Pepelyaev Anatoly Nikolaevich. Pepelyaev's Yakut campaign - history in photographs

It is believed that the "storm nights of Spassk, the days of Volochaev" put an end to the Civil War. And yet, Kolchak's Lieutenant General Anatoly PEPELIAEV put an end to it, who in the winter of 1922 landed an officer landing on the Okhotsk coast and deepened into Eastern Siberia ...

In solitary confinement, after the death sentence of the revolutionary tribunal, the bearded and frostbitten prisoner of the Chita prison was almost sure that he would repeat the fate of the admiral. The guards will ring with the keys, the door will open, and he, broken by rifle shots, will go into oblivion ...
In the tense silence of a loner, Anatoly Pepelyaev, the brother of the leader of the Omsk government, Viktor Pepelyaev, who was shot along with Kolchak, recited his poems:

Not for joy, we went to a difficult feat,
We did not expect rewards from people.
Breaking down barriers along the way
We made the Way of the Cross alone...
And yet, in assessing the time allotted to him from above, Anatoly Pepelyaev was mistaken. His life, which in all respects had to fit into the cynical formula of the Bolsheviks: "Soldiers go home, officers and volunteers go to their coffins," in 1923 still did not stop. The All-Russian Central Executive Committee intervened in the verdict, suddenly replacing the execution with a ten-year term in the camps. Something, but this was not expected in Chita! Kolchak's lieutenant general was granted life, the capture of many Siberian cities was forgiven, and this was perhaps the most mysterious fact in the biography of the legendary army commander.

Or maybe Pepelyaev was credited with his last order on the way to Krasnoyarsk, where he disbanded the army, thereby avoiding senseless bloodshed on both sides? “The Siberian army,” he wrote pathetically in that document, “did not die, and the liberation of Siberia from the yoke of the red tyrants did not die with it. The sword of rebellion is not complicated, it is only sheathed. until the terrible hour of national vengeance calls her again to fight for the liberation of Siberia. I will appear in Siberia among the faithful and brave troops when this time comes, and I believe that this time will come soon ... "Instruction from a superior commander untied the hands of his subordinate - the commander of the 1st Siberian Corps, General Zenevich, who, having gone over to the side of the Reds, did not let his recent comrades in arms into Krasnoyarsk - the detachments of General Kappel, who were forced to make their way to the Trans-Siberian Railway bypassing, on the ice of the Yenisei and the Kan River.

Siberian Suvorov

For General Pepelyaev, a brilliant commander of the Civil War, the act is more than strange. It does not fit in with the logic of the character of a fearless and successful person. On the Eastern Front in 1918, Pepelyaev began as the commander of the 1st Central Siberian Corps, which numbered fifteen thousand people in its ranks. Most of them were youngsters - cadets, high school students, student youth ... Meanwhile, many had already sniffed gunpowder, which is why neither the difficult mountainous terrain nor thirty-degree frosts stopped Pepelyaev in the winter offensive against Perm. For almost half a year, having taken Yekaterinburg, the Whites could not advance beyond the Urals, and the Reds calmed down to some extent. After all, if Kolchak suddenly turns up, Perm is thoroughly covered. In the city itself, where the headquarters of the 3rd Army was located, there were two divisions and an artillery brigade. Thirty cannons in the chains of attackers is a real force...

On the banner of the 3rd battalion of the 1st Siberian Assault Brigade, Pepelyaev's skulls are depicted on both sides. On the front side there is a skull inside a sleeve chevron. In the corners of the cloth, in the place where the emperor's monograms used to be, four letters "P" (Pepelyaev)
But the battalion of white skiers, demonstrating the possibilities of maneuvering tactics, instantly paralyzed the actions of the gunners, and the guns immediately turned in the opposite direction. Pepelyaev attacked Perm from different directions. Everything was done masterfully: without delay, with minimal losses, in one short winter day. Leadership gift - you either have it or you don't...

Of the 35 thousand bayonets and sabers of the 3rd Red Army, barely a third remained. The Siberian general fought like Suvorov: with skill, and the Bolsheviks immediately understood and appreciated this. The Vyatka fortified area was hastily created, and the evacuation of many co-institutions has already been announced in the provincial city itself. Echelons with refugees and belongings accumulated at the station - confusion and confusion, panic became signs of a grandiose defeat. It seemed that a little more - and the bread Vyatka would be in Pepelyaev's hands. The newspapers wrote that the Siberian regiments were ready to move on Moscow, uniting with the troops of the Northern Front of General Miller. In honor of Pepelyaev, toasts sounded, merging with the artillery rumble of future victories. Vyatka was preparing bread and salt, and the headquarters of Omsk, drowning in mediocrity and revelry, gave a disastrous order to retreat. The supreme ruler in many matters was like a child who had difficulty understanding people, trusting rogues and upstarts. He was late to see the military talent not only of Pepelyaev, but also of Kappel. And Stalin and Dzerzhinsky were already in a hurry to the 3rd Red Army, purge and iron measures brought the fighters and commanders to their senses. Wasn't it then that Lieutenant General Pepelyaev began to distrust the Supreme Ruler and his entourage? Dissatisfaction with the high command grew and grew...

In the autumn of 1919, when the fate of the white movement in Siberia was being decided, Pepelyaev’s 1st Army was sent to the rear, and it was not clear why: either to create a reserve, or to fight partisans? The general's indignation knew no bounds. In his native Tomsk, the son of a career officer could still count on revenge if victory on the Eastern Front did not work out. There was hope, and free, liberal Siberia embodied it.

Even before the start of the Civil War, the supporters of Siberian autonomy had their own leaders and their own views on the reorganization of the region, which stretched for thousands of miles beyond the Ural Mountains. Here, on the Russian-Asian border, as well as in the ports of two oceans, the regional autonomists intended to establish duties on the movement of goods, to supervise the settlement in Siberia. An interesting detail: even as part of Kolchak's troops, the 1st Central Siberian Corps, created by Pepelyaev, went into battle under a white and green banner. The Siberian warrior also did not recognize the golden shoulder straps, agitating the Red Army soldiers on occasion: "Come to us, because we are just as ungodly!"

Harbin cab driver

Four years before the start of the First World War, Pepelyaev graduated from the Pavlovsk military (cadet) school, and went to the front as a lieutenant, having served as a combat commander. He did not get somewhere - into equestrian reconnaissance: the platoon under his command was noted both at Headquarters and personally by Nicholas II. Pepelyaev's dashing attacks near Soldau and Prasnysh made him popular among the army. In the summer of 1915, the skilful commander defeated the superior enemy forces to two infantry battalions with the forces of a reconnaissance company and returned the Russian positions lost during the retreat. For this brilliant feat, Anatoly Nikolaevich was awarded the officer George.

Pepelyaev also wrote poetry, had a romantic halo and very competently commanded a battalion and regiment. He received the rank of lieutenant colonel for his ingenuity and valor at the front, so his further promotion up the military ladder (now with the whites) could not seem hasty and strange.

Returning from the front, the officers made a choice. In accordance with his convictions, in the spring of 1918, Pepelyaev headed an underground officer organization in Tomsk. It was possible to overthrow the new regime only with the support of external forces - the Czechoslovak corps, stretching along the Trans-Siberian Railway from the Volga region to Chita.

When the rebellious general near Krasnoyarsk fell down with typhus, even these "allies", on whose conscience the plunder of Russia and a lot of betrayals, showed respect for Pepelyaev's personality. The patient, almost unconscious, they took him into their car and secretly took him to the right-of-way of the CER.

They left their homeland in different ways: someone did it with golden luggage, like ataman Grigory Semenov, while Pepelyaev was sick and poor abroad. And he had just recovered from typhus, when another misfortune fell upon him - poverty. As a means of subsistence, the combat general chose the craft of a cab driver. Here, in quiet and peaceful Harbin, Anatoly Nikolayevich finally decided to arrange his personal life. He married when he was thirty, and the daughter of a railway foreman became perhaps the best match for a white general. Apparently, the marriage was for love: the Russian hero was not at all distinguished by prudence. But there was plenty of adventurism in his nature.

The last campaign of the Civil War

How else to explain that in September 1922 the Siberian agreed to a seemingly insane enterprise: he gathered a squad of seven hundred officers and set off with them on the last campaign - to Yakutsk? However, there was hope: a counter-revolutionary rebellion was blazing in Yakutia. But while the landing force was sailing from Vladivostok, while landing in the port of Ayan on the coast of the Sea of ​​Okhotsk, bad news arrived: the uprising was crushed, the white partisans scattered across the vast expanses of the taiga. The expedition with help was late ...

The general preferred to fight, he believed in the skill and prowess of his fighting friends. We had to fight in the most extreme conditions: the officer squad overcame the Dzhugdzhur Range, over a thousand miles of snow-covered path in forty-degree frosts. Volunteers built bold plans: to move towards Yakutsk with battles, and with a successful combination of circumstances, to walk along the south, including Irkutsk.

Yakutsk remained two steps away - the detachment had already taken all the surrounding settlements. The white general was inspired by small victories and made a tactical miscalculation: the advantageous factor of surprise during the offensive had to be used to the end.

Of course, the detachment was tired, people needed rest, but the respite in the battles, although it was short, led to a sad result. Did the military general understand that after the fall of Vladivostok he was left completely alone and had to fight with a huge country?

For almost a year, volunteers (strictly under a white-green banner) traveled through the Yakut taiga - military science, perhaps, does not know such an ice landing. In June 1923, the remnants of the Siberian squad, suddenly surrounded by a special expedition from Primorye, laid down their arms and surrendered to the mercy of the winners. Thus ended this last white campaign.

It is believed that the general "disappeared somewhere in the camps." This is not so: Anatoly Nikolayevich withstood all the trials, carried his heavy cross, worked in Novonikolaevsk (Novosibirsk) as a cabinetmaker, but no professions other than military ones appealed to him, and in the new Russia this talented Civilian commander never found himself. In 1938, when crossing the border (then it was really locked up!) Pepelyaev ran into an outpost. Before the cherished milestone, the former intelligence officer had to take a few steps ...

Yakut campaign of Pepelyaev

At the end of the Civil War, when the whites were already firmly pressed to the ocean, a group of several hundred desperate people went on an adventure in an attempt to turn the tide of history to its knees. They failed, but the duel between the Reds and the Whites in the wastelands of Yakutia, unthinkably huge even by Russian standards, remained one of the brightest plots in Russian history.

In 1922, the Reds gradually cleared the Far East, Uborevich was preparing for the last push to the shores of the Pacific Ocean. By this moment, the bulk of the whites in the Far East had already been squeezed out to China, leaving either those who were the most unlucky, or persistent on an especially large scale. At this moment, General Dieterichs, who represented the remnants of the White Guard at DalVas, and his assistant Kulikovsky came up with the idea to set fire to northeastern Siberia.
The plan envisaged a landing on the shores of the Sea of ​​Okhotsk east of Yakutsk, the rapid capture of the city and the creation of a center of a new uprising against the Reds there. Fortunately, envoys from the local population have already appeared from there, reporting a desire to rebel against the Reds. It was supposed to march 800 km into the depths of the continent on impassable roads. For such an enterprise, volunteers were needed, volunteers needed a commander. "Commandos" were found quickly, the commander was also gone.

Among other emigrants in northeastern China, in Harbin, lived General Anatoly Pepelyaev, the protagonist of our play. He was a young man, but with considerable combat experience. Pepelyaev was a regular military man, by the beginning of the First World War he was already the head of intelligence of the regiment, and he waved the whole war with honor. "Anna" for bravery, an honorary weapon, an officer's "George", "Vladimir" with swords - even by those standards, an impressive iconostasis.
At the end of the war, when the commanders were made elected, the soldiers matched him to the battalion commanders. He graduated from World War I as a lieutenant colonel, and during the Civil War he joined Kolchak's army, and, as was the custom of that time, quickly rose in rank. In general, Civil - the time of generals under 30 years old. Turkul, Manstein, Buzun...

Here is the 27-year-old Pepelyaev. In 1920, due to a conflict with Ataman Semenov, to whom he was subordinate, Pepelyaev left with his wife and children for Harbin, where he lived for the second year. Dieterikhs' people easily found him and offered to take part in the "special operation".
In total, there were 730 people in the detachment, including as many as two generals and 11 colonels, all volunteers from the regions of the Far East and the Russian colonies of China that remained under white control. The Whites experienced a great shortage of weapons, so there were only two machine guns. There were plenty of rifles, but more than half of them were single-shot Berdanks, thanks for not being the fuzei of Peter the Great. Ammunition was by the standards of the Civil not so little, 250 rounds and a half dozen grenades per brother. The matter was complicated by the fact that it was a "one-time" ammunition load, no supply was provided. Artillery was not available, and was not required, from the place of the proposed landing to Yakutsk it was necessary to travel more than 800 km through the wild wastelands on foot (the expedition diary mentions, for example, a swamp 8 km wide), guns simply would not be pulled.

This plan looks somewhat out of touch with reality. Fight Yakutsk with a detachment of 700 kopecks. But the Reds had the same trouble, armies of several hundred soldiers, often with rather sonorous names, rushed across the vast expanses. Pepelyaev's group, for example, was called the "Police of the Tatar Strait" for disguise.

There was little time and transport. They landed in Okhotsk and Ayan at the end of August. Ayan is a village on the seashore, a dozen and a half houses, several warehouses and a couple of "suburbs" of the same merit. By the way, in the brochure of Vishnevsky, one of the participants in the campaign, there is such an intriguing remark about this expedition: “The rain in Ayan is especially dangerous: it is extremely plentiful and, thanks to the force of the wind, breaks through the walls of buildings.” It is difficult to say what is meant by "breaking through the walls", but nature really did not favor hiking. In Ayan, white partisans and local residents were waiting, about a hundred people.

The detachment was divided in two in order to collect white partisan units along the way. In Ayan, a people's gathering of the surrounding Tungus and local Russians was gathered, who motorized our partisans, allocating three hundred deer. At this time, the second batch of troops was just about to start from Vladivostok.
Pepelyaev was already moving into the depths of the continent, but because of the lack of roads, he walked slowly, with difficulty overcoming swamps and rivers. The rendezvous point of the white detachments was the village of Nelkan. Those who got there before the others suffered from starvation, eating horses. Steamers with the second wave of landing arrived only in November. At the same time, the population gathered transport, those very mentioned deer. By this time in Vladivostok, the Whites had already been completely defeated. Pepelyaev, from the commander of either a partisan or sabotage detachment, turned into the leader of the main White military force. There was no one else behind.

Along the way, detachments of white partisans operating in these areas were attached. Colonel Reinhardt (one of the two battalion commanders) estimated their total strength at about 800 people. The partisans pretty much set the local population against themselves, they ate from the same Yakuts and Tungus, in general, the population, according to the Whites, belonged to the Reds and Whites in the style of the unforgettable phrase “the Reds will come - they rob, the whites will come - they rob” and did not really love either those or others. Although a certain division of sympathies was noted: who is poorer - for the Reds, who is more prosperous - rather for the Whites. The forces of the Reds were estimated at about 3 thousand fighters in total.

We must pay tribute, the discipline was close to exemplary, there were no frostbite and stragglers, although the last detachment came to Nelkan already in winter under the snow, making marches and at minus thirty.

On December 20, the detachment set out for the village of Amga, the next stop before Yakutsk, 160 miles from the city. We went on foot and on reindeer. I note that these regions are the coldest of all that are in Russia. They approached Amga on a cold night on February 2, 1923 and attacked her from the march. During this final rush to Amga ... I almost wrote “the thermometers showed”, the thermometers did not show a damn thing, because at minus forty-five standing in the yard, mercury freezes. It was cold to read about it. The White Walkers stormed the Amga with a bayonet, killing a small garrison.
The Reds formally had a certain numerical advantage at that time. But they were not gathered together, but acted in three separate detachments. Pepelyaev decided to first destroy the medium-sized detachment of Strod. It was a red partisan group of 400 people, with machine guns, but without cannons, weighed down by a convoy. Strode seemed like a good target.

Actually who it was. Ivan Strod is actually Janis Strods, the son of a Latvian and a Polish woman, the protagonist of the red side of our story. He, like Pepelyaev, fought in the First World War. Only not as a regular officer, but as a "mobilization" ensign. Ensign, I must say, was dashing, four "George". In Civil, he was an anarchist, later joined the Bolsheviks, led a partisan detachment, with whom he went to meet Pepelyaev. The leader of the whites developed a plan for a surprise attack against Strode. Leaving one and a half hundred bayonets of Colonel Peters in Amga, he moved forward to meet, preparing to inadvertently fall on the Reds. This plan had thirty-four advantages and one disadvantage. His virtues were that he was flawless, and his disadvantage was that he went head over heels.

Pepelyaev got hooked on the human factor. Two soldiers, rabid from the cold, went to the village to warm themselves. The Reds were already there, these two, exhausted in a warm yurt, were seized. The plan was immediately revealed to Strode, and he feverishly began to prepare for battle. Pepelyaev, realizing that surprise did not work out, hit with brute force and beat off the convoy.

But the brave Krasnopribalt was not at a loss and did not lose heart. Strod settled in a winter hut under the poetic name Sasyl-Sysyy. This, so to speak, the village consisted of several houses, surrounded by a fence, as Vishnevsky writes, made of dung. There, the Reds dug in and prepared for all-round defense. It was February 13th. Until the 27th, Pepelyaev desperately stormed these three yurts. Strode bristled with machine guns and fought back.

By the way, it looks like frozen manure was really widely used in field fortification. The Soviet newspaper writes that the Pepelyaevites tried to use something like a Wagenburg from a sleigh with frozen dung. So most likely a fortress made of dubious material really took place. In the meantime, two other red detachments, Baikalova and Kurasheva, joined up and amounted to 760 people with guns. Together they again attacked Amga. A detachment of 150 fighters left there by Pepelyaev lost more than half of the people under cannon fire and was forced to retreat. Baikalov's brother died in battle, and this predetermined the sad fate of the captured officers. True, it must be said that information about the death of prisoners comes from whites, so it is difficult to verify its authenticity.

It was the end. On March 3 the siege was lifted. It is difficult to say what it is like in the sense of personal glory to be called the winner of the battle of Sasyl-Sysy, but this success brought the Order of the Red Banner and the laurels of the victor of the last siege of the Civil War to Strode.

The remnants of Pepelyaev's detachment began to retreat to Ayan. The Yakuts, who at first cheerfully participated in the expedition, went to run home. As a result, Pepelyaev gathered everyone and ordered those who wished to leave openly. Two hundred more people left the detachment, three-quarters - Yakuts. Meanwhile, General Rakitin, the commander of the detachment retreating to Okhotsk, was about to break through to the south by land. In this he was promised to be helped by the remnants of the white partisans, who had been here before Pepelyaev's raid group and knew the area. Off-road also affected the Reds, in every shed it was necessary to leave a garrison, because they also did not move rapidly.

In addition, Pepelyaev fought rearguard battles, not allowing him to push too hard. At the same time, a small outpost of the Whites in Kamchatka was destroyed, fifty people with an indispensable general at the head died, the noose around the White detachments was compressed. It must be said that the Kamchatka outpost ruined itself, the Yakuts, angry with robberies, helped the Reds. Kamchatka, according to the Whites, fell quickly and without much pressure from the Reds, if it had held out longer, perhaps Pepelyaev’s detachment would have been saved at least with the remnants.

At the beginning of June, Rakitin was preparing for the siege of Okhotsk, but the city fell due to an uprising of workers inside. Rakitin shot himself with a hunting rifle. The partisans retired back to the taiga.

In mid-June 1923, after long ordeals, the remnants of Pepelyaev's squad, 640 people, gathered in Ayan. A smaller part were paratroopers who landed here at the end of last summer, most were Yakuts, partisans and the like. The Whites decided to leave by sea, for which it was necessary to build boats. However, the Reds were not going to give them time.

The Reds had an agent in Ayan, and a very valuable one, a radiotelegrapher. For this reason, they were aware of the preparations of the whites, and were not going to allow a retreat. On June 15, a landing force landed 40 km from Ayan. Kraskomandir Vostretsov secretly concentrated near the town. On the night of the 17th, hiding behind the fog, he sneaked into Ayan like Freddy Krueger in the dream of an eighth grader and captured the headquarters. Pepelyaev, wanting to prevent bloodshed, which had already become redundant, gave the order to the subordinates who had not yet been captured to lay down their arms.
Needless to say, not everyone followed through. Since Ayan was very small, some of the officers were in the villages in the neighborhood. Colonel Stepanov gathered about a hundred fighters, prepared for the campaign in a few hours and went into the forests, his end is unknown.

Another colonel, Leonov, at the head of a group of a dozen people, went along the coast to the north, and succeeded, he managed to contact Japanese fishermen, through them to find a steamer and go to the country of anime. Colonel Anders, who had previously defended Amga, also tried to break through, but in the end he and his people were starving and decided that it was better to surrender than eat belts and boots. A total of 356 people were taken prisoner. Thus ended the Civil War in the Far East.

General A.N. Pepelyaev on the eve of the trial in Chita. On the left is the former head of the Okhotsk garrison.
Captain Boris Mikhailovsky On the right is former adjutant Yemelyan Anyanov. A photograph from the end of 1923.

Pepelyaev and the fighters of his detachment were sentenced to various terms of imprisonment.
Initially, the general was going to be shot, but at the suggestion of Kalinin they were pardoned. Apparently, in the camp of the Reds, they believed that there was time to scatter stones and there was time to collect them, they tried to return the Whites to the USSR as military experts, and it was unnecessary to frighten them with executions. Interesting, by the way, is the characterization that Vostretsov, who captivated him, gave Pepelyaev.

“Dear comrade Solts. In 1923, I liquidated the gang of General Pepelyaev in the region of Okhotsk - the port of Ayan, and more than 400 people were captured, of which 2/3 were officers. They were tried in 1923 in the mountains. Read and sentenced to different terms, and they all sit in different houses of detention. Having received a letter from one of the convicts, I decided to write to you briefly what General Pepelyaev is like.

1. His idea is petty-bourgeois, or rather, Menshevik, although he considered himself a non-party.

2. Very religious. Well studied the literature on religion, especially Renan.

3. Personal qualities: very honest, disinterested; lived on a par with the rest of the warriors of the battles (soldiers); their slogan is all brothers: brother general, brother soldier, etc. I was told by his colleagues since 1911 that Pepelyaev does not know the taste of wine (I think that this can be believed).

4. He had great authority among his subordinates: what Pepelyaev said - there was a law for subordinates. Even in such difficult moments as his defeat near the city of Yakutsk and captivity in Ayan, his authority did not weaken. Example: a detachment of about 150 people was in 8 ver. from the port of Ayan, and when he learned that the port of Ayan had been captured by the Reds, he decided to attack the port of Ayan, and when they were met halfway by a messenger with an order from General Pepelyaev to surrender, they, having read this order, said: “Since the general orders, we must fulfill”, which they did, that is, they surrendered without a fight into captivity.

I have this thought: isn't it time to let him out of prison. I think that he can do absolutely nothing for us now, and he can be used as a military specialist (and he, in my opinion, is not bad). If we have such former enemies as General Slashchev, who outweighed our brother more than one hundred, and now works as a teacher in tactics at Shot. These are the thoughts that I had and presented to you as the person who is in charge of this. div align="right">Communist greetings. Commander of the 27th Omsk Str. Division S. Vostretsov. (13.4.1928)

In Vladivostok, a military court sentenced Pepelyaev to death, but he wrote a letter to Kalinin asking for clemency. The request was considered, and in January 1924 a trial was held in Chita, which sentenced Pepelyaev to 10 years in prison. Pepelyaev was supposed to serve his term in the Yaroslavl political isolator. Pepelyaev spent the first two years in solitary confinement, in 1926 he was allowed to do work. He worked as a carpenter, glazier and joiner. Pepelyaev was even allowed to correspond with his wife in Harbin.

In 1933, Pepelyaev's term ended, but back in 1932, at the request of the OGPU board, it was decided to extend the term for three years.

In January 1936, he was unexpectedly transferred from the political isolator in Yaroslavl to the Butyrka prison in Moscow. The next day, Pepelyaev was transferred to the inner prison of the NKVD. On the same day, he was summoned for interrogation to the head of the Special Department of the NKVD, Mark Guy. Then he was again placed in the Butyrka prison. On June 4, 1936, Pepelyaev was summoned again to Guy, who read him a resolution on release. On June 6, Anatoly Nikolaevich was released.
The NKVD settled Pepelyaev in Voronezh, where he got a job as a carpenter. It is believed that Pepelyaev was released in order to organize a front society, like the Industrial Party.
"I would consider it necessary to release"

Secretary of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks Comrade. STALIN

In the Yaroslavl Special Purpose Prison, the former Kolchak Lieutenant General Anatoly Nikolayevich PEPELIAEV, who was born in 1891, is serving a sentence.
PEPELYAEV was sentenced to death in February 1924 by the Military Tribunal of the 5th Army, together with a group of his White Guard associates.
By a decree of the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of February 29, 1924, the execution was replaced by all convicts, including Pepelyaev, with imprisonment for a period of 10 years, with strict isolation and loss of rights for 5 years.
The resolution of the former On November 28, 1932, the Collegium of the OGPU filed a petition before the Presidium of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR to extend the term of imprisonment for PEPELYAEV for another 3 years.
On June 17, 1936, PEPELIAEV finished his sentence.
PEPELYAEV has so far been imprisoned for 12 years and 7 months, being kept in strict isolation at the Yaroslavl Special Purpose Prison all the time.
I would consider it necessary to release and prohibit him from living in the capital centers, Western and Eastern Siberia, as well as in the Far East.*

PEOPLE'S COMMISSAR OF INTERNAL AFFAIRS OF THE UNION OF THE SSR YAGODA

In August 1937, Pepelyaev was arrested a second time and taken to Novosibirsk, where he was charged with creating a counter-revolutionary organization. On January 14, 1938, the Troika of the NKVD in the Novosibirsk Region was sentenced to capital punishment. The sentence was carried out on the same day in the prison of the city of Novosibirsk. Buried in the courtyard of the prison.

Even earlier, in 1937, Strod was arrested and shot. Vostretsov, who finished off the Pepelyaev detachment with paint, also did not end his life very happily, in 1929 he participated in the conflict on the CER in one of the leading roles, and in 1932 he already committed suicide.

A little addition from me:

Vsevolod Anatolyevich Pepelyaev, the eldest son of the general. Genus. in 1913. Photo taken in 1979. Former military intelligence officer of ZabVO.

The youngest son of General A.N. Pepelyaev Lavr. Died Dec. 1991 in Tashkent. On the left is the grandson of General Viktor. Snapshot of the 80s.

Pepelyaev, Anatoly Nikolaevich

Anatoly Nikolaevich Pepelyaev was born on July 15 (July 3 according to the old style) 1891 in Tomsk in a noble family. Russian

Father - Nikolai Pepelyaev, hereditary nobleman, lieutenant general of the Russian army

Mother - Claudia Nekrasova, from merchants

Brother - Prime Minister of the Russian Government Viktor Nikolaevich Pepelyaev.

• 1902-1908 - cadet of the Omsk Cadet Corps
• 1908-1910 - studies at the Pavlovsk Military School (PVU) in St. Petersburg.
• 1910 - graduated from college with the rank of second lieutenant.
• 1910 - serves in the machine gun team of the 42nd Siberian Rifle Regiment stationed in Tomsk.
• 1914 - promoted to lieutenant.
• He went to the front as commander of the cavalry reconnaissance of his regiment. In this position, he distinguished himself near Pshasnysh and Soldau.
• In the summer of 1915, under his command, the trenches lost during the retreat were recaptured. In 1916, during a two-month vacation, Pepelyaev taught tactics at the front-line ensign school. In 1917, shortly before the February Revolution, Anatoly Nikolayevich was promoted to captain.
• The February Revolution found Pepelyaev at the front. Despite the gradual disintegration of the army, he kept his detachment in constant combat readiness and at the same time did not fall out of favor with his soldiers, as was the case in many other parts.
• 1917 - promoted to lieutenant colonel.
• After the October Revolution, the Council of Soldiers' Deputies, the battalion, which by that time was commanded by Pepelyaev, elected him as the battalion commander.
• But, even parts of Pepelyaev were decomposed - the shameful Bolshevik Brest peace was to blame. Realizing the aimlessness of his further stay at the front, Anatoly Nikolaevich left for Tomsk.
• Pepelyaev arrived in Tomsk in early March 1918. There he met his longtime friend, Captain Dostovalov, who introduced Pepelyaev into a secret officer organization created on January 1, 1918 and headed by Colonels Vishnevsky and Samarokov. Pepelyaev was chosen as chief of staff of this organization, which planned to overthrow the Bolsheviks who had seized power in the city on December 6, 1917.
• On May 26, 1918, an armed uprising against the Bolsheviks began in Novonikolaevsk. This gave an impetus to the Tomsk officers.
• On May 27, an armed uprising began in Tomsk. At the same time, the performance of the Czechoslovaks began. Lieutenant Colonel Pepelyaev commanded the Tomsk uprising.
• On May 31, the power of the "Provisional Siberian Government" of Peter Vologda was established in Tomsk.
• Pepelyaev recognized this power and created on June 13, 1918, on her behalf, the 1st Central Siberian Corps, headed by himself.
• With the corps, Pepelyaev moved east along the Trans-Siberian Railway in order to liberate Siberia from the Bolsheviks.
• Krasnoyarsk was taken on June 18, Irkutsk on July 11, and Verkhneudinsk was liberated on August 20.
• West of Chita, Pepelyaev's troops joined up with the Trans-Baikal Cossacks of Semyonov. The meeting of the military leaders themselves took place in late August / early September at the Olovyannaya station.
• For this campaign, Pepelyaev was promoted to colonel.
• By order of Avksentiev's Ufa directory, Pepelyaev's corps was transferred to the west of Siberia, and Anatoly Nikolayevich himself was promoted to major general (September 10, 1918), thanks to which he became the youngest general in Siberia (27 years old).
• From October 1918, his group was in the Urals.
• In November, Pepelyaev launched a Perm operation against the 3rd Red Army. During this operation, a coup took place in Omsk, which brought Kolchak to power. Pepelyaev immediately recognized the supreme power of Kolchak, since the power of the Socialist-Revolutionary Avksentiev was unpleasant to him.
• On December 25, 1918, Pepelyaev’s troops occupied Perm abandoned by the Bolsheviks, capturing about 20,000 Red Army soldiers, who, on Pepelyaev’s orders, were all released home. Due to the fact that the liberation of Perm fell on the 128th anniversary of the capture of the fortress by Izmail Suvorov, the soldiers nicknamed Anatoly Nikolaevich "Siberian Suvorov."
• On January 31, Pepelyaev was promoted to lieutenant general.
• After the capture of Perm, Pepelyaev traveled another 45 km to the west, but severe frosts set in and the front froze.
• On March 4, 1919, a general offensive of Kolchak's troops began, and Pepelyaev moved his corps to the west.
• By the end of April, he was already standing on the Cheptsa River near the village of Balezino. On April 24, Kolchak's armies were reorganized and Pepelyaev became the commander of the Northern Group of the Siberian Army.
• In the meantime, the front froze again, and only on May 30 Pepelyaev was able to launch an offensive against Vyatka, to join Miller's troops. Pepelyaev was the only one who managed to advance in May - the rest of the White groups were repulsed by the Reds.
• On June 2, Pepelyaev took Glazov. But on June 4, the Pepelyaev group was stopped by the 29th Infantry Division of the 3rd Army in the area between Yar and Falenki. By June 20, he was pushed back to about the front line as of March 3.
• On July 21, 1919, Kolchak reorganized his units and officially formed the Eastern Front, which was divided into 4 armies (1st, 2nd, 3rd and Orenburg), a separate Steppe group and a separate Siberian Cossack Corps. Pepelyaev was appointed commander of the 1st Army. However, this reorganization did not make the fighting more effective, and Kolchak's armies continued to retreat to the east.
• For some time, the Whites managed to linger on Tobol, and Pepelyaev was responsible for the defense of Tobolsk, but in October 1919 this line was broken through by the Reds.
• In November, Omsk was abandoned, and a general flight began. Pepelyaev's army still held the Tomsk region, but there was no hope of success.
• In December, a conflict broke out between Anatoly Nikolaevich and Kolchak. When the train of the Supreme Ruler of Russia arrived at the Taiga station, it was detained by Pepelyaev's troops. Pepelyaev sent Kolchak an ultimatum to convene the Siberian Zemsky Sobor, resign Commander-in-Chief Sakharov, whom Pepelyaev had already ordered arrested, and investigate the surrender of Omsk. In case of non-compliance, Pepelyaev threatened to arrest Kolchak. On the same day, Pepelyaev's brother, Viktor Nikolaevich, who was prime minister in the Kolchak government, arrived in Taiga. He "reconciled" the general with the admiral. As a result, on December 11, Sakharov was removed from the post of commander in chief.
• On December 20, Pepelyaev was driven out of Tomsk and fled along the Trans-Siberian Railway. His wife, son and mother fled with him. But, since Anatoly Nikolaevich fell ill with typhus and was placed in a sanvagon, he was separated from his family. In January 1920, Pepelyaev was taken to Verkhneudinsk, where he recovered. On March 11, Pepelyaev created the Siberian partisan detachment from the remnants of the 1st Army, with which he left for Sretensk. But since he was subordinate to Ataman Semyonov, and he collaborated with the Japanese, Pepelyaev decided to leave Russia and on April 20, 1920, went to Harbin with his family.
• In late April / early May 1920, Pepelyaev and his family settled in Harbin. There he earned his living as a carpenter, cab driver, porter and fisherman. He organized artels of carpenters, cab drivers and loaders.
• He created the "Military Union", chaired by General Vishnevsky. First, the organization came to the Bolsheviks from Blagoveshchensk, hiding under the guise of the Far East. However, Pepelyaev realized their essence and interrupted negotiations on the merger of his organization with the NRA FER. In 1922, Pepelyaev was approached by the Socialist-Revolutionary Kulikovsky, who persuaded him to organize a campaign in Yakutia to help the rebels against the Bolsheviks.
• In the summer of 1922, Pepelyaev left for Vladivostok to form a military unit that was to sail across the Sea of ​​Okhotsk with the aim of landing in Okhotsk and Ayan. At this time, a change of power took place in Vladivostok, as a result of which the ultra-right general Diterikhs became the Ruler of Primorye. He liked the idea of ​​​​a trip to Yakutia and he helped Pepelyaev with money.
• As a result, 720 people (493 from Primorye and 227 from Harbin) voluntarily entered the ranks of the "Militia of the Tatar Strait" (as the detachment was called for disguise). The detachment also included Major General Vishnevsky, Major General Rakitin and others. The detachment was equipped with two machine guns, 175,000 rifle cartridges and 9,800 hand grenades.
• Two ships were chartered. However, they could not accommodate all the volunteers, so on August 31, 1922, only 553 people headed by Pepelyaev and Rakitin set sail on the Sea of ​​Okhotsk.
• Vishnevsky remained in Vladivostok. In addition to supervising the volunteers who remained with him, he also had to try to replenish the ranks of the Militia.
• In early September, the Tatar Strait Police helped with the landing of the Siberian flotilla, which was fighting the Red partisans in the area of ​​the Terney River
• On September 6, troops landed in Okhotsk. In Okhotsk, a base was created under the leadership of the commandant, Captain Mikhailovsky. A group of General Rakitin was also created, which was supposed to move deep into Yakutia, to connect with the main forces of Pepelyaev. The purpose of the separation - Rakitin was supposed to move along the Amgino-Okhotsk tract and gather White partisans into the ranks of the "Militia". Pepelyaev himself sailed on ships along the coast to the south and landed in Ayan on September 8. On the same day, a meeting was held at which Pepelyaev announced the renaming of the Tatar Strait Police to the Siberian Volunteer Squad (SDD).
• On September 12, the "People's Congress of the Tungus" took place, which handed over 300 deer to the SDD.
• On September 14, leaving a garrison of 40 people in Ayan, Pepelyaev moved the main forces of the squad of 480 people along the Amgino-Ayansky tract through the Dzhugdzhur mountain range to the village of Nelkan.
• However, on the way to Nelkan, a day was given, during which three volunteers fled. They informed the red garrison of Nelkan about the approach of the SDD, in connection with which the commandant of Nelkan, Chekist Karpel, dispersed the local residents and sailed with the garrison down the Maya River.
• On September 27, two hours after the city was abandoned, Pepelyaev occupied Nelkan. All that the SDD managed to find were 120 hard drives and 50,000 cartridges for them, which were buried by the Reds.
• Pepelyaev realized that the campaign was poorly prepared and in October he left with guards for Ayan, leaving the main forces in Nelkan.
• Returning to Ayan on November 5, 1922, Pepelyaev strengthened his intention to go to Yakutsk, since a ship with Vishnevsky arrived in Ayan, who brought with him another 187 volunteers and provisions.
• In mid-November, a detachment of Pepelyaev and Vishnevsky set off for Nelkan, arriving there in mid-December. At the same time, Rakitin set off from Okhotsk in the direction of Yakutsk.
• By December, Tungus residents returned to Nelkan, who at their meeting expressed support for the SDD and provided Pepelyaev with deer and provisions.
• In early January 1923, when all the White Guards had already been defeated, the SDD moved from Nelkan to Yakutsk. Soon a detachment of the White Partisans of Artemyev and the Okhotsk detachment of Rakitin joined it.
• On February 5, the Amga settlement was occupied, where Pepelyaev placed his headquarters.
• On February 13, Vishnevsky's detachment attacked the Red Army detachment of Strod in the Sasyl-Sysy alas. The attack was unsuccessful and Strod was able to fortify himself in Sasyl-Sysyy. The last siege in the history of the Civil War began. Pepelyaev refused to move on until Strode and his detachment were taken prisoner.
• On February 27, Rakitin was defeated by a detachment of Kurashov's red partisans and began a retreat to Sasyl-Sysyy. A detachment of Baikalov left Yakutsk against Pepelyaev, which, having united with Kurashov, reached 760 people.
• From March 1 to March 2, there were battles near Amga and Pepelyaev was defeated.
• On March 3, the siege of Sasyl-Sysyy was lifted - the flight to Ayan began. Rakitin fled to Okhotsk. The Reds began to chase, but stopped halfway and returned.
• On May 1, Pepelyaev and Vishnevsky reached Ayan. Here they decided to build kungas and sail on them to Sakhalin. But their days were already numbered, because already on April 24, Vostretsov's detachment sailed from Vladivostok, the purpose of which was to eliminate the SDD.
• At the beginning of June 1923, Rakitin's detachment in Okhotsk was liquidated, and on June 17 Vostretsov occupied Ayan. To avoid bloodshed, Pepelyaev surrendered without resistance. On June 24, the captured SDD was sent to Vladivostok, where she arrived on June 30.
• In Vladivostok, a military court sentenced Pepelyaev to death, but he wrote a letter to Kalinin asking for clemency. The request was considered, and in January 1924 a trial was held in Chita, which sentenced Pepelyaev to 10 years in prison. Pepelyaev was supposed to serve his term in the Yaroslavl political isolator.
• Pepelyaev spent the first two years in solitary confinement, in 1926 he was allowed to do work. He worked as a carpenter, glazier and joiner. Pepelyaev was even allowed to correspond with his wife in Harbin.
• In 1933, Pepelyaev's term ended, but back in 1932, at the request of the OGPU board, it was decided to extend the term for three years.
• In January 1936, he was unexpectedly transferred from the political isolator in Yaroslavl to the Butyrka prison in Moscow. The next day, Pepelyaev was transferred to the inner prison of the NKVD. On the same day, he was summoned for interrogation to the head of the Special Department of the NKVD, Mark Guy. Then he was again placed in the Butyrka prison.
• On June 4, 1936, Pepelyaev was summoned again to Guy, who read him a resolution on release.
• June 6, 1936 - was released.
• 1936-1937 - lived in Voronezh, worked as a carpenter.
• In August 1937, Pepelyaev was arrested a second time and taken to Novosibirsk, where he was charged with creating a counter-revolutionary organization. On January 14, 1938, the Troika of the NKVD in the Novosibirsk Region was sentenced to capital punishment. The sentence was carried out on the same day in the prison of the city of Novosibirsk. Buried in the courtyard of the prison.
• On October 20, 1989, the prosecutor's office of the Novosibirsk Region rehabilitated Pepelyaev.

Wife (1912) - Nina Ivanovna Gavronskaya (1893-1979) Children: Vsevolod (born 1913) and Lavr (1922-1991)

• Biography:

From a career military family (father - Lieutenant General Pepelyaev Nikolai Mikhailovich (1858-1916), in 1916 - head of the 8th Siberian Rifle Division). Brother - Viktor Nikolaevich Pepelyaev, the last prime minister of the government of Admiral A.V. Kolchak. A native of Tomsk. He graduated from the 1st Siberian Omsk Cadet Corps (1908), the Pavlovsk Military School (1910). At the school, he was awarded the title of an excellent shooter from a rifle and a revolver. Released as a lieutenant (08/06/1910; article 08/03/1909) in the 42nd Siberian Rifle Regiment. Junior officer of the 11th company of the regiment. Junior officer of the regiment's machine-gun team (04/13/1913). Lieutenant (12/25/1913; article 08/06/1913). During mobilization, he was appointed head of the intelligence team (07/18/1914). Staff captain for distinction (VP 12/28/1915; article 09/04/1915). He was awarded the St. George weapon (VP 09/27/1916). Commander of the 9th company of the regiment (07/23/1916). Time commanded the 3rd battalion (from 07/02/1916). Awarded the Order of St. George 4th class. (VP 01/27/1917). In 27.10.-07.12.1916 on a business trip to the army school of ensigns in Vileyka as a head of studies. Captain (12/15/1916; article 09/01/1915). Sent to form the 711th Nerekhtinsky Infantry Regiment (01/10/1917). 07/13/1917 arrived in the regiment from vacation and was appointed commander of the 2nd battalion. Lieutenant colonel. After the regiment was disbanded, he returned to Tomsk, where he worked as a guard for a prisoner of war camp. In 05.1918 one of the organizers of the underground officer organization in Tomsk. He led the uprising on May 27, 1918. Then he served in the troops of the Provisional Siberian Government. From 06/13/1918 commander of the 1st Central Siberian Str. Corps, which occupied Krasnoyarsk and Verkhneudinsk. In conjunction with the intensification of the actions of the detachments of Ataman Semenov (his troops occupied Chita on August 26, 1918), this led to the overthrow of Soviet power throughout Siberia and Transbaikalia. Colonel for successful military operations in the East. front (07/02/1918). Major General for the liberation of Transbaikalia (09/08/1918). In the army of Admiral A.V. Kolchak - commander of the 1st Central Siberian Army. corps of the Siberian Army (06/13/1918-04/25/1919), one of the leaders of the Perm operation (12/24/12/25/1918). Lieutenant General (01/31/1919). Commander of the Northern Army Group of Forces with the rights of a non-separate army (1st Central Siberian and 5th Siberian Corps) of the Siberian Army (04.25.-08.31.1919), then - commander of the 1st Siberian Army (from 08.31.1919). He was awarded the French Military Cross (Croix de Guerre) with a palm branch (04/09/1919). Member of the St. George Duma of the Siberian Army. Chairman of the St. George Duma of the 1st Central Siberian Army Corps. He was close to the Social Revolutionaries, advocated the democratization of power A.V. Kolchak. In 11.1919, the army was withdrawn to the Tomsk region for replenishment and reorganization, but by 12.1919 it had decomposed and melted away from desertion. 12/20/1919 Tomsk was captured by the red partisans and units of the 3rd Army of the Red Army. Only a small part of the army (the Tobolsk column of General Redko) managed to reach the Trans-Siberian Railway at the station. Taiga, where they joined the total mass of the retreating White armies in Transbaikalia. As a sign of protest against the inept military leadership, he arrested V.N. Pepelyaev at 12.1919 at the Taiga station of the commander of the Eastern Front, Lieutenant General K.V. Sakharov, who was soon replaced by General V.O. Kappel. Member of the Siberian Ice Campaign. Near Krasnoyarsk, along with his units, he was surrounded, but he was able to make his way to the east (he was delivered in an ambulance car of the Czech troops to Verneudinsk). In Chita, he unsuccessfully tried to form a "partisan detachment of General Pepelyaev." Then he left Chita and on 04/20/1920 arrived at his family in Harbin, where, together with his fellow soldiers, he organized an artel of cab drivers. In 04.1922, he was summoned to Vladivostok by the governor of the Yakutsk region, Kulikovsky, with a proposal to lead a military expedition to Yakutia to support the population that had rebelled against the Bolsheviks. From the end of 04.1922, he led the formation of the "Siberian Volunteer Squad" and the preparation of the campaign. On 08/30/1922, together with a squad (520 people), he sailed from Vladivostok on two steamers and landed on 09/06/1922 in the village of Ayan. On September 14, 1922, a detachment of 480 bayonets set out from Ayan and on September 23, 1922 attacked and captured the village of Nelkan (250 km from Ayan). After wintering there, the detachment crossed 950 versts along the taiga paths and 02/05/1923 occupied the suburb of Yakutsk - the settlement of Amgu. Here fierce battles broke out with the Soviet units (commander I. Strod), which continued with varying success until spring. In April 1923, an expedition was sent from Vladivostok to Okhotsk on the ships "Indigirka" and "Sevastopol" to help the red units (rifle battalion, 4 cannons, several machine guns) under the command of S.S. Vostretsova. 05/01/1923 A.N. Pepelyaev led the detachment back to Ayan. Pressed to the ocean, 06/17/1923, many fighters of the "Siberian Volunteer Squad" stopped resistance. Captured, A.N. Pepelyaev agreed to sign an appeal to non-surrendered volunteers with a proposal to surrender their weapons. 06/30/1923 expedition of S.S. Vostretsova with 450 prisoners returned to Vladivostok. From Vladivostok, the arrested were transported to Chita, where at 01. 1924 a trial took place over the command staff of the squad. A.N. Pepelyaev was sentenced to death, replaced by the All-Russian Central Executive Committee with a 10-year imprisonment in the Yaroslavl political isolator. After two years in solitary confinement, he worked in prison as a carpenter, joiner and glazier. He was released on 07/06/1936. He settled in Voronezh, worked as a cabinet maker at a furniture factory, and as an assistant to the head of the horse depot of Voronezhtorg. On August 20, 1937, he was again arrested, sent to Novosibirsk and accused of organizing a "cadet-monarchist insurgent organization that aimed to overthrow the Soviet regime." He was shot in the Novosibirsk prison by order of the NKVD troika in the Novosibirsk region of 12/07/1937. Rehabilitated 01/16/1989.

• Ranks:

• Awards:

St. Stanislaus 3rd Art. with swords and a bow (12/10/1914) St. Anne 4th class. with the inscription "For Harbrost" (04/02/1915) St. Stanislav 2nd class. with swords (06/18/1915) St. Anne 3rd class. with swords and a bow (06/22/1915) St. Anne 2nd class. (07/26/1915) St. Vladimir 4th class. with swords and a bow (04/23/1916) St. George's weapon (01/30/1916 VP 09/27/1916) St. George 4th class. (08/10/1916 VP 01/27/1917).

• Additional Information:

-Search for a full name in the "Card file of the Bureau for Recording Losses on the Fronts of the First World War 1914-1918." in RGVIA -Links to this person from other pages of the site "RIA Officers"

• Sources:

(information from www.grwar.ru)

1. 1918 in the East of Russia. M. 2003
2. E.V. Volkov, N.D. Egorov, I.V. Kuptsov White generals of the Eastern Front of the Civil War. M. Russian way, 2003
3. Information provided by Mikhail Sitnikov (Perm)
4. "Military Order of the Holy Great Martyr and Victorious George. Bio-Bibliographic Reference" RGVIA, M., 2004.

On January 14, 1938, a participant in the civil war, the famous White Guard Anatoly Pepelyaev, was shot in Novosibirsk. He is one of the few military leaders of the White movement, who, albeit posthumously, was rehabilitated by the Soviet government. However, the life of General Pepelyaev is rich in not such stories. "RG" has collected interesting facts from the biography of the legendary officer.

1. Anatoly Pepelyaev was born on July 15, 1891 in Tomsk, in the family of a hereditary nobleman and lieutenant general of the tsarist army Nikolai Pepelyaev and the daughter of a merchant Claudia Nekrasova. The famous White Guard had two sisters and five brothers, two of whom also left their mark on history. So Arkady Pepelyaev, during the First World War, led the ambulance train of the South-Western Front, and had four orders - two of St. Stanislav and two of St. Anna. After the Civil War, Arkady Nikolaevich continued to practice as an otolaryngologist. The glory of him as an excellent doctor was in Omsk, both ardent supporters and equally ardent opponents of Soviet power went to him for treatment. However, on January 23, 1941, he was arrested and died on May 24, 1946 in a camp in the city of Mariinsk. Another brother, Viktor Pepelyaev, became a politician and associate of Kolchak during the civil war, was arrested with him and shot on February 7, 1920.

2. Anatoly Pepelyaev went to the front of the First World War as a lieutenant of the 42nd Siberian Rifle Regiment, and met the revolution as a lieutenant colonel. For military prowess, he was awarded six orders, including George of the 4th degree and St. George's weapons. Pepelyaev's popularity among the lower ranks was enormous. After the October Revolution, the council of soldiers' deputies of the battalion, which by that time was commanded by Pepelyaev, elected him as their commander. However, the officer did not accept the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk and left for Tomsk, where he led the fight against the Bolsheviks.

3. The White Guards under the command of Pepelyaev took Tomsk, Novonikolaevsk (Novosibirsk), Krasnoyarsk, Verkhneudinsk and Chita. During this campaign, Pepelyaev was promoted to major general, and becomes the youngest general in Siberia - he is 27 years old. On December 24, 1918, Pepelyaev’s troops occupied Perm abandoned by the Bolsheviks, capturing about 20 thousand Red Army soldiers, who were all sent home on Pepelyaev’s orders. Due to the fact that the liberation of Perm fell on the 128th anniversary of the capture of the fortress by Izmail Suvorov, the soldiers nicknamed Anatoly Nikolaevich "Siberian Suvorov."

4. During the Civil War, Pepelyaev's fame was enormous. In the regiments and divisions of Kolchak's Northern Group of Forces, it thundered: "We will make a path for our beloved leader to Vyatka, we will turn the enemy hordes into corpses. We are a mighty army, and the enemy cannot hold back the Pepelyaev Northern Group." However, it was not possible to take Vyatka and connect with the troops of General Miller. The retreat of all Kolchak's troops began, which turned into a flight. The First Siberian Army of General Pepelyaev perished entirely in the sector between Tomsk and Krasnoyarsk, covering the retreat to Irkutsk and further, beyond Lake Baikal, of two other armies - Kappel and Voitsekhovsky. General Pepelyaev, who fell into typhus, escaped captivity and recovered.

6. In Vladivostok, a military court sentenced Pepelyaev to death, but he wrote a letter to Kalinin asking for clemency. The request was considered, and in January 1924, a trial was held in Chita, which sentenced Pepelyaev to ten years in prison. The first two years the White Guard general spent in solitary confinement in the Yaroslavl political isolator. Then he was allowed to work as a carpenter, glazier and joiner, and even correspond with his wife in Harbin. In 1933, Pepelyaev's term ended, but back in 1932 he was extended for three years. After the release of Anatoly Nikolaevich, they settled in Voronezh, where he got a job as a carpenter. In August 1937, Pepelyaev was arrested a second time and taken to Novosibirsk, where he was charged with creating a counter-revolutionary organization, and on January 14, 1938 he was shot. It is curious that after 20 days, the winner of Pepelyaev in the Yakut taiga, the Vitebsk Latvian Jan Strod, was shot. He, like his opponent, was a participant in the First World War, a Knight of St. George, who was also awarded four Orders of the Red Banner.

7. On October 20, 1989, the prosecutor's office of the Novosibirsk region rehabilitated the White Guard general Anatoly Pepelyaev. July 15, 2011 in Tomsk at the city cemetery "Baktin" the grand opening of the monument to Lieutenant General Nikolai Pepelyaev and his son General Anatoly Pepelyaev took place.