Karamzin, poor Liza, is the main idea. Themes, ideas, images of Nikolai Karamzin's story "Poor Lisa

When a person wants to hear the most concise review of a work, he asks about its main ideological content. Since N. M. Karamzin is on our agenda, the topic will sound like this: " Poor Lisa": the main idea and its variations", because everyone is also well aware that the main idea usually not one in the work - the main author's messages, as a rule, are several.

So, let's begin.

Plot

The events here will not be considered in detail, it's just worth reminding the reader that this is an extremely dramatic story about a poor naive girl named Lisa and a rich handsome but unscrupulous young man named Erast.

First, he shows her that he loves, that he is pleased with her purity and innocence, then, when Erast gets his way, he leaves the girl under various pretexts.

Lisa gets upset, finds a deep pond and takes her own life.

N. M. Karamzin wants to convince the reader that the young Erast also suffered and lived a life without happiness, but for some reason this is hard to believe. If life teaches anything, it is that people who are unscrupulous and selfish live much better than those who have at least some moral principles and convictions. The work "Poor Liza", the main idea hidden in it, does not lead the reader to this kind of understanding, which is a pity.

"Love is evil..."

And we know who uses it. But seriously, evil is only when “one loves, and the other allows himself to be loved” (La Rochefoucauld). Reciprocal love is beautiful, but it is usually everyday and ends in a happy marriage and children. Who wants to read about it? Whether the case is tragic, as in the work "Poor Liza", the main idea of ​​which is in our field of vision.

How fresh is the story told by Karamzin?

The story of poor Lisa is eternal. There will always be stupid and naive girls and voluptuous guys who want to seduce these girls. Now, in certain circles, it is fashionable to talk about any classic that it is, they say, a warning - “a warning novel”, “a warning story”, etc. If it can be said that the essay “Poor Liza” (its main idea) is warning, then it is empty, because the girls one way or another will fall into the net to the guys callous, soulless. Why? Cause young women will always want 'big and pure love and this longing will lead them through the labyrinth of suffering.

Is there an antidote for unfortunate fate?

Of course, yes, and it is only one thing - the training of the mind, education. If Liza were cynical, intelligent, educated (besides, she is also beautiful, like an angel), would she need such an empty and meaningless person as Erast? The answer is negative. Of course, the reflection presented in this paragraph is not the main idea of ​​the work “Poor Liza”, but when reading it, such a conclusion suggests itself.

Lisa was due to the fact that she was taught from an early age: "Your destiny is to live on your knees and not argue with the masters." Unfortunately, it could not be taught differently in those days (18th century). So, let's dwell on the fact that the main idea of ​​the story "Poor Lisa" is "love of evil." In turn, we hope that Lisa's story will still serve as a warning to modern girls.

• Category: Collection of essays grades 5-11

The story of N. M. Karamzin "Poor Liza" was one of the first sentimental works of Russian literature of the 18th century. Its plot is very simple - the weak-willed, albeit kind nobleman Erast falls in love with a poor peasant girl Lisa. Their love ends tragically: the young man quickly forgets about his beloved, intending to marry a rich bride, and Liza dies by throwing herself into the water. But the main thing in the story is not the plot, but the feelings that it was supposed to awaken in the reader. Therefore, the main character of the story becomes the narrator, who talks about fate with sadness and sympathy. poor girl. The image of a sentimental narrator became a discovery in Russian literature, since before the narrator remained "behind the scenes" and was neutral in relation to the events described. "Poor Liza" is characterized by short or extended digressions, at every dramatic turn of the plot, we hear the voice of the author: “my heart bleeds ...”, “a tear rolls down my face”.

The appeal to social problems was extremely important for the sentimentalist writer. He does not denounce Erast for the death of Liza: the young nobleman is as unhappy as a peasant girl. But, and this is especially important, Karamzin was perhaps the first in Russian literature to inspire a “living soul” in a representative of the lower class. “And peasant women know how to love” - this phrase from the story became winged in Russian culture for a long time. From here begins another tradition of Russian literature: sympathy common man, his joys and troubles, the protection of the weak, the oppressed and the voiceless - this is the main moral task of the artists of the word.

"Poor Liza" immediately became extremely popular in Russian society. Humane feelings, the ability to sympathize and be sensitive turned out to be very in tune with the trends of the times, when literature moved from the civil theme, characteristic of the Enlightenment, to the theme of the personal, privacy person and the main object of her attention was inner world individual personality.

Karamzin made another discovery in literature. With “Poor Lisa”, such a concept as psychologism appeared in it, that is, the writer’s ability to vividly and touchingly depict the inner world of a person, his experiences, desires, aspirations. In this sense, Karamzin paved the way for writers of the 19th century.

An unusual feeling seizes the reader who has read N. Karamzin's old story "Poor Liza". It would seem that the fate of a peasant woman who was deceived by a rich gentleman and who committed suicide can touch her - a banal plot and, of course, the same next denouement. Especially against the background of modern events: rampant crime, political imbalance, terror and moral decline.

Yes, and books in our time are not the same as before, now the shelves of bookstores are filled with adventure, fantasy, action-packed literature.

In my opinion, you read and start reading, and gradually the incomprehensible charm captures much more than the far-fetched stories of female investigators or supermen saving the planet. Ultimately exact phrases, like dopey lace, drag us into the world of another dimension, into the world of sincere feelings and cruel betrayal, into the world simple and complex at the same time, how simple and complex real life is.

Sentimental novel. It seems that he has outlived himself along with crinolines and carriages, nothing lasts forever, everything will disappear someday. It is real and cruel, the novel is skillfully recreated by a genius writer and therefore eternal.

The story also contains the image of the writer himself, conveyed through the description of Moscow, so objective, as if looking at a faded photograph, and the diverse nature, and the author's thoughts.

“... I often come to this place and almost always meet spring there; I also come there in the gloomy days of autumn to grieve together with nature. The winds howl terribly in the walls of the deserted monastery, between the coffins overgrown with tall grass, and in the dark passages of the cells. There, leaning on the ruins of tombstones, I listen to the muffled groan of times swallowed up by the abyss of the past - a groan from which my heart shudders and trembles.

I think the heroine is amazing. “Liza, who remained after her father of fifteen years, - Liza alone, not sparing her tender youth, not sparing her rare beauty, worked day and night - weaved canvases, knitted stockings, picked flowers in the spring, and in the summer she took berries - and sold them to Moscow, "- from this girl breathes the freshness of nature itself, inaccessible to today's empty-headed beauties.

The plot of the plot is described in one sentence, the satirical skill of which is amazing: “Liza came to Moscow with lilies of the valley. A young, well-dressed, pleasant-looking man met her in the street. She showed him the flowers - and blushed. "Do you sell them, girl?" he asked with a smile. "Selling," she replied. "What do you need?" - “Five kopecks…” - “It's too cheap. Here's a ruble for you.

Liza was surprised, dared to look at the young man, blushed even more and, looking down at the ground, told him that she would not take a ruble. "For what?" "I don't need too much."

Equally laconic and accurate is the characterization of the young gentleman, who “... led a dispersed life, thought only about his pleasure, looked for it in secular amusements, but often did not find it: he was bored and complained about his fate. The beauty of Lisa at the first meeting made an impression in his heart.

There is also a description of the fall of the girl in the story. If we compare it with the detailed, naturalistic erotic scenes in modern literature, with episodes illustrating obscenity and bad taste, more reminiscent of a medical atlas, then Karamzin's delicacy can serve as a lesson for today's hacks.

“She threw herself into his arms - and in this hour, purity should have perished! Erast felt an extraordinary excitement in his blood - Lisa had never seemed so charming to him ... her caresses had never touched him so much ... her kisses had never been so fiery ... she knew nothing, suspected nothing, was not afraid of anything ... the darkness of the evening nourished desires ... not a single star shone in the sky ... no ray could illuminate delusions. Erast feels a thrill in himself - Liza also, not knowing why, but knowing what is happening to her ... Ah, Liza, Liza! Where is your guardian angel?

The writer Liza's death is just as succinctly commenting. But the stinginess of verbal expression does not reduce the power of influence on our feelings: “Thus began her beautiful life in soul and body. When we meet there, in a new life, I will recognize you, gentle Liza! She was buried near the pond, under a gloomy oak, and a wooden cross was placed on her grave. Here I often sit in thought, leaning on the receptacle of Liza's ashes; in my eyes a pond flows; Leaves rustle above me.

It is hardly necessary to recall the biography of a writer, historian, political and statesman- N.M. Karamzina. To say that many literary masterpieces came out of his story "Poor Liza", that this story served as a starting point for many writers to write stories that later glorified them and themselves, is to say almost nothing. In my opinion, another circumstance is important. Wonderful person and a prominent scientist not only introduced great Russia with sentimental literature. He showed with what an open soul and, finally, how to write stories on such topics. It is a pity that today's writers learn more from works contemporary writers, and not on the lesser known writers of yesteryear.