasons (with months)
• Traffic rules on the road
• Distinguish between domestic and wild animals, name their cubs
• Name garden, forest, wild flowers
• Name migratory and wintering birds
• Distinguish fruit from vegetables
• Know professions
• Name the types of transport and the way it travels
• Retell what you heard
• Anwser the questions
• Make up a story from a picture
• invent fairy tales
• recite poems by heart
• Describe from memory
• Copy text and picture
• Finish sentences
• Find an extra object, picture, word, letter
• solve riddles
• Count from 0 to 10 and back
• Know the composition of numbers
• Distinguish between "more" and "less"
• Know the shapes
• write in cells
• Know letters, distinguish them from sounds
• Identify the first and last letter (sound) in a word
• Choose words starting with the given letter
• Read simple words and syllables
• Know when a sentence ends
• Outline
• hold a pen

Despite the fact that a child should learn many of the listed skills in elementary school, testing before entering the first grade is carried out precisely on these points.

Cognitive interest, quick reaction, non-standard and logical thinking will be formed by a preschooler if you regularly conduct mathematical classes with him in a playful way.

In order for these lessons to bring benefit and joy to the child, parents should take into account:

• child's age
• level of training
• ability to concentrate
• interest in classes

Math classes These are not monotonous examples and tasks. To interest the child and diversify the lessons of mathematics, the following types of tasks should be used in working with preschoolers:

• tasks with geometric shapes
• mathematical riddles
• tasks are jokes
• puzzles

IMPORTANT: Any task should be selected individually, taking into account its degree of complexity and the level of development of the child.

Math Games

"Houses". Draw 3 three-story houses, each on a separate sheet. Draw 3 windows on each floor. Randomly draw curtains on some windows. Tell your child that people already live in apartments where there are curtains. Ask him to move people to the remaining floors so that there are equal numbers of tenants on each floor. Let him finish the colorful curtains in the windows of those apartments where he settled people. Then ask them to count which house has more tenants.

"Drawings from geometric shapes". Draw any geometric shape on the sheet. Ask the child to come up with a drawing using the proposed figure in it. If the kid did not understand the task, show, for example, how easily a circle can turn into a sun, a snowman or a car wheel.

Connect the numbers. Ask your child to connect the numbers with lines. Explain that if he does this correctly, he will see the drawing. For younger children, use pictures up to 10; for older children, use more complex pictures up to 30 or 50.

IMPORTANT: Group activities increase the child's interest in what is happening. The sense of competition, strongly developed in preschool age in most children, will not allow the child to be distracted.

Match the numbers game

Entertaining math questions and puzzles:

• How many legs do three cats have and how many legs do two birds have?
• How many ears are in two mice?
• Natasha's mother has a daughter, Masha, a cat, Fluff, and a dog, Druzhok. How many daughters does the mother have?
• What is heavier: 1 kg of stones or 1 kg of down?

The bunny has five bunnies

They sit on the grass with their mother.

Another hare has three

They are all white, look!

What is three and five?

Pears fell to the ground from the branches

Pears cried, tears dropped

Katya collected them in a basket

I gave everything to my friends in the kindergarten:

Two Pavlushka, three Seryozhka,

Marinka and Arinka,

Masha, Nadia and Oksana

And one, of course, for my mother.

Count it fast

How many Katya's friends?

Five geese flew in the sky

The two decide to have lunch

And one is to take a break.

How many have gone on the road?

Brought mother hen

Seven chickens in the garden for a walk.

All chickens are like flowers.

Five sons, how many daughters?

Four blue plums

They hung on a tree.

Children ate two plums

And how many didn't make it?

IMPORTANT: Encourage the child's interest in such tasks, praise if he tries to come up with similar tasks on his own.

Preparing for school: developing reading tasks for children

Reading is one of the most important disciplines. The better a child learns to read, the easier it will be for him to study at school. The purpose of training- to explain to the child the principles and rules of reading, to achieve from the preschooler a confident reading of letters, syllables and short words.

IMPORTANT: Due to the fact that information is perceived by young children in a slightly different way than adults, it is necessary to teach reading only in a playful way.

Child Reading Plan simple enough:

• Memorize the letters with your child in this order: all vowels, hard voiced consonants, deaf and hissing consonants.
• Achieve fast and error-free identification of letters.
• Teach your child to read sounds, that is, to pronounce the letters already familiar to him together. Start with easy-to-read and pronounce syllables (na, ma, la, yes) and gradually move on to more complex ones (zhu, ku, gu, pho).
• Move on to reading short and simple syllable words (ma-ma, ba-ba, o-la, cat, house).
• Every day, complicate the task a little, enter a few difficult words.
• When the child learns to read words, move on to reading short sentences.
• After the child learns to read in sentences, you can use various developmental tasks in teaching.

IMPORTANT: During classes, make sure the pronunciation of sounds is clear, explain where in the sentence you need to pause between words.

Game "Find the word". Invite the child to look for a certain word in a small unfamiliar text. Moreover, this must be done in a certain time (for example, in one minute).

"Loud, quiet, to yourself". Ask your child to read quieter, louder, or silently. According to your instructions, he should switch from one type of reading to another as quickly as possible. Make sure that the pace of reading does not change.

"Syllables on cards". Write the syllables on the cards so that you can make words out of them. Ask your child to help the lost syllables find their friends and form words. Play the game daily, gradually adding new syllables.

"Vowels consonants". Have the child name or write as many consonants as possible in 30 seconds, and then vowels.

"Answers on questions". Prepare a few simple questions about the text. Invite the child to find answers to these questions while reading the text.

"Reading with interference". Teach your child to read regardless of the environment. Turn on music or TV briefly while reading. Make sure that the child continues to read without paying attention to the change in the sound background.

Letter size. Reading texts with different fonts should not be a problem for a child. To do this, daily invite him to print and read letters of different sizes on his own.

"Words are twists". Show your child words that change their meaning when read the other way around: “cat - current”, “cart - call”, etc. Explain that you should always read from left to right.

"Reading Through Teeth". Complicate the usual daily reading with an unusual fun task: the child must read without opening his teeth. After reading the text, you need to retell it.

"Missed a Letter". Write 5 - 10 words he knows, in each of which skip one letter. Ask the future first grader to fill in the missing letters in the words.

"Similar Words" Write several pairs of words similar in spelling, but different in meaning: “cat - whale”, “hand - river”, “house - smoke”. Have your child read the pairs and explain the meaning of each word.

"Reading in a Minute". Invite your child to read the same text “at speed” every day. Pay attention that every day he reads faster and more clearly, and in the allotted minute he moves further and further. For clarity, it is better to use an hourglass.

Sometimes children have difficulty completing developmental reading tasks. This happens for the following reasons:

• Uncertainty. To make sure that the syllable or word is read correctly, the child rereads it several times in a row.
• Scattered attention. Preschoolers quickly lose interest in what they consider to be boring activities.
• Lack of concentration. The child cannot perceive the whole word, but concentrates attention only on the first few letters or syllables.
• Small vocabulary. Unfamiliar words the child pronounces uncertainly when reading.
• Bad memory. The child does not remember letters, sounds, forgets the principle of formation of syllables and words.
• Violations of the speech apparatus, chronic diseases of the ENT organs (otitis media, enlarged tonsils).

Video: How to teach a child to read?

Preparing for school, developing tasks for children in writing

The greatest difficulties for all first-graders without exception arise when performing graphic tasks. This happens for three reasons:

• lack of interest in the child
• hand muscle immaturity
• inexperience

To facilitate the process of mastering writing at school, parents should begin to engage with the child from an early age. Game developing tasks will help to interest a preschooler.

"Labyrinth". Invite your child to find a way out of the maze for a mouse running away from a cat, or for a hare that has lagged behind its mother. With a pen or pencil, you need to show the animal the right path.

"Draw a picture." Draw a bouquet of flowers and invite the child to draw a vase for the bouquet, let him put fish in an empty aquarium, and draw a door in the house. The more similar tasks the child completes, the more confidently he will hold a pencil in his hands.

"Drawing by dots". Ask the child to connect the dots together in such a way that a drawing is obtained. If your child has difficulty completing this task, tell him.

"Hatching". Ask your child to do any exercises where you need to shade the drawing. These tasks are required for practicing graphic movements. During execution, make sure that the lines are directed from top to bottom, from left to right.

IMPORTANT: The development of fine motor skills in children is facilitated by modeling, games with mosaics, constructor, beads, finger gymnastics.

When the child learns to confidently hold a pencil in his hands, invite him to trace along the dotted line. You can immediately circle funny children's pictures, then letters or their elements.

Preparing for school: developing tasks for the speech development of children

You can easily and naturally develop speech in a child with the help of fun tasks and exciting games.

"Impromptu". Prepare 5 - 7 cards with situations or actions familiar to the child depicted on them. Lay the cards face down in front of the child. Invite him to choose any card and ask him to come up with a story based on it. To make the child interested, you can involve other family members in the task and arrange a competition for the best story.

"Associations". Show the child a picture that shows some action familiar to him (birds fly south, a woman buys bread, children go to kindergarten, etc.). Ask the child to name the words that he associates with the image in the picture.

Adjective game. Ask the child to form adjectives from the provided words by answering the questions: “what”, “what”, “what”?

• Light (light, light, light)
• home (home, home, home)
• Wood (wood, wood, wood)
• Iron (iron, iron, iron)
• Snow (snowy, snowy, snowy)
• Sand (sandy, sandy, sandy)

Synonyms and antonyms. Ask the child to choose words similar and opposite in meaning to randomly taken adjectives.

Regular speech therapy exercises will help to achieve purity of pronunciation of sounds:

"Angry cat". The child's mouth is open, the tongue rests on the lower teeth, while arching the way a cat arches its back when angry.

"Pencil". Place the pencil in front of the child, at the level of his lips, on any hard flat surface. Ask the child to place the edge of the tongue on the lower lip and in this position blow hard on the pencil. The exercise is considered completed if the pencil rolls.

"Nut". The child rests the tongue on the right cheek, then on the left. At the same time, the mouth is closed, the muscles of the cheeks and tongue are tense.

"Snake". The mouth is open. The child puts forward and hides the tongue so that it does not touch either the lips or the teeth.

"Watch". The lips of the child are parted, smiling. The tip of the tongue touches either the right or the left corners of the lips.

"Toothbrush". Use the tip of your tongue to imitate the actions of a toothbrush. Thus, it is necessary to “clean” the lower and upper teeth, inside and out. It is important that the lower jaw remains motionless.

"Fence". The child shows a “fence” of teeth for 10-15 seconds, smiling as wide as possible for this.

IMPORTANT: If you cannot correct the pronunciation of some sounds on your own, parents should contact a speech therapist.

Home preparation of children for school: educational games

Home preparation for school involves systematic activities of parents with the child. It is important to give a preschooler at least a few hours a day, turning everyday activities and ordinary walks together into exciting games. Parents should show imagination, find an individual approach to their child, act according to his interests.

Here are just a few options for joint educational games with a preschooler:

"Give me a number." During the walk, ask the child to call the numbers of houses and passing vehicles indicated on the plates.

"How many trees?" Together, count all the trees that come across your path while walking. You can also count cars passing by, all or a certain color (size, brand).

"Who switched places?" Place 8 - 10 soft toys in front of the child, ask him to look at them carefully, and then turn away. Swap a few toys during this time. When the child turns around, let him try to guess who has changed places.

"Favorite cartoon" Watch your favorite cartoon with your child. Ask questions about its content, ask the child to tell what it is about.

"A Tale for Grandma". Read the story to your child. Ask to tell your grandmother (dad, aunt, sister) what this fairy tale is about, describe the characters, their appearance and character.

Regular modeling, drawing, playing puzzles and mosaics will captivate the child and, at the same time, contribute to the development of fine motor skills of the fingers.

IMPORTANT: Do not rush the child, do not get angry if something does not work out for him right away. Educational games should not only educate the child, but also become entertainment for him.

Home preparation of children for school: developmental exercises

Developing exercises with preschoolers can be performed not only in a notebook, sitting at a desk, but also on the street. Outdoor lessons will please and be remembered for a long time by every child.

"Seasons".

• Take a walk with your child autumn alley. Show the future student the colorful leaves of different trees. Tell us about the seasons and the changes in nature that occur with the onset of autumn, winter, spring and summer. Let the child choose some beautiful leaves and keep them at home, between the pages of a thick book. When the leaves are dry, have your child trace them on a piece of paper and color them in.
• AT snowy winter days go out together to feed the sparrows and titmouse. Tell your child about wintering and migratory birds. At home, ask to draw those birds that you liked the most.
• spring Show your child the first blooming flowers. Tell that flowers are field, forest, garden. Ask to perform a sound analysis of the words: “rose”, “snowdrop”, “buttercup”, “forget-me-not”.
• During summer walks Draw your child's attention to rising temperatures outside. Explain what summer and winter clothes are. Let the child name the clothes to wear in summer, autumn, winter and spring. At home, ask your child to draw summer.

"Application of cereals and pasta". Invite your child to make an application using rice, buckwheat, pasta, semolina, peas and other cereals. Such exercises are good for developing fine motor skills. In the work, use PVA glue.

"Snowflakes". Teach your child how to cut snowflakes. On a piece of paper folded 4 and 8 times, ask him to cut out different geometric shapes. Expand the snowflakes and evaluate the result.

Fruits and vegetables from plasticine. Show your child how to easily mold fruits and vegetables from multi-colored plasticine. Immediately the child must roll the ball, and already turn it into the desired fruit or vegetable. The easiest way to make a bunch of grapes, beets or carrots is a little more difficult.

Developing lesson "Seasons"

Psychological and emotional preparation of children for school: tasks, games, exercises

The onset of school life implies that the preschool period is over. Children have to quickly adapt to new conditions, get used to the workload, get to know teachers and classmates.

To make the adaptation period as easy as possible, parents and teachers try to prepare the child for the upcoming changes in life. The most successful group games and exercises.

"One Color". Two groups of children need to find the largest number of objects of the same color in 10 seconds. The group that finds the most items wins.

"Magic Circle". Children are offered to trace a circle according to the pattern and draw any geometric shapes in such a way that a drawing is obtained. When everyone copes with the task, the teacher organizes a drawing competition.

"Repeats". In a group of children from 5 to 7 people, a leader is chosen. The leader comes forward and shows the children any position. Children try to copy this pose. The new leader becomes the one who managed to cope with the task better than the others.

"Well no". Instead of answering "yes" or "no" to the questions proposed by the teacher, a group of children clap or stomp. You need to agree in advance with the guys that “yes” means clapping, and “no” means stamping your feet. Questions can be chosen arbitrarily, for example:

• "Flowers grow in the field?" and "Flowers fly in the sky?"
• "Hedgehog carries an apple?" and “Does a hedgehog climb trees?”

"Meow, woof." Children sit on chairs. The leader, with his eyes closed, walks next to the children, then sits on the hands of one of the sitting children and tries to guess who it is. If the presenter guessed correctly, the child says "meow", if he made a mistake - "woof".

IMPORTANT: Such activities and games help to form communication skills in preschoolers, develop confidence in their own abilities and capabilities, adequate self-esteem, and independence.

You can independently determine whether a child is ready to enter school with the help of a few simple tests, the results of which can be trusted.

Test "Draw a school"

Give your child a sketchbook and colored pencils. Ask a future first grader to draw his school. Do not prompt the child, do not help, do not ask leading questions, do not rush. Let him independently draw on paper the school that seems to him.

• plot
• drawing lines
• color spectrum

Plot:

2 points- the school is located in the center of the sheet, the picture also contains decorations and decor, trees, bushes, flowers around the school, students and (or) teachers going to school. At the same time, it is important that the figure depicts the warm season and daylight hours.

0 points- the drawing is asymmetrical (the school building is located close to one of the edges of the sheet), there are no people in the drawing or sad children leaving the school are depicted; outdoors autumn or winter, night or evening.

1 point

Drawing lines:

2 points– lines of objects without breaks, carefully drawn, even and confident, have different thicknesses.

0 points- the lines are fuzzy, weak or careless, the drawing is sketchy; double or broken lines are used.

1 point- the figure contains elements of both characteristics.

Color spectrum:

2 points- the predominance of bright and light colors.

0 points- drawing in gloomy colors.

1 point There are both dark and light colors in the picture.

The sum of the points indicates the readiness of the child for school:

5 to 6- the child is ready for school, he has a favorable attitude towards the learning process, will interact with teachers and classmates.

0 to 1- the child is not ready for school, a strong fear will prevent him from studying normally, communicating with classmates and the teacher.

It will help to determine whether the child is focused on attending school, the educational process, whether he imagines himself a schoolboy in the near future. Nezhenova test.

IMPORTANT: This test should only be administered to children who are already attending preparatory courses at school or who are familiar with the learning process.

For each of the questions presented, there are three possible answers: A, B, C.

BUT- orientation to study, estimated at 2 points

B- orientation to learning is superficial, not completely formed, attracted by the external bright attributes of school life - 1 point

AT- there is no orientation to school and learning, the child prefers extracurricular activities - 0 points

Ask your child the following questions, asking them to choose an answer from three options:

Do you want to go to school?

Ah yes, very

B - I'm not sure, I don't know, I doubt

B - no, I don't want to

Why do you want to go to school, what are you interested in there?

B - I want them to buy me a beautiful briefcase, notebooks and a uniform, I want new textbooks

B - school is fun, there are changes, I will have new friends, I'm tired of kindergarten

How are you getting ready for school?

A - I learn letters, read, write prescriptions, solve examples and problems

B - parents bought a uniform, briefcase or other school attributes

B - I draw, play, sculpt from plasticine

What do you like about school?

A - lessons, classes in the classroom

B - changes, teacher, new desks, type of school and other things that are not directly related to the process of learning and gaining knowledge

B - a lesson in physical education and (or) drawing

If you didn't go to school or kindergarten, what would you do at home?

A - read, wrote letters and numbers, solved problems

B - played constructor and drew

B - took care of a cat (or other pet), walked, helped mom

0 – 4 - the child does not realize that he will go to school, does not show interest in the upcoming education

5 – 8 - there is a superficial interest in the learning process, is the initial stage in the formation of the student's position

9 – 10 - the attitude towards school is positive, the child feels like a schoolboy.

Diagnostics of the general preparation of children for school: tests

Diagnostics of the general preparation of children for school is carried out by a psychologist using special tests. Here is some of them:

Test "Yes - No". The psychologist asks the child to answer questions in any way, the main thing is that he does not use the words “Yes” and “No”. The child tries to find the right words, is focused on not breaking the rules, so his answers will be as truthful as possible.

1. Do you want to go to school?
2. Do you love fairy tales?
3. Do you love cartoons?
4. Do you want to stay in the kindergarten?
5. Do you like to play?
6. Do you want to study?
7. Do you love to get sick?
8. You have friends?
9. Do you know what time of year it is?

When evaluating the results, the teacher determines whether the answer satisfies the rules of the task. Answers: “yes” or “no” are not a mistake. One mistake = 1 b. All answers are correct - 0 b.

0 – 2 - attention is well developed

3 -5 - moderately or poorly developed

5 – 10 - poor attention

Definition of motivational readiness. The psychologist asks a series of questions, gives the child time to think and reason, helps, in case of difficulties:

1. State your name and age
2. Name, patronymic and surname of mom and dad
3. Where do you live?
4. Name your family members
5. What are you interested in in your city?
6. What to do if you see a person who has fallen?
7. When do buds and leaves appear on trees?
8. Why is an army needed?
9. How and where do you cross the road? This is right?
10. How do you know if it has rained recently?
11. Why do you need ears and a nose?
12. Do you want to go to school? What will you do there?
13. How many days in a week?
14. How many seasons? Months? name them
15. Your favorite and least favorite professions
16. What do you like to watch on TV?
17. What country do you live in? What other countries do you know?
18. If you broke your knee and bled, what should you do?
19. What utensils do you have in the kitchen?
20. What products do you know?
21. Which animals are domestic and which are wild? What is the difference?
22. What is a day? Night?
23. If you borrowed a toy from a friend and lost it, what would you do?
24. Count from 1 to 10 and back, name the number that comes before 5 and after 8
25. What is greater than 2 or 3?
26. What's cool about school?
27. How do you behave when visiting?
28. Why are children not allowed to play with matches and fire?
29. What does it mean: “Do you like to ride, love to carry sleds”?
30. How are people different from animals?
31. What do they pay money for in the store, on the bus, at the cinema?
32. Who is Gagarin?
33. What will you do if you see the house burning?

When evaluating the results, the child's ability to reason, conduct a conversation is assessed.

"Snake". Test to determine the level of development of fine motor skills. In 30 seconds, the child must draw dots in circles. The more he manages to leave points, the better. One point = 1 point. When calculating points, only those points that fall into the circle are taken into account. Points on the boundary are not counted.

34 or more- excellent development

18 – 33 - above average

12 – 17 - insufficient development

11 and under- low level, unsatisfactory result.

If the psychologist after the tests comes to the conclusion that the child needs to stay in the kindergarten for another year, parents should listen to the opinion of a specialist. Perhaps this year will change a lot in the life of the child, during this time he is aware of his role in school, will show interest in gaining knowledge.

Video: Preparing for school, preparing children for school, preparing a child for school

Reading 6 min. Views 327 Published on 06/19/2019

The adaptation of the child to new social conditions and his ability to perceive material in the classroom depends on how the preparation for school goes. Is it necessary to give the baby to special preparatory classes, or is it possible to develop children's potential at home - let's figure it out.

What indicates willingness to learn

Child psychologists determine the readiness of the child for the school period, based on 4 criteria:

1. Personal. When a baby is drawn to a team of children, not only because of the opportunity to communicate with them, but also because of the desire to grow wiser, to learn something that he does not know yet.
2. Intellectual. It is characterized by competent speech, complete thoughts, the presence of minimal knowledge, the ability to listen carefully to adults.
3. Socio-psychological. It implies the ability to communicate with peers, the ability to concentrate one's attention.
4. Physiological. When the child is healthy and psychologically stable.

According to psychologists, you can start as early as 3.5 years. After all, it is during this age period that spatial and logical thinking actively develops, memorization processes improve.

Children attending kindergarten perceive and complete tasks for preschoolers faster. It is easier for them to survive the first training months and adapt to a new team.

This is due to the fact that in the middle group, educators begin to acquaint the kids with the basic information that will be needed in the first grade.

The child should have developed a strong-willed sphere and motivation to gain knowledge. The kid should independently strive to go to school, wish to grow wiser and build relationships in a new team.

Rules for conducting classes at home

To prepare your child for school on your own, make a lesson plan. You can purchase a real diary, which will contain a real lesson schedule.

Fill out this diary for yourself, and also rate the little one. They can be in the form of emoticons of various colors - the baby will really like it, and will stimulate him to work harder.

Large topics should be broken down into separate sessions, the duration of which should not exceed 15 minutes at a time. Try not to have more than 2 classes per day for 4-5 year olds.

Also take breaks in the educational process, during which you can do gymnastics for the eyes or do some physical exercises.

To teach the crumbs to order, ask him to fold books, pens, notebooks after the lesson.

Preparation for school includes not only learning to count, read and write. It is important to teach the baby to follow the daily routine, to be assiduous, polite, attentive, friendly.

The success of his socialization depends on how positive and self-confident the child will be. In the early days it will not be easy, but gradually the child will get used to and love your joint activities.

What needs to be taught

It is important to know not only how to prepare, but also what to acquaint a young preschooler with.

Each future first-grader should know his full name and the names of his parents, address, seasons, colors, common animals, be able to distinguish between animate and inanimate.

The most important preparatory material should include the following lessons:

• reading;
• basics of mathematics and geometry;
• calligraphy;
• creation;
• foreign language.

Let's take a look at each section in more detail.

Reading

Acquiring this skill is fundamental. It is on this skill that the success of the process of obtaining new knowledge depends. Initially, the baby must get acquainted with the alphabet, for this, purchase a large colorful alphabet (magnetic and sound alphabets are sold). This will make the learning process more interesting and faster.

Go from simple to complex. Teach your child to put familiar letters into syllables and into words. Find children's songs and poems about letters on the Internet. They will help the baby quickly memorize the entire alphabet.

The baby should pronounce the sound form of consonants (not “em”, but “m”). So it will be easier for him to combine letters, and make words out of them.

Assignments for preschoolers should take place in a playful way. To do this, buy additional didactic material for lessons: puzzles, cubes, cards with letters. You can make cards yourself, on which the combination of letters into syllables will be clearly illustrated.

Fundamentals of mathematics and geometry

To do this, you need to familiarize the child with the concepts of "greater than", "less than" and "equal to". For classes, use special sticks. Let the child lay them out next to the objects: if there are 2 cars, then there should be 2 sticks.

Introducing the basics of geometry, start with an explanation of the concepts of "close" and "far". And then inform the child about the presence of various geometric shapes: a triangle, a square, an oval, a rectangle. Let the kid learn to distinguish between them.

Try to study in a playful way: after all, new information is not easy to perceive. Get cubes with the image of numbers, they will help you learn how to count. Ask the child to count cars passing by or children passing by.

Calligraphy

Before the age of 6, children are not yet confident in holding a pen, so do not expect perfect results from them. Handwriting training should begin with prescribing various squiggles, hooks. The letters themselves (printed) begin to write when the child reaches 5 years old.

If you do not like the baby's handwriting, do not correct it and "pressure" on the child. Perhaps the crumbs have poorly developed fine motor skills of the hands - you still have time for developmental tasks.

Engage in modeling, folding puzzles, assemble a designer - this will help improve motor skills.

Immediately teach the baby to hold the pen correctly. At school, it will be difficult to wean him from the developed habit of writing.

When writing, always follow the child's posture. The back should be straight, the chest should be at the level of the table, and the elbows should lie on the table.

If you work out in the evening, use a table lamp. The notebook should also be positioned in a special way: slightly at an angle, and the left corner at the bottom should point to the central part of the chest.

Creation

Tasks for preschoolers in this area should be related to what the baby likes: it can be drawing, modeling, appliqué. If you chose drawing, then it is recommended to consolidate the material covered through this lesson. You can color numbers, letters, draw circles, squares.

Sculpt animals and say out loud their name and color. Pay attention to where animals live and what they eat. If you are making an application, indicate what shape the object is used, and what it is associated with the baby.

Foreign language

Since children of 4-5 years old actively develop memory and thinking, it is necessary to constantly and systematically replenish their vocabulary. It is clear that knowledge of a foreign alphabet is useless for a child of this age.

Start teaching him simple vocabulary: the names of family members, flowers, fruits and vegetables in another language.

Learn to answer simple questions (What is your name? How old are you?). Learning short foreign rhymes and songs is especially effective.

This basic knowledge will help the child to better absorb the educational material, because he will know what is at stake.

Conclusion

If you do not have the time and desire to work with your child every day, then it is better to sign him up for preparatory classes. If you want to prepare your baby for school on your own, then this is quite possible.

The main thing is to conduct lessons in accordance with the schedule you have created, and not be lazy. Also, before introducing a new topic, do not forget to review previously studied material. And there is no need to worry if the child learns the material poorly - you are only preparing him to receive basic information, and not preparing him for the exam.

If you decide to raise your baby before school on your own, without using the services of a nanny and a governess, then my advice from a teacher, educator and parent all rolled into one will be useful to you. These are tips on how to prepare your child for school at home.

When and where to start?

So, the first question is: when is the best time to start teaching and preparing for school? The most favorable age for this is 3.5-4 years. The process of preparation should be continuous and give the child pleasure. Punishments and reproaches are unacceptable!

It is possible to effectively prepare a child for school at home only by bringing these very conditions as close as possible to school ones. Therefore, first make a plan and schedule of classes, and so that your “lessons” are systemic, plan topics, 1 for each lesson. There should be no more than 2-3 "lessons" of 15 minutes per day in the first year of study with breaks between them of at least 20, but not more than 30 minutes. Classes should be held compactly and immediately after breakfast, as provided by the school.

From this moment on, the child should have a place for classes: a table where his books for reading, notebooks, an album, pencils and paints for drawing, pens and rulers will lie. This place should always be kept in order by the child himself, like a "real" workplace.

Now it's time to talk about the subjects and areas of knowledge that you will need to help your future first grader master. So, how to prepare a child for school at home and not miss anything important in this process?

Reading lessons

Plan reading for the first lesson - the faster the child learns the letters and learns to read, the faster and more successfully the learning process will go.

1. You should study the letters in alphabetical order, and start the first lessons by reading short fairy tales, excerpts from fairy tales and stories.
2. Invite the child to find all the letters in the text that you are studying in the lesson or have already studied.
3. Read a short text and ask the child to tell what you have read.
4. Ask him 2-3 questions on the text that require short answers.

Exactly 15 minutes later, the lesson should end and the child should be able to play an outdoor game. The first break between classes should be no more than 20 minutes.

Math and writing lessons

The second one can be a "lesson" of mathematics or spelling, or a foreign language. It is also better to start spelling letters in alphabetical order and study exactly the letter that you learned in the reading lesson. Thus, the assimilation of the material will be more successful. Starting with the second and subsequent letters of the alphabet, you can practice reading syllables and even small words. The same goes for spelling. This method is not quite traditional, but I can assure you, it is no less effective. Already at the age of 5, your child will read normally and write no worse than a first grader.

Do not try to immediately teach your child to write in capital letters, teach him how to type first to make reading easier. But from the beginning of the next year of study, go to capital letters. At the same time, make sure that the baby "sees" the rulers in the notebook for writing and the cells in the notebooks for mathematics, so that he accurately completes your assignments.

Learn to count you need to start with small toys, counting sticks and even sweets. I recommend to operate in the first year of study only with whole numbers. And the tasks are presented only on visual material - toys. Numbers can be studied in pairs: 1 and 2, 3 and 4, and so on. The child must write and memorize each pair in the lesson. The next day, set aside 5 minutes for repetition, and then study the next number.

geometric shapes it is better to start studying with cookies of various shapes, gradually moving on to drawing them in a notebook using a triangle and a ruler. I recommend that you first study the numbers from 1 to 10, and then alternate mathematics with geometry for a week.

creative development

At the lessons of drawing, modeling and appliqué reinforce the study of geometric shapes, inviting the child to first determine that the apple and the sun will look like a circle, the house will look like a square, and the roof will look like a triangle. Teach your child to use paints so that they do not merge into one brown mass, and learn to shade the drawing in one direction.

Foreign language

Start learning a foreign language with colorful illustrations and choose only the language that you yourself have studied. This will be useful for you and will help your baby in the future. All 15 minutes of this lesson communicate with him only in a foreign language and accompany all your words or concepts under study with actions. This form of learning a foreign language is most effective at preschool and school age. At the end of such a lesson, you can consolidate the material by demonstrating a cartoon or its excerpt for 3-4 minutes.

Physical and psychological preparation

The learning process should not only mentally, but also physically and psychologically prepare the baby for school life, and therefore classes should be held 5 days a week in a row, and then given 2 days of rest.

I propose to schedule the classes as follows:

• on Monday- reading, spelling;
• on Tuesday- drawing, mathematics;
• Wednesday will be busier - spelling, math, modeling;
• on Thursday the day is also tense - reading, a foreign language, application;
• Friday should, as in school, be more free - reading, a foreign language.

From the age of 5, mathematics and foreign language classes should increase to 20 minutes, and spelling, reading and drawing to 25 minutes. At the same time, breaks should be reduced to 20 minutes between classes.

These are the basic tips on how to prepare your child for school at home. Try this method of preparing children for school at home and your child is guaranteed success! I say this with knowledge of the matter, because my children, studying according to my method, not only received the highest score in the entrance exams to the first class of a prestigious gymnasium, but also successfully graduated from it, having no problems with mastering the material and without experiencing psychological stress in the restructuring of the body to their school years.

How to prepare a child for school and not discourage learning - video