What changes can occur in schools in the new year? Minister Vasilyeva's class Position of the new school new standards.
The New Year for parents and teachers will be, in my opinion, a turning point in the ratio of formal and non-formal education. Why? One of the reasons is a sharp increase in the motivation for self-education among children and adults. This is, first of all, a side effect of the "pandemonium" that politicians staged around domestic education.
The furious criticism of the Russian school, the negative mythology of the results of improving general education, the derogatory interpretation of liberal pedagogy, the glorification of the “destroyed Soviet school” and calls to return it - all this made parents, and many students, look to the side.
If the school is as bad as they say and write about it, and hardly anyone in their right mind and memory wants to teach their children in a "Soviet" school, then what is there besides?
Another reason for leaving for non-formal general education: both children and adults are becoming more and more convinced that, due to formal restrictions, the school is starting to lag behind those opportunities that are, as they say, in the public domain.
For high-quality modern education, the school must be flexible. Not only for students to be aware of new discoveries, works, technologies and, in general, changes. But also in order to give students ways to deal with these changes, the skills to use new opportunities, to develop the ability to realize themselves in new circumstances. But the organizational structure of the school is too archaic to provide the child with such a result. It is still an institution where employees are subject to the golden rule: "No initiative!".
The golden time of innovative search has passed, the last surge was within the framework of the priority national project "Education" in the mid-2000s. Today the author's school is not honored. Federal educational standards are declared "empty". Probably because they do not contain educational material, thematic planning and results as a list of learned information. Although it is precisely such open standards that are the most modern way to manage the content of education in the context of a variety of educational resources.
So, overregulation of the school and as a result - the fetish of inspections, supervision and reporting. The Office has chosen to tighten the basic methodology of quality management. It is believed that children will learn better, know and be able to do more, be more prepared for life in an uncertain future, if they are systematically arranged for tests. It is believed that the school will work better if it is constantly checked. And teachers will be more motivated if they write detailed reports for each step.
I think it is very important to pay attention to this trend: it is not only that children will soon not have enough time to attend school (how can one not recall the classic Huckleberry Finn expression: “And no school will prevent me from getting an education!”).
If the persecution of the school in the media, in political technology projects, in the PR campaigns of politicians and the endless furious criticism of marginal activists continues at the same pace, in the public mind the school will rapidly turn into an unnecessary compulsory quitrent, and families will look for the necessary educational resources not at school.
The efforts of the state and the professional community to modernize, undertaken in the mid-2000s, are beginning to yield results - this can be seen from the international studies of PISA and others, by the growth of the material base, the wage fund, despite the difficult financial situation in the country. But the mediocre bureaucracy of the previous Ministry of Education, which generated a powerful conservative departmental reaction, squandered the huge potential of the priority project "Education" and sharply reduced the main resource of teachers - motivation. The mechanical authoritarianism of the Lebanese Ministry of Education actually crushed the sprouts of initiative and independence in the teaching environment, turned school principals into overseers for the implementation of indicators, regional ministers into those who oversee reports and inspections, and the indicators themselves into a fetish, the meaning and value of which is much more important than any pedagogy and education.
And we came to the conclusion that at the end of 2016, two negative trends converged at the school. This is a suffocating administrative-command pressure from within the system: checks, reports, a paper shaft, meaningless activities, control work without end and without edge, indicators, indicators, indicators ...
And artificially created negative mythology about "the collapse of the school and the need to return to the Soviet school."
There is no collapse at all: the school today is one of the few institutions that works with high efficiency.
Look at medicine, look at transport, look at the security system, look at our roads, look at agriculture and compare with school. Well, of course, in every complex system, emergencies and failures happen. Every family has its black sheep. But look: every more or less serious failure in the education system becomes instantly known to the whole country!
The school is the most open system in Russia. Violence against a child, arbitrariness of the director, requisitions, rudeness of the kindergarten teacher, not to mention violations on the exam - the school is shone through! And this is a very important result of improving the system - its transparency. But to use the increase in information about what is happening to destroy the sources of this information - to return the system to its original state? What nonsense. But how many political points you can get, how effectively you can build an election campaign, how you can quickly correct the flaws of the government leadership (“teachers, go into business!”) Or departments, what popularity among the masses can be quickly gained by supporting the mythology of collapse and playing on nostalgia.
But the price of such a simple solution - strengthening the administrative-command regulation and discrediting the efforts of the state and the community to improve the school - is a drop in the motivation of students, teachers and parents. No one will want to teach and learn for the sake of test papers. And in the attitude of parents and children to the search for non-school educational resources.
In a certain sense, this is good. The market of additional educational services will actively develop. It's already growing. Interesting projects for the development of children, summer and winter schools, competitions, olympiads, language, mathematics, creative programs of universities, financial literacy, philological schools, clubs, planetariums, zoos, technoparks - you can’t list everything.
Children's development corners are in every major shopping mall today, not to mention movie theaters and bookstores.
In addition to the school, there are a huge number of opportunities - both the so-called additional education, and network resources. Educational “offers” are countless. Studying outside of school is becoming not only fashionable and cool.
Every day, parents, students and teachers learn about new approaches to learning and development, new methods, systems, schools, networks.
And no one is frightened by the fact that some approaches contradict others, that it is impossible even mentally to bring all the proposals into a “single educational system”. It doesn’t scare, because more and more parents are striving to develop in their child that special, unique thing that is in it from the very beginning.
Self-realization of the child, interest, motivation, collective creative activity, development of the ability to cooperate and encouragement of success attract parents more than a rigid attitude to control over academic performance and check the results of learning programs.
Attempts to maintain administrative control over open resources, developer initiative, parental demand for individualized education, the desire of teachers to break out of the routine restrictions of "educational institutions" (in the broad sense of the word), and, finally, the inquisitiveness of students - only push the most motivated out of the formal education system.
The system can respond by creating educational complexes: Moscow has gone this way, and we see what difficulties have manifested themselves when the system pulls itself out of the swamp, trying to be reborn from within. But families, parents and children need to learn today, they do not care about the difficulties of administrative structures. Therefore, I foresee an explosion of non-formal education, a justified desire of the parent community for self-organization, for the expansion of family education, club forms, and network educational programs.
But then the state will have to direct taxpayers' funds to compensate for this choice of parents. Because they will expect to receive general, and not additional education at the expense of informal resources. And no one wants to pay twice. Yes, this is unfair! And the price of blind departmental authoritarianism and the populist mythology of "destruction" will increase many times over.
Quality system in education in 2017
The new Minister of Education outlined the priority areas of her work for 2017. They will touch upon the improvement of the Unified State Examination, support for inclusive education, social protection of educational workers and many other important issues. And today we propose to consider in more detail the most significant innovations from those that have already been announced by the relevant department.First of all, we note that Russian education next year will have impressive funding. Olga Vasilyeva emphasized this more than once in her interviews, so I would like to believe that support for existing programs and the introduction of innovations will be fully provided.
Additional education
In 2017, close attention is planned to be paid to additional education. Particular emphasis will be placed on technical and natural science programs. The number of children involved in these programs should double in 2017-2018. It is expected that by 2020 it will be possible to attract 75% of students to additional education. The number of sections and circles in educational institutions will become as diverse as possible. According to O. Vasilyeva, the ideal option is the presence of at least five free circles in each school.
Many schools will have children's choirs. Such plans were announced by the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation, at the suggestion of which educational institutions will be able to officially hire choir leaders and accompanists. In the meantime, on the basis of pedagogical universities, courses will be held that will help future teachers learn how to motivate children to be passionate about music.
On the basis of additional education centers, it is planned to create children's technology parks. This was promised by D. Medvedev at the end of November 2016. The purpose of creating technology parks is to provide children with great opportunities for creativity, sports, art and music.
What to expect from the USE-2017?
The previous experience of conducting the Unified State Examination prompted the Ministry of Education and Science to resort to some innovations that can be introduced as early as 2017.
The most frustrating change for many graduates is the third required subject. Most likely it will be history. The Ministry of Education has long been saying that today's schoolchildren's knowledge of various historical events leaves much to be desired, and it is logical to assume that the situation can be corrected with the help of the USE. Foreign language, social studies and physics, although less likely, are also considered as "candidates" for appearing in the list of mandatory exams.
As a consolation to the graduates of 2017, we can say that there is reason to believe that this time everything will work out, and the idea of \u200b\u200bwith three compulsory subjects will be postponed until 2018.
More pleasant is the news that USE-2017 participants have the right to retake one of the required subjects in an additional period established by the unified schedule.
Another important change concerns the emergence of a single assessment scale. This means that the results of the exam will affect the grades in the certificate. For example, if you pass the state exam in the Russian language with a C, then in combination with the annual five, a four will go to the certificate.
It is planned to completely remove the test component of the exam. Emphasis will be placed on creative tasks and surveys.
By the way, Crimean graduates can still enter Crimean universities on the basis of the average score of the certificate and entrance exams. Although the exam can be passed at will, if a Crimean wants to enter one of the universities of the mainland of the Russian Federation.
New subjects in schools
From September 1, 2017, it is likely that new subjects will appear in school timetables. We can talk about astronomy and the sensational discipline "Fundamentals of Religious Cultures and Secular Ethics", which should cultivate respect for religions and nationalities (we emphasize that this subject will be optional, and, therefore, the consent of parents and the school will be required to conduct it).
It is known for sure that students of the fifth - ninth grades will study a new interesting subject called "Robotics". Starting from the 2017/2018 school year, schools will gradually begin to be equipped with 3D printers, with which such lessons will become even more interesting.
Inclusive education in 2017
The introduction of a new standard for teaching children with disabilities will continue. Now parents will be able to choose in which school their special child will study: in a specialized or regular.
At the same time, all schools should have an accessible environment and the necessary provision for children with disabilities, from ramps to special textbooks in Braille.
There will also be special requirements for teachers. In particular, only teachers who know how to work with them will be allowed to teach children with disabilities.
Psychological service
There is a catastrophic shortage of psychologists in Russian schools! This statement was made by the Minister of Education, and immediately reassured the public, promising that in 2017 this problem would begin to be addressed. In particular, it is planned to increase the wages of psychologists and provide more state-funded places to applicants who wish to master this profession.
Expert review of textbooks
Until March 2017, an examination of all textbooks used in Russian schools will be carried out to ensure that their content complies with scientific, pedagogical, social and ethno-cultural norms. The Russian Academy of Sciences will be involved in this event.
Benefits for medalists when entering a university
Not so long ago, Rosobrnadzor allowed the possibility of returning benefits for holders of gold medals when enrolling in universities. But for this, a mechanism for objective assessment of students should be developed. That is, the medal should really be evidence of the high level of knowledge of the applicant, and not the desire of the school to declare itself as a "forge" of medalists.
All-Russian verification work
Another interesting innovation is the All-Russian test work in five non-basic subjects for eleventh graders. So far, such events will definitely be held in Moscow schools, but the participation of educational institutions in other cities is not ruled out. You should not be especially worried about this, since for now everything will be carried out as part of the experiment, and therefore the results of the VPR will not affect the estimates.
First shift training
Gradually, Russian schools will switch to teaching in only one shift - from morning to afternoon. Experts insist that second shift training is a big burden on the child's body and a factor that disrupts the daily routine.
Electronic textbooks
2017 will not be without technological innovations. We are talking about electronic textbooks, which will appear in all schools in the country. Their content will correspond to paper counterparts, but with additional multimedia accompaniment.
So, in 2017, participants in the educational process need to prepare for such innovations as:
Comprehensive development of additional education;
Changes in the Unified State Examination: a third compulsory subject is possible, the rejection of test items, the results of the exam will affect the grades in the certificate;
New subjects will appear in the school curriculum;
All textbooks will be reviewed;
Children with disabilities will be able to study in ordinary schools;
Working conditions for school psychologists will improve.
As part of the President's Address to the Federal Assembly, V. Putin spoke about the need to preserve the depth and fundamental nature of education. The coming year promises to live up to these words in many ways.
Changes in the education system in 2017
As promised, in 2017, students will write much more tests than in the past. All-Russian testing in various subjects are waiting for students in grades 4, 5, 10 and, most importantly, 11 grades. The sudden decision to organize five additional tests in subjects not included in the USE: history, biology, geography, chemistry and physics, caused panic among graduates, whose psyche was already undermined by preparation for a single exam. However, everything turned out to be not as scary as it looked at first.Firstly, it turned out that these control tests are not yet mandatory and are introduced by the decision of the school. And most importantly - what was most feared - their results will not affect the certificate. While the eleventh graders can breathe.
But students of the 4th grade of all schools will write All-Russian test papers on the Russian language, mathematics and the world around them. And for grade 5, VPRs are being introduced in the Russian language, mathematics, history and biology - this year they will be held in the testing mode, that is, also by the voluntary decision of the school. Demo versions of all controls are already available online.
Silence is not golden
Apparently, as promised, they will gradually leave the test system for assessing knowledge in some disciplines - exams in the humanities will receive an oral part in the near future. The exam was not touched this year: for a start, we decided to try on the GIA.
Already in 2017, some ninth-graders will take the Russian language orally as an experiment. Whether the Russian language exam will be arranged in the same way as it is now - a foreign one, where the oral part is taken using a computer, or whether the good old examiners will return, is still unknown. According to experts, the Unified State Exam in Russian Language and Literature in grade 11 can be supplemented with an oral form from 2019.
Psychology news
Last year, there were several high-profile and very sad events with teenage schoolchildren. As usual in such situations, everyone began to look for who is to blame. It turned out, for example, that not all Russian schools have a system of psychological support, and if there is, it is often incapacitated. This year, the work of school psychologists will be given special attention, their work will be reformed, and many functions will be changed. How this will end in practice is still unknown.
In addition, it became known that the Ministry of Health is preparing its own psychology course for schoolchildren as part of the OBZh. One of its tasks will be to teach children to resist manipulation by adults. A team of authors has already been selected to write textbooks. It is even supposed that 20 hours will be allotted for psychological education of schoolchildren: the lesson will be held once a week.
Work days
Last year, the Ministry of Education suddenly drew attention to the fact that the current student is deprived of labor education. He, unlike previous generations, does not wipe the desks from hooligan inscriptions and does not pick out the chewing gum from the floor, does not wash recreation and locker rooms on duty. It is still unknown whether this or that labor service will be introduced into the school without fail. But along the way, a real problem emerged: a teenager today, even with all the desire, has no opportunity to earn extra money - any activity of a 13-14-year-old person rests on the concept of "child labor", and it is prohibited in our country.
The State Duma Committee on Education and Science recommended that labor education and socially useful work be included in the programs for schools, and even amendments to the law “On Education in the Russian Federation”, the Labor and Civil Codes, which would remove some restrictions on the organization of labor education and simplify admission to work of minors. Experts suggest thinking about benefits for employers that give jobs to schoolchildren.
College instead of army
On January 1, 2017, a law came into force, according to which students of technical schools and colleges received a deferment from the army for the entire period of study without age restrictions. In the previous version of the law "On military duty and military service", the deferment was extended to students under the age of 20 years. That is, those who went to college or technical school after the 9th grade automatically fell under the deferment, but those who decided to get a vocational education after the 11th grade found themselves in a difficult situation. A young man graduates from school at the age of 17-18, with a duration of study at a technical school of three or four years in his last year, he turns at least 20 years old - that is, according to past legislation, the deferral from the army in this case did not work. Starting this year, all students of colleges and technical schools are exempted from the army.
Tasks of the education system for 2017
Tasks of the education system for 2017:Implementation of decrees of the President of the Russian Federation V.V. Putin, decisions of the meeting of the State Council on improving the system of general education;
- introduction and implementation of federal state educational standards for primary general education for students with disabilities and federal state educational standards for the education of students with mental retardation (intellectual disabilities);
- continuing to create conditions for improving the professional level of teachers, increasing the prestige of the teaching profession;
- implementation of the Federal program to promote the creation of new places in educational institutions;
- carrying out activities aimed at improving the quality of education, including the organization of comprehensive support for schools operating in difficult social conditions;
- creation of conditions for preschool education for children of early age;
- updating the content of general education;
- development of a network of educational organizations implementing innovative programs;
- implementation of measures to reduce the excessive reporting of teachers;
- introduction of a new format of the school library;
- creation of a regional segment of a unified federal interdepartmental system for accounting for the contingent of students in basic educational programs and additional general educational programs;
- participation in the competition of professional skills for people with disabilities "Abilimpics";
- implementation of the strategic initiative "A new model of the system of additional education for children" in the format of a children's technopark;
- implementation of the concept of additional education for children;
- implementation of a model for improving the psychological and pedagogical competence of teachers in the context of preparation for the introduction of professional standards;
- creation of special conditions for training personnel in the 50 most demanded and promising professions and specialties for the Altai Territory;
- development of the competitive movement, participation in the national championship "Young Professionals" within the framework of the "WorldSkills Russia" movement;
- creation of regional specialized centers of competence;
- increasing the efficiency of interaction between universities and other levels of education in the Altai Territory;
- improvement of the career guidance system.
Development in the education system in 2017
Minister of Education and Science of the Russian Federation Olga Vasilyeva spoke about the innovations that await Russian education in 2017. In particular, the head of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation noted changes in the State Academic Examination in the Russian language, all-Russian screening work in grades 11, as well as the implementation of the Strategy for Scientific and Technological Development of the Russian Federation.According to Olga Vasilyeva, there will not be so many changes in the field of education this year. In particular, the innovations will affect the GIA - the state final attestation in the Russian language in its oral part.
"In the fall, in some regions of the country, such an exam will already be held. We will see what format it will be. Somewhere there will be a commission exam, somewhere - as it is when passing a foreign language - on a computer," Olga Vasilyeva said in an interview with Nezavisimaya Gazeta ". - Then we will carry out analytical work and we will know how to develop this exam further. We are removing test tasks from the Unified State Exam in chemistry, biology and physics this year. As a result, the test part is excluded from all subjects except a foreign language. And this I think it's good."
The minister also said that this year, tests will be carried out in the 11th grade in all subjects that are not included in the exam.
"There is nothing new in this. Such work takes place every year. It's just that this year they will be for everyone on the same tasks and at the same time. My deep conviction is that test work should be mandatory in all subjects ... Practice, when they train one or two subjects at school, you need to stop. I studied at the school where all subjects were equally important," the minister added.
The head of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation noted that the results of the VPR in the Russian language among second-graders turned out to be disappointing: “We recently organized a Russian language test for children from the second grades in about 30 thousand Russian schools ... A very large percentage of children simply could not compose a proposal from the submitted by them a set of words. I am convinced that this should not be in our school. "
Another innovation concerns the points of implementation of the Strategy for Scientific and Technological Development of the Russian Federation, which was approved relatively recently.
The Ministry worked a lot on the strategy, which formulated the priorities for the development of science in the country. What is important for us is that the strategy does not, for example, have preferences for some individual industries, whether it be biology, physics or another subject area, the minister explained. - But there is a public order for research, which makes it possible for science to navigate itself, look for new ways, and give answers to the expectations of society that exist. It is very important. And this freedom is actually given to scientific organizations for the first time. There is still work to be done and work on the document, but what is already there deserves special attention.
The ministry also plans to continue working with the non-profit sector. “Without the involvement of public organizations, we will not be able to solve the tasks set. On January 23, the acceptance of applications for consideration of candidates to the Public Council under the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation begins. I invite everyone to take part in the discussion of candidates,” Olga Vasilyeva urged.
The state of the education system in 2017
The state-political and socio-economic transformations of the late 80s - early 90s had a significant impact on Russian education, allowing for the implementation of the academic autonomy of higher educational institutions, ensuring the diversity of educational institutions and the variability of educational programs, the development of a multinational Russian school and the non-state education sector . These processes are reflected and enshrined in the Law of the Russian Federation "On Education" and the Federal Law "On Higher and Postgraduate Vocational Education". However, the system-wide socio-economic crisis that occurred in the 1990s significantly slowed down positive changes. The state largely left education, which was forced to engage in self-survival, largely abstracting from the real needs of the country. In modern conditions, education can no longer remain in a state of internal isolation and self-sufficiency.The outdated and overloaded content of school education does not provide graduates of a general education school with fundamental knowledge, the most important components of the education standard of the coming century: mathematics and computer science (including the ability to search and select information), Russian and foreign languages, basic social and humanitarian disciplines (economics, history and law). ). Vocational education, in turn, is not yet able to adequately solve the problem of "staff shortage" due to new requirements for the level of qualifications of workers. At the same time, many graduates of vocational education institutions cannot find a job and make up their minds in modern economic life. In the context of the economic stratification of society, all these shortcomings of the education system were exacerbated by unequal access to quality education, depending on family income.
In the transitional period of its development, the country must solve its urgent social and economic problems not by saving on general education and vocational schools, but on the basis of its advanced development, which is considered as an investment in the future of the country, in which the state and society, enterprises and organizations participate, citizens are all interested in quality education.
In this regard, it is necessary to ensure a faster growth in education costs, a significant increase in wages for educators and more incentives for the quality and effectiveness of pedagogical work.
The investment attractiveness of education for investing funds of enterprises, organizations and citizens should be increased, the organizational and economic mechanisms operating in education should be modernized, which will increase the amount of extra-budgetary funds in education, as well as radically improve the use of these funds, directing them directly to educational institutions. In the context of the expected demographic decline, the number of students will decrease by almost one third, which creates a situational reserve for intra-system resource maneuvers in order to rationalize the network of general education institutions, support innovative schools and other "points of growth" in education.
Measures of state support for education will be combined with strengthening the role of state authorities and education management in ensuring, together with the public, a high and modern quality of work of educational institutions and organizations, regardless of their organizational and legal forms, a systematic analysis of the future needs of labor markets.
At the end of August, all changes and innovations in the education system in 2018 will be officially published. Today, many of them are already known. Basically, the changes will affect the Unified State Examination, it is also planned to gradually introduce modern electronic technologies into education.
Disabled children - ordinary schools
In 2016, the law on the education of children with disabilities came into force. And already in the new 2017/2018 academic year, many disabled children will be educated in ordinary schools. For this purpose, special ramps, handrails, elevators and lifts were built in many secondary educational institutions. In order to help special children, a teaching aid with an enlarged font and other specialized equipment were purchased.
All teachers attended advanced training courses with special training, because in addition to training, their main task is to create a favorable environment for communication of "special" students with their peers.
OGE in 2018
Graduates of the 9th grade, as well as last year, will take exams in two compulsory subjects: Russian language and mathematics, and two according to their preferences. And if in 2016 only two mandatory exams influenced the grades in the certificate, then according to changes in school education, from 2018 all four exams will be taken into account. In addition, the final mark will be set according to the final results of the exams.
And by the 2018/2019 academic year, they plan to introduce two additional exams. As a result, students will have to prepare for six exams: two mandatory and four optional.
Innovations in the exam
In the new academic year, graduates of secondary educational institutions will not be given test tasks when passing the exam. This applies to such subjects as: chemistry, physics, biology. The biggest changes will await students at the time of delivery. In addition to the written part, there will also be an oral part, which includes an interview on a given topic (most often this is the disclosure of the main theme of a famous work). This innovation will help to check the literacy of oral speech, the ability of students to correctly insert various epithets and quotations into their speech.
The main intrigue of the USE is still the question - will the number of mandatory exams change in the 2017/2018 academic year? There is a proposal to introduce additional exams in history and Russian literature, but this has not yet been officially confirmed.
However, a decision had already been made earlier that in 2020 one of the mandatory exams would be English.
The highest score in physical education for passing the TRP
This innovation was well received in all schools. If the student has passed all the standards of the TRP, he is provided with a five in the semester in physical education. Other children are evaluated according to the same criteria.
The objectives of education for the 2017/2018 academic year include the introduction of some new subjects:
- robotics (the structure and use of robots in various fields of human activity will be taught to students in grades 5-7);
- financial literacy (accounting for financial family income and expenses, various types of loans, accumulation of pension funds).
Many educational institutions in the new academic year will offer their students electronic manuals. This will really have a beneficial effect on further education in various universities.
There is an opinion that from 2018 there will be paid general education. Yes, indeed, there was such a proposal, but according to many deputies, this could lead to additional waste of the family budget, so this is not expected in the 2017/2018 academic year.
Why reduce the number of school textbooks? When will the mandatory oral exam in Russian appear? How much will the student scholarship increase? What's new for the school in the new year? This was told at a press conference by the head of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation Olga Vasilyeva. In particular, she noted that the public discussion of new federal educational standards had been completed. How are they different from the old ones? They spell out the specific content that the child should know in each subject from the first to the ninth grade.
Standards should not be empty and "blurry," the minister said. - The best experts, young corresponding members of the Russian Academy of Sciences worked on the new project. The Ministry received about 7,000 responses to the project (most of them positive) and about 200 specific proposals. All of them will be taken into account in the final version of the Federal State Educational Standards for primary and secondary schools. And by October we will prepare standards for grades 10-11.
Thus, the development of almost all subject concepts for the school is being completed. Now, according to the minister, it is necessary to build a new understanding of what textbooks children will use. Now there are almost 1470 of them in the federal list. This is too much.
New approaches require examination of textbooks. How does she work now? Publishers independently search for the authors of the textbook, print it, find experts themselves and, after a positive opinion, apply for entry into the federal list, says Olga Vasilyeva. - Now we have an instruction from the president, limited by the time until the end of August. We must present a very clear expert system for selecting textbooks. Their number will be reduced. For each subject, you must have 2-3 rulers: basic and in-depth.
About the unified educational space
Schools will gradually come out of municipal subordination. The new management model primarily implies that the regional authorities will manage personnel and be responsible for a single content part of the program.
It should not be that when we move to another city, we do not know whether fractions were taught at the local school, or if children will study this material only in the next class. Any variations and deepenings in the program are possible only after you have given the child the basic content that every student in our country should know, the minister emphasizes. - The pilot project will include about 17 regions. They will follow different models of transfer of control.
The Samara region has been working on this principle since 2002 and shows excellent results: there the school property remains with the municipalities, but the region appoints school directors and coordinates the educational process. They have significantly reduced the number of managers in education, and the calculation of teachers' salaries has become more transparent. In addition, the system of per capita financing has leveled off. According to the minister, there are a huge number of examples when advanced gymnasiums and lyceums operate in the regional center, but at the same time, schools in the municipalities remain underfunded.
Now there are almost 1470 textbooks in the federal list. It's too much
The financial costs for each child within the region should be equal, - Olga Vasilyeva emphasized. - Every year, 25 billion rubles are allocated from the budget for the construction of schools. This year we will introduce 55,000 new places, 37 percent of which are places in rural schools.
Another important component of the unified educational space in the country is the national system of teacher growth, which involves mandatory certification and advanced training. 15 regions have already agreed to conduct a subject test for teachers in Russian language and mathematics this fall. It will help identify gaps and build a further professional trajectory for teachers.
About astronomy
But physics teachers across the country are already massively improving their qualifications. They will lead astronomy, which is returning triumphantly to the schools. This compulsory subject is included in the program of 10-11th grades with a volume of at least 35 hours. In the schedule of some schools, a new lesson will appear as early as September 1, but some educational institutions may introduce it later - from January 1, 2018. The exam in astronomy will not be introduced, however, some questions from this course may appear in the exam in physics by 2019.
From 2020, a foreign language exam will become mandatory for 9th graders, and from 2022 for 11th graders
What else might be new? The Ministry is thinking about introducing basic modules on entrepreneurship as extracurricular activities. In addition, schools should have five free circles: literary, scientific and technical, sports, music and chess.
About exams
Schools should have 5 free circles: literary, scientific and technical, sports, music and chess.. Photo: Mikhail Sinitsyn
I want to say right away that the exam will not be canceled, - Olga Vasilyeva emphasized. - This is a powerful social lift that allows children from Siberia and the Far East to enter the best universities in the country. Look at the statistics: at Moscow universities, about 65 percent of students are from the regions, and 35 percent are Muscovites. Before the USE, the situation was exactly the opposite.
The exam this year went better than last year: 703,000 people passed the USE, while the number of violations decreased by one and a half times, and the number of children who did not overcome the minimum threshold for points was almost two times less. And this despite the fact that the test part remained only in the oral part of the exam in a foreign language.
In the 9th grade there will be an oral exam in the Russian language. It will become an admission to the state final certification and will be introduced on the same principle as the essay in the 11th, - said Olga Vasilyeva. - Now we are discussing the readiness of the regions, which next year will hold "oral Russian" in a pilot mode.
Also, from 2020, a foreign language exam will become mandatory for 9th graders, and from 2022 for 11th graders. In addition, it is planned that from 2020 the whole country will definitely pass history.
About secondary vocational education
Particular emphasis will be placed on a foreign language in institutions of secondary vocational education. From the new academic year, a thousand colleges in 73 regions of Russia will begin to train students according to the new WorldSkills standards - these are 50 top professions related to advanced technologies. Working with new equipment, with technical documentation - here English is needed more than ever. In addition, according to the minister, the program of dual vocational training will be expanded, in which the student spends half of the time directly at work.
Help for a student
And the most important news for students is that from September 1, scholarships will be indexed by 5.9 percent. Funds from the budget have already been allocated, and agreements on the provision of subsidies have already been concluded with all educational organizations.
It will also become easier for the "targeted students": a bill has been developed for them that regulates the rights of the university, the student and the employer who sends the student to study.
We have carried out deep monitoring. It turned out that in 51 percent of cases, measures of social support for students are not prescribed in the agreement on targeted education. Of course, we will change this situation, - says Olga Vasilyeva. - After all, graduates, completing their studies and fulfilling their obligations, go to the employer for at least three years. And on his part, social guarantees must be provided.
About universities
Universities should become the center of the economic, social and cultural life of the region, the minister believes. - This year, in addition to the already existing 11, we have chosen 22 more flagship universities that will receive additional funding. We very much hope that this program will yield good results.
The total number of Russian universities in the prestigious QS ranking has increased to 24, while the performance of 14 of them has grown significantly. The plans of the Ministry of Education and Science are to expand the export of Russian education in such a way that by 2025 about 700,000 foreign students study at our universities. According to rough estimates, this will give 373 billion rubles of additional income. And now we have 243,000 foreign students, and only 15,000 of them are on a quota basis.
Lectures go digital
What else is new for universities? Project "Modern digital educational environment". Its essence is that universities can include online courses in their educational programs and set real credits for them. By 2025, it is estimated that up to 11 million people will be studying in open online courses. In the next 2-3 years, they will cover most of the areas of undergraduate and graduate education. But this does not mean that everyone will study only on the Internet. Online courses will make learning more flexible. And for teachers, another separate project is provided - the Russian Electronic School, which should start working in 1.5 years.
The Russian e-school will become a powerful tool for teachers, says Olga Vasilyeva. - Almost everything will be there: methodological assistance in conducting and compiling lessons, additional modules on subjects. Plus - virtual museums, libraries, theatrical performances. We are now working on this system on the basis of the Moscow electronic school.
Innovations and changes in the education system have already affected the rules for passing the exam, and the conditions for entering the university. Disciplines long gone into oblivion, such as astronomy, were introduced, and others were curtailed. However, time does not stand still, and the department has outlined new plans to improve the school curriculum.
General secondary education is the basis, the foundation on which primary knowledge is built, allowing in the future to acquire the desired profession. Therefore, it is extremely important to provide the younger generation with the appropriate level of knowledge and skills in order to prepare them for adulthood to the maximum.
Every year, the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation develops new projects to modernize and improve the quality of education, and special attention is paid to school education. Work is underway both to improve the educational institutions themselves and the entire infrastructure, and to transform the learning process, change methods and control the qualification level of teachers. The department acknowledges that although not all initiatives demonstrate effectiveness, there are still some results.
Innovations and changes in the old system have already affected both the rules for passing and the conditions for entering the university. Disciplines long gone into oblivion, such as astronomy, were introduced, and others were curtailed. However, time does not stand still, and the department has outlined new plans for improvement of the school curriculum.
What can schools expect in 2018, and what changes are coming? Let's figure it out.
Developing thinking: chess as a compulsory discipline
A few months ago, Olga Vasilyeva entered the elementary school chess course. For some time, the effectiveness of such a change was in doubt. But practice has shown that chess classes are beneficial for children and improve the quality of education. The department claims that one lesson per week will improve the overall performance of students, and, moreover, this does not require additional competencies from teachers.
Children are already learning to play chess in 40 regions of the country. According to the minister, the presence of this subject contributes to the development of the mental abilities of students. Therefore, their grades are very different from the grades of children who do not attend chess lessons. The introduction of the course is planned to be carried out over the next two years, and next year many schoolchildren will begin to learn the basics of this difficult game.
Learning to create family happiness
In the very near future, a new discipline "" will appear in all schools. Many citizens argue about the rationality of this innovation, and although the subject has many opponents among parents and teachers, the decision to implement it has already been made.
The course, which bears the official name "The Moral Foundations of Family Life", is already included in the school curriculum in 38 regions of Russia. Priest Dmitry Moiseev and nun Nina Krygina, who are the authors of the textbook, strive to instill traditional family values in children. According to the idea of the initiators, the presence of this discipline will allow modern teenagers to create a strong large family.
Safety in physical education classes
A major problem today is the high mortality of children in physical education lessons. The Ministry of Education and Science is working together with the Ministry of Health to solve this problem.
According to data posted in open sources, in 2017 alone, 211 schoolchildren died in physical training classes. The main reason for the death of schoolchildren is the lack of awareness of teachers about the state of health of students. And all because, according to the current legislation, the data from the medical records of citizens are confidential and not subject to public disclosure, so educational institutions do not have a complete picture of the real health of students.
Question about modernization of physical education lessons already . Along with other innovations, updated training involves the inclusion of medical personnel and the provision of medical information about the child. The combined efforts of the two departments led to the creation of the "School Medicine" project, in which teachers, based on data from medical records, will be able to provide effective emergency care and eliminate fatalities.
Russian language for ninth graders
Next year ninth graders will also face changes. Namely, ninth graders are waiting for the Russian language, according to the results of which schoolchildren will be admitted to the final certification. The very procedure for passing the exam involves reading the story and discussing it with the teacher.
The project is a pilot project and will not yet be implemented throughout the country. At the moment, the selection of regions that will be able to conduct such an exam in 2018 is underway. Based on the results of the experiment, if it is effective, a decision will be made on the mandatory conduct of this exam for all students starting from 2019.
Let's talk about traffic rules
At the Action Forum held in the capital in December, Minister of education raised the issue of the need for schoolchildren to study the rules of the road. Increasing accidents lead to tragic consequences, which is why it is so important to teach children traffic rules at school. Ms. Vasilyeva notes that schoolchildren should not be overloaded with lessons, but in this case, we are talking about their life and safety. It is planned that students will study the rules of behavior on the road twice a month, in class hours.
Choice of subjects and career guidance
For high school students, a new standard is being developed, according to which students will be able to study up to 7 disciplines from 6 subject areas. They include:
- Russian language and literature or native language and literature;
- computer science and mathematics;
- foreign language;
- natural sciences (physics, natural science, chemistry, ecology, biology);
- social sciences (law, history, geography, social studies, economics);
- art or a subject of the school's choice.
At the same time, physical training, life safety and the new course "Russia in the world", beloved by many, are among the compulsory subjects.
The main feature of the innovation is the distribution of items into several levels of difficulty, which will make it possible schoolchildren to determine for themselves which of the subjects is more important to them, and to engage in a more in-depth study of specialized subjects.
It is also planned to reduce the number of disciplines studied. According to the new standard, the curriculum for senior classes will consist of three compulsory, three profile and three basic or integrated subjects.
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