Perpetuation of the memory of the Great Patriotic War. Confession on perpetuating the memory of the fallen defenders of the fatherland

This work was written for the competition "Raising Patriots of Russia". It provides information about the search work of the members of the circle "Young local historian", methodological recommendations are given to teachers working to perpetuate the memory of the Great Patriotic War.

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GBOU OOSH pos. Ilyichevsky

“Work to perpetuate the memory of the dead fellow villagers.

Book of Memory»

Zhaksilikova Natalya Nikolaevna,

A history teacher,

State budgetary

educational institution

Samara region main

Comprehensive school

Pos. Ilyichevsky

Municipal district Alekseevsky

Samara region

2015

Introduction. Explanatory note……………………………3

Main part……………………………………………………7

List of used literature…………………………22

Application……………………………………………………….24

Explanatory note

According to the Russian Committee of War Veterans, more than half a million soldiers and officers of the Great Patriotic War are still considered missing. To establish the names and fates of these soldiers, to restore social justice to the forgotten defenders of the Motherland, but in fact to show concern for the social protection of family members of military personnel is the duty of the state. This state task is solved by young people - members: search teams, local history circles and just teenagers who are not indifferent to the fate of the soldier and their small homeland.

The most important goal of modern domestic education and one of the priority tasks of society and the state is the upbringing, social and pedagogical support for the formation and development of a highly moral, responsible, creative, initiative, competent citizen of Russia.

In the nomination “Methodology for organizing and conducting search work, work to perpetuate the memory of the fallen defenders of the Fatherland”, I present the work on the topic “Methodology of work to perpetuate the memory of the dead fellow villagers. Book of Memory.

Relevance. June 22, 1941 is one of the most tragic dates in the history of our people. It was on this day that the Great Patriotic War of the Soviet people against Nazi Germany began. In the Alekseevsky district of the Kuibyshev region, active mobilization was carried out in the first days of the war - from June 23 to July 6, 1941. A total of 3557 people went to the front, more than two thousand did not return from the battlefields. In every village, town there are families that were affected by this war. People with love and respect keep letters from the front, personal belongings of those killed on the fronts and those who died after the war.

Many years have passed since the victory in the Great Patriotic

war. During this time, several generations of Russians were born and raised. They know almost nothing about the war.In the family, one can hear less and less talk about those terrible years in the history of our country.At home, in most cases, parents simply do not know what to tell. The veterans who fought at the front are over 80 years old. They are getting smaller every day. There is a threat of losing the historical memory of the great feat of our Motherland, of the people who forged the victory...

Application area: educational institutions of any type.

primary school teachers, class teachers, educators

organizers and teachers of additional education. Activity

teachers in this direction has positive opportunities:

for society as a whole - education historically

literate, active, citizens who can adequately respond to changes and are ready for a conflict-free solution of problems, attracting veteran and creative organizations to work with youth, make better use of their experience and spiritual potential in order to preserve and continue the glorious military traditions;

for the local community - unites and coordinates

multifaceted work of all state authorities, local self-government and public formations in this area;

for educational institutions - for teachers: mastering

teachers of new technologies, forms of work;

for students: the formation of a sense of patriotism and

civil liability.

Age groups: students in grades 1-9.

Implementation forms:

Meetings with veterans of the Great Patriotic War;

Honoring home front workers and labor veterans;

Conversations; class hours, quizzes;

Visiting local history, historical museums;

Visiting obelisks, monuments to fallen soldiers;

Correspondence travel, didactic games;

Recitation contests;

Competitions of drawings and posters, patriotic songs;

Reviews of the system and songs;

Viewing newsreels, documentaries and feature films dedicated to the historical pages and events of the Great Patriotic War;

Computer presentations;

Literary and musical compositions;

Thematic exhibitions dedicated to memorable events in the history of the Great Patriotic War;

Design of albums, folders, stands, expositions;

Volunteer work (providing assistance to veterans of the Great Patriotic War, participants in hostilities in hot spots, labor veterans, the disabled)

Implementation methods:persuasion, influence, encouragement,

stimulation.

Goals of the work:

In the field of personal development of students: fostering a sense of personal responsibility for the Fatherland to past, present and future generations.

In the sphere of public relations: development of a sense of patriotism, responsibility for another person;

In the field of public relations: the formation of motivation for active and responsible participation in public life.

Tasks:

To instill in students a sense of deep patriotism, faith in people, a readiness to stand up for peace, to defend their homeland;

Enrich students' knowledge about the heroic past of fellow countrymen, their people, country;

Collect information about the heroic past of fellow countrymen, create a Book of Memory.

To implement the work to perpetuate the memory of fellow villagers, there is the followingmaterial and technical base:

study room;

Equipment for demonstrating multimedia presentations (projector, laptop, interactive whiteboard - primary school classroom);

Color printer, scanner (home);

School and rural libraries.

Planned results

The selected forms and methods of work to perpetuate the memory of those who died for the Fatherland, in my opinion, will help achieve the following results:

Schoolchildren will get acquainted with the history of the feat of the Soviet soldier in the Great Patriotic War;

Formation of a respectful attitude to history, a sense of pride for their fellow villagers, for the Motherland;

Ability to ask questions, ask for help, formulate their difficulties;

Recording, fixing information about fellow countrymen, including with the help of ICT;

Work on the Internet to find the necessary information.

Main part

For several years, I was the leader of the "Young Local History" circle, currently I teach history and am the class teacher of the 7th grade. In the patriotic education of students in the lessons of history and local history, I use different forms and methods of work, in which I assign a large role to the author's program "Native Land".

At class hours, we raise questions about the civil, patriotic, legal education of young people, about the problems of the country, city, family, and the younger generation. The school hosts many events dedicated to the memorable events of Russian history. For several years I have been holding the "Memory Watch", the Day of Sorrow in the day camp, at the school there are reviews of formation and bearing, patriotic song contests, etc. Every year, rallies are held at the obelisks dedicated to Victory Day with the participation of veterans of the Second World War, residents of settlements. Themed weeks and the campaigns “They need our help”, “A bouquet for a veteran”, “My gift to a veteran”, “A veteran lives nearby” have become traditional. Every year, rallies dedicated to Victory Day are held at the obelisks with the participation of veterans of the Great Patriotic War, labor veterans, residents of settlements, and representatives of labor collectives. But of all the events held, the events related to the events of the Great Patriotic War and the conflicts in Afghanistan have the strongest emotional coloring and educational power. Of great importance are meetings with eyewitnesses of those events. But in our villages Ilyichevsk, Leningradsky, the village of Kalashinovka, not a single participant in the hostilities in the Great Patriotic War remained alive. But there are veterans living next to us who were 10-11 years old during the war years, they can tell teenagers about everyday work during the difficult war years.

In 2009 - 10 academic years. At a meeting of the “Young local historian” circle, it was decided to collect information about our fellow countrymen - participants in the Great Patriotic War and capture this information in the form of their own book, the name of which is “The Book of Memory. Live and remember ... ".

In 1994, the Samara Book of Memory was published, and there, most of the list of soldiers are missing, we had to bring this entire array into our introductory lists in order to work on them. We do not have specialized publications on the missing.

In search work, everything is passed through one's own hands and souls. This is how the study and preservation bit by bit of national history takes place - this is real, effective patriotism, in contrast to pseudo-patriotic speeches from various stands. Each fate of a fallen warrior saved by the search engines complements the national history, makes the past era visible through the study of its specificfacts and details.

We began our work on searching for data on fellow countrymen from studying the materials of the “Book of Memory” of the Samara Region of the Alekseevsky District, published in 1994, V.7. They chose the names of fellow countrymen who fell on the battlefields during the Great Patriotic War, compared them with the list on the obelisks to the fallen soldiers in the village of Kalashinovka, the village of Leningradsky and the village of Ilyichevsky. As a result of the comparison, it was revealed that there are names of soldiers from the village of Ilyichevsky that were not published in the “Book of Memory” - these are Bochkarev N.I., Lobin A.G., and Koval Sergey Ivanovich from the village of Leningradsky. We also found that there are warriors recorded in the Book of Memory, but not listed on the obelisk: natives of the village of Goryainovka Zarechin Mikhail Gerasimovich, Tyukalov Petr Ivanovich.

From the Book of Memory it is known that Yurin Yakov Ilyich died in 1941 and was buried in the village of Yablonevo, Tula region. On the Internet, we found information that he was reburied in a mass grave in the village of Zaoksky, Tula Region. It is suggestive that Yurin Ya.I. listed in the lists of the dead on the monuments in the village of Ilyichevsky and the village of Kalashinovka.

In the Samara Book of Memory Zhdanov Pavel Elizarovich is listed as dead in 1942, only two lines. But we received documents containing the following information: on July 13, 1942, the soldier received a through shrapnel wound. Due to the severity of the wound, he died on August 11, 1942 in the 2nd Clinical Hospital. Pavel Elizarovich was buried in Moscow at the Preobrazhensky cemetery in a mass grave, plot No. 48, grave No. 55. Now we have documentary evidence about our fellow countryman.

“Cherepkov Pavel Sergeevich, born in 1926 Private. He died in 1945" - just one line written in the Book of Memory. But on site"People's feat"we found the following information: “Drawn to the army in October 1944, served on the 3rd Ukrainian Front…

In offensive battles on April 9-10, 1945, he personally acted bravely, overcoming a two-kilometer water barrier, brought cartridges to a machine gun, and ensured uninterrupted firing at the enemy. Personally, participating in the attack of the enemy, he was the first to break into his location and destroyed the enemy’s light machine gun with grenades. In this battle Comrade. Cherepkov was killed. For personal courage and courage in battle ... Comrade. Cherepkov is worthy of being awarded the Order of the Patriotic War II degree posthumously.

We read the following mean entry: “Kharin Petr Romanovich, born in 1919, Private. Killed in 1943." We would never know what our countryman was like, since relatives from the village left long ago, and we don’t know where to look for them. And from the award list dated March 22, 1942, we learn about Pyotr Romanovich that he was an excellent, disciplined soldier. “Working as a tractor driver for the evacuation of military vehicles, in a short period, despite severe frosts and snowstorms, he towed 8 T-60 and T-34 tanks to the loading station, making marches from 60 to 100 km. His tractor is always ready to perform combat missions ... The medal "For Courage" is worthy of the government award.

Paramonov Pavel Nikonorovich's grandson lives in the village of Ilyichevsky, who remembers that his grandfather had awards, but for what, and by whom he served during the war, is unknown. We found award sheets in which we read: “Paramonov P.N., senior sergeant, driving battery of 76-mm cannons of the 392nd rifle regiment of the 73rd rifle Novozybkov Order of Lenin of the Red Banner Order of Suvorov Division. At the front since December 1941. He had two wounds - in 1942 and 19444. He was awarded the medal "For Military Merit" on 12/17/1943 and the Order of the Red Star on May 25, 1945.

During the Patriotic War Comrade. Paramonov accurately and accurately carried out all the combat missions of the command. During the offensive battles in the winter and spring of 1945, he was often in combat formations, carrying out instructions for the preparation of party documents and conducting combat conversations with the fighters as a grassroots agitator. In battles under heavy enemy fire, he inspired the fighters with his soldier's word and call for a heroic struggle. On March 24, 1945, east of the village of Gruinsberg, going on the offensive with the soldiers, comrade. Paramonov destroyed several German soldiers…” Relatives were glad that we found information, now we have something to tell our great-grandchildren about the heroic ancestor.

We have updated information about some participants in the Great Patriotic War. Kurov Aleksey Nikitovich, a native of the village of Letnikovo in the village of Ilyichevsky, is known and remembered not only by the older generation, but also by young people. A veteran of the Great Patriotic War, Labor was a frequent guest at ceremonial events at the school. He spoke little about himself, about the military time. It is known that he was called to the front in 1943, had the rank of sergeant, was the commander of the rifle squad of the 26th rifle division, 312th regiment. Fought on the Second Baltic Front. He was awarded the Order of Glory III degree, the medal "For Courage", etc. For us, local historians, an archival document is of great importance - the award list of Sergeant Kurov A.N. dated June 2, 1944. In it we read: “... He was a participant in the battles on March 26-27, 1944, when crossing the Velikaya River and breaking through the enemy’s defenses. At the head of his squad, he participated in repulsing the enemy counterattack on March 31, 1944. With an example of personal courage and courage, he carried the fighters to military exploits. In a grenade battle and fire from a machine gun, he destroyed 3 Nazis in this battle. Worthy of the government award of the Order of Glory III degree. There is also an order to award the medal “For Courage” dated June 22, 1944: “... the fearless junior commander proved himself in repeated offensive battles with the German invaders. Being on the defensive, he was the first to open a record of the extermination of the German occupiers. With a well-aimed shot from a rifle, he destroyed a German soldier.

The younger brother of Katyshev Nikolai Mikhailovich lives in the village of Ilyichevsky,during the war years, who was 11 years old. Grigory Mikhailovich remembers from his brother's story that he was awarded the medals "For Courage" and "For Military Merit" and no more details. Now we can say with certainty for what merits Nikolai Mikhailovich was awarded government awards. Katyshev N.M., born in 1922, corporal, reconnaissance officer of the 433rd Fighter Anti-Tank Division of the 318th Infantry Novorossiysk Division. He had two minor wounds - in September 1943 and in May 1944. “Being a scout for a year in the division, I spotted 10 firing points on the front line of the enemy. During the battles for Novorossiysk, simultaneously acting as a liaison and telephone operator, three times under heavy enemy artillery fire he eliminated gusts ... On September 18, 1943, delivering a combat order under heavy enemy fire, comrade. Katyshev was wounded ... ". We also learned that Nikolai Mikhailovich took part in the battles for Sevastopol, where he showed his best qualities. According to his tips, 4 enemy firing points were destroyed. Grandchildren and great-grandchildren can be proud of their great-grandfather.

We believe that we have collected a large and important material about our countrymen, participants in the Great Patriotic War. All information is systematized and framed in the “Book of Memory. Live and remember…”, which contains materials about veterans: photographs, copies of certificates, a military ID, books of a Red Army soldier. Photocopies of medals and orders of war veterans, archival documents - award lists, award orders are presented.

We also created a small stand - an exposition, which has three sections: "They defended the Motherland", "Battle for Leningrad", "Children to the front".

The exposition gives us an idea of the heroic labor and combat path of our countrymen during the war years. We, the younger generation, should never forget the price at which we got a happy and cloudless childhood. We must live and remember the people who gave us peace on earth.

In the future, we plan to create a local history museum at the school, where the material we have collected about fellow countrymen participating in the Great Patriotic War will be presented.

The theoretical and practical significance of the study lies in the fact that as a result of the work done,systematized and summarized data on 65 of our countrymen, participants in the Great Patriotic War. We are working on the compilation of Books of Memory about the soldiers of three settlements: the village of Ilyichevsk, the village of Leningradsky, the village of Kalashinovka. Our material can be used by both students and teachers in their work, as well as in class hours and school-wide events.

Our research is not over yet, we continue to collect information, and will supplement our Memory Books.

The memory of a people is its history. It is she who unites us all. A person without memory is nothing. A people without history is inconceivable. Genuine patriotism is based on a deep understanding of the past, because in the past we draw the experience necessary to build the future. It is the national history that instills in a person such a necessary sense of patriotism and national pride. A real citizen-patriot must know the history of his Motherland. We need knowledge of the past in order to learn from it and build our present correctly. Patriotism becomes the most important motive for the socially significant activity of a young person and in subsequent years of his self-realization - throughout his life.

“I ask one thing to those who will survive this time:

do not forget! Don't forget the good or the bad.

Patiently gather testimonies of those

who fell for himself and for you.

The day will come when the present will become the past,

When they talk about the great time

And nameless heroes who made history.

I would like everyone to know

that there were no nameless heroes,

that there were people who had their own name, their own appearance,

their aspirations and hopes, and therefore the torment

the most inconspicuous of them were no less

than the agony of one whose name will go down in history.

May these people always be close to you,

as friends, as relatives, as yourself.

Julius Fucik "Reporting with a noose around his neck"

For educators involved in the work of perpetuating memory

Fallen defenders of the Fatherland

1. Acceptance of the application.

To start the search, it is necessary to obtain as much information as possible about the missing soldier from relatives. You can prepare a questionnaire - an application that includes several main fields: last name, first name, patronymic, year and place of birth, year and place of conscription, type of troops, position, rank, unit number, field mail, fate known to relatives. At the same time, information about the unit number and field mail must be confirmed by copies of surviving letters and documents. Such a confirmation application is required because data reported from memory by relatives often required viewing a large number of files in the archive and did not give a result.

2. Entering into the database.

All applications are assigned an incoming number, and they are entered into the database. Today, almost every teacher knows ICT, so it will not be a big problem to create an electronic database, it will allow you to avoid repeating work with the fate of military personnel.

3. Search workpopulation survey method.

In connection with the existing inaccuracies and the absence in the All-Russian Book of Memory of records about the place of death and burial of the defenders of the Fatherland, replenishment and clarification of a single computer data bank on the dead (missing), a targeted event is being conducted on a door-to-door (door-to-door survey). Students are involved in the survey as part of programs to study the history of their native land. The poll establishes:

FULL NAME. participant of the Great Patriotic Wars;

Returned from the front, died or went missing;

A separate item specifies whether the name of a participant in the Great Patriotic War is included in the All-Russian Book of Memory;

The biography, information about military awards is being specified.

The information received is rechecked in TsAMO, in the editorial offices of the All-Union Communist Party at the place of residence and the death of a serviceman, and is entered into a single computer data bank on the fallen defenders of the Fatherland.

4. Checking the Books of Memory.

If possible, all applications are checked against the Books of Memory of the area from which the soldier was called up. Such a check allows you to establish additional information about him, as well as find out whether he is immortalized.

5. Check by United Database "Memorial".

Literally a year ago, a unique project appeared on the Internet, thanks to which the search for military personnel was greatly simplified and accelerated. By accessing the Internet at the link www.obd-memorial.ru, you can find out how wanted is listed in the Central Archive of the Ministry of Defense. For a successful search in this database, you must keep in mind the following:

This project is under development, therefore it is updated periodically, and the information contained there is incomplete. Those. it happens that once you type a person, you can not find him, but after a while, he appears there.

The last name, first name and patronymic should be typed very carefully. If there is an option for another reading of the desired surname, then you must also try it, because. documents during the Great Patriotic War were mainly filled out by ear and by hand, and this allows you to write and read in different ways.

When you find the right person, you need to print two sheets. The first one shows the full name and other data typed on the computer, as well as the fund, inventory, case from which the information was taken. On the second sheet there is directly a scan of the document, where the soldier is mentioned. There can be several documents per person. Everything must be printed.

It should be borne in mind that in our large country there were many namesakes. Therefore, it is better to check as much additional information as possible: year of birth, place, names of relatives and their address.

Particular attention should be paid to information from the military registration and enlistment offices. As a rule, this information includes only the last name, first name and patronymic, sometimes even the year of birth. This is not always enough to identify the person you are looking for.

6. In 2011, another wonderful project appeared on the Internet - a public electronic document bank"The Feat of the People in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945"

The Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation presents a unique information resource of open access, filled with all the documents available in the military archives on the progress and results of the main military operations, exploits and awards of all the soldiers of the Great Patriotic War.

The main goals of the project are to perpetuate the memory of all the heroes of the Victory, regardless of the rank, the scale of the feat, the status of the award, the military-patriotic education of young people on the example of the military exploits of their fathers, as well as the creation of a factual basis for countering attempts to falsify the history of the War.

The creation of the most complete electronic bank of documents on a key period in the modern history of civilization has no analogues in terms of volume, historical and social significance, and is an eternal monument to the great Feat of the People.

How to work with the site: step by step instructions

It should be noted that this site is constantly updated. If March 13, 2013 in Alekseevsky RVC, Kuibyshev region. there were 8 pages, then on March 22 - already 81. I think that many will find on the site the names of their relatives or their fellow countrymen that are of interest to them.

7. I want to recommend another site where you can find information about Soviet prisoners of war - this isDocumentation Center (CD) is a research institution underUnited Saxon memorials in memory of the victims of political terror , Dresden.

The database of Soviet prisoners of war contains information about Soviet prisoners of war during the Second World War, who were either in prisoner of war camps or in labor battalions, mainly located on the territory of the Reich. If you are lucky, you will be able to find not only brief information about the wanted person, but also an individual card with records: about transfer from one camp to another, illness, death of a soldier, as well as a photo on the document (although rare, but there are).

I will give a specific example: in the book of Memory of the Samara Region of the Alekseevsky District, Pavel Egorovich Sinichkin is listed as dead in 1942. We found information that he was captured in May 1942 in the Crimea and was in a camp in Baden until 1944 d. The further fate is still unknown, now we are writing a request to Germany in order to issue us a certificate on our soldier.

7. Analysis of the collected information.

If the database indicates the place of burial of a serviceman in the documents of TsAMO and the military registration and enlistment office, then we can say that the search is completed, it remains to inform the relatives. But this rarely happens. There is an option that only the time and place of death are indicated. Then such applications are postponed in order to make a request to the military registration and enlistment office. These two options are among the small number of successful finds when the wording is "died".

A completely different situation is when the documents say "missing." If you can find the exact time and place of the disappearance in the documents of the unit on the base, then you can find information about the military operations of the unit on the specified day. Due to the lack of a clearly developed law on the procedure for perpetuating the memory of soldiers, writing to the military registration and enlistment office of the area where the person went missing makes little sense. It is also possible to establish the approximate area of the death of military personnel if the number of the unit in which he served is known. The search for most applications ends with finding information in the archive that their relative went missing at about such and such a time. It is almost impossible to search for any information about a person without knowing the number of the military unit.

8. Work in archives. Search work in archives, first of all, consists in studying the primary sources of archival documents in order to obtain information for organizing field work, about irretrievable losses, and processing information obtained during search work. The main place for research work is the Central Archive of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation (Podolsk) with a fund for storing documents of units and subunits from June 2, 1941 to the present day, the Russian State Military Archive (RGVA), the Archive of Military Medical Documents of the Military Medical Museum of the Ministry of Defense Russian Federation St. Petersburg.

9. Perpetuation of the memory of the dead and missing servicemen.

When establishing the exact place of death of a soldier, it is necessary to send a request to the military registration and enlistment office of the district or region in which the soldier died, whether he is listed with them, and also write that if he is not listed, then ask to be immortalized. Be sure to attach copies of documents from which it is clear where you got the idea that the fighter died in a particular area. Typically, military registration and enlistment offices respond to such letters within a month or two. They report exactly where the serviceman is buried. If they do not have such a fighter, then they perpetuate him on the basis of your documents sent and inform you about it.

10. Reply to relatives.

All the information collected must be collected together, a response to relatives must be made, answers from the archive and data from the Internet must be attached. If there is interesting information about the fate of a serviceman, then the results of your work can be presented at solemn events.

I will highlight the important requirements for this process:

- when working with relatives or close people of the found warrior, it is necessary to rely only on documents certified by the archive and in no case add a "gag" in relation to the events of those years

If possible, provide information to relatives personally, having previously prepared them morally, since most of them are elderly people, for whom even good news can be a serious blow to health.

Wishes to teachers involved in search work: it must be borne in mind that as a result of the study there are pluses and minuses:

Firstly, it is the joy of finding information about the deceased or the military path of a soldier;

Secondly, it is necessary to warn pupils against the inevitable in many cases disappointment associated with numerous inaccuracies and errors in military documents and texts of nominal articles, in volumes of the Books of Memory.

Leaders need to weigh the pros and cons before engaging their kids in this massive event. Having decided to participate in it, one must honestly tell the children about the difficulties and possible failures. It is necessary to teach adolescents how to competently respond to "misfires" and find adequate ways to solve the tasks.

Summing up, I would like to note that the younger generation needs courageous, thoughtful teachers and senior comrades who are able to educate strong-willed, responsible and convinced patriots.

List of used literature

Sources

Book of Memory. T. 7. Samara region. Samara: 1994 - 320 p.
TsAMO, F. 33, Op. 686196, unit storage 5324
TsAMO, F. 33, Op. 682524, unit storage 480
TsAMO, F. 33, Op. 686044, unit storage 2729
TsAMO, F. 33, Op. 690155, unit storage 180
TsAMO, F. 33, Op. 686044, unit storage 2738

Collections of documents

State program "Patriotic education of citizens of the Russian Federation for 2010-2015".
Law of the Russian Federation of January 14, 1993 No. “On perpetuating the memory of those who died defending the Fatherland” (in red. Federal Laws No. 122-FZ of 22.08.2004, No. 179-FZ of 03.11.2006, No. 160-FZ of 23.07.2008, No. 213-FZ of 18.07.2011).
"The concept of spiritual and moral development and education of the personality of a citizen of Russia."

Literature

1. Agapova I.A., M.A. Davydov. We are patriots! Moscow: VAKO,

2006. - 368 p.

2. Museum and school /Comp. E.A. Pavlyuchenko. M.: Enlightenment,

1985. - 192 p.

3. Tourist and local history circles at school / ed. V.V. Titov. M.:

Enlightenment, 1988. - 157 p.

4. Khramkov L.V. Samara region in the fate of Russia. Samara: publishing house

"Samara University", 2006. - 371 p.

Internet resources

General list of those buried in the territory of the Tula region.
United database of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation www. obd-memorial.ru
Public electronic document bank "People's feat in the Great Patriotic War"http://www.podvig-naroda.ru/
Site “Great Patriotic War. 1941-1945"

http://1941-1945.at.ua/_fr/7/3526879.jpeg

Methodology for organizing and conducting the Lessons of Courage. Compiled by:

Uzhovenko L. V. Deputy Director for Water Resource Management. 2011.

Application

Questionnaire

For schoolchildren

1. What caused your interest in search work, that is, what was

incentive impulse?

2. What keeps you interested in search work at the present time?

3. What areas of search activity have you tried out?

4. What would you like to master - specifically: what theoretical knowledge and practical skills?

5. What difficulties and obstacles arise in the work?

6. What is especially important for you in search work?

7. What is the attitude of family and friends towards your participation in search work?

8. Were you interested in the fate of your relatives who participated in the Great Patriotic War?

9 . Do you think it is necessary to carry out work to perpetuate the memory of fellow countrymen?

10. Are you ready to become a mentor for new searchers in the future?

USEFUL REFERENCE INFORMATION

CONSOLIDATED LIST OF ARCHIVES OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION AND THE FORMER USSR:

Archives of civil subordination.

1. Committee for Archives under the Government of the Russian Federation - 103132, Moscow, st. Ilyinka 12.

2. Russian State Military Archive (former TsGASA) 125212, Moscow, st. Admiral Makarov 29.

3. Russian State Military Historical Archive (former TsGVIA) - 107864, Moscow, st. 2nd Baumanskaya 3.

4. Russian State Archive of the Navy (former Central State Archive of the Navy) 191065, St. Petersburg, st. Khalturina 36 (now renamed).

5. Central repository of historical documentary collections (former Central State Archive of the October Revolution) -119817, Moscow, st. Bolshaya Pirogovskaya 17.

6. Russian State Archive of Economics (former TsGANKh) - 119817, Moscow, st. Bolshaya Pirogovskaya 17.

7. Russian State Center for the Storage and Study of Documents of Contemporary History (former party archive of the Marx-Engels-Lenin Institute) - 103821, Moscow, st. Pushkinskaya 15.

8. Central State Archive of Social Movements of Moscow (former party archive of the Moscow Party Organization) - 109544, Moscow, st. International 10.

9. Central State Special Archive (TSGOA) - 125212, Moscow, st. Vyborgskaya 3.

10. Center for the storage of modern documentation (former archive of the Central Committee of the CPSU) - 103132, Moscow, st. Ilyinka 12.

11. Central archive of film and photo documents - 143000, Moscow region, Krasnogorsk, st. River 1.

12. Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts - 119817, Moscow, st. Bolshaya Pirogovskaya 17.

13. Center for storing documents of youth organizations (former archive of the Central Committee of the Komsomol) -101000, Moscow, per. Big Cherkassky 5.

14. Archive of the Department of Air Transport (civil aviation) - 125826, 37 Leningradsky Ave.

15. Central archive of the Ministry of Railways - 107174, Moscow, st. Butt 15.

16. Russian State Library (former Lenin Library) - military department - 101000, Moscow, Novoarbatsky prospect, 3.

17. Archive of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation - 113093, Moscow, st. Bolshaya Serpukhovskaya 15.

Archives of military and other subordination

1. Central archive of the Ministry of Defense (TsAMO) - 142117, Moscow region, Podolsk, st. Kirov, 74.

2. Central Naval Archive of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation - 188350, Leningrad Region, Gatchina, Krasnoarmeisky per. 2.

3. Central archive of the internal troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation - 107150, Moscow, st. Pushkinskaya 15.

4. Archive of military medical documents of the Military Medical Museum of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation - 191180, St. Petersburg, Lazaretny per. 2.

5. Archive of the Strategic Missile Forces - 103160, Moscow, K-160.

6. Archive of the General Staff of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation - archive of military unit 61379, 103160, Moscow, K-160.

7. Department of Registration and Archival Funds of the Federal Counterintelligence Service of the Russian Federation - 101000, Moscow, Lubyanskaya Square 2.

8. Central Museum of the Armed Forces - 125157, Moscow, st. Soviet Army 2.

9. Military Scientific Library of the General Staff of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation - 103160, Moscow, st. Kropotkinskaya 19.

10. Institute of Military History - 117330, Moscow, University Avenue, 14.

11. Archive of the Border Troops - 143413, Moscow Region, Pushkino.

12. Archive of the Leningrad Military District - 191000, St. Petersburg.

13. Archive of the former Belarusian military district - 220003, Minsk-3.

14. Archive of the former Kyiv military district - 252010, Kyiv.

15. Archive of the Moscow Military District - 113035, Moscow, st. Osipenko 53.

16. Archive of the Volga-Ural Military District - 443010, Samara-10.

17. Archive of the Far Eastern Military District - 680038, Khabarovsk-38.

18. Archive of the Moscow Air Defense Military District - p / o Nemchinovka, Odintsovo district. Moscow region.

19. Archive of the troops of the Far East - 670040, Ulan-Ude, military unit 75418.

20. Archive of the Baltic Fleet - 236006, Kaliningrad (regional).

Search organizations of the regions of the Russian Federation:

Bryansk regional association of search teams "Patriot"

http://www.patriotbryansk.narod.ru

Website of the Voronezh Search Engines

http://vrnbase.weltkrieg.ru

Military-patriotic club "Memory", Voronezh

http://www.samsv.narod.ru

Ikrut regional youth public organization "Tribute to Memory"

http://www.alsib.irk.ru

Search squad "Patriot" Molodyozhny Naro-Fominsky district Moscow region

http://www.westfront.narod.ru

Search Association "Kurgan", Nizhny Novgorod

http://www.kurgan.nnov.ru

Search team "Bear", Smolensk

http://smolpoisk.boxmail.biz

Tver regional public organization "Scientific-historical military-patriotic center" Podvig "

http://www.podvig-tver.narod.ru

Search squad "Prometheus", Tomsk

http://www.prometey.city.tomsk.net

Regional public organization "Tula Regional Youth Search Center "Iskatel"

http:// www.iskateltula.ru

Search organizations in Moscow:

Search squad "Vysota", Moscow

http://www.po-visota.narod.ru

Military search detachment "Dozor", Moscow

http://www.dozor.narod.ru

Group of military archeology "Seeker", Moscow

http://www.iskatel.narod.ru

Search squad "We must live!" Moscow city

http://www.poiskovik.newmail.ru

International Association of Public Search Associations "People's Memory of Defenders of the Fatherland", Moscow

http://www.maopo.narod.ru

Search team "North-West", Moscow

http://www.northwest.ru

Regional public organization Military-Patriotic search association "Capital", Moscow

http://i-poisk.narod.ru

Regional youth public organization "Search Association "Trizna", Moscow

http://www.trizna.ru

Search organizations in St. Petersburg:

Search detachment "Named after the 73rd separate marine rifle brigade", St. Petersburg

http://www.po-73brigada.narod.ru

Search student team "Ingria", St. Petersburg

http://www.history.pu.ru/ingria

Search group "Karelsky Val", St. Petersburg

http://www.karel-val.narod.ru

Search squad "Patriot", St. Petersburg

http://www.po-patriot.com

Regional search center St. Petersburg

http://www.spbrpc.ru

Database of the dead and missing CPI OO RT "Fatherland"

http://www.ipc.antat.ru/index.asp / A more complete database of dead and missing soldiers (compared to the one on the site /

Book of memory of the Smolensk Region

http://admin.smolensk.ru/~muz_zap/kniga/access.htm

Database of people who were in German captivity in Norway

http://129.177.171.80/cgi-win/webcens.exe?slag=visbase&filnamn=krgfang1&spraak=e&metanr=2510

A valuable Norwegian resource in the English version about our soldiers who were in German captivity in Norway during the Great Patriotic War, more than 85,000 people in total. To view the list, press the "NEXT" button.

Book of Memory of the Tver Region

http://www.history.tver.ru/book/index.html

The site of the Tver Military Historical Internet Center, which includes an array of the regional Book of Memory

Book of Memory of the Sverdlovsk Region

http://memobook.midural.ru/index/ru/memobook

Book of Memory of the Chelyabinsk Region

http://www.ural-chel.ru/arhiv/knpam/

Book of Memory of the Volgograd Region

http://memorybook.volgadmin.ru/03.asp

Book of Memory of the Kaluga region.

http://www.field.kaluga.ru/book_pamyati_1.htm

Book of Memory of the Republic of Karelia

http://pobeda.onego.ru/

Book of Memory. Officers' Camp Hammelburg

http://www.hammelburg.ru/

Section I. General Provisions (Articles 1-2)
Section II. Burials of those killed in the defense of the Fatherland (art. 3 - 7)
Section III. Search work (Articles 8-9)
Section IV. Bodies of state power and local self-government, carrying out work to perpetuate the memory of those who died in the defense of the Fatherland, and their powers (Articles 10 - 11)
Section V. Financial and logistical support for measures to perpetuate the memory of those who died defending the Fatherland. Liability for violation of this Law (art. 12 - 13)

Law of the Russian Federation of January 14, 1993 N 4292-1
"On perpetuating the memory of those who died defending the Fatherland"

With changes and additions from:

August 22, 2004, November 3, 2006, July 23, 2008, July 18, 2011, April 5, 2013, July 3, 2016, December 5, 2017, July 19, 2018

Respect for the memory of those who died defending the Fatherland or its interests is the sacred duty of all citizens.

The president

Moscow, House of Soviets of Russia

The memory of the dead and missing in the course of hostilities, in the performance of other combat missions or in the performance of official duties to defend the Fatherland, who died in the performance of military duty in the territories of other states, as well as those who died from wounds, contusions, injuries or diseases received in defense of the Fatherland. The memory of the dead and those who died in captivity is immortalized, in which they ended up due to the prevailing military situation, but who did not lose their honor and dignity, who did not betray their homeland. Tribute to the memory is also paid to foreign citizens who died defending Russia.

In addition, the memory of associations, formations and institutions that distinguished themselves in the defense of the Fatherland is perpetuated, as well as the places of hostilities that have gone down in history as symbols of heroism, courage and steadfastness of the peoples of our Fatherland.

Forms of perpetuating the memory of those killed in the defense of the Fatherland have been fixed: the preservation and improvement of military graves and certain territories historically associated with the exploits of the victims, the installation of memorial structures, the creation of memorial museums, the organization of exhibitions, relevant publications in the media, the establishment of memorable dates, the entry of the names of the victims and other information about them in the books of Memory, assigning the names and surnames of the dead to settlements, streets and squares, physical and geographical objects, enterprises, institutions, etc.

An independent section of the Law is devoted to the burial places of those who died defending the Fatherland. The order of burial (reburial) was determined, the issues of state accounting, maintenance and improvement of military burials, ensuring their safety and restoration were considered.

In order to identify unknown military graves and unburied remains, to establish the names of the dead or the names of the missing, search work is being carried out. It is organized on the basis of local programs and carried out by public associations authorized to carry out such work by state authorities and administrations. Conducting search work in places where hostilities took place, as well as opening military graves as an amateur initiative, is prohibited. The procedure for conducting such work is fixed.

The governing bodies that carry out work to perpetuate the memory of those who died in the defense of the Fatherland, and their powers, have been determined. The issues of financial and logistical support of measures to perpetuate the memory, as well as liability for violation of the Law, were considered.

Law of the Russian Federation of January 14, 1993 N 4292-1 "On perpetuating the memory of those who died defending the Fatherland"

South - East Department of the Ministry of Education

and science of the Samara region

District stage of the All-Russian competition of teaching aids (methodological materials) for the best organization of work on the patriotic education of students

"Raising Patriots of Russia"

Nomination

"Methods of organizing and conducting search work, work to perpetuate the memory of the fallen defenders of the Fatherland"

“Work to perpetuate the memory of the dead fellow villagers.

Book of Memory»

Zhaksilikova Natalya Nikolaevna,

a history teacher,

State budgetary

educational institution

Samara region main

comprehensive school

settlement Ilyichevsky

municipal district Alekseevsky

Samara region

2013

Content

Introduction. Explanatory note……………………………3

Main part……………………………………………………7

List of used literature…………………………22

Application……………………………………………………….24

Explanatory note

Relevance. June 22, 1941 is one of the most tragic dates in the history of our people. It was on this day that the Great Patriotic War of the Soviet people against Nazi Germany began. In the Alekseevsky district of the Kuibyshev region, active mobilization was carried out in the first days of the war - from June 23 to July 6, 1941. A total of 3557 people went to the front, more than two thousand did not return from the battlefields. In every village, town there are families that were affected by this war. People with love and respect keep letters from the front, personal belongings of those killed on the fronts and those who died after the war.

Many years have passed since the victory in the Great Patriotic

Application area : educational institutions of any type.

primary school teachers, class teachers, educators

organizers and teachers of additional education. Activity

teachers in this direction has positive opportunities:

for society as a whole - education historically

for the local community - unites and coordinates

multifaceted work of all state authorities, local self-government and public formations in this area;

for educational institutions - for teachers: mastering

teachers of new technologies, forms of work;

for students: the formation of a sense of patriotism and

civil liability.

Age groups : students in grades 1-9.

Implementation forms :

Meetings with veterans of the Great Patriotic War;

Honoring home front workers and labor veterans;

Conversations; class hours, quizzes;

Visiting local history, historical museums;

Visiting obelisks, monuments to fallen soldiers;

Correspondence travel, didactic games;

Recitation contests;

Competitions of drawings and posters, patriotic songs;

Reviews of the system and songs;

Viewing newsreels, documentaries and feature films dedicated to the historical pages and events of the Great Patriotic War;

Computer presentations;

Literary and musical compositions;

Thematic exhibitions dedicated to memorable events in the history of the Great Patriotic War;

Design of albums, folders, stands, expositions;

Volunteer work (providing assistance to veterans of the Great Patriotic War, participants in hostilities in hot spots, labor veterans, the disabled)

Implementation methods: persuasion, influence, encouragement,

stimulation.

Work goals :

In the field of personal development of students: fostering a sense of personal responsibility for the Fatherland to past, present and future generations.

In the sphere of public relations: development of a sense of patriotism, responsibility for another person;

In the field of public relations: the formation of motivation for active and responsible participation in public life.

Tasks:

- preserve the memory of the main events and historical pages of the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945;

To instill in students a sense of deep patriotism, faith in people, a readiness to stand up for peace, to defend their homeland;

Enrich students' knowledge about the heroic past of fellow countrymen, their people, country;

Collect information about the heroic past of fellow countrymen, create a Book of Memory.

To implement the work to perpetuate the memory of fellow villagers, there is the followingmaterial and technical base :

study room;

Equipment for demonstrating multimedia presentations (projector, laptop, interactive whiteboard - primary school classroom);

Color printer, scanner (home);

School and rural libraries.

Planned results

Selected forms and methods of work to perpetuate the memory of those who died for the Fatherland,in my opinion, will help to achieve the following results:

Schoolchildren will get acquainted with the history of the feat of the Soviet soldier in the Great Patriotic War;

Formation of a respectful attitude to history, a sense of pride for their fellow villagers, for the Motherland;

Skill ask questions, ask for help, formulate their difficulties;

Recording, fixing information about fellow countrymen, including with the help of ICT;

Work on the Internet to find the necessary information.

Main part

In 2009 - 10 academic years. G. at a meeting of the "Young local historian" circle, it was decided to collect information about our fellow countrymen - participants in the Great Patriotic War and capture this information in the form of their own book, the name of which is "The Book of Memory. Live and remember ... ".

“Cherepkov Pavel Sergeevich, born in 1926 Private. He died in 1945" - just one line written in the Book of Memory. But on the site “Feat of the People” we found the following information: “Drawn into the army in October 1944, served on the 3rd Ukrainian Front ...

In offensive battles on April 9-10, 1945, he personally acted bravely, overcoming a two-kilometer water barrier, brought cartridges to a machine gun, and ensured uninterrupted firing at the enemy. Personally, participating in the attack of the enemy, he was the first to break into his location and destroyed the enemy’s light machine gun with grenades. In this battle Comrade. Cherepkov was killed. For personal courage and courage in battle ... Comrade. Cherepkov deserves the Order of the Patriotic WarIIdegrees posthumously"

We have updated information about some participants in the Great Patriotic War. Kurov Aleksey Nikitovich, a native of the village of Letnikovo in the village of Ilyichevsky, is known and remembered not only by the older generation, but also by young people. A veteran of the Great Patriotic War, Labor was a frequent guest at ceremonial events at the school. He spoke little about himself, about the military time. It is known that he was called to the front in 1943, had the rank of sergeant, was the commander of the rifle squad of the 26th rifle division, 312th regiment. Fought on the Second Baltic Front. Awarded with the Order of GloryIIIdegree, the medal "For Courage", etc. For us, local historians, an archival document is of great importance - the award list of Sergeant Kurov A.N. dated June 2, 1944. In it we read: “... He was a participant in the battles on March 26-27, 1944, when crossing the Velikaya River and breaking through the enemy’s defenses. At the head of his squad, he participated in repulsing the enemy counterattack on March 31, 1944. With an example of personal courage and courage, he carried the fighters to military exploits. In a grenade battle and fire from a machine gun, he destroyed 3 Nazis in this battle. Worthy of the government award of the Order of GloryIIIdegrees." There is also an order to award the medal “For Courage” dated June 22, 1944: “... the fearless junior commander proved himself in repeated offensive battles with the German invaders. Being on the defensive, he was the first to open a record of the extermination of the German occupiers. With a well-aimed shot from a rifle, he destroyed a German soldier.

The younger brother of Katyshev Nikolai Mikhailovich lives in the village of Ilyichevsky, during the war years, who was 11 years old. Grigory Mikhailovich remembers from his brother's story that he was awarded the medals "For Courage" and "For Military Merit" and no more details. Now we can say with certainty for what merits Nikolai Mikhailovich was awarded government awards. Katyshev N.M., born in 1922, corporal, reconnaissance officer of the 433rd Fighter Anti-Tank Division of the 318th Infantry Novorossiysk Division. He had two minor wounds - in September 1943 and in May 1944. “Being a scout for a year in the division, I spotted 10 firing points on the front line of the enemy. During the battles for Novorossiysk, simultaneously acting as a liaison and telephone operator, three times under heavy enemy artillery fire he eliminated gusts ... On September 18, 1943, delivering a combat order under heavy enemy fire, comrade. Katyshev was wounded ... ". We also learned that Nikolai Mikhailovich took part in the battles for Sevastopol, where he showed his best qualities. According to his tips, 4 enemy firing points were destroyed. Grandchildren and great-grandchildren can be proud of their great-grandfather.

We also created a small stand - an exposition, which has three sections: "They defended the Motherland", "Battle for Leningrad", "Children to the front".

In the future, we plan to create a local history museum at the school, where the material we have collected about fellow countrymen participating in the Great Patriotic War will be presented.

The theoretical and practical significance of the study lies in the fact thatAs a result of the work done, we found systematized and summarized data on 65 of our countrymen, participants in the Great Patriotic War. We are working on the compilation of Books of Memory about the soldiers of three settlements: the village of Ilyichevsk, the village of Leningradsky, the village of Kalashinovka. Our material can be used by both students and teachers in their work, as well as in class hours and school-wide events.

Our research is not over yet, we continue to collect information, and will supplement our Memory Books.

The memory of a people is its history. It is she who unites us all. A person without memory is nothing. A people without history is inconceivable. Genuine patriotism is based on a deep understanding of the past, because in the past we draw the experience necessary to build the future. It is the national history that instills in a person such a necessary sense of patriotism and national pride. A real citizen-patriot must know the history of his Motherland. We need knowledge of the past in order to learn from it and build our present correctly.Patriotism becomes the most important motive for the socially significant activity of a young person and in subsequent years of his self-realization - throughout his life.

“I ask one thing to those who will survive this time:

do not forget! Don't forget the good or the bad.

Patiently gather testimonies of those

who fell for himself and for you.

The day will come when the present will become the past,

When they talk about the great time

And nameless heroes who made history.

I would like everyone to know

that there were no nameless heroes,

that there were people who had their own name, their own appearance,

their aspirations and hopes, and therefore the torment

the most inconspicuous of them were no less

than the agony of one whose name will go down in history.

May these people always be close to you,

as friends, as relatives, as yourself.

Julius Fucik "Reporting with a noose around his neck"

for educators involved in the work of perpetuating the memory

fallen defenders of the Fatherland

1. Acceptance of the application.

2. Entering into the database.

3. Search workpopulation survey method .

FULL NAME. participant of the Great Patriotic Wars;

Returned from the front, died or went missing;

A separate item specifies whether the name of a participant in the Great Patriotic War is included in the All-Russian Book of Memory;

The biography, information about military awards is being specified.

4. Check by Books of Memory .

5. Check by United Database "Memorial".

6. In 2011, another wonderful project appeared on the Internet - a public electronic document bank"The Feat of the People in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945"

How to work with the site: step by step instructions

7. Analysis of the collected information.

8. Work in archives.Search work in archives, first of all, consists in studying the primary sources of archival documents in order to obtain information for organizing field work, about irretrievable losses, and processing information obtained during search work. The main place for research work is the Central Archive of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation (Podolsk) with a fund for storing documents of units and subunits from June 2, 1941 to the present day, the Russian State Military Archive (RGVA), the Archive of Military Medical Documents of the Military Medical Museum of the Ministry of Defense Russian Federation St. Petersburg.

9. Perpetuation of the memory of the dead and missing servicemen.

10. Reply to relatives.

I will highlight the important requirements for this process:

– when working with relatives or close people of a found warrior, it is necessary to rely only on documents certified by the archive and in no case add a “gag” in relation to the events of those years

If possible, provide information to relatives personally, having previously prepared them morally, since most of them are elderly people, for whom even good news can be a serious blow to health.

Wishes to teachers involved in search work: it must be borne in mind that as a result of the study there are pluses and minuses:

Firstly, it is the joy of finding information about the deceased or the military path of a soldier;

Summing up, I would like to note that the younger generation needs courageous, thoughtful teachers and senior comrades who are able to educate strong-willed, responsible and convinced patriots.

List of used literature

Sources

Book of Memory. T. 7. Samara region. Samara: 1994 - 320 p.

TsAMO, F. 33, Op. 686196, unit storage 5324

TsAMO, F. 33, Op. 682524, unit storage 480

TsAMO, F. 33, Op. 686044, unit storage 2729

TsAMO, F. 33, Op. 690155, unit storage 180

TsAMO, F. 33, Op. 686044, unit storage 2738

Collections of documents

State program "Patriotic education of citizens of the Russian Federation for 2010-2015".

Law of the Russian Federation of January 14, 1993 No. “On perpetuating the memory of those who died defending the Fatherland” ( in red. Federal Laws No. 122-FZ of 22.08.2004, No. 179-FZ of 03.11.2006, No. 160-FZ of 23.07.2008, No. 213-FZ of 18.07.2011).

"The concept of spiritual and moral development and education of the personality of a citizen of Russia."

Literature

1. Agapova I.A., M.A. Davydov. We are patriots! Moscow: VAKO,

2006. - 368 p.

2. Museum and school /Comp. E.A. Pavlyuchenko. M.: Enlightenment,

1985. - 192 p.

3. Tourist and local history circles at school / ed. V.V. Titov. M.:

Enlightenment, 1988. - 157 p.

4. Khramkov L.V. Samara region in the fate of Russia. Samara: publishing house

"Samara University", 2006. - 371 p.

Internet resources Uzhovenko L.V. Deputy Director for UVR. 2011.

Every year more and more monuments, crosses, mourning ribbons, wreaths and flowers appear near highways. Is it right to perpetuate the memory of a loved one at the place of his death? Are such actions regulated by law? The correspondent of "R" was looking for answers to these and other questions.

Roads become like cemeteries

General Director of RUE "Vitebskavtodor" Adam Konoplich is categorically against such arbitrariness near the roads, but says:

The topic is very sensitive. Any actions to eliminate illegal structures can be regarded by the relatives of the victims as blasphemy. Therefore, we avoid conflicts, we try to act extremely delicately. And if monuments and fences interfere with the maintenance of the route, we are looking for relatives with the help of the traffic police and local authorities. We are trying to convince them of the need to dismantle or relocate structures. We explain: there are specially designated burial places. Both monuments and wreaths are appropriate where the ashes of a person rest. And what will happen to our roads if everyone is allowed to do whatever they want? Everything must be in order. By the way, I recently met with Russian colleagues - they resolve these issues more categorically, it's time to consolidate forces.

In order to assess the scale of the problem, together with the leading process engineer of the road maintenance department of RUE Vitebskavtodor Evgeny Rozhkov, we leave the city for one of the busiest highways. Twenty kilometers in the direction of Orsha along the so-called Staroorsha road and the same amount back along the parallel new autobahn linking the border of the Russian Federation - Vitebsk - Gomel. In total, more than a dozen reminders of old and recent tragedies were counted on this stretch of the road.

Distracting drivers, colorful artificial flowers hang from trees along the roadway. At the level of human growth. You involuntarily cling to your gaze, become alert and try to hit the brakes: what if these are children on the side of the road in bright jackets playing? Evgeny Rozhkov points to the left:

This is where the young guys died - drunk at the wheel crashed. Parents hang flowers all the time. But where the cross is, the woman died under the wheels. Here, they say, a cyclist was hit...

The impression is that we are traveling through the cemetery. The mood is appropriate. The Russians Sergei and Vladimir Prostakov, who stopped by us for a coffee break, are on their way to the Baltics. They are surprised: judging by the number of wreaths near Belarusian roads, you might think that there is the highest accident rate here. Transit guests do not support peculiar traditions of the local population. Indeed, such ritual things are a great distraction from the road, and in general they negatively affect the psychological state. Sergei says:

Last time I was driving with my five-year-old daughter, so she, looking out the window, asked each time: “Dad, did someone die near this tree too?” And you don’t know what to answer the child and how to explain why the graves are not in the cemetery?

Something like a grave we meet further. By the road itself, literally two meters from the asphalt, there is a tombstone with an inscription, a fence, wreaths, and even a burnt-out plush children's toy - a hippopotamus. I read the last name, first name, patronymic, dates of birth and death. I understand: a 14-year-old girl died here. I sincerely sympathize with the family and friends, I share their grief. Too bad for the teenager. But what's with the grave on the side of the road? What for? For whom is it easier? There is a cemetery where this girl lies. You can come there, put a candle, cry, invite a priest. And here, every now and then, wreaths are covered with soot by passing trucks, in winter, snowplows fill up the fence with mud ... Do you need such a memory?

The next stop is a little further - at the high cross, which is lined with wreaths and flowers on all sides. There are used lamps. Here - something like a mourning tablet. Friends confess their love to their friend, grieve over his untimely death. You can also understand everything, sympathize, but ... Perhaps all these attributes would be more appropriate on the grave of the deceased. Just like the composition following along the road - here instead of a cross there are wreaths and flowers on high stumps of a felled birch. My companion explains:

This track is not the only one of its kind. There are enough crosses, wreaths on trees, poles and even road signs, as well as monuments with fences on all roads. We serve 3,000 kilometers, and if you count as a whole, you will find hundreds of tragic signs here. For example, along the Liozno highway, several crosses were installed at once in one place. On Gorodokskaya, someone built a memorial from a car steering wheel in memory of the deceased driver. We can regard all these objects only as foreign objects in the service area. Two meters from the bottom of the embankment are the limits of the right of way. Here, maintenance equipment should work without hindrance. One hundred meters from the axis of the road - in general, the zone controlled by us. And even if the foresters install their own advertisement here, calling for the preservation of green spaces, they take permission. This cannot be done without agreement. I would like people to understand: roadsides are not places of worship. And the placement of all ritual objects here is prohibited. Probably, local authorities, local policemen, Orthodox and Catholic priests should remind the population more often about this.

Fence - two meters from the asphalt

A tractor is working along the road, the workers of the Vitebsk DEU-31 are cleaning the bushes. I wonder: do they interfere with places where relatives tried to perpetuate the memory of their loved ones who died in an accident? Eduard Polkanov and Vitaly Bondarenko refrain from harsh criticism, but admit that sometimes it is very problematic to bypass unauthorized monuments and crosses. You have to maneuver, raise mowers and other trailed equipment:

We are instructed: remove unnecessary items. But, believe me, somehow the hand does not rise ... I don’t want to hurt those who have been caring for this place for years, for whom it is sacred.

I don't want to hurt anyone by posting this article, and I. Hope for understanding. People strive to perpetuate the memory of their relatives. But it would probably be better to do it in a more suitable place, and not on a dusty highway against the law ...