Spanish language letter w pronunciation. Spanish pronunciation and reading rules

Children who are just starting to learn Spanish, of course, should start from the very basics. This basis will be the Spanish alphabet for children, which in this article we will analyze very thoroughly, consider which letters it includes and what pronunciation these letters have.

For beginners to learn Spanish, it is very important to know what letters are included in it and how they are read. There are certain unshakable rules for reading letters that you should know.:

Spanish Alphabet

Pronunciation rules

Pronunciation in Spanish

Spanish phonetics

The phonetics of the Spanish language is a rather complex phenomenon, so it is not at all necessary to memorize it immediately and by heart. Start, return to what you have already learned and read, and over time, the letters and their pronunciation, as well as the combination, will settle down in your head by itself. The main thing in this matter is not to overdo it and not to rush. Spanish is not as difficult as Russian, but you will need to show maximum attention, because phonetics is the basis of the language.

Tongue twisters for practice

For For beginners to learn Spanish, it will be very useful to use tongue twisters. They can be reinforced first with the correct pronunciation with transcription and only then memorized as much as you want. So it will be possible to work out the pronunciation well and it will stop limping.

So, Spanish tongue twisters:

Vowels

When starting to learn Spanish, it is worth knowing how many vowels there are in Spanish. Well, there are only five of them. These are sounds and, uh, a, oh, u. in pronunciation, they are similar to similar sounds in Russian transcription. But at the same time, vowels in Spanish are divided into strong and weak. If there are two strong vowels side by side in a word, they are pronounced separately, unless they form a diphthong.

Consonants

With the pronunciation of consonants in Spanish, you need to be especially careful. Unlike how letters are pronounced in Russian transcription, there is no softening of consonants in Spanish. Before the vowels e, i, you don’t need to soften the consonants, but you can’t overdo it either, since there is no “y” sound in Spanish. Unlike Russian transcription, consonant pike at the end of a word are weakened, but remain voiced.

Spanish alphabet letter	Approximate match sound in Russian	Usage example	Remarks
a	a	gato [gato] = cat	-
b	b	boca [boka] = mouth	not at the beginning of words and not after the sound [m], pronounced weakly with lips not completely closed.
c	1. Before i and e - c 2. In other cases - to	cenar [senar] = to have dinner cantar [cantar] = to sing	In case 1 in northern Spain it is pronounced like th in English word thick.
ch	h	muchacho [muchácho] = boy	-
d	d	dato [date]=date	-
e	uh	mesa [mesa] = table	-
f	f	fumar [fumar] = to smoke	-
g	1. Before i and e - x 2. In other cases - g	1. gente [hente] = people 2. gústo = taste	-
gue, gui	gee, gee	guía [guia] = guide, guerra [guerra] = war	-
h	unreadable	haber = to have	-
i	i	final [final]=final	-
k	a	kilo [kilo]=kilogram	-
l	eh	mal [mal=bad]	sound between l and l
ll	th	llamar [yamar] = to name	-
m	m	medusa [medusa] = jellyfish	-
n	n	null [zero]=zero	-
ñ	ny	año [anyo] = year	-
o	about	rosa [rrosa] = rose	-
p	P	profesor [profesor] = teacher	-
qu	to	queso [keso] = cheese	-
r	1. At the beginning of a word and after n, l, s - pp 2. In other cases - p	1. roca [rroka] = rock 2.cara [kara] = face	-
s	with	casa [casa] = house	-
t	t	tema [theme] = theme	-
u	at	luna [moon] = moon	-
v	b	vaca [baka] - cow	the reading rules do not differ from the reading rules b: not at the beginning of words and not after the sound [m] is pronounced weakly with lips not completely closed.
X	1. Between vowels - ks 2. Before a consonant - with	1.examen [examen] = exam 2. texto [testo]=text	-
y	th	yo [yo] = I, hay [ah] = there	does not differ from combination ll
z	with	paz [pass]=peace	does not differ from s. In the north of Spain, it is pronounced like the th in the English word thick.

diphthongs

A diphthong (phonetic diphnong) is a combination of two vowels pronounced in one syllable. In Spanish, a diphthong usually consists of a combination of the so-called "strong" vowels a, o, e and the "weak" vowels i and u. At the same time, the "strong" vowel is a syllable-forming one, and the "weak" one sounds like a short semivowel.

with final i: ai [ah], ei [hey], oi [oh]: dais [dais], peine [peine], sois [soys]

with final u: au [аў], eu [eu], ou [оў]: fauna [faўna], deuda [deўda], COU [koў]

with initial i: ia [ya], ie [ye], io [yo]: iu [yu]: piano [piano], ciela [syela], adiós [aDyos], viuda [byuda]

with initial u: ua [ўa], ue [ўe], uo [ўo]: agua [а́Гўа], bueno [beno], cuota [kota]

At the beginning and end of a word, i is written as y: yo, soy

When combining two weak vowels first of them it sounds short: iu [yu] and ui [ўi]: ciudad [syuDа́Д], ruido [RўiDo]. The exception is the word muy(very) which is pronounced [mui]

triphthongs

A triphthong is three vowels that read as one syllable.
There are 4 triplets in Spanish: [yai], [yey], [ўai], [ўey]. Stressed syllable-forming vowels in them are strong vowels a and e: estudiáis [estudyays], limpiéis [limpyeys], situáis [sitўays], actuéis [aktўeys]

Place of stress

1) If a word ends in a vowel sound, diphthong or consonants n, s and there is no stress mark anywhere in the word, then the stress falls on the penultimate syllable:

gato [gato] - cat
serio [seryo] - serious
flores [flores] - flowers
comen [komen] - (they) eat

2) If the word ends in a consonant (except for -n and -s), then the stress falls on the last syllable:

cantar [kantar] - to sing;
animal [animal] - animal;
universidad [uniBersiDáD] - university;

3) Words that deviate from these rules are written with an accent:

Moscú [Moscow] - Moscow;
estudió [estuDyo] - studied (as);
frencés [frances] - French;
estación [estacion] - railway station;
cantará [kantara] - (he, she) will sing;
cámera [camera] - camera.

In Russian transcription, with the help of capital letters and signs ӈ and ў, sounds that are absent in Russian are shown:

B - pronounced as b with incompletely closed lips. It is heard as a kind of intermediate sound between [c] and [b]. There is no sound [in] in Spanish;
L - a middle sound between l and l, pronounced when the tip of the tongue touches the upper alveoli (bumps above the upper teeth);
G - Ukrainian g, in Russian - g in "aha" and "for God's sake";
P - multi-impact vibrant, rolling p;
D - interdental fricative voiced sound similar to the English the in this, but with a less protruding tip of the tongue. It sounds like a weak q, at the end of the word it weakens almost to the point of disappearance;
ў - short y, pronounced like the English w in the word water;
N - middle lingual palatal stop. It looks like Russian н, but is pronounced with pressing not the front part of the tongue to the alveoli, but the middle part of the tongue to the upper palate;
ӈ - soft-palatal nasal sonant, pronounced like ng in the English word sing;

Letter	Letter position and denoted by it corresponding sounds	Examples from Russian transcription
a	[a]	gato [gato]
b	1. At the beginning of a word and after m and n - [b] 2. In other cases [B]	1. boca [sides], hombre [ombre], un baso 2. nube [nuBe], carbon [carbon]
c	1. Before i and e - [s], in the north of Spain it is pronounced like th in the English word thick. 2. In other cases - [k]	1. cenar [senar] 2. cása [casa], clase [class]
ch	[h]	muchacho [muchacho]
d	1. At the beginning of a word and after n and l [d] 2. In other cases - [D]	1.dato [dato], anda [anda], cáldo [caldo] 2.todo [toDo], madre [madre]
e	[e]	mesa [mesa]
f	[f]	fumar [fumar]
g	1. At the beginning of a word before a, o, u and field n - [r] 2. Between vowels and next to a consonant, except for n - "Г" 3. Before e, i - [x]	1.gallina [gayina], gota [Gota], gusto [dense], tengo 2.lago [LaGo], siglo [siglo], cargo [cargo] 3. gente [hente], agitar [akhitar]
gue, gui	1. At the beginning of the word and after n - [ge], [gi] 2. Between vowels and next to a consonant, except for n - [Ge], [Gi]	1. guerra [geRa], lengua [Leӈguўa] 2.águila [aGILa], pagué [paGe]
gui, gui	1. At the beginning of the word and the field n - [gўe], [gўi] 2. Between vowels and next to a consonant, except for n - [Гўе́], [Гўи]	1. güirero [gўirero], lingüística [Liӈguўistika] 2.agüero [аГўero], vergüenza [berGўensa]
h	Unreadable	haber [aBer]
i	1. Before a, e, o, u and after a, e, o - [th] 2. In other cases - [and]	1. piano [pyano], cielo [syelo], acción [aksyon], ciudad [syudad], aire [aire], veinte [beinte], boina [boina] 2. instituto [instituto]
j	[X]	rojo
k	[to]	kiosko [kyosko]
l	[L]	sala [sala]
ll	[th]	calle [kaie]
m	[m]	música [music]
n	1. Usually [n] 2.Before p, b, v, m - [m] 3. Before k, g, j - ӈ	1. nada [on Da], once [onse] 2. un poco [umpoko], un balcón [umbalkon] 3.cinco [siӈko], lengua [Leӈguўa], un jardín [uӈhardin]
ñ	[N]	año [ano]
o	[about]	todo [toDo]
p	[P]	para [pair]
qu	[to]	queso [keso], aquí [aki]
r	1. At the beginning of a word, after n, l and s - [P] 2. In other cases - [p]	1. rosa [Dew], sonrísa [Risa's dream], alrededor [alReDeDor], desrizar [dezRisar] 2.comprender [comprender]
rr	R	torre [toRe]
s	1. Before voiced consonants like [h] 2. In other cases [s]	1. desde [dezde], los gatos [loz Gatos] 2. sala [saLa], mesa [mesa]
t	[t]	teatro [teatro]
u	1.before a, e, i, o and after a, e, o - [ў] 2. In other cases - [y]	1. agua [а́Гўа], bueno [beno], ruido [Rўido], cuota [kota], fauna [fauna], Europa [europa], COU [koў], 2.luna [moon]
v	same as b	vaca [tank], lavar [LaBar]
x	1. Between vowels "ks" 2. before consonants "with"	1.examen [examen] 2. texto [testo]
y	th	yerro [yeRo], voy [battle]
z	Similar to s. In the north of Spain, it is pronounced like the th in the English word thick.	voz [bos], zapatos [zapatos].

Letters b and v

The letters b and v represent enough interesting case in Spanish. Their peculiarity lies in the fact that this is actually the same letter. Both b and v are pronounced the same, and both can express both the sound [b] and the sound [ b]. In one case, b and v are pronounced as a plosive [b], and in another case, as a fricative [ b]. Everything will depend on their position in the word and sentence. What is required of us is to remember these cases.

1. Explosive [b]

The letters b and v are pronounced as explosive [b] when b or v is at the beginning of a word, at the beginning of a phrase, after a pause, and after the letters m and n. Explosive [b] is exactly the same sound as Russian b (gasoline, furniture).

For example: beso, un beso, vaca, un vaso, también, vino.

Comments: 1) beso - kiss. The first letter is pronounced like [b], as it is at the beginning of a word; 2) un beso - a kiss. The letter b reads like [b] because it is preceded by the letter n : unbeso; 3) vaca - a cow. The first letter is read as [b], as it stands at the absolute beginning. Correct to say: tank; 4) un vaso - a glass. The letter v reads like [b] because it is preceded by the letter n : unbaso; 5) tambien - too. The letter b is in the middle of the word, but there is a letter m before it, so it is a plosive sound [b] ; 6) wine - wine. read bino. The case is the same as with the word vaca.

Note that even if one word ends with m or n and the other starts with b or v , the explosive [b] will still be pronounced: u n b eso[unbeso], u n v aso[unbaso]. These letters do not have to occur in the same word.

Try to get used to the fact that v is pronounced the same as b. Don't pronounce the word vaca like in aka, and the word wine as in foreign. At the beginning of a phrase, these words will sound like b aka and b ino.

2. fricative [b]

The letters b and v are pronounced as a fricative [ b], when they are in the middle of a word or phrase, are in the flow of speech, and when there are no pauses and letters m and n in front of them. fricative [ b] pronounced almost like the English W (w ell), only the lips are not rounded into a tube. In order to do this correctly, you need to pronounce normal sound b and leave a small gap between the lips so that the air passes unhindered - it will turn out [ b]. This is the fricative.

For example: libro, una vaca, vivo

Comments: 1) libro - a book. The letter b is in the middle of the word, and there are no letters m and n before it. The word is read as liwro; 2) una vaca - a cow. The letter v, although it is at the beginning of the word, is preceded by the article una. This is already considered a stream of speech. If you say una vaca without pauses, you should get - unawaka; 3) vivo - I live; the first v is read as a plosive b because it is at the absolute beginning. The second letter v is pronounced as a fricative w: biwo. Do not say: bibo or vivo .

As you can see, there are times when one word can be read differently in different cases:
vaca - una vaca, ventana - la ventana, bien - muy bien.

Try not to pronounce the Russian sound [in]. When we say "v" in Russian (Volga, yes, that's right), we put our lower lip against our upper teeth. A Spanish fricative [ b] pronounced with only the lips. Also, don't liken Spanish to English - don't think that if you write v , then we should speak in .
You can take the letters b and v for one. Historically, it has happened that in some word it is written b, and in some it is written v. By the sound of the word, it is impossible to determine which of these letters should be written. For example, if there was a word b aca, then it would sound the same as v aca, or v ien would sound like b ien. With what letter the word is written, you just need to remember. Here is the correct spelling of these words: vaca and bien.

It happens, of course, that illiterate Spaniards themselves confuse these two letters, and write vien instead of bien. But we must learn to write correctly and we will not take an example from the illiterate;)

You can read more about plosives and fricatives here.

1. Explosive [b]

beso , vaca , vaso , vino , blanco , verde , bolso , bastante , bajo , viejo , boca , bar , vale , verano , bien , bonito , bueno , ventana , bolígrafo , viernes , barato , visa , bota , blusa , vestido , bailar, ver, banco, también, hombre, nombre, bomba, alfombra, sombrero, Colombia, un beso, un vaso, un bar, invierno, tranvía.

2. Fricative [ b ]

libro , Pablo , sobre , pobre , nuevo , nueve , Cuba , cubano , tabaco , abogado , sábado , posible , Isabel , teléfono móvil , problema , nevera , abrir , hablar , abrigo , impermeable , debajo , escribir , habitación , por , revista favor, estoy bien, muy bien, hasta la vista, ¡qué va!

3. In different positions

vivir, vives, vivo, beber, verbo, vaca blanca, también vivo en Brasil, bien-muy bien, vino barato, sombrero bonito.

The Spanish letter d has three different pronunciations. It can also be plosive and fricative, but also something else. Now let's talk about everything in more detail and analyze each of the three cases.

1. Explosive [d]

The explosive [d] is pronounced exactly like the Russian "d". In Spanish, this sound occurs when: the letter d is at the absolute beginning (the beginning of a word or phrase), after a pause and after the letters l and n.

For example: donde, dinero, espalda.

Comments: 1) donde - where. Both letters d are read as an explosive sound. The first is at the beginning, and the second after the letter n; 2) dinero - money. The letter d is at the beginning of a word; 3) espalda - back. Although the letter d is in the middle of the word, the letter l comes before it, so there will be an explosive d.

2. fricative [d]

The letter d is read as a fricative [ d] in the middle of a word and flow of speech, when there are no pauses and letters l and n before it. fricative [ d] pronounced the same as if we wanted to pronounce the usual sound d, but only leaving a small gap between the tongue and the upper teeth. Try to pronounce the usual sound d, but so that the tongue barely touches anything. It reminds English sound th in the or then words. We will denote this sound with a crossed out d.

For example: cuaderno, radio, una dama.

Comments: 1) cuaderno - notebook. The letter d is pronounced as a fricative d because it is in the middle of a word between vowels; 2) radio - radio. The letter d also stands between vowels; 3) una dama - a lady. The letter d is in the flow of speech, as it is preceded by the article una. Both words are spoken in the same stream.

3. Stunned fricative [ d ]

The third case of sounding the letter d occurs only when the letter d is at the end of the word. In this case, it will express the stunned fricative [ d]. We will denote it as a reduced fricative symbol d . This sound resembles the English voiceless interdental sound th in the word thanks, but only more weakened. It can be so weakened that it even becomes barely audible or not audible at all.

For example: pared, ciudad, Madrid, Usted.

There are Spaniards who pronounce these words simply as: paré, ciudá, Madrí, Usté.
We remind you once again that the stunned [ d] pronounced only when the letter d is at the very end of the word.

There are many cases when one word in different positions can be pronounced differently:
donde-de donde, pared-paredes.

In the word pare d es the letter d is no longer at the end, so it will be pronounced like a regular fricative [ d].

Listen and read the words after the speaker, paying attention to the correct pronunciation. Try to explain each use of plosives and fricatives.

1. Explosive [d]

da , de , di , do , du , día , don , dos , dama , drama , domingo , dormir , dormitorio , dentro , deporte , director , dinero , disco , discoteca , donde , falda , espalda , fondo , lindo , grande , bufanda, sandalias, tienda, no entiendo.

2. Fricative [d]

cada , nada , Prado , todo , vida , avenida , moneda , abogado , médico , ovalado , cuadro , cuaderno , cuadrado , ordenador , rosado , anaranjado , madera , cómodo , incómodo , verde , tarde , Pedro , gordo , perdón , estudiante, estudiar, radio, adiós, una dama, Museo del Prado, Canadá, Estados Unidos de América.

3. Stunned fricative [ d ]

pared , Usted , Madrid , edad , universidad , ciudad , bondad , facultad , verdad , nacionalidad , juventud .

4. In different positions

delgado, bandido, verdad, verdadero, edad, soledad, demasiado, oscuridad, redondo, día-buenos días, donde-de donde, delante de, al lado de, ducha-una ducha.

Abecedario. Alphabet

When learning any language, one must start with the alphabet. First of all, you need to know the letters and sounds that make up the Spanish language. Also, the alphabet is important for the correct use of the dictionary.
So, in Spanish there are 26 letters (of the bottom 5 vowels; two consonants are transmitted by letter combinations "ch" and "ll"; the letter "h" is never read).

Read the Spanish alphabet and learn the names of all the letters.

Printed letters

letter names

Printed letters

letter names

A a

c c

Chch

D d

e e

F f

G g

H h

I i

l l

Llll

a (a)

be (be)

ce (se)

che (che)

de (de)

e (e)

efe (efe)

ge (heh)

ache (ache)

i(s)

jota (jota)

ca (ka)

ele (ele)

elle (hey)

M m

N n

Ñ ñ

O o

Q q

R r

S s

T t

U u

X x

Y y

eme (eme)

ene (ene)

eñe (enye)

o (o)

pe (pe)

cu (ku)

ere (ere); erre (erre)

ese (ese)

te (those)

u (y)

uve (uve)

equis (equis)

i griega (and griega)

ceta (set)

Vowels a, e, i, o, u

Vowels a, e, i, o, u are pronounced almost the same as the corresponding Russian sounds a, uh, and, oh, u. The only difference is that the Spanish letter e, in fact, is pronounced as something between the Russian "e" and "e". In transcription, we will denote it as [e].

In Spanish, words are pronounced in much the same way as they are spelled. Vowels " o" and " e" never not pronounced like " a" and " i", as, for example, in Russian ( about kno, with about tank). reading the word "s o mbrer o" , the Spaniard will never say "with a mbrere a", he will definitely say "with about mbrere about". This is the first pronunciation rule you need to remember: vowels a, e, i, o, u always read as a, uh, and, oh, u, there are no other pronunciations of these letters.

one more important point one thing to watch out for is that consonants don't soften before vowels" e" and " i", in contrast to the Russian language: , etc., in which case the sounds t, d remain firm and are not pronounced as soft t, d.

As an example, let's take the word "discoteca", which in Russian is pronounced and translated in a similar way. When a Russian person pronounces the word "disco", the sound " d"gets soft" d"and sound" t"also comes out soft" be". The Spaniard, on the other hand, leaves the sounds "d" and "t" solid, and it turns out something like "dyskoteka".

Here's a tongue twister that you try to reprimand correctly

Trabalengua s(patter): El tioTimoteo Tieneuna tienda(translation: Uncle Timoteo has a store)

Pronunciation exercises

Read the words paying attention to the correct pronunciation

ma , me , mi , mo , mu , mano , mapa , cama , dama , drama , mamá , malo , mal , marca , martes , goma , pluma , Dinamarca , problema , sistema , María , camarero , más o menos , mesa , América, metro, metal, minuto, camisa, miércoles, como, moto, amor, te amo, mucho, muy, muy mal, muy bien

na, ne, ni, no, nu, un, una, uno, luna, Ana, Anita, bonito, bonita, semana, ventana, enero, dinero, lunes, negro, peine, nevera, sano, mano, sino, bueno, italiano , peruano , noche , nosotros , temprano , monótono , son , con , limón , salón , cartón , rincón , banco , blanco , número , nunca , Norteamérica , Panamá , tanto , planta , pantalón , bien , tambijaén , congona , gonna domingo

pa , pe , pi , po , pu , papá , para , mapa , copa , tapa , apartamento , ¿qué pasa? , papel , Pepe , pelo , pero , Perú , espejo , peine , perfecto , apetito , pino , pepino , piloto , pintor , por , ¿por qué? , punto , puerta , pronto

la, le, li, lo, lu, los, las, hola , Lola , lápiz , blanco , lámpara , sala , lana , largo , claro , clase , catalán , planeta , él , pelo , tele , Elena , lengua , letra , maleta , leer , limón , sólo , malo , color , calor , suelo , Polonia , libro , lindo , litro , boli , bolígrafo , Lima , luna , alumno , bolso , alto , mil , mal , tal , papel , oval , postal , Manuel , manual , sol , gol , fútbol , cristal , fatal , azul , material , español , Brasil , Portugal , teléfono móvil

ta , te , ti , to , tu , tal , ¿qué tal? , metal, cristal, planeta, patata, hasta, taxista, estante, cantante, té, tele, teléfono, tema, sistema, discoteca, techo, tren, letra, otro, teatro, suerte, martes, material, cartera, interesante, transparente , tomate , tipo , tío , cortina , latino , América Latina , tiempo , tienda , entiendo , plástico , tortita , foto , moto , esto , tanto , bonito , secreto , corto , pronto , ¿y tú? , turista , tunel , atún

fa , fe , fi , fo , fu , fama , falso , falda , gafas , sofá , bufanda , flaco , flor , frase , café , feo , Felipe , profesor , profesión , efecto , perfecto , chófer , fin , final , Filipinas , frigorífico, fiesta, foto, fondo, forma, alfombra, teléfono, fútbol

Some interesting materials on pronunciation and other aspects of the Spanish language can be found on a friendly site dedicated to the study of various foreign languages Englishonlinefree.ru

The Spanish alphabet today consists of twenty-seven letters, each representing phonemes: a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l, m, n, ñ, o, p, q , r, s, t, u, v, w, x, y, z. It would be appropriate to note that the phoneme, translated from the Greek language means "sound" (sonido), is the smallest unit of the language. A phoneme has no independent lexical or grammatical meaning.

In the Spanish alphabet, there are 5 vowels (letras vocales) - “i”, “e”, “a”, “o”, “u”, the remaining 22 consonants (letras consonantes). All the letters of the Spanish alphabet are feminine and therefore used with the corresponding feminine article “la”, for example la “h” [la ache].

In Spanish, there are also digraphs - compound written characters consisting of two letters, they are used to designate phonemes in writing. Digraphs are not integral part alphabet (abecedario). In Spanish, the following phonemes are digraphs: "ch", "ll", "gu", "qu" and "rr". Interestingly, the phonemes "ch" and "ll" were an integral part of the Spanish alphabet (abecedario) until the end of 2010, being unique phonemes of the Spanish language, and in this they differ from other digraphs, such as "qu" - which is written can be represented by the letter "c" (before the vowels "a", "o", "u") and "k".

The exclusion of the digraphs "ch" and "ll" from the alphabet (abecedario) of the Spanish language does not at all mean that these phonemes have disappeared from the written and spoken forms of the Spanish language system. These signs continue to be used as digraphs in writing in Spanish, representing the following phonemes:

“ch” conveys the phoneme “h” - chico [chico] - boy;

"ll" conveys the phoneme "th" - calle [káye] - street.

It should be remembered that in any alphabetical arrangement of words (dictionaries, indexes, lists) "ch" and "ll" will be included in the alphabetical order of the letters "C" and "L".

Digraphs (dígrafos) "gu", "qu", "rr"

"gu": Digraph (dígrafo) is pronounced as voiced "g" before the vowels "e", "i", the sound "u" is not pronounced: guerra (war) is pronounced [guerra], aguijón (sting) is pronounced.

"qu": Digraph (dígrafo) is pronounced as "k" before the vowel "u", but "u" is not pronounced in these cases: queso (cheese) [keso], esquina (angle) [eskina].

"rr": The digraph (dígrafo) pronounced as "rr" is called doble erre (double "r"). Used to convey the vibrating sound "pp": carro (wagon), terreno (plot of land), arriba (up).

The name of the letters of the Spanish alphabet

"A, a": The first letter of the Spanish alphabet, and in international Latin order, is a vowel. La ”a” is pronounced [a] (in Spanish, the article is placed before nouns). In plural(plural) - las aes [aes].

Azafran - saffron (spice)

Ajo - garlic

Abedul - birch

Agua de mayo, pan para todo el año. (A good rain in May will provide nourishment for the whole year.)

“B, b”: the second letter of the Spanish alphabet and in international Latin order. La ”be” in Spanish is pronounced [be]. In the plural (plural) - las "bes" [bes].

Begonia - begonia (flower, maybe a female proper name)

Bergamota - bergamot (plant)

Berberis - barberry (plant)

Boda en mayo, ¡que fallo! (Wedding in May: what a blunder!)

“C, c”: The third letter of the Spanish alphabet and in international Latin order. La ”ce” in Spanish is pronounced [se]. In the plural (plural) - las "ces" [ses].

Calendula - calendula (flower)

Cardo - thistle (plant)

Cala - kala (flower).

Come poco y cena temprano si quieres llegar a anciano. (Eat little and eat early if you want to live to a ripe old age.)

“D, d”: the fourth letter of the Spanish alphabet and in international Latin order. La ”de” in Spanish is pronounced [de]. In the plural (plural) - las "des" [des].

Delfines - dolphins

Dálmata - Dalmatian (dog breed)

Danza - dance

Desayunar como un rey, comer como un principe y cenar como un mendigo. (Eat breakfast like kings, dine like princes, and dine like beggars.

“E, e”: the fifth letter of the Spanish alphabet and in international Latin order. La ”e” in Spanish is pronounced [e]. In the plural (plural) - las "es" [es].

Empleo - work (employment)

Erizo - hedgehog

Espejo - mirror

El buen vino alegra el ojo, limpia el diente y sana el vientre. (Good wine gladdens the eye, cleanses the teeth and stomach.)

“F, f”: the sixth letter of the Spanish alphabet and in international Latin order. La ”efe” is pronounced [efe] in Spanish. In the plural (plural) - las "efes" [efes].

Febrero - February

Fama - fame, fame

Frutas - fruits

Febrero, el corto, el peor de todos. (February is a short month, but of all the months it is the most disgusting.)

“G, g”: the seventh letter of the Spanish alphabet and in international Latin order. La ”ge” in Spanish is pronounced [he]. In the plural (plural) - las "ges" [hes].

Geranium - geranium (flower)

Garage - garage

Genio - genius

Gota a gota, el océano se agota. (Drop by drop, and the ocean can be exhausted.)

“H, h”: The eighth letter of the Spanish alphabet and in International Latin order. La ”hache” is pronounced [hache] in Spanish. In the plural (plural) - las "haches" [aches]. In Spanish, this is a mute consonant, i.e. it is not pronounced.

Hoja - leaf (of wood or paper)

¡Hola! - hello (greeting)

Hasta el fin de la historia nadie cante victoria. (Until the case is over, no one celebrates the victory).

“I, i”: the ninth letter of the Spanish alphabet and in international Latin order. La ”i” in Spanish is pronounced [and]. In the plural (plural) - las "íes" [ies]. In addition, it should be noted that there is la ”i” Latin, different from ”y” (→ у [u]), which is traditionally called ”i” Greek: igriega (i griega).

idea - idea

initial

Iglesia is a church.

Irse de la lengua. (blabber out)

“J, j”: The tenth letter of the Spanish alphabet and in International Latin order. La ”jota” is pronounced [jota] in Spanish. In the plural (plural) - las "jotas" [hotas].

Jabon - soap

Joyero - jeweler

Jungla - jungle

Jamas digas: nunca jamas. (Never say never)

“K, k”: the eleventh letter of the Spanish alphabet and in international Latin order. La ”ka” is pronounced [ka] in Spanish. In the plural (plural) - las "kas" [kas].

Kilometraje - mileage (mileage)

Kilogramo - kilogram

Kilo de más, kilo de menos, nos encontramos de como comemos. (A kilogram plus, a kilogram minus, we feel the way (from what) we eat.)

“L, l”: the twelfth letter of the Spanish alphabet and in international Latin order. La ”ele” is pronounced [ele] in Spanish. In the plural (plural) - las "eles" [eles].

Laurel - bay leaf

Lavandula - lavender

Lilas - lilac.

La ausencia causa olvido. (Out of sight, out of mind.)

“M, m”: the thirteenth letter of the Spanish alphabet and in international Latin order. La ”eme” is pronounced [eme] in Spanish. In the plural (plural) - las "emes" [emes].

Mariscos - seafood

Mar - sea

Mariposa - butterfly

Más fresca que una lechuga. (Too sly.)

“N, n”: The fourteenth letter of the Spanish alphabet and in international Latin order. La ”ene” is pronounced [ene] in Spanish. In the plural (plural) - las "enes" [enes].

Nacar - mother-of-pearl

Nube - cloud

Norte - north

Nadie da lo que no tiene. (No one can give what they don't have.)

“Ñ, ñ”: the fifteenth letter of the Spanish alphabet, and which does not exist in the international Latin alphabet. La ”eñe” is pronounced [enye] in Spanish. In the plural (plural) - las "eñes" [enies].

Ñ - words that begin with this letter practically do not exist in Spanish, those that can be found refer to variants of Spanish in Latin America. And educated under the influence of Aboriginal languages.

“O, o”: the sixteenth letter of the Spanish alphabet and the fifteenth in international Latin order. La ”o” in Spanish is pronounced [o]. In the plural (plural) - las "oes" [oes].

Obrero - working

Olor - smell

Octavo - eighth

Oye el gallo cantar y no sabe en qué corral. (He hears that a rooster is singing, but does not know in which barn. In Spanish it corresponds: Heard a ringing, but does not know where he is.)

“P, p”: the seventeenth letter of the Spanish alphabet and the sixteenth in international Latin order. La ”p” in Spanish is pronounced [pe]. In the plural (plural) - las "pes" [pes].

Perejil - parsley

Paloma - dove

pajaro - bird

Palabra o piedra suelta, no tiene vuelta. (A word or a fallen stone does not return back. In Spanish it corresponds: The word is not a sparrow, you won’t catch it flying out.)

“Q, q”: the eighteenth letter of the Spanish alphabet and the seventeenth in international Latin order. La ”cu” is pronounced [ku] in Spanish. In the plural (plural) - las "cus" [kus].

Queso - cheese

Quinto - fifth

Quimica - chemistry

¿Qué mosca te ha picado? (Which mosquito bit you?)

“R, r”: the nineteenth letter of the Spanish alphabet and the eighteenth in international Latin order. La ”erre” is pronounced [erre] in Spanish. In the plural (plural) - las "erres" [erres].

Rana - frog

Rostro - face

Ricos - rich

Rey nuevo, ley nueva. (new king, new law. In Spanish, it corresponds to: Each bird sings in its own way.)

“S, s”: the twentieth letter of the Spanish alphabet and the nineteenth in international Latin order. La ”ese” is pronounced [ese] in Spanish. In the plural (plural) - las "eses" [eses].

Sol - the sun

sofa

Saber es poder. (To know is to be able.)

“T, t”: The twenty-first letter of the Spanish alphabet and the twentieth in international Latin order. La ”te” is pronounced [te] in Spanish. In the plural (plural) - las "tes" [tes].

Tauro - Taurus (zodiac sign)

Timido - shy

Tiburon - shark

Tal para cual. (Which one walked, he met this one.)

“U, u”: the twenty-second letter of the Spanish alphabet and the twenty-first in the order of the international Latin alphabet. La ”u” in Spanish is pronounced [y]. In the plural (plural) - las "úes" [wes].

Universo - Universe

Unicornio - unicorn

Uniforme - uniform, uniform

Un clavo saca otro clavo. (Fight fire with fire.)

“V, v”: the twenty-third letter of the Spanish alphabet and the twenty-second in international Latin order. La ”uve” is pronounced [uve] in Spanish. In the plural (plural) - las "úves" [uves].

Vaca - cow

Vino - wine

Vuelo - flight

Ver la paja en el ojo ajeno y no una viga en el propio. (Seeing a sliver in someone else's eye, and not seeing a log in your own.)

“W, w”: the twenty-fourth letter of the Spanish alphabet and the twenty-third in international Latin order. La ”uve doble” is pronounced [uve doble] in Spanish. In the plural (plural) - las "dobles ves" [dobles ves].

Web pagina - website

Washington — Washington

Web página - Web page (Site)

“X, x”: the twenty-fifth letter of the Spanish alphabet and the twenty-fourth in international Latin order. La ”equis” is pronounced [ekis] in Spanish. In the plural (plural) - las "equis" [ekis].

xenophobia - xenophobia

X rayos - x-rays

Xena: la princesa guerrera. Xena is a warrior princess.

“Y, y”: The twenty-sixth letter of the Spanish alphabet and the twenty-fifth in international Latin order. La ”i griega” is pronounced [griega] in Spanish. In the plural (plural) - las "griegas" [griegas].

Yegua - mare

Yedra - ivy

Yema del huevo - egg yolk

Ya que el agua no va al molino, vaya el molino al agua. (If the water does not go to the miller, let the miller go to the water. In Spanish it corresponds: If the mountain does not go to Magomed, let Magomed go to the mountain.)

“Z, z”: The twenty-seventh letter of the Spanish alphabet, the last one, and the twenty-sixth in the international Latin order. La ”zeta” in Russian is pronounced [zeta]. In the plural (plural) - las "zeta" [zeta].

Zanahoria - carrots

Zumbidos (en los oídos) - ringing (in the ears)

Zapatos - shoes

Zamora no se gano en una hora. (Samora was not conquered in one hour. In Russian, it corresponds to: Moscow was not built immediately.)