The Volga is shrinking... Synopsis of the Volga-great Russian river

There is a river in Russia, the name of which is inseparable from the destinies of the people. Volga folk, modest, sad beauty.
The Volga begins as a barely noticeable stream among forests and swamps near the village of Volgino Verkhovye in Valdai. There is a knocked together log house like a tower. There is a window in the floor of the hut, and in it there is a quivering trembling of jets. Someone unknown marked a place dear to Russian people. A silvery brook murmurs a little audibly between birches and firs, flickers over the pebbles. Then you pass forest lakes, gaining strength in front of a beishlot - a dam, goes further, takes channels to the right and left and grows into a large river. Not in a hurry to part with its wooded homeland, the Volga curves in an arc to the north - to the Rybinsk reservoir, then turns south to Nizhny Novgorod, where on the right, from the west, it receives the Oka. These two rivers Volga and Oka, converging, outline the space called the Volga-Oka interfluve. There, in the interfluve, Muscovite Russia was born. The Volga and Oka waters wash the cradle of Russia. A Russian person likes that his Volga, like a hero, is wide and powerful, but not noisy, calm ... This river is in no hurry to declare that it is strong. But the hour will come - it is difficult to keep.

Beginning of the river

The river flows, gaining strength


Beishlot

Rybinsk Sea


Volga and Nizhny Novgorod


Confluence of the Volga and Oka


Volga-Oka interfluve


Volga and Kineshma


Volga and Kineshma


Volga and Kineshma


Volga and Kineshma


Volga and Plyos


Volga and Kineshma

Volga and Kineshma


Mirnaya Pier Kineshma

Publication date: 2016-08-24

Short description: ...

Synopsis of GCD
on familiarization with the outside world Volga is great Russian river"

(middle group)

Program content:

to clarify the knowledge of children about the great Russian river Volga, about the importance of water for
human, plants, the need for environmental protection measures;

to develop in children memory, curiosity, the desire to protect their native
nature;

to cultivate love for the nature of Russia, the desire to preserve and increase
wealth of Russia - Motherland.

Dictionary activation:

source, reservoir, power plant.

Previous work:

Reading stories, poems; listening to music; viewing illustrations of
Volga, map East European part of Russia.

GCD progress

(Children enter to the music of the song "The Volga Flows" by M. Fradkin to verses
L. Oshanina; sit on chairs.)

Russia

At my Russia
blue eyes,
blue eyes
Russian braid.
On forest lakes
In the steppes
Russia has risen
Weird beauty.

N. Palkin.

Educator: Children, you listened to the poem. What do you think about

does this poem say?

(Answers of children).

Educator: What do the expressions "blue eyes", "blond pigtails" mean?

Teacher: Well done guys! Now I will give you a riddle, and you think
what is it about.

"Flows, flows - does not flow out,

Runs, runs - does not run out.

Educator: Children, what rivers do you know, name them.

Educator: Well done, you have named many rivers. On which river is our
favorite city Saratov? We talked a lot about the Volga, the great
Russian river, examined the illustration. And today we will go with you
on a trip down the Volga. What do you think can be done
river trip?

Educator: Children, our journey will be unusual. We will start
it from the source of the Volga. What is a source?

Educator: Tell me, where does the Volga originate?
(photo on the easel “This is how the Volga begins.”)

The Volga begins as a barely noticeable stream in a swamp in Valdai. Among
spruce and birch stands a log house with a plank terrace and a shaky bridge. Through
a well pierced in the floor of the hut, a quiet backwater is visible - this is the cradle
Volga, the great river of Europe, the beauty of the Russian people.

- Between swamps, from a small well,
The brook does not stop, it pours.

Inconspicuous clean stream,
Not wide, not ringing, not deep,
Cross it over the plank
And you stroke - the stream spilled into the river.

- Before her the way is long and long
From the forest region to the steppe region

And they call it the Volga River,
Mother - the breadwinner of the native.

Educator: And so the Volga begins with a small stream. Guys,
look at the map: indeed, the great river connects the North with the South,
steppe forest. It reaches both Moscow and the Urals. Russia is stitched with thread
Volga. In our Saratov region, the Volga flows from north to south to

over 420 km. On the way to the Caspian Sea, where the Volga flows,
the brook absorbs other brooks and small rivers and gradually
turns into a deep and very beautiful river. Children, as in the people
called Volga?

Children's answers.

Educator: And it also says about the Volga “The Volga is the queen of the rivers of the Motherland. Neither
one can't compare to her." Why can not be compared with the Volga
one river?

Children's answers.

Educator: You see how many kind and affectionate words have been said about the Volga.
They write poems about her, sing songs and ditties.

To my Saratov region
Volga, like a song to a nightingale.
Every day I start with
That at dawn I visit the Volga
And I talk to her about a lot.

So the blizzard fell silent today,
Resigned, she lay down to rest.
You wake up - the sun is beyond the Volga,
Behind the great Russian river.

Volga! How many plans
How many battles on the great river!
Volodya Ulyanov was born here
In a wooden steppe town.
Growing Gorky wandered here,
Repin painted barge haulers here,
Yuri Gagarin at dawn
Here I dreamed of my first flight.

Chastushki.

1. We live in Saratov
We sing songs about him

And about mother, about the Volga
We drink ditties.

2. Volga, mother river,
Wide and deep.
Many different cities
Along beautiful shores.

Volga, mother river,
Fish has always been famous.
Do you want pike or catfish,
Or a simple perch.

What kind of ships
Float down the river.
Can you go swimming
We are on the mother river.

What a nice vacation
Sunbathe on the sand.
Swimming in the Volga is cool
You can even dive.

Educator: The Volga flows through Russia for many kilometers. Thousands of cities and
settlements spread along the banks of the Volga. Different peoples live on the banks
this great river: Russians, Tatars, Chuvashs, Udmurts, Mordovians, Maris and

a lot others. Everyone lives together, works in factories and factories, makes cars and river boats. Children, what cities do you know on the Volga?

Children's answers.

Educator: What are they famous for, what do they release?

Children's answers.

Educator: You see how many interesting things you told us about cities

on the Volga.

Now look at this picture, what is drawn on it?

Children's answers.

Educator: Children, tell me, what else is the Volga rich in?

Children's answers.

Educator: What kind of fish is found in the Volga?

Children's answers.

Educator: Children, what should be done so that there are more fish in the Volga?

Children's answers.

(Guys, you are too long, let's play with you).

Fizminutka.

Exercise "Spring".

To the music, children alternately raise higher and higher compressed in

palm fists.

Key, key, fontanel,

Pure wave.

Someone's round fist

Sounds from the bottom.

And running, running stream

Turning into a river
(Sit on chairs.)

Educator: Guys, well, here we come to the river.

In a small village

Lived - were sister Alyonushka

And brother Ivanushka.

Ivan: We live by the river sister.
There's just one problem:
You can't swim and drink here -
Very dirty water.

Alenka: Ivanushka-friend is right,
There is a chemical plant here.
Acid flows into the river.
You see, the fish do not swim,
And the plants don't grow.

Ivan: Wow, the sun bakes so,
And water flows from the pipes.
But water is not simple,
All oily.

Alenka: You bathe in it -
You will be blacker than a crow.

Ivan: I want to drink, I want to go to the river.

Alenka: Oh, Ivanushka, look

Rubbish, banks ahead.
Here the tourists passed
You see, the river has been damaged.
Everywhere garbage, everywhere dirt,
No birds, midges to be seen.

Ivan: Well, now I'm getting drunk,
At the same time I will bathe
I won't tell Alenka.

Alenka: Stop, you stubborn boy,
You're in trouble bro.
To swim in the river
And drink river water
It takes a lot of effort
Get your order.

It will be difficult for you alone.

We will call friends to help.

Hey guys, let's clean up now!
(Children pick up trash).

Let the sun shine bright
Let the wind blow.
Let the water hastily
The river carries forward.

And we will remember you and me
Our home, our common home.
The land where we live.

Educator: Yes, the Earth is our common home, so you and I should know

law on the protection of nature, since nature is the source of life on Earth.

“Nature has three treasures:

Water, earth and air are its three foundations.

Whatever trouble comes,

They are whole - everything will be reborn again.

Children, what must be done to beat clean: water, air, earth?

Children's answers.

(Round dance "The sun by the river" - for parents.)

Bottom line: Today we have learned a lot of interesting things about the Volga. Talk about
the great Russian river Volga we will continue in other classes. In class
by drawing, we will draw our journey. I'll tell you about
life of people of different nationalities, about their culture, customs and rituals.
We will get acquainted with their songs and fairy tales. All this will help us more
learn about our homeland - Russia.

So our journey along the Volga came to an end. We returned to our
hometown - Saratov.

Saratov! Saratov! Saratov!
My home city.
You flourished amazingly
Unprecedented beauty
Above Mother Volga River!

Literature:

A. Dietrich "Why", pp. 141 -142.

The book "Our Motherland", pp. 282-283.

S. Marshak "Volga and Vazuza".

N.A. Bunin verse. "Spring".

S. Vikulova "Nature has three treasures."

L.A. Kondrykinskaya "How the Motherland Begins."

N. Palkin "At the source", "Thank you, Volga."

Music of the song "The Volga Flows" by M. Fradkin to the verses by L. Oshanin.

Illustrations about the Volga.

10. Photo "This is how the Volga begins."

11. Postcards of cities on the Volga.

12. Geographic map.

13.N.Palkin Art. "Russia" p.97. Saratov. 1981.

Issues of the state of the aquatic environment are solved with us last.

The situation in the Volga basin on June 26 was announced by the Prosecutor General of the Russian Federation as the beginning of an ecological catastrophe. Over the past six months, up to 90% of sturgeon fish have died in the basin due to its catastrophic shallowing, and mass death of other fish resources is observed. The Volga became abnormally shallow: the water left its former banks by more than 60, and even - especially in the lower and middle Volga reaches - by 120 meters.

As a result, in the Middle and Lower Volga regions there are droughts, dry winds, diseases and death of the remaining coastal forests, super-hot summers and Siberian frosts. All this together negatively affects the health of the population, and this is tens of millions of people. There is also a drop in the volume of water transportation. The situation is similar in most other river basins of the European and Ural regions of the Russian Federation. Why is this happening?..

These and other excesses, according to scientific organizations, as well as estimates of the Ministry of Natural Resources of the Russian Federation, Rosprirodnadzor and Rosvodresursy, are due to the negative hydrological situation in most river basins of the European part of the country and the Urals.

Meanwhile, the water content of the entire Volga basin, which is almost 40% of the European territory of the Russian Federation, has decreased over the past 3 years, according to the latest data from the mentioned structures (May-June of this year), by more than 20%. Naturally, the mass destruction of various fish resources in the basin, including sturgeon, is growing. Which are already killed by poachers, as well as by dumping all kinds of waste into the rivers of the basin by super-powerful hydroelectric power stations, created in the 50s and early 70s in the vast Volga-Kama region, mainly in the areas of fish spawning.

As a result, the volume of fish resources in the Volga basin only for 2014-2019. decreased by almost a third, incl. sturgeons - more than half. In parallel, the rates of swamping and salinization are growing; other types of degradation of coastal soils are observed. The level of unsuitability of water for drinking and household needs is increasing without thorough and expensive filtration.

However, according to the available information, works on the comprehensive ecological rehabilitation of the Volga and other river basins are actually financed - we emphasize, since the second half of the 80s - by a maximum of half. The equipment for these works is more than 70% outdated, it is almost not produced in the Russian Federation.

And its import, of course, is unprofitable, because it will definitely not bring super profits. The shortage of personnel in this area is also growing, since the mid-90s it has already been high. Now it reaches 80%. At the same time, the “supergrand” Volzhsko-Kama HPPs, already large water consumers, are rapidly increasing their water intake. This is due to more than 60% depreciation of their equipment, as well as the equipment of reservoirs adjacent to these HPPs, water treatment and related water management facilities.

We repeat that a similar or similar ecological situation is observed in almost all river basins of the European and Ural regions of the Russian Federation.
Numerous conferences, appeals to the authorities and specialized bodies remain without attention. They say that the market - in this case, nature - will fix everything by itself ...

The last statement is more than doubtful. It is worth recalling the strategic role of forests and forest plantations in maintaining and replenishing the water balance of soils, natural and artificial water bodies, in order to prevent droughts and sudden weather and climate changes. As well as to increase the natural fertility of agricultural soils, ensure the biodiversity of aquatic and terrestrial flora and fauna. That is why, since 1948, a large-scale state program of “protective afforestation, the introduction of grass-field crop rotations, the construction of ponds and reservoirs, and the afforestation of sands to ensure high sustainable yields in the steppe and forest-steppe regions of the European part of the USSR” has been implemented. But this program, calculated up to 1963 inclusive, was canceled in the autumn of 1954: the record pace of the development of virgin lands was more important ...

Moreover, on February 19, 1955, a resolution of the allied Council of Ministers was adopted, which allowed the cutting of forests and new forest belts along the banks of rivers, lakes, reservoirs, railways, and overpasses. And so that there were no obstacles to the aforementioned decisions and plans, the federal and republican Ministry of Forestry was abolished in the spring - summer of 1953.

Since then, the countdown of the shallowing of Russian rivers and other natural water bodies has begun, with obvious - literally, ensuing consequences.

Expert assessments of the current situation are pessimistic. So, according to the ex-Minister of Natural Resources of the Russian Federation, scientific director of the Institute of Water Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences Viktor Danilov-Danilyan, “today's shallowing is not like the one that was three to five years ago. The main reason was the low rainfall. There was a lot of snow this winter, so we decided to "work" the reservoirs (i.e., drain more than half of the water volume from them on the eve - early spring) in order to free up the volume for accepting, as it seemed, a large flood. And this turned out to be a mistake: nature deceived the "forecasters". As a result, little melt water got into the rivers and reservoirs.”

So the problem is in personnel, technologies. Because "we still have not restored that observational hydrometeorological and water monitoring network that we had before the beginning of the 90s."

Nadezhda Malysheva, development director of the information and analytical agency Port News (Russia), has a tougher assessment:

“The problem of the drying up Volga is the result of miscalculations at the government level. Now, when the river is shallowing, when there is not enough state will, business can stop financing the renewal of the fleet and replenish the ever faster dying river fish resources. And transportation by water transport along inland waterways may end.”

Yulia Fayzrakhmanova, head of the Volga and the People Against initiative group, has her own view of what is happening. “In 2006, amendments were made to the Water Code of the Russian Federation, which allowed building up water protection zones, including coastal ones, with multi-storey housing. It is necessary to prohibit the construction of any capital facilities in such zones. Also - to introduce criminal liability for non-compliance with Federal Law No. 246-FZ “On the Creation of Artificial Land Plots” - that is, for backfilling shallow waters and backwaters, cutting down coastal forest plantations, raising the level of the coast, expanding the coastal zone, and building embankments.

But it turns out that this law does not correspond to the mentioned innovations of the Water Code...

And here is what the analytical publication Eurasia.net writes (USA, 06/25/2019): “The flow of water in the Volga is controlled by the interweaving of various government agencies that blame each other for what happened. Some attribute the problem to incorrect calculations by the authorities, others to the erroneous forecast of Roshydromet, and others to the business interests of RusHydro.<…>All cases of shallowing are associated with the management of river flows based primarily on industrial and economic needs. And questions regarding the long-term consequences for the economy and the preservation of the natural state of the aquatic environment are in last place.” What can be said here?..

Especially for "Century"