Krikalev Sergey Konstantinovich family. Krikalev, Sergei Konstantinovich

VIDEO BIOGRAPHY OF THE COSMONAUT

SERIAL NUMBER: 67/212

NUMBER OF FLIGHTS: 6

PLAQUE: 803 days 09 o'clock 41 min. 23 sec.

EVAs: 8

TOTAL DURATION: 41 hours. 26 min.

DATE AND PLACE OF BIRTH:

EDUCATION:

in 1975 graduated from 10 classes of secondary school No. 77 of the city of Leningrad;

since 1977 began to go in for airplane sports at the Leningrad flying club DOSAAF;

in 1981 graduated with honors from the Leningrad Mechanical Institute (LMI) (Voenmekh), Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, specialty - "design and production of aircraft", received a diploma in mechanical engineering.

PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITY:

1981-1983- engineer, senior engineer of the 111th department of the head design bureau (GKB) of NPO Energia;

in 1983 passed the medical selection and in February 1984, after passing the necessary exams, he was selected for the cosmonaut corps of NPO Energia;

1983-1985 - head of the group of State Design Bureau NPO Energia. He was engaged in the development of instructions for astronauts, working out the actions of the crews of manned spacecraft. He worked at the MCC as a methodologist for the actions of the crews, in 1985 - in the group for restoring the working capacity of the Salyut-7 station from May 1990 to April 1992 - deputy head of the 191st department (former 111th department) of NPO Energia;

from April1992. to November1994. - Deputy Head of the 115th department of NPO Energia;

from February2007. to august2007. - Vice President of RSC Energia;

since august2007. to March2009. - Deputy General Designer of RSC Energia;

since March2009. to March 2014- was the head of the Yu.A. Gagarin” (FGBU “NII TsPK named after Yu.A. Gagarin”).

SPACE PREPARATION:

August 21985. - by the decision of the State Interdepartmental Commission, he was enrolled in the cosmonaut corps of NPO Energia;

in September1985. - by order of the Minister of General Mechanical Engineering No. 384, he was appointed as a candidate for test cosmonauts of the cosmonaut corps of NPO Energia (291st department);

November 281986. - by the decision of the MVKK, the qualification "test cosmonaut" was awarded;

in 1986 successfully completed a general space training course;

in 1986 - 1988 - was trained as part of a group of cosmonauts under the Buran program;

from March 22 to November 111988. - was trained as a flight engineer for the main crew of the Soyuz TM-7 spacecraft under the EO-4 / Aragats program at the Mir OK, together with A. Volkov and J.-L. Chretien (France);

February 111987. - was appointed to the post of test cosmonaut of the cosmonaut corps of NPO Energia;

in1990. - trained as a flight engineer for the backup crew of the Soyuz TM-11 spacecraft under the EO-8 program and the joint Soviet-Japanese flight to OK Mir together with A. Artsebarsky and R. Kikuchi (Japan);

from March to November 1988 he was trained as a flight engineer for the main crew of the Soyuz TM-7 spacecraft under the EO-4 / Aragats program at Mir, together with A. Volkov and J.-L. Chretien (France);

April 71992. - was appointed to the post of instructor-test cosmonaut, deputy head of the department of NPO Energia;

from November 51992. to January1994. - trained at the Center L. Johnson as an understudy for V. Titov - Flight-4 Specialist (Mission Specialist) of the crew of the Discovery spacecraft under the STS-60 program. Received a certificate for working with a shuttle manipulator, was trained to fly on a T-38 aircraft as a co-pilot;

from April1994. to January1995. - trained at the Center L. Johnson as an understudy for V. Titov, a flight-4 specialist of the crew of the Discovery spacecraft under the STS-63 program, took part in the work of the ISS group of the NASA astronauts office, including the development of station assembly methods;

Trained to work in an American weekend suit;

During the STS-63 flight, as well as the STS-71, STS-74 and STS-76 flights, he was the head of the 1st Advisory Group of Experts of the Moscow Mission Control Center in Houston, helped to establish interaction between the Russian and American Mission Control Centers;

in 1995 -1996 worked in the MCC as a deputy flight director for crew actions;

in February 1996 d. assigned to the first crew of the ISS;

since October1996. - was trained as a flight engineer for the main crew of the first expedition to the International Space Station (ISS-1), together with Yu. Gidzenko and William Shepherd (USA);

September - November1998. - was trained at the Johnson Center as part of the STS-88 crew;

since October2000. - February 2003- was the backup crew commander of Expedition 7 to the ISS (ISS-7d) together with M. Suraev (replaced by S. Volkov) and Paul Richards (replaced by John Phillips) (USA);

2003 - 2005 1999-1999 - was trained as the prime crew commander of Expedition 11 to the ISS together with John Phillips (USA).

Full member (academician) of the Russian Academy of Cosmonautics named after K.E. Tsiolkovsky (2011).

CLASSICITY:

3rd class test cosmonaut (October 16, 1989);
1st class test cosmonaut, 1st class instructor-test cosmonaut (04/07/1992).

COMPLETE SPACE FLIGHTS:

1 flight - from November 26 1988 . to April 27 1989 . as a flight engineer of TC "Soyuz-TM-7" and OK "Mir" under the EO-4 program and the Soviet-French program "Aragats". Launched together with Alexander Volkov and Jean-Loup Chretien (France) on the Soyuz TM-7 spacecraft. Due to a change in the flight program, together with other crew members, he carried out the conservation of the station. He landed together with Alexander Volkov and Valery Polyakov.
Flight duration: 151 days 11 hours 08 minutes 24 seconds Callsign: "Donbas-2".

2 flight- from May 18 1991 . to March 25 1992 . as a flight engineer of the Soyuz TM-12 and OC Mir under the EO-9 programs together with Anatoly Artsebarsky and EO-10 together with Alexander Volkov. He landed on the Soyuz TM-13 spacecraft. Together with him, H. Sharman (Great Britain), T. Aubakirov, F. Fieböck (Austria), K.-D. Flade (Germany) worked in space. He landed on the Soyuz TM-13 spacecraft. During the flight, he performed 7 spacewalks with a total duration of 36 hours 29 minutes - set a record for the duration of stay in open space.
Flight duration: 311 days 20 h 00 min 54 sec. Callsign: "Ozone-2" / "Donbas-2".

3 flight -from 3 to 11 February 1994 . as part of the STS-60 crew on board the Discovery spacecraft as a Mission Specialist-4 (Mission Specialist-4).
Flight duration: 8 days 07 h 09 min 22 sec.

4 flight -from 4 to 16 December 1998 . as a flight-4 specialist on the Endeavor spacecraft under the STS-88 program. It was the first manned flight under the International Space Station assembly program. During the flight, the American node module NODE 1 Unity was docked to the Zarya functional cargo block. Together with the shuttle commander R. Kabana, he opened the hatch in the ISS for the first time. As part of the first crew of the ISS, he carried out work to prepare the station for the start of operation
Flight duration: 11 days 19 hours 17 minutes 55 seconds

5 flight -from October 31 2000 . to March 21 2001 . under the program of the first prime crew of the ISS (ISS-1) as a Soyuz TM-31 flight engineer and a Discovery flight-3 flight specialist (STS-102) during the reentry phase.
Flight duration: 140 days 23 hours 38 minutes 55 seconds

6 flight -from April 15 2005 . to October 10 2005 . on the Soyuz TMA-6 SC as the crew commander of the ISS Prime Expedition 11 crew. During the flight, he performed one spacewalk, lasting 4 hours 57 minutes.
Flight duration: 179 days 00 h 23 min 35 sec.

SCIENTIFIC ACTIVITY:

candidate of psychological sciences (2008);
full member (academician) of the Russian Academy of Cosmonautics named after K.E. Tsiolkovsky (2011) .

SPORTS RANKS:

He has the 1st category in swimming, a candidate for master of sports in all-around;
"Master of Sports of the USSR" in aerobatics (1981);
"Master of Sports of International Class" in aerobatics (1995);
"Honored Master of Sports of Russia" (2007).

SPORTS ACHIVMENTS:

Since 1977, he has been involved in aircraft sports. In 1980 - 1981 he was a member of the Leningrad aerobatics team.

Since 1981, he was engaged in aircraft sports at the Central Aeroclub named after. V.P. Chkalov in Moscow. In 1982, he played at the USSR Championship for the team of the Central Aeroclub and became a candidate for the USSR national team in aircraft sports.

In 1983 he became the absolute champion of the city of Moscow in aerobatics. In the finals of the Spartakiad of the Peoples of the USSR and the USSR Championship, he played for the RSFSR national team, where he took 3rd place in the team and 8th place in the individual competition.

In 1985, he competed at the aerobatics championship of the socialist countries as part of the 2nd USSR team. In 1986 he became the champion of the USSR in the team event, as well as a prize-winner in exercises. In 1996, he became the winner of the European Championship in the team event and the champion in the exercise.

In 1997, at the First World Air Games in Turkey, he was a member of the Russian team in glider aerobatics. He took first place in the team competition, became the silver medalist in the individual competition.

He mastered the piloting of Yak-18A, Yak-50, Yak-52, Yak-55, Yak-55M, Su-26, Su-29, L-39, Tsesna. As part of the training under the Buran program, he flew the MiG-21, MiG-25 and Tu-134. On a T-38 aircraft (USA) he flew more than 140 hours as a co-pilot.

Medal "Gold Star" of the Hero of the Soviet Union and the Order of Lenin (Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of April 27, 1989).

Medal "Gold Star" of the Hero of the Russian Federation (Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of April 11, 1992).

Order of Honor (Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 204 of April 15, 1998, for achieving high sports results at the First World Air Games).

Order "For Merit to the Fatherland" IV degree (Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 353 of April 5, 2002).

AWARDS OF FOREIGN COUNTRIES:

Order of the Legion of Honor (Legion d'Honneur) (France, 1989)
NASA Space Flight Medal (1996, 1998, 2001)
Medal for Distinguished Public Service (NASA Distinguished Public Service Medal, 2003).

AWARDS OF PUBLIC ORGANIZATIONS:

Order "For Diligence for the Good of the Fatherland" (established by the Foundation "For the Good of the Fatherland") (2006).
Order "Pride of Russia" (established by the Pride of Russia Foundation and positioned as the highest public award of the Russian Federation) (2008).
Honorary Life Membership of the Royal Photographic Society (UK) (2009).

HOBBIES:

Aerobatics, swimming, scuba diving, skiing, windsurfing, tennis, amateur radio (call sign - U5MIR).

27.08.1958 -
Hero of the Soviet Union, Hero of the Russian Federation

Krikalev Sergey Konstantinovich - flight engineer of spacecraft (SC) "Soyuz TM-7", "Soyuz TM-12" ("Soyuz TM-13") and orbital station (OS) "Mir", 67th cosmonaut of Russia (USSR) and 212th cosmonaut of the world.
Born on August 27, 1958 in the city of Leningrad (now St. Petersburg) in the family of an employee. Russian.
In 1975 he graduated from the 10th grade of secondary school No. 77 in the city of Leningrad. Since 1977, he began to engage in aircraft sports at the Leningrad aeroclub DOSAAF. In 1981 he graduated with honors from the Leningrad Mechanical Institute with a degree in Design and Production of Aircraft.
From September 14, 1981, he worked as an engineer in the 111th department of the State Design Bureau of NPO Energia. He was engaged in the development of instructions for astronauts. From September 1, 1982, he worked as an engineer, and from June 1, 1985, as a senior engineer of the 191st department (former 111th department) of the State Design Bureau NPO Energia.
On September 2, 1985, by decision of the GMVK, he was selected for the cosmonaut corps of NPO Energia. From November 1985 to October 1986 he passed general space training. On November 28, 1986, by decision of the MVKK, he was awarded the qualification of "test cosmonaut".
From November 1986 to March 1988 he was trained under the Buran program.
On March 22, 1988, he replaced A.Yu. Kaleri in the main crew of the Soyuz TM-7 spacecraft, who was suspended from training for health reasons. Until November 11, 1988, he was trained as a flight engineer for the main crew of the Soyuz TM-7 spacecraft under the EO-4 / Aragats program at the Mir OK, together with A.A. Volkov and Jean-Loup Chretien (France). He was trained as the first tester of the cosmonaut's vehicle (SPK) and was preparing to work with the Kvant-2 module, but the flight program was changed.
The first space flight of S.K. Krikalev made from November 26, 1988 to April 27, 1989 as a flight engineer of the Soyuz TM-7 spacecraft and the Mir orbital complex under the 4th main expedition program (EO-4) and the Soviet-French Aragats program. Launched together with the commander of the ship A.A. Volkov and cosmonaut-researcher citizen of the French Republic Jean-Loup Chretien. During the flight, a partial replacement of the crew of the Mir-Soyuz TM orbital complex took place. After the return of the previous crew to Earth, cosmonauts A.A. Volkov, V.V. Polyakov and S.K. Krikalev continued their work on board the Mir OS. Having completed the flight program, they prepared the station for operation in unmanned mode and landed on April 27, 1989. The duration of the first space flight of S.K. Krikaleva was 151 days 11 hours 08 minutes 24 seconds.
By the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of April 27, 1989, for the successful implementation of a 151-day space flight on the Mir orbital research complex and the courage and heroism shown at the same time, he was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union with the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal.
From June to November 17, 1990, he was trained as a flight engineer for the backup crew of the Soyuz TM-11 spacecraft under the EO-8 program (and under the Soviet-Japanese program) at the Mir OK, together with A.P. Artsebarsky and Ryoko Kikuchi (Japan).
The second space flight of S.K. Krikalev made from May 18, 1991 to March 25, 1992 on the Soyuz TM-12 spacecraft together with commander A.P. Artsebarsky, and cosmonaut-researcher British citizen Helen Sharman, who returned to Earth on May 26, 1991 with the previous crew on the Soyuz TM-11 spacecraft, and S.K. Krikalev and A.P. Artsebarsky remained on the Mir OS.
In July 1991, S.K. Krikalev agrees to continue work on the Mir OS with the next crew (who arrived in October on the Soyuz TM-13 spacecraft).
After October 10, 1991, a visiting expedition consisting of flight engineer T.O. Aubakirov and cosmonaut-researcher Franz Fibek, citizen of Austria, together with A.P. Artsebarsky returned to Earth on the Soyuz TM-12 spacecraft, S.K. Krikalev remained at the station with a new commander - A.A. Volkov. During the second space flight of S.K. Krikalev made seven spacewalks:
06/24/1991 - duration 4 hours 58 minutes;
06/28/1991 - duration 3 hours 24 minutes;
07/15/1991 - duration 6 hours 4 minutes;
07/19/1991 - duration 5 hours 28 minutes;
07/23/1991 - duration 5 hours 34 minutes;
07/27/1991 - duration 6 hours 49 minutes;
02/20/1992 - duration 2 hours 12 minutes.
The flight duration was 311 days 20 hours 00 minutes 54 seconds.
At Order of the President of the Russian Federation No. 387 dated April 11, 1992 "for courage and heroism shown during a long space flight on the Mir orbital station, to the USSR pilot-cosmonaut Krikalev Sergey Konstantinovich was awarded the title of Hero of the Russian Federation with the award of a sign of special distinction - the Gold Star medal No. 1.
On September 29, 1992, he was selected for the first flight of a Russian cosmonaut on an American shuttle. From November 5, 1992 to January 1994, he was trained at the Johnson Center as a Mission Specialist for the crew of the Discovery shuttle under the STS-60 program. He received a certificate for working with a shuttle manipulator, was trained to fly a T-38 aircraft as a co-pilot.
The third space flight of S.K. Krikalev made from February 3 to February 11, 1994 as a flight specialist-4 as part of the crew (Charles Bolden, Kenneth Richtler, N. Jean Davis, Ronald Shiga, Franklin Chang-Diaz) on board the reusable transport spacecraft STS-60 "Discovery" (USA). It was the first U.S.-Russian joint space shuttle flight in the history of manned space exploration. The flight duration was 8 days 7 hours 10 minutes 13 seconds.
From April 1994 to January 1995 he was trained at the L. Johnson Center as an understudy flight-4 specialist in the crew of the Discovery shuttle under the STS-63 program. He was trained to work in the exit suit under the ISS assembly program. During the STS-63 flight, as well as the STS-71, STS-74 and STS-76 flights, he was the head of the 1st Advisory Group of Experts of the Moscow Mission Control Center in Houston, helped to establish interaction between the Russian and American Mission Control Centers.
From May 1995, he served as Deputy Flight Director of the Mir OK. After the depressurization of the Spektr module, he was a member of the emergency commission.
On January 30, 1996, he was appointed flight engineer for the prime crew of the first expedition to the International Space Station (ISS-1). The launch of the first expedition was originally scheduled for May 1998. From October 1996, he was trained as a flight engineer for the ISS-1 prime crew, together with Yu.P. Gidzenko and William Shepherd (USA). Expedition flights to the ISS were delayed, and on July 30, 1998, by agreement between the RSA and NASA, he was assigned to the crew of the Endeavor shuttle under the STS-88 program (the first flight to assemble the station, ISS-01-2A). In September - November 1998 he was trained at the Center. Johnson as part of the STS-88 crew.
His fourth space flight S.K. Krikalev made December 4-15, 1998 as part of the STS-88 mission (13th flight of the shuttle "Endeavour") as a flight-4 specialist (shuttle crew - Robert Cabana (commander), Frederick Sturkow (pilot), Jerry Ross, Nancy Carrie, James Newman). During the flight, the first Russian module of the ISS, the Functional Cargo Block (FGB) Zarya, was docked to the first Russian module of the ISS, which was launched earlier into orbit, the American node module Unity. Together with the shuttle commander Robert Kabana, Sergey Krikalev opened the hatch to the ISS for the first time. Participated in the work on board the ISS. The flight duration was 11 days 19 hours 18 minutes 47 seconds.
The fifth space flight of S.K. Krikalev worked from October 31, 2000 to March 21, 2001 as a Soyuz TM-31 and ISS flight engineer under the ISS Expedition 1 program. He took off on the Soyuz TM-31 spacecraft, landed on the Discovery shuttle STS-102 as a flight specialist. The flight duration was 140 days 23 hours 40 minutes 19 seconds.
In October 2000, he was appointed commander of the backup crew of Expedition 7 to the ISS (ISS-7d) together with M.V. Suraev and Paul Richards (USA). In September 2001 M.V. Suraev was replaced by S.A. Volkov, and in March 2002 Paul Richards was replaced by John Phillips. Under this program, the crew trained until February 2003, when, due to the death of the Columbia shuttle, all crews were reorganized. Krikalev's crew became the prime crew for the ISS assembly program with a shuttle launch (ULF-1 flight). It was planned that this crew would go to the station on the first shuttle (STS-114). However, as the timing of the resumption of shuttle flights was constantly shifted, the crews and flight programs changed again. Krikalev began training as the prime crew commander of Expedition 11 to the ISS together with John Phillips. In October 2004, Italian astronaut Roberto Vittori was included in the crew of the Soyuz TMA-6 spacecraft as a member of a short-term visiting expedition.
In his sixth space flight, S.K. Krikalev led the prime crew of Expedition 11 to the International Space Station (ISS), launching into space on April 15, 2005 on the Soyuz TMA-6 spacecraft with crew members: NASA astronaut John Phillips and European Space Agency (ESA) astronaut Roberto Vittori. On April 17, 2005, Soyuz TMA-6 docked to the ISS, after which its crew transferred to the station. During the flight of S.K. Krikalev made one spacewalk: August 18, 2005 - duration 4 hours 57 minutes. October 11, 2005 S.K. Krikalev, together with NASA astronaut John Phillips and space tourist, US citizen Gregory Olsen, returned to Earth on the Soyuz TMA-6 spacecraft. The flight duration was 179 days 0 hours 22 minutes 35 seconds.
S.K. Krikalev is the record holder for the total stay in space. For six flights, it amounted to 803 days 09 hours 41 minutes 12 seconds. Performed 8 spacewalks, the total duration of work in open space - 41 hours 26 minutes.
In May 2006, by decision of Roscosmos, CPC and RSC Energia, he was provisionally appointed as Spacecraft Commander in the ISS-17d backup crew and the ISS-19 prime crew, together with M.V. Suraev. In August, by a joint decision of Roskosmos and NASA, he was provisionally appointed as backup commander of the ISS-17d and flight engineer of the Soyuz-TMA-12 spacecraft, which is scheduled to launch in April 2008. On February 13, 2007, the appointment was approved by NASA. However, already in March 2007, he was withdrawn from the backup crew.
By order of the President of RSC Energia dated February 5, 2007, S.K. Krikalev was appointed Vice-President of RSC Energia for manned flights, retaining the post of instructor-test cosmonaut. At the Extraordinary General Meeting of Shareholders of RSC Energia on July 31, 2007, S.K. Krikalev was not elected vice-president of the corporation, remaining as an instructor-test cosmonaut of RRK Energia.
March 27, 2009 S.K. Krikalev was dismissed from the post of "instructor-test cosmonaut" 1st class. By order of the head of Roscosmos dated March 27, 2009, he was appointed head of the Yu.A. Gagarin Research and Testing Cosmonaut Training Center. At the end of March 2014, he left this position. Since April 2014 - the representative of the city of Sevastopol in Moscow and St. Petersburg. Since August 2014 - First Deputy General Director of FSUE TsNIIMash.
Lives in the city of Korolev, Moscow Region.
Has sporting achievements. Since 1977, he has been involved in aircraft sports. In 1982, he played at the USSR championship for the team of the Central Aeroclub and was a candidate for the USSR national team in aircraft sports. In 1983 he became the absolute champion of Moscow in aerobatics. In 1986 he became the champion of the USSR and the champion of Europe in the team event. In 1997 he became the world champion. In 1997, at the First World Air Games in Turkey, he was in the Russian national team in glider aerobatics. He took first place in the team competition, and also became the silver medalist in the individual competition. In 2001, at the Second World Air Games in Spain, he was the head coach of the Russian team. In 2007 he was awarded the title of Honored Master of Sports of the Russian Federation.
Reserve major, cosmonaut 1st class (04/07/1992).
He was awarded the Soviet Order of Lenin (04/27/1989), the Russian orders "For Merit to the Fatherland" 4th degree (04/05/2002), Honor (04/15/1998), Friendship of Peoples (03/25/1992), medals, including "For merit in space exploration" (04/12/2011), as well as orders and medals of foreign countries, including the badge of an officer of the Order of the Legion of Honor (1989, France), medals "For space flight" (USA, NASA, 1996, 1998, 2001) , "For Outstanding Public Service" (USA, NASA, 2003).
Honorary citizen of St. Petersburg (05/23/2007). A bust of the twice Hero was erected in St. Petersburg (2017).

In 1981 he graduated from the Leningrad Mechanical Institute with a degree in mechanical engineering.

From February 2007 - Vice-President of RSC Energia for manned flights (while maintaining flight status in the cosmonaut corps).

Development engineer

After graduating from the institute, he worked at NPO Energia. He tested equipment used in space flights, developed methods of work in space and participated in the work of the ground control service. In 1985, when malfunctions arose at the Salyut-7 station, he worked in the recovery group, developing methods for docking with an unmanaged station and repairing its on-board systems.

Krikalev was selected for training for space flights in 1985, the following year he completed the basic training course and was temporarily assigned to the group under the Buran reusable spacecraft program.

In early 1988, he began preparations for his first long-term flight at the Mir station. The training included preparations for spacewalks, for docking with new modules, for the first tests of the cosmonaut's vehicle, and for work on the second Soviet-French scientific expedition.

space flights

Soyuz TM-7 was launched on November 26, 1988, the crew consisted of commander Alexander Volkov, flight engineer Krikalev and French astronaut Jean-Loup Chretien. The previous crew remained at the Mir station for another twenty-six days, thus establishing the longest stay at the station for a crew of six. After the previous crew returned to Earth, Krikalev, Polyakov, and Volkov continued to perform experiments aboard the station. Due to the fact that the arrival of the next crew was delayed, they prepared the station for an unmanned flight and returned to Earth on April 27, 1989. For this flight, Krikalev was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

Best of the day

In 1990, Krikalev was preparing for his second flight as a member of the backup crew for the eighth long-term expedition to the Mir station.

In December 1990, Krikalev began preparations for participation in the ninth expedition to the Mir station. Soyuz TM-12 was launched on May 19, 1991 with commander Anatoly Artsebarsky, flight engineer Krikalev and British astronaut Helen Sharman. A week later, Sharman returned to Earth with the previous crew, while Krikalev and Artsebarsky remained on Mir. During the summer, they carried out six spacewalks, while conducting numerous scientific experiments, as well as maintenance work on the station.

According to the plan, Krikalev's return was supposed to take place in five months, but in July 1991 Krikalev agreed to remain at the Mir station as a flight engineer with the next crew (which was due to arrive in October), since the next two flights were merged into one. On October 2, 1991, the flight engineer position in the Soyuz TM-13 spacecraft was taken by Toktar Aubakirov, a cosmonaut from Kazakhstan who was not prepared for a long flight. He and Franz Viebeck, the first astronaut of Austria, together with Artsebarsky returned to Earth on October 10, while commander Alexander Volkov remained with Krikalev. After a crew change in October, Volkov and Krikalev continued their experiments on Mir, made another spacewalk and returned to Earth on March 25, 1992. During the flight, the country changed its name - astronauts flew away from the USSR, and returned to Russia already. For this flight, Krikalev was awarded the Star of Hero of Russia No. 1.

During the first two flights, Krikalev spent more than a year and three months in space and made seven spacewalks.

Krikalev participated in the STS-60 flight, the first joint US-Russian flight on a reusable ship (shuttle). Flight STS-60, which began on February 3, 1994, was the second flight with the Spacehab (Space Habitation Module) and the first flight with the WSF (Wake Shield Facility) device. Within eight days, the crew of the Discovery spacecraft performed many different scientific experiments in the field of materials science, both in the WSF device and in the Spacehab module, biological experiments and observations of the Earth's surface. Krikalev performed a significant part of the work with a remote manipulator. After completing 130 orbits and flying 5,486,215 kilometers, on February 11, 1994, the Discovery spacecraft landed at the Kennedy Space Center (Florida). Thus, Krikalev became the first Russian cosmonaut to fly on an American shuttle.

After the STS-60 flight, Krikalev returned to his work in Russia. He was periodically sent on missions to the Johnson Space Center in Houston to work in Mission Control with the Search and Rescue Service during joint US-Russian flights. In particular, he participated in ground support for STS-63, STS-71, STS-74, STS-76 flights.

Krikalev was assigned to the first crew of the International Space Station and was the first in December 1998 to be on a short-term mission to the ISS on the shuttle Endeavor.

In October 2000, as part of the first crew of the long-term expedition, Sergei Krikalev, together with Yuri Gidzenko and William Shepherd, began permanent manned flights to the ISS.

October 11, 2005 Sergei Krikalev completed his sixth flight, returning to Earth from the ISS in the descent module of the Soyuz TMA-6 spacecraft after half a year in orbit.

Hobbies

Aerobatics, swimming, scuba diving, skiing, windsurfing, tennis, amateur radio (X75M1K). Candidate for master of sports in all-around. Master of Sports of the USSR in aerobatics. Member of the championships of the USSR, Europe and the world in aerobatics. Champion of the USSR in the team event (1986). European champion in the team event (1996). World champion in the team event (1997).

The amateur radio call sign is U5MIR.

Awards and titles

Hero of the Soviet Union with the award of the Order of Lenin and the badge of special distinction - the Gold Star medal (1989)

Hero of the Russian Federation with the award of a badge of special distinction - the Gold Star medal (medal No. 1) (1992)

Order of Merit for the Fatherland, IV degree (2002)

Order of Honor (1998)

Order of Friendship of Peoples (1992)

Honorary title "Pilot-Cosmonaut of the USSR" (1989)

Medal "In memory of the 300th anniversary of St. Petersburg" (2005)

Officer of the Order of the Legion of Honor (1989, France)

NASA Medal "For Space Flight" (1996, 1998, 2001)

NASA Distinguished Public Service Medal (2003)

Honorary citizen of St. Petersburg (2007)

Honored Master of Sports of Russia

Thank God for such people.
Natali 01.10.2008 04:48:27

Sergey Krikalev graduated from LMI in 1981. I entered the 1st course in 1980. Those. Our paths in life didn't cross for a moment, but they passed very close. I read the biography of Sergei Konstantinovich, the list of awards and titles ... There are no words. And I felt ashamed in front of the Institute and in front of myself that I was just an ordinary accountant. That's how life happened. Long live the higher school of the LMI and the entire teaching staff of the native and beloved Voenmekh. Low bow to Krikalev S.K. and thanks for the heroic life. Nataliya.

WISH TO COSMONAUT-S.K. KRIKALEV
F I O D O R I A 08.02.2010 07:00:30

I WANT TO WISH SERGEY KONSTANTINOVICH THE MOST HEALTHY ACTIONS ON
COMPARE TO A NEW FIELD FOR HIM, AS A GENERAL MANAGER. "RGNI TsPK", T.K.
HE HAS MORE - MORE KNOWLEDGE IN PROF.
FROM THE SIDE - AND THIS IS PLEASANT!!! TO ME, AS AN ALLOY, AND IN FACT, SVER-
STNIK, THIS COSMO-THEME IS NATIVE! BECAUSE TO ME, BEFORE AND AFTER COMPLETION
ACCORDING TO A, I HAVE TO GET CLOSELY IN PROVISION.
MILITARY WORK TO SERVICE GROUND EQUIPMENT, EQUIPMENT, INCLUDING NOT-
STANDARD-OUR AND FOREIGN ASSEMBLY. FOR MANY DECADES OF WORK ON ACCORDING-
RESPONSIBLE. "Z A T O" CONTRADIC. (AT THE CURRENT MOMENT) S N G HAS WORKED
WITH MANY AND MANY HUNDREDS OF SPECIALISTS OF DIFFERENT LEVEL UNDER-
COOKING, FROM DIFFERENT CORNERS OF OUR, IN THE PAST, IMMENSE HOMELAND ...
POLIGON OF ALL RUSSIA IS THE FOREST OUTPOST OF OUR SCIENCE
TECHNOLOGIES THAT ALLOWED THE SOVIET UNION TO PUT OFF THE SAME "cold
war "IMPOSED BY THE WEST-TRANSOCEAANIA, IMMEDIATELY AFTER THE 2nd WORLD WAR !!
I CONSIDER MYSELF ONE OF THE DIRECT PARTICIPANTS AND DO NOT DETACH FROM THE COSMO-
NAVTIKI: THERE ARE NO FORMER "KOSMODROMOVTS" ... I WILL SAY THE SAME ABOUT TWICE
GER O E USSR, R O S S I N 1 !!! PARTICIPANT OF MANY FLIGHTS WITH EXIT
IN OPEN C O S M O S, WITH A TOTAL FLIGHT OF MORE THAN 803 ... DAYS O K, FAMILY-
NINOM, VERY SERIOUS AND, AT THE SAME TIME, JUST OUR GUY, AS
I REMEMBER IN THE STAGE OF EXTREME PREPARATION AT THE COSMODROME BEFORE TAKEOFF,
WITH VIEWING (required) CLASSICS - comrade SUKHOVA, Abdullah and his harem,
as well as our truly most reliable CUSTOMS, which does not take MZDU, because.
"It's a shame for the POWER" - ESPECIALLY WHEN IT WAS DESTROYED ... and, of course, landed-
which trees on the "ALLEY OF COSMONAUTS" - INTERVIEW FOR S M AND, BUS and
"the road to Space" up to our "Gagarin" start ... "LET'S GO" !!!
I WOULD LIKE, OF COURSE, TO WISH FURTHER PROF. success, good luck, calm
family happiness. CONGRATULATE YOUR FAMILY AND S.K.
BIRTHDAY - the anniversary of Olga's daughter, with the present day of the DEFENDER
HOMELAND, women - from 8_M A R T A. TOTAL IN A M GOOD, S E R G E Y !!
A LOT OF WATER ALREADY IN THE SYR-DARYA RIVER LEAKED, THE RIVER IS VERY SHALLOW, THE WEATHER
ON THE TERRITORY OF THE POLYGON ALSO CHANGED.
"love, dates and rest", then the river can be seen in the distance, like a big canal ..
SAM GARRISON is, from my point of view, a local a ul about m, surrounded by pseudo-
dokalyuchkoy. Everything that they could, after the 90s, save and restore some.
objects that are observed by people on TV at the next launch of the "product".
we only dream of anything ... WITH THE GENERAL RESETTLEMENT OF OUR FAMILY TO ANOTHER REGION-
HE WAS DECIDED EARLIER, BUT AS IT turned out, IT IS UNCLEAR WHY AND WHERE
HALI, WE STILL CAN'T UNDERSTAND, FURTHER NOT IN THE FORMAT ... ONE I HAVE
DESIRE FOR SPECIALISTS. OF OUR TIME: DO NOT LET IT STOP IN "g l u x o -
man and i "- such a state of affairs in, it would seem, the region \u003d center, the very one about
cat. still our famous classic wrote a comedy, but "things and now TAAAAM"!
THE REST TO WE ONLY DREAM, OR DREAM NO LONGER, as in a nightmare!
YOUR EMPLOYEE-COMPANY-lit.pseudonym-FIODORIA BEHIND SIM.

Full member of the Russian Academy of Cosmonautics named after Konstantin Tsiolkovsky.

Sergey Krikalev was born on August 27, 1958 in St. Petersburg. In 1975, he graduated from the tenth grade of secondary school No. 77. Since 1977, he has been involved in aircraft sports at the local flying club. Four years later, he graduated with honors from the Baltic State Technical University with a degree in Design and Production of Aircraft.

From September 14, 1981, Krikalev worked as an engineer in the 111th department of the Main Design Bureau of the Energy Research and Production Association. He was engaged in the development of instructions for astronauts. A year later he became an engineer, and from June 1, 1985, a senior engineer of the 191st department of the Main Design Bureau of NPO Energia.

On September 2, 1985, by decision of the state interdepartmental commission, Krikalev was selected for the cosmonaut corps of NPO Energia. During the following year, he underwent general space training. At the end of November 1986, he was qualified as a test cosmonaut. Further, for two years he was trained under the Buran program.

On March 22, 1988, Sergey Krikalev replaced Kaleri in the main crew of the Soyuz TM-7 spacecraft, who was suspended from training for health reasons. Until November 11, 1988, he was trained as a flight engineer for the main crew of the Soyuz TM-7 spacecraft under the Aragats program at the Mir orbital complex, together with Volkov and Jean-Loup Chretien. He also underwent training as the first tester of the cosmonaut's vehicle and was preparing to work with the Kvant-2 module, but the flight program was changed.

Krikalev made his first space flight from November 26, 1988 to April 27, 1989 as a flight engineer of the Soyuz TM-7 spacecraft and the Mir orbital complex under the program of the fourth main expedition and the Soviet-French program Aragats. Launched together with the spacecraft commander Volkov and cosmonaut researcher Jean-Loup Chretien, a citizen of the French Republic. Having completed the flight program, the station was prepared for operation in unmanned mode and landed on April 27, 1989. The duration of the space flight was 151 days 11 hours 08 minutes 24 seconds.

By a decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of April 27, 1989, for the successful implementation of a space flight on the Mir orbital research complex and for the courage and heroism shown, Krikalev Sergey Konstantinovich was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union with the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal.

In 1990, Krikalev was preparing for his second flight as a member of the backup crew for the eighth long-term expedition to the Mir station. In December 1990, Krikalev began preparations for participation in the ninth expedition to the Mir station. Soyuz TM-12 launched on May 18, 1991 with commander Anatoly Pavlovich Artsebarsky, flight engineer Krikalev, and British female cosmonaut Helen Sharman. A week later, Sharman returned to Earth with the previous crew, while Krikalev and Artsebarsky remained on Mir. Over the summer, six spacewalks were carried out, while numerous scientific experiments were carried out, as well as maintenance work on the station.

According to the plan, Krikalev's return was supposed to take place in five months, but in July 1991 Krikalev agreed to remain at the Mir station as a flight engineer with another crew due to arrive in October. This flight is interesting because the cosmonauts flew away from the USSR, and returned to Russia: during their flight, the Soviet Union ceased to exist. The flight duration was 311 days 20 h 00 min 34 s.

By Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 387 of April 11, 1992, for courage and heroism shown during a long space flight on the Mir orbital station, the USSR pilot-cosmonaut Sergei Konstantinovich Krikalev was awarded the title of Hero of the Russian Federation with the award of a special distinction of the Gold Star medal » № 1.

In October 1992, NASA officials announced that a Russian cosmonaut with space flight experience would fly on an American space shuttle. Krikalev was one of two candidates, the other being Vladimir Titov, sent by the Russian Space Agency to train with the STS-60 crew. In April 1993, Krikalev was announced as the main candidate.

Krikalev made his third space flight from February 3 to February 11, 1994 as a specialist in the crew aboard the STS-60 Discovery reusable transport spacecraft. This was the first U.S.-Russian joint space shuttle flight in the history of manned space exploration. The flight duration was 8 days 7 hours 10 minutes 13 seconds.

Krikalev made his fourth space flight from December 4 to 16, 1998 as part of the STS-88 mission as a flight-4 specialist. Together with the shuttle commander Robert Kabana, Sergey Krikalev opened the hatch to the International Space Station for the first time. The flight duration was 11 days 19 hours 18 minutes 47 seconds.

Krikalev made his fifth space flight from October 31, 2000 to March 21, 2001 as a flight engineer of the Soyuz TM-31 spacecraft and the ISS under the program of the first main expedition of the ISS. He landed on the Discovery shuttle STS-102 as a flight specialist. The flight duration was 140 days 23 hours 40 minutes 19 seconds.

In his sixth space flight, Krikalev led the prime crew of the first expedition to the International Space Station, launching into space on April 15, 2005 on the Soyuz TM6 spacecraft with crew members: NASA astronaut John Phillips and European Space Agency astronaut Roberto Vittori. During the flight, Krikalev made one spacewalk: on August 18, 2005, lasting 4 hours and 57 minutes. On October 11, 2005, together with NASA astronaut John Phillips and space tourist, US citizen Gregory Olsen, he returned to Earth on the Soyuz TMA-6 spacecraft. The flight duration was 179 days 0 hours 22 minutes 35 seconds.

Sergey Krikalev is the record holder for the total stay in space. For six flights, it amounted to 803 days 09 hours 41 minutes 12 seconds. Performed eight spacewalks, the total duration of work in open space was 41 hours and 26 minutes.

At the end of March 2009, Krikalev was relieved of his post as "test cosmonaut instructor" first class. By order of the head of Roscosmos dated March 27, 2009, he was appointed head of the Yury Gagarin Research and Testing Cosmonaut Training Center. At the end of March 2014, he left this position.

Since March 2014, Krikalev has been appointed First Deputy General Director of the Central Research Institute of Mechanical Engineering for manned space programs, as well as Executive Director of the State Corporation Roscosmos for manned space programs. Since April 2014, the representative of the city of Sevastopol in Moscow and St. Petersburg. From August 2014, he took the position of First Deputy General Director of the Central Research Institute of Mechanical Engineering.

At a meeting of the Board of Directors of PJSC Rocket and Space Complex Energia on January 24, 2019, it was decided to appoint Sergey Konstantinovich Krikalev as Deputy Chairman of the Board of Directors of PJSC Rocket and Space Complex Energia.

Sergei Konstantinovich, in addition to space, also has sports achievements. For a long time he was engaged in aircraft sports. He played at the USSR Championship for the team of the Central Aeroclub and was a candidate for the USSR national team in aircraft sports. In this sport, he became the champion of the USSR, the champion of Europe and the world champion in the team event.

At the First World Air Games in Turkey, he was a member of the Russian national team in aerobatics on gliders. He took first place in the team competition, and also became the silver medalist in the individual competition. At the Second World Air Games in Spain, he was the head coach of the Russian team. Krikalev was awarded the title of Honored Master of Sports of the Russian Federation.

Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe November 7, 2019 awarded Sergei Krikalev with one of the highest awards in the country: the Order of the Rising Sun on a neck ribbon with a star. The award ceremony took place at the Imperial Palace in Tokyo.

Sergey Krikalev's awards

Hero of the Russian Federation (April 11, 1992) - for courage and heroism shown during a long space flight on the Mir orbital station (Gold Star medal No. 1).

Order "For Merit to the Fatherland" IV degree (April 5, 2002) - for courage and high professionalism shown during a long-term space flight on the International Space Station.

Order of Honor (April 15, 1998) - for successful participation and achievement of high sports results in the First World Air Games.

Order of Friendship of Peoples (March 25, 1992) - for the successful implementation of a space flight on the Mir orbital station and the courage and heroism shown in this.

Order of Lenin (1989).

Order of the Rising Sun II degree (7.11.2019).

Medal "For Merit in Space Exploration" (April 12, 2011) - for great merits in the field of exploration, exploration and use of outer space, many years of conscientious work, active social activity.

Medal "In memory of the 300th anniversary of St. Petersburg" (2005).

Honorary title "Pilot-Cosmonaut of the USSR" (1989).

Officer of the Order of the Legion of Honor (France, 1989).

Three NASA Space Flight Medals (1996, 1998, 2001).

NASA Distinguished Public Service Medal (2003)

Honorary citizen of St. Petersburg (2007).

Honored Master of Sports of Russia.

Lifetime Honorary Member of the Royal Photographic Society of Great Britain.

Laureate of the national award "Golden Eye of Russia".

Laureate of the national award "Russian of the Year" (2011).

Merit recognition

Bust on the Alley of Heroes of the Moscow Victory Park (St. Petersburg)

In December 1990, Krikalev began preparations for participation in the ninth expedition to the Mir station. Soyuz TM-12 was launched on May 19, 1991 with commander Anatoly Pavlovich Artsebarsky, flight engineer Krikalev and British astronaut Helen Sharman. A week later, Sharman returned to Earth with the previous crew, while Krikalev and Artsebarsky remained on Mir. During the summer, they carried out six spacewalks, while conducting numerous scientific experiments, as well as maintenance work on the station.

Before his second flight in May 1991, Sergei Krikalev could not have imagined that the events on Earth would make him a "cosmic long-liver." On May 19, 1991, as part of the Soyuz TM-12 crew, he launched to the Mir orbital station. The crew of the space expedition successfully completed all flight tasks and was about to return home. But the events of August 1991 made a correction. The collapse of the Soviet Union brought with it a chain of changes that were devastating for our country. The budgets of space programs have been significantly reduced, while obligations to other countries have remained. According to the program of international cooperation, cosmonauts from Austria and Kazakhstan were supposed to go into space. It was planned that they would be in different crews. But at that moment there was no money for the creation of two spacecraft. It was decided to combine the flights, and one spacecraft went into orbit, in which everyone did not get a place to return to Earth.

Krikalev had to stay at the Mir orbital station until the next spacecraft arrived. Instead of the planned 5 months of work in space, he had to work in space orbit for almost another half a year (about a year in total). In general, our famous cosmonaut remained in space, because the rapidly disintegrating country could not provide the new Robinson with the opportunity to return. Krikalev started from the USSR, and returned in March 1992 to another country - Russia. For this flight Hero of the Soviet Union S.K. Krikalev was the first cosmonaut to receive the title of Hero of Russia with the Gold Star No. 1 medal.

In October 1992, NASA officials announced that a Russian cosmonaut with space flight experience would fly on an American space shuttle. Krikalev was one of two candidates sent by the Russian Space Agency to train with the STS-60 crew. Krikalev participated in the STS-60 flight, the first joint US-Russian flight on a space shuttle (Discovery shuttle). The STS-60 flight, which began on February 3, 1994, was the second with the Spacehab (Space Habitation Module) and the first flight with the WSF (Wake Shield Facility) device.

Having made 130 orbits and flying 5,486,215 kilometers, on February 11, 1994, the Discovery spacecraft landed at the Kennedy Space Center (Florida). Krikalev became the first Russian cosmonaut to fly on an American shuttle.

Sergey Krikalev works on the ISS, May 2005

During the flight, an emergency occurred with the American spacecraft - the life support electronics and the air duct failed. Despite the objections of the American side and the proposal to wait for a backup ship from Earth, our cosmonaut managed to restore and restart the shuttle instruments. This caused delight and extreme surprise on both the American and Russian sides.

After the STS-60 flight, Krikalev returned to his work in Russia. He was periodically sent on missions to the Lyndon Johnson Space Center in Houston to work in Mission Control with the Search and Rescue Service during joint US-Russian flights. In particular, he participated in ground support for STS-63, STS-71, STS-74, STS-76 flights.

Krikalev was appointed to the first crew of the International Space Station and was the first in December 1998 to be on a short-term mission to the ISS on the shuttle Endeavor.

Krikalev is known and admired all over the world (in some countries there are entire museum stands dedicated to our astronaut). In 1998, the American director Michael Bay made the film "Armageddon", where the Russian cosmonaut Colonel Lev Andropov was shown in a caricature form, living alone on the space station (insane, unshaven, drunk, in a hat with earflaps and a quilted jacket, hitting instruments, opens the fuel supply valve with a crowbar, blows up the Mir space station) - however, in the end, it is he who, by his actions, saves all American astronauts by hitting the computer of the "non-starting" shuttle with a wrench. It is not at all necessary that Krikalev was taken as the basis of the character, of course, but there are too many coincidences.

Today Sergey Krikalev works as the first deputy general director of the Federal State Unitary Enterprise "Central Research Institute of Mechanical Engineering" for manned programs and is the most famous cosmonaut in the world, after Yuri Alekseevich Gagarin.