How to prepare your child for school on your own - the rules and basics of home preparation. Preparing for school: activities for children Preparing for school at home

With the approach of the day of knowledge, parents often ask themselves the question: how to prepare a child for school so that their beloved child can easily and quickly adapt to school life, easily master the workload and keep up with their peers? It is necessary to prepare a child for school in advance, that is, not a month, a week or a few days before the start of the educational process. If the parents came to their senses in enthusiasm and haste only in August, you should not expect distinctive results from the baby. Competent advice and recommendations from practical psychologists will be relevant for parents of future first-graders and will help prepare the baby for the new school year.

So how do you prepare your child for school at home?

August preparation. August is quite late. What can a baby learn in a month? During this period, he will only have time to realize the importance of the process itself, which is necessary for acquiring further life experience. If the parents did not have conversations with the child regarding the school, stress and long-term adaptation to new living conditions cannot be avoided. To instill reading skills, to teach a child to count, is also unlikely to succeed. This is not a one-day process that requires strong-willed efforts, awareness and purposefulness.

Summer period.

If the child went to kindergarten or attended an early development center, you listened to the recommendations of the educators and diligently followed them, in this case, it is quite realistic to prepare the baby for school via Skype in three months. To achieve positive results, it is necessary to properly distribute the load, deal with the child every day, draw up a daily routine, allocate time for learning, rest, active, developing and outdoor games. Start conversations about school so that when he enters first grade, he has an idea of \u200b\u200bthe education system. Motivate for success, tell about what awaits him soon.

Throughout the year. For a year, a child can be quite successfully pulled up and set up for further productive studies. In addition, during this period, both parents at home and educators in the kindergarten can prepare the baby for school.

Preparation for school from the age of 4. Pediatricians and child psychologists recommend preparing a child for school from an early age. By this age, the baby has already formed self-consciousness, the vocabulary is intensively replenished, the grammatical structure of speech is built, detailed generalizations appear - stories, monologues. Preschool age is the most favorable period for the development of memory and thinking. Emotional life by the age of four becomes constant and balanced. Unlike early childhood, the life of a preschooler is very diverse. The kid is included in the systems of the social environment, he has new activities, and with them new motives - competition, rivalry, success, motives associated with the assimilation and consolidation of moral norms. Preschoolers have a clear idea of success and failure. By this time, the preschooler had managed to form as a person. In a playful way, he can already read, draw, write. The age of why begins, the baby shows interest in everything and strives for knowledge of the outside world. Do not suppress this initiative, let the child absorb all the useful and meaningful information. It is very important not to miss this moment and use it to instill value orientations and socially significant skills.

When asking specialists when it is better to prepare a child for school, psychologists will unequivocally say that cognitive classes should be started from the age of 4. In this case, going to first class will not cause unnecessary trouble and will not negatively affect children's self-esteem. Of course, the above applies to children who do not have significant deviations and mental retardation.

Where to start preparing for school?

Reading.

The faster the child gets acquainted with the letters, learns to read by syllables and recognize sounds, the more successful the process will be.
From an early age, read fairy tales, stories to your baby
Discuss the read text, ask questions, let the child learn to retell
Make it a rule to learn one letter every day. There are many visual aids, the alphabet on magnets, in pictures, books that will make learning fun and productive.
Let the child pronounce the learned letter aloud and find it in the text.
The game of association will contribute to quick memorization. Let the baby build an associative array, draw analogies with what this or that letter is associated with.

Spelling

Spelling is closely related to reading. Here you can consolidate knowledge and perform exercises with the letters that you have learned.

Let the kid learn to write in block letters
For learning to write, use notebooks with an oblique ruler.
Give the child an example, write letters on the initial line so that he can do the exercise on his own according to your model. If the baby does not succeed, do not blame or scold for the mistake, point out the shortcomings in a friendly manner and do the exercise again. When writing letters, pay attention to the baby's accuracy and attentiveness.

Mathematics classes

For admission to the primary link, math lessons via Skype are essential.

To teach a child to count, it is advisable to purchase visual didactic materials. These can be pyramids with a numerical row and accounts, wooden toys depicting animals and numbers, sticks for counting.
Count toys, sweets, fruits, toes, hands.
Each new lesson, learn a couple of numbers. It is very important that the child memorize them and learn to write.
Geometric shapes, the concept of shape and size can be learned with the help of wooden insert frames, or with the help of cookie figures.

Do not limit the child in creativity, modeling, drawing, designing - they perfectly develop fine motor skills, prepare the hand for writing and contribute to the development of higher cognitive processes.

Also, parents of future first-graders are concerned about the psychological health of the baby. How to psychologically prepare him for going to first grade so that he does not feel internal constraint and feels confident? So that the child does not clog in the corners, interact with other students, join the learning process and contact teachers, it is important that he knows how to: communicate, understand the meaning of schooling, verbally defend his position, plan activities and set goals, be aware of the consequences of his behavior, had clear ideas about the discipline and the internal charter of the school. In addition, it is important that the first-grader has a favorable psychological attitude and an objective self-esteem.

Parents take note!!! Preparation for school should not be limited to reading, writing and counting. Before going to the first grade, there should be a parental dialogue with the child, talk with him about how to behave with adults and peers, develop in him a sense of responsibility, independence, talk about discipline. If you notice signs of negativism, concealment, unreasonable aggression in your child’s behavior, immediately consult a child psychologist so as not to start the problem and provoke more alienation.

Vyacheslav Alexandrovich - teaching Russian language and literature remotely (via Skype)

Education: higher, Moscow State University for the Humanities. M.A. Sholokhov, Faculty of Philology, teacher of the Russian language and literature (1975 - 1980).

Teaching experience:

teacher of the Russian language and literature in Moscow schools and universities under the Labor Code and the contract (1980 - 1993);
teacher of Russian language and literature at the faculty of pre-university training
(Moscow Regional Pedagogical University), (1980 - 2001);

Advantages

Lessons in computer science with the participation of tutors on Skype are fraught with many advantages:

Thanks to the Skype program, the educational process acquires excellent visualization, which makes it possible to perfectly see and hear your interlocutor during the lesson;
A computer science tutor for children using Skype (Skype) creates an exceptionally friendly atmosphere during learning. The teacher, in order to achieve maximum effect, addresses only one student;
Individual approach to all your listeners. Remote tutors in computer science via Skype develop an individual training scheme for each student, using various author's developments;
A computer science tutor working online lays the foundation of knowledge and skills in the child, transferring experience and forming perseverance, diligence, striving for the goal;
The cost of computer science lessons via Skype is 2-3 times cheaper than face-to-face counterparts, especially when it comes to tutoring services in large metropolitan areas;
I teach:

English for kids, children, teenagers and adults;

Mathematics from grades 1 to 7.

Parents of toddlers who attend kindergarten do not need to worry about preparing their child for school. This is done by educators and specially trained specialists. And what about adults whose children do not attend preschool? Is it possible to independently prepare the baby for school life, and how to do it right?

When should you start preparing your child for school?

Inexperienced parents believe that if the baby goes to school at the age of 6, then it is enough to work out with him from the age of five, and in a year the child will master, so to speak, the course of a young fighter. In fact, this is a clear misconception.

Psychologists say that the most favorable age to start preparing for school is 3.5-4 years.

By the age of 3, your beloved little man has formed as a person. The little why-do-it-yourselfer learns the world around him with great interest, and questions pour out of him, as if from a cornucopia. We need to seize the moment, and just direct his curiosity in the right direction. .

By the age of three, the child manifests spatial and logical thinking, memory is activated. He not only wants to get answers to his questions, but also to remember them. Therefore, do not be angry with the baby if he asks the same question several times.

What do you need to prepare your child for school?

Classes with a child should in no case be episodic. Make a clear plan for yourself, similar to a school schedule. Break down all the information that you need to convey to the crumbs into separate topics.

At the same time, keep in mind that until the baby reaches the age of 4.5-5 years, one lesson should not exceed fifteen minutes. Disclosure of one topic should fit into this period of time.

After each lesson, take a break for 15-20 minutes. So that the baby does not get tired and does not lose interest in learning, spend no more than 3 classes a day. Do not scold the child if he does not succeed. You need to deal with it calmly and patiently.

Equip a comfortable place for classes, give him a shelf in the closet, where your child will store all the school supplies. From the first days, teach him to keep his workplace in order, not to scatter pens, notebooks or books on the table.

Sometimes it is not so difficult to instill handwriting skills or the ability to count, how to accustom a child to perseverance and adherence to the daily routine that awaits him at school.

What classes are needed to prepare for school?

The preparation of the baby includes such activities as:

reading;
calligraphy;
maths;
creative activities (sculpting, drawing, appliqué);
one of the foreign languages.

Reading

This item comes first. The faster the baby masters the letters and learns to put them first into syllables, and then into words, the faster the whole process of obtaining new knowledge will go. You have to go from simple to complex. Any word consists of letters, so the initial task of parents is to learn the alphabet with their child.

Find poems about letters on the Internet or in children's books. Listening to the description of each letter in poetic form, the baby will remember them faster. In addition, he will try to repeat certain phrases from the verse.

Here are some good poems by Boris Zakhoder:

Everyone knows the letter A
The letter is very nice.
Yes, besides, the letter A
Main in the alphabet.

Here is an example of a quatrain by another author:

B looks like a pipe
That buzzes "Boo-boo, boo-boo",
And a little on the iron
My best friend says.

Agree that in this form it will be very interesting to teach letters to a little inquisitive little man.

After the kid has mastered the letters, show him how syllables are made up of them. Name the consonants the way the sound is pronounced, that is, not “me” or “be”, but “m” and “b”. Otherwise, the word mom, composed of letters, the baby can pronounce mea-mea.

Get a gorgeous colorful alphabet poster from the bookstore. Hang it above your baby's desk. When a child's gaze encounters an image, his passive memory is activated. Looking at familiar letters, he will remember them better.

So that learning to fold syllables does not drag on for a long time, buy a magnetic alphabet for your baby. Kids love to move colorful letters around the board. Your task is to help the baby choose from them those that are needed to fold this or that syllable or word. Turn the process of learning the alphabet and learning to read into an exciting game .

There is a huge amount of colorful reading material on the market today. These can be cubes, cards or puzzles with individual letters or syllables. Look for pictures that clearly show how letters are combined into syllables. There is a lot of such information on the Internet, in children's books and colorful didactic materials.

Calligraphy training

At the age of 3.5-4 years, the baby is still not quite confident in holding a pencil or pen in his hands. Therefore, it is not worth expecting that the child will quickly learn to write well. At this age, only sticks and small hooks are subject to him. Giving the crumbs simple tasks, look at school copybooks. Even first-graders do not start writing letters right away. Teaching a child to write letters is better from the age of five . In this case, you need to start with printed letters.

You do not need to immediately demand good results from the baby. The inclinations for learning a particular subject are different for all children. If a child's fine motor skills are lame, it will be difficult to teach him to write beautifully. First you need to show the baby how to hold the pen correctly.

Handwriting can also be influenced by the pose in which the baby is poring over his task. Make sure your child's posture is correct when he or she is doing calligraphy. His back should be straightened, and the table should be at chest level. The baby's elbows should be on the table.

Pay attention to the location of the notebook on the table. It should be placed slightly at an angle, and the lower left corner should lie in the center of the child's chest.

Learning Math

By the time of entering school, the future first-grader should be able to fluently count up to 10 back and forth, add and subtract within these numbers.

Where to start teaching crumbs?

First, the baby must learn such quantitative concepts like less, more, equal. Teach him to compare 2 groups of objects with each other. For example, lay out a different number of cars and cubes on the table. The baby must figure out which items are more and which are fewer and what needs to be done to make them even. Thus, the child will get acquainted with terms such as add and subtract.
In addition, he must learn to operate with such concepts as close - far, high - low . Even before getting acquainted with the numbers, the baby needs to be told about geometric shapes, taught to distinguish a circle from an oval, a square from a rectangle or triangle.
At the next stage, with the help of small toys, pencils or counting sticks, the child learns numbers . Take one cube and show the little student the number 1. Then add another cube and introduce the baby to the number 2.

At the same time, do not overload the child with information. For one day, it is enough to get acquainted with two numbers.

When the baby remembers what all the numbers look like, and knows that next to the number 3 you need to put 3 sticks, and with the number 5 - exactly 5 sticks, you can move on to teaching the crumbs addition and subtraction.

Any training should be carried out in the form of a game. To do math, it is not entirely necessary to seat the baby at the table. You can count anything - trees on the street, cars in the parking lot, kids on the playground. The first thing babies start counting is their fingers. The main thing is not to overload the child with a large amount of information. . For example, if you are going somewhere, do not force him to count all the items that come across on the way. It is enough to hear 2-3 answers from the baby and move on to another topic, for example, remember any rhyme.

When learning new material, do not forget to repeat with the baby what he has learned before.

We do fine art

In the lessons of creativity, you can consolidate the material covered in other subjects. Buy a coloring book with letters and numbers for your kid, teach him to draw geometric shapes. Help your little one learn how to use a ruler to draw straight lines.

When a child draws, pay attention to the fact that the sun looks like a circle, and the roof of the house looks like a triangle. Teach him to color the drawings carefully so that the paint does not go beyond the outline of the drawing. In the meantime, explain to your child that the sky is blue and the grass is green.

No need to force a little artist to draw what you want. Let the child show his imagination, let him express his feelings and emotions through his drawings.

Learning a foreign language

If you decide to teach your child a foreign language before school, start learning with a colorful alphabet with pictures. Do not be upset if you yourself do not know one of the foreign languages perfectly. For a kid who goes to a regular school, without an in-depth study of English, French or another language, it is enough to know the alphabet well and have a small vocabulary.

Learn a few short verses with your child and repeat them during a walk or during home games. Watch your child's pronunciation. If he gets used to speaking foreign words incorrectly, it will be difficult to retrain him at school.

As you prepare your child for school on your own, be patient. Do not scold the little student if something does not work out for him. If the kid is tired and inattentive in class, postpone the lesson. Learning should bring joy to the child, otherwise you can discourage him from learning for a long time, which will affect his knowledge at school.

Preparing your child for school is the foundation for successful learning. It is important not only to give basic skills of writing, counting, reading, but also to ensure sufficient development of speech, to teach how to communicate with peers and adults. The wider the horizons of a first-grader, the easier it is to declare oneself in a new team, to gain authority.

Modern realities are such that a poorly prepared child will always be a black sheep compared to more successful classmates. It is easier for children attending a kindergarten or a developmental center for preschoolers to adapt to new conditions and withstand the study load. Parents also need to know how to properly prepare their child for school at 6 years old in order to consolidate the knowledge gained at home.

What should a future first grader be able to do?

Check to see if your child's developmental level meets preschool requirements. Examine the list of requirements, think about whether your daughter or son is ready to cope with the proposed tasks. Give a negative point for each negative answer. The more "minuses", the wider the range of issues that need to be discussed with the preschooler.

The child must be ready for certain actions:

call all family members by name, introduce themselves, briefly talk about yourself and your hobbies;
be well versed in vowels, consonants, read simple texts, write in block letters;
know the differences between the seasons, explain what is now - summer or winter, know the days of the week, months;
navigate the day, distinguish between morning, lunch and evening;
know the rules of subtraction and addition;
name the basic geometric shapes: triangle, square, circle, draw them;
memorize a short text, retell it;
in a number of proposed items, find an extra one, explain why he excluded it.

There are other requirements as well. The prospective first grader must:

master basic self-care skills: without the help of adults, dress, undress, lace up shoes, keep the workplace clean;
know the rules of conduct in public places, respect others;
distinguish, correctly name the primary colors, preferably shades;
describe what is shown in the picture;
be able to count to 20, then back;
know the names of parts of the human body, be able to draw people with all the main "details";
correctly answer the questions: “Where?”, “Why?”, “When?”;
distinguish between inanimate/animate objects;
communicate with peers, defend your opinion, but do not beat those who disagree;
understand that you can not offend classmates and adults;
sit quietly in class for at least 15-20 minutes. Behave decently, do not be capricious, do not bully other students.

Important! It's hard to catch up during the summer months. You can not waste time for the recovery of children for many hours of classes. So you worsen the health of the nervous system, give too high a load on the growing body, discourage the desire to study. How to avoid overload? The solution is simple: start preparing for school from 3.5–4 years old. Little by little, at an acceptable pace, without pressure on the psyche, you will teach the baby everything you need.

Remember 5 important rules:

teachers and psychologists recommend conducting classes in a playful way. It is impossible to force, especially, to scream, beat the baby for refusing to study this or that material. The task of parents is to interest, to explain that an educated person will always earn respect among friends, peers and will be successful in life;
the duration of the mini-lesson is no more than 15 minutes. Between classes, a break of 15–20 minutes is required so that the children can warm up and run;
alternate math with reading, drawing with physical education, and so on. Prolonged mental stress adversely affects the growing body;
gradually increase the complexity of the material, do not rush with new tasks until the baby has thoroughly mastered the material covered;
use study guides with bright, large illustrations. Choose interesting texts that describe animals, birds, natural phenomena. Cultivate kindness, explain how important it is to help others. Offer good fairy tales and stories to study.

Math lessons

Classes for preparing for school in mathematics:

Start counting with familiar objects: small toys, sweets, vegetables and fruits. Later, switch to counting sticks, special cards. Use only whole numbers at first;
a great option is to study numbers in pairs, for example 1 and 2, 5 and 6. This makes it easier for the child to understand that 5 apples + 1 = 6 apples. Study one pair for a whole lesson, at the beginning of the next, repeat the material covered for 5–10 minutes, then move on to a new pair;
experienced teachers recommend studying geometry also in a playful way. Show a circle, a triangle and a square using the cookie as an example. It is easy to find confectionery of any shape in the store;
did the little student remember the names and shapes of the main figures? Learn to draw them with a ruler (triangle) and a pencil;
the maximum benefit will come from alternating counting, solving examples and studying geometry.

Writing lessons

train your hand: babies are not adapted for long writing;
Great help is provided by classes on the development of fine motor skills. Useful exercises with improvised objects (pasta, beans, soft dough, shoelaces, start at 2-3 years old);
learn to use comfortable scissors with non-sharp, rounded edges. Cutting out the figure along the contour prepares the hand for writing;
first, learn to write in block letters, only after memorizing the entire alphabet, go to capital letters;
explain to the baby that you need to write carefully, do not go beyond the stripes / cells. Buy a comfortable pen, tell me how to hold it;
learn finger gymnastics, do exercises with your child. Speak together: “We wrote, we wrote, our fingers are tired. And now we will rest and start writing again.
choose a writing notebook that meets the requirements of the modern school. In specialized stores there are many useful benefits.

Reading lessons

these activities come first. The sooner a small student masters reading, the easier it will be for him to study other subjects;
learn the letters alphabetically. Draw a big letter, mold it from plasticine, tell us what the symbol looks like. For example, O - glasses, D - house, F - beetle. Show the letter if it is obtained with the help of fingers, arms, legs, torso;
read a short text, put the story in front of the baby, ask them to find the letter that they just learned, for example, A;
ask what the text is about, be sure to ask a few questions about what you read;
later ask to retell;
after the lesson, rest is required, then switching to another type of activity.

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Creative tasks

learn to use paints, brushes, felt-tip pens;
let the young student hatch the space inside the outlined area. Suitable material - coloring pages with large and small details;
combine drawing, modeling, applications with the study of geometric shapes. For example: a house is a square, a watermelon is a circle, a roof is a triangle;
offer to blind letters, numbers, so that they are better remembered.

Psychological readiness of the child for school

Consider the opinion of psychologists and educators. Experts believe that it is easier for first-graders to join the team, to accept new rules, prohibitions, routines, if certain skills are developed.

Teachers and psychologists have compiled a list of requirements, according to which a child at the age of 6 is ready to attend school:

wants to learn, has a craving for knowledge;
is able to compare various objects, concepts, draws conclusions based on analysis;
understands why children go to school, has the skills of social behavior, is aware of his own "I";
at least briefly keeps attention on the subject that is studying;
tries to overcome difficulties, brings the matter to the end.

How to psychologically prepare children for school: tips for parents:

talk with the baby, read, communicate;
after reading, discuss the text, ask questions. Ask the child's opinion, encourage him to analyze the situations described in a fairy tale, poem or story;
play “School” with your son or daughter, change roles “teacher - student”. Lessons - no longer than 15 minutes, pauses, physical education minutes are required. Praise the little student, give advice in the correct form;
Show by personal example how to overcome difficulties. Do not allow to leave the case halfway, tell me, advise, but do not finish (finish, finish writing) for the child. Finish the job together, but not instead of the child;
Avoid being overprotective. You can’t get used to treating your son or daughter like a little one, don’t you let them act on their own? Think about whether it will be comfortable for a little clumsy child in a children's team if he alone cannot quickly get dressed or tie his shoelaces. To avoid ridicule, offensive nicknames will help the recognition of the child's right to independence. Encourage the desire for independence, teach how to dress, undress, eat properly, cope with laces and buttons;
teach to communicate with peers, visit more often, organize games in the yard, if the children do not always find a common language, also participate in games, suggest how to play and not quarrel. Never laugh at your son or daughter in front of children (eye to eye too): low self-esteem is the cause of many troubles, self-doubt;
create positive motivation, explain why you need to study. Tell us how many new and interesting things the children will learn in the lessons;
explain what discipline is, why silence is needed in the classroom during the explanations of new material. Teach to ask questions, if something is not clear, say that the teacher cannot ask everyone how the material was learned. Students should also think about themselves and the maximum acquisition of knowledge;
tell me that you need to defend your interests without shouting and fists, by civilized methods. Teach self-respect, explain why you should not show excessive timidity or aggressiveness. Simulate several situations that often arise at school when communicating with peers, think about the way out. Listen to the opinion of the child, offer your own version if the son or daughter does not know what to do. Be attentive to the interests of the child, teach the rules of communication, encourage good deeds and deeds.

When preparing a child for school, take into account the advice of psychologists and teachers, show interest, inspire a small student. From an early age, develop a craving for knowledge, communicate, study the world around you. It is always easier for a well-prepared first-grader to master the school curriculum than for a child with a lack of elementary skills and limited horizons.

More useful tips for parents of future first graders in the following video:

Reading 6 min. Views 326 Published on 06/19/2019

The adaptation of the child to new social conditions and his ability to perceive material in the classroom depends on how the preparation for school goes. Is it necessary to give the baby to special preparatory classes, or is it possible to develop children's potential at home - let's figure it out.

What indicates willingness to learn

Child psychologists determine the readiness of the child for the school period, based on 4 criteria:

Personal. When a baby is drawn to a team of children, not only because of the opportunity to communicate with them, but also because of the desire to grow wiser, to learn something that he does not know yet.
Intellectual. It is characterized by competent speech, complete thoughts, the presence of minimal knowledge, the ability to listen carefully to adults.
Socio-psychological. It implies the ability to communicate with peers, the ability to concentrate one's attention.
Physiological. When the child is healthy and psychologically stable.

According to psychologists, you can start as early as 3.5 years. After all, it is during this age period that spatial and logical thinking actively develops, memorization processes improve.

Children attending kindergarten perceive and complete tasks for preschoolers faster. It is easier for them to survive the first training months and adapt to a new team.

This is due to the fact that in the middle group, educators begin to acquaint the kids with the basic information that will be needed in the first grade.

The child should have developed a strong-willed sphere and motivation to gain knowledge. The kid should independently strive to go to school, wish to grow wiser and build relationships in a new team.

Rules for conducting classes at home

To prepare your child for school on your own, make a lesson plan. You can purchase a real diary, which will contain a real lesson schedule.

Fill out this diary for yourself, and also rate the little one. They can be in the form of emoticons of various colors - the baby will really like it, and will stimulate him to work harder.

Large topics should be broken down into separate sessions, the duration of which should not exceed 15 minutes at a time. Try not to have more than 2 classes per day for 4-5 year olds.

Also take breaks in the educational process, during which you can do gymnastics for the eyes or do some physical exercises.

To teach the crumbs to order, ask him to fold books, pens, notebooks after the lesson.

Preparation for school includes not only learning to count, read and write. It is important to teach the baby to follow the daily routine, to be assiduous, polite, attentive, friendly.

The success of his socialization depends on how positive and self-confident the child will be. In the early days it will not be easy, but gradually the child will get used to and love your joint activities.

What needs to be taught

It is important to know not only how to prepare, but also what to acquaint a young preschooler with.

Each future first-grader should know his full name and the names of his parents, address, seasons, colors, common animals, be able to distinguish between animate and inanimate.

The most important preparatory material should include the following lessons:

reading;
basics of mathematics and geometry;
calligraphy;
creation;
foreign language.

Let's take a look at each section in more detail.

Reading

Acquiring this skill is fundamental. It is on this skill that the success of the process of obtaining new knowledge depends. Initially, the baby must get acquainted with the alphabet, for this, purchase a large colorful alphabet (magnetic and sound alphabets are sold). This will make the learning process more interesting and faster.

Go from simple to complex. Teach your child to put familiar letters into syllables and into words. Find children's songs and poems about letters on the Internet. They will help the baby quickly memorize the entire alphabet.

The baby should pronounce the sound form of consonants (not “em”, but “m”). So it will be easier for him to combine letters, and make words out of them.

Assignments for preschoolers should take place in a playful way. To do this, buy additional didactic material for lessons: puzzles, cubes, cards with letters. You can make cards yourself, on which the combination of letters into syllables will be clearly illustrated.

Fundamentals of mathematics and geometry

To do this, you need to familiarize the child with the concepts of "greater than", "less than" and "equal to". For classes, use special sticks. Let the child lay them out next to the objects: if there are 2 cars, then there should be 2 sticks.

Introducing the basics of geometry, start with an explanation of the concepts of "close" and "far". And then inform the child about the presence of various geometric shapes: a triangle, a square, an oval, a rectangle. Let the kid learn to distinguish between them.

Try to study in a playful way: after all, new information is not easy to perceive. Get cubes with the image of numbers, they will help you learn how to count. Ask the child to count cars passing by or children passing by.

Calligraphy

Before the age of 6, children are not yet confident in holding a pen, so do not expect perfect results from them. Handwriting training should begin with prescribing various squiggles, hooks. The letters themselves (printed) begin to write when the child reaches 5 years old.

If you do not like the baby's handwriting, do not correct it and "pressure" on the child. Perhaps the crumbs have poorly developed fine motor skills of the hands - you still have time for developmental tasks.

Engage in modeling, folding puzzles, assemble a designer - this will help improve motor skills.

Immediately teach the baby to hold the pen correctly. At school, it will be difficult to wean him from the developed habit of writing.

When writing, always follow the child's posture. The back should be straight, the chest should be at the level of the table, and the elbows should lie on the table.

If you work out in the evening, use a table lamp. The notebook should also be positioned in a special way: slightly at an angle, and the left corner at the bottom should point to the central part of the chest.

Creation

Tasks for preschoolers in this area should be related to what the baby likes: it can be drawing, modeling, appliqué. If you chose drawing, then it is recommended to consolidate the material covered through this lesson. You can color numbers, letters, draw circles, squares.

Sculpt animals and say out loud their name and color. Pay attention to where animals live and what they eat. If you are making an application, indicate what shape the object is used, and what it is associated with the baby.

Foreign language

Since children of 4-5 years old actively develop memory and thinking, it is necessary to constantly and systematically replenish their vocabulary. It is clear that knowledge of a foreign alphabet is useless for a child of this age.

Start teaching him simple vocabulary: the names of family members, flowers, fruits and vegetables in another language.

Learn to answer simple questions (What is your name? How old are you?). Learning short foreign rhymes and songs is especially effective.

This basic knowledge will help the child to better absorb the educational material, because he will know what is at stake.

Conclusion

If you do not have the time and desire to work with your child every day, then it is better to sign him up for preparatory classes. If you want to prepare your baby for school on your own, then this is quite possible.

The main thing is to conduct lessons in accordance with the schedule you have created, and not be lazy. Also, before introducing a new topic, do not forget to review previously studied material. And there is no need to worry if the child learns the material poorly - you are only preparing him to receive basic information, and not preparing him for the exam.

Entering school is quite an exciting time for any parent, because their child is moving to a new stage of development and socialization! How exactly will everything go? Will the little one manage to cope with school subjects? Will he be able to adapt to the new environment?

To make everything go smoothly, you can prepare your child for school in advance. Let's take a closer look at when you need to start classes, what exactly they should be, and whether it is worth sending the baby to preparation or you can do it yourself at home.

When to start preparing?

Psychologists say that you can start preparing for school as early as 3.5-4 years old, especially since you have most likely already taken the first steps towards education: you started teaching your baby to read and count.

It is at 3.5-4 years that a bright personality is formed in the child. Of course, he still doesn’t know how much and doesn’t know about everything in the world, bombarding you with questions: “Why?” And How?".

But right now, logical and spatial thinking is actively developing in it and memory is being activated, therefore it is extremely undesirable to miss this fertile period.

Psychological readiness

Any child should be prepared for school not only mentally, but also from the point of view of psychology. This means that everything in it must be in balance, namely:

personal and social readiness;
volitional sphere;
clear motivation for learning.

In other words, the young student should strive to go to school consciously. He must be willing to receive new information, think about this stage of growing up and want to learn how to build relationships in a new team.

What a miracle - school?

First of all, it is worth explaining to the kid what a school is, how it differs from a kindergarten, what the mysterious word “lessons” means in practice, and why it is so important to listen to what the teacher says.

An attempt at visualization

It is necessary to understand the inner feelings of the child and find out how he relates to school. To do this, ask him to draw her in detail and talk about what she is like.

What are the lessons at the school? Are there big changes? Do students get grades and enjoy being there? Let the child tell you what kind of teacher works there - strict or kind, whether he likes her or not.

During the story, you will get answers to your questions: what is the child afraid of, why is he worried, what is he afraid of. All these points should be discussed with him after the story and play out options for getting out of different situations.

You can't be scared!

Do not put pressure on the child psychologically, do not scare him with strict discipline or by scolding him for bad grades. This clearly does not stimulate him to a good perception of the new place of study.

It is better to tell the child that he has to learn a lot of interesting things about the world, and if during this period he encounters difficulties, he can always count on you.

What is school for?

Explain to the kid that his main task will not be to get good grades (although this is important), but to gain new knowledge, which he will use in the future for his own benefit.

For example, he will be able to get a job, get a salary and buy what he wants - that is, to become a truly adult.

All at once?

Do not try to stuff your baby with an abundance of information and give him everything at once: knowing a lot does not mean loving to learn. Better develop curiosity and the ability to approach lessons creatively. As a result, the kid will understand that learning is quite exciting and not scary at all.

Independence is the head of everything!

It is very important that the baby mastered such important qualities as responsibility and independence. There is no need to conduct special training for this - this is not an army! It is enough to trust the child with simple tasks and give a chance to cope independently with what he can do.

You can, for example, entrust him with the care of flowers that you buy with him. Discuss with the baby the rules and features of caring for plants and explain what will happen to the flower if it is not watered or hilled.

To keep your little one from forgetting to do this, attach a reminder paper to the fridge.

Praise is the best blessing

Be sure to praise the baby for success, emphasizing the fact that he already knows a lot. Just in no case do not cite other, more “developed” children as an example, so that the baby does not feel not too successful against the background of their achievements.

He must know that if he fails something, he needs to try to do it again.

Going for knowledge: class schedule

So, the psychological preparation of the baby is in full swing, it's time to take on the educational process. To do this, develop in your child perseverance, the ability to live according to a schedule and strict discipline.

Actually, the lessons should be held 5 days a week, and the next two days to rest and frolic.

The class schedule could be, for example:

Monday: spelling and reading;
Tuesday: drawing and mathematics;
Wednesday: math again, spelling again and, as a bonus, an application;
Thursday: reading, English (or other foreign language) and modeling;
Friday: reading and foreign.

How much to do?

Closer to the age of five, classes in such difficult subjects as mathematics or English should take no more than 20 minutes at home. For other lessons, you can take a little more time - 25 minutes.

At the same time, breaks between lessons need to be reduced: if at first they are large - for an hour, then then it is worth making them twenty minutes. This will help the child learn the material well, without experiencing the stress of restructuring for a new life.

Teaching methodology: how to conduct lessons?

Let's figure out how exactly it is worth teaching a child. Tips for homeschooling toddlers for convenience are illustrated by examples of especially meaningful lessons.

Reading lessons

Once your child has learned the letters and syllables, you can move on to reading so that the entire further preparation process is more successful.

The study of letters should be carried out in alphabetical order, and reading - from acquaintance with small tales. To begin with, the kid can find already studied letters in the text.

Retell what you read to him and ask him to repeat it again, but on his own. To help with the presentation - 3 questions that the baby should briefly answer.

Spelling lessons

Spelling lessons are best done in the same order as reading, so that the assimilation of what has been passed is more successful. As you become familiar with the material, you can move on to reading simple syllables, so that later you can try to write them.

If you stick to these teaching principles, by the age of 5 your child will be able to read and write quite well. A prerequisite is that the child works with notebooks for writing in a ruler, and for mathematics - in a cage.

Math lessons

Learning to count is best done with candy, toys, and family members, but you should first learn whole numbers. Simple tasks in mathematics are also better given on visual material - on the same sweets.

You can also learn numbers in pairs at once: 3 and 4, 5 and 6. The child should not only memorize them, but also try to write them afterwards. Be sure to repeat the material covered the next day, but not for very long - no more than five minutes.

It is better to learn various geometric shapes using the example of the same cookie, which is now available in a variety of forms. Gradually, you will move from "food" to the outline of figures in a notebook.

art lessons

Drawing lessons are an outlet for a child, so they must be carried out. It can be not only creativity in albums, but also appliqué and modeling.

Here you can also study the geometric shapes that we talked about above and draw them in the album.

Teach your child to use paints so that the pictures do not look like blotters of an incomprehensible color. Show how you can shade a drawing with a pencil or master the technique of drawing with crayons.

Foreign language lessons

The key to success in learning a language is the use of vivid pictures and illustrations. It is best if you start learning the language that you yourself studied at school, otherwise you will have to use the services of a tutor.

The lesson can last about 15 minutes, during which you must speak with the baby in a foreign language, accompanying your words with actions. This form of education is considered the most effective for preschool age.

As soon as the lesson comes to an end, reinforce what you have learned by showing a cartoon in a foreign language.

Never, and this is very important, do not prepare the baby for school "out of the blue." Do I need to explain that this will not lead to anything good in the end?

Let's play school

Interest the child, and even better, create a whole educational team around him. For example, invite children of the same age to visit and play school.

schedule requirements

As soon as you see that the baby has achieved some success, gently begin to demand results from him - at first unobtrusively, then more actively. This approach to learning will benefit the baby.

Should I send my child to preparatory courses?

Many parents whose children are approaching the wonderful school time are constantly thinking about how to prepare their child for school at home. Wouldn't it be better to give it to preparatory classes for this?

Calm down, because you yourself can do it - there would only be a desire!

What kind of kids should be given to the courses?

The group of exceptions for which courses will be preferable to home preparation for school include:

Toddlers who did not go to kindergarten, mini-centers and any other preschool institutions, since social adaptation has not even begun for them yet.
Shy children, and especially when the preparatory classes are taught by the same teachers who in the future will teach them subjects in elementary school.
Children who have few friends. In the preparatory lessons, the kids will find real comrades for themselves and, when moving to school, will be able to avoid possible stresses.

If your child is perfectly adapted to society, you can not resort to the help of preparatory groups. Moreover, nowadays in all kindergartens they begin to prepare children for school long before they enter.

Your lessons at home will be a good help for the baby, which will help him prepare for school slowly, interestingly and very effectively.