Kurgan is no longer the Urals, but also not Siberia; it is located in an area that has received the precise, beautiful name “Trans-Urals”. There is a common belief that Kurgan is the gateway to Siberia, since after the Kurgan region the Tyumen region begins, and this is Siberia in all its glory!

The exact date of the foundation of Kurgan is considered to be 1662, when the first small settlement appeared on Tobol - the settlement of Tsarevo Gorodishche. It was a settlement until 1782, when, at the instigation of Empress Catherine II, the Tobolsk governorate was created, which included the Kurgan district and the city of Kurgan with a population of about a thousand people.

Back in 1810, Kurgan looked like this - three longitudinal streets (central and two suburbs) with intersections, with a circumference of about seven miles. The city was ruled by the mayor; there were only two stone houses in it, the rest were wooden, there was little greenery and gardens. In general, the appearance of the city was very unattractive.

Given its remoteness from Central Russia, since 1830 it was used as a place of exile for Decembrist convicts. Thanks to the exiles it began fast development cities, all were educated people who were not just serving exile, but also trying to improve life in a provincial town. In 1856 there were already 3.5 thousand inhabitants, two stone churches and seven stone houses. Kurgan society looked no worse than the capital's dandies, they dressed according to fashion magazines, and knew how to dance the French quadrille.

After 40 years, the population of Kurgan doubled, and the rapid development of democratic circles began among the people, which resulted in widespread strikes in 1905. In 1934 the city was annexed to Chelyabinsk region. During World War II, many enterprises were evacuated to the region, and along with them families from Belarus, Ukraine and the western regions of the RSFSR. Since then, in the Kurgan region, Russian surnames are common along with Ukrainian and Belarusian ones.

In 1943, four districts of the Omsk region and thirty-two districts of the Chelyabinsk region were formed into the Kurgan region, on the territory of which there were 478 enterprises and more than 2,000 collective and state farms. In 1951, G. A. Ilizarov developed a new apparatus for fusion of bones, which was included in the register of inventions and is successfully operating to this day, and the Ilizarov Center (KNIIEKOT) became world famous.

Climate and ecology of Kurgan

Speaking in official language, the climate in Kurgan is sharply continental. Trans-Ural weather is not for sissies, summer is short and winter is very harsh, there is never a shortage of snow, and it lies for six months a year. If the average monthly temperature in winter is -15-20°C, then in January it can be -45-50°C.

Summer sudden temperature changes are normal, for example, a week +15+20°C, the next week +35+45°C, then cold again. In Africa there is a “rainy season”, and in the Trans-Urals there is a “windy season”, it begins in March, and then a strong, gusty, southern or eastern wind blows for more than two months.

Due to the not entirely favorable geographical position, the air above Kurgan stagnates and is poorly driven by the wind. Despite the fact that there are many forests around the city - both birch and coniferous, air pollution in the city itself has increased almost three times.

Industrial emissions have decreased as enterprise equipment is switched to natural gas, new filters and industrial hoods are introduced, but the air is not getting cleaner. One of the reasons is the annual increase in motor transport with low road capacity.

The presence of the Sintez enterprise on the outskirts of the city, which produces medicines, despite its modern treatment equipment, also does not add to the cleanliness. In the Kurgan region there are about 350 enterprises that produce emissions into the atmosphere.

As for reservoirs, the Tobol is gradually turning into a sewer, and the Chernaya River also looks unattractive. The ecology of Kurgan is in dire straits not only because of the many enterprises, but also because of the careless attitude of local residents towards nature. The residents of Kurgan themselves litter the beaches and lakes and “strenuously” try to set up a landfill on every free piece of land.

Of course, every spring, raids are carried out, community work days are held to clean streets and improve areas, however, all these measures are temporary; immediately after the elimination of spontaneous landfills, they appear again. In addition, every spring not only heaps of garbage appear from under the snowdrifts, but also chemical waste dumps.

Population of Kurgan

As has been repeatedly stated, demographics have increased throughout our entire homeland. Kurgan was no exception; starting in 2007, many more children were born, and mortality (including infant mortality) decreased.

According to statistics at the beginning of 2014, about 326 thousand people live in Kurgan, a third of them are disabled youth and children. It is rightly noted that it used to be “for 10 girls, according to statistics, there are 9 guys,” now there are already eight guys, and the number of the country’s male population continues to gradually decline, male Kurgan residents counted only 149.5 thousand people, and females – 184.1 thousand people.

It is also distressing that for every one hundred marriage certificates there are about fifty divorces.

Modern youth (despite the “influence of the West” and general computerization) is growing up well, young people are patriotic, believe in the great future of the country, and want to achieve a lot in life. Young people now have a radically different outlook on life than they did twenty years ago. They have much greater freedom in choosing a profession, style of thinking and even lifestyle; another question is who and how manages this freedom.

The administration of Kurgan makes a lot of efforts supporting the policy of healthy development of the nation - sports complexes are being built, the largest Children and Youth Center in the Trans-Urals has been built, and work with students is being organized. Children are introduced to work as soon as a Kurgan resident receives a passport; in the summer he can get a job through the labor exchange, and many teenagers take advantage of this, receiving a salary on the same basis as their parents.

On the other hand, the moral character of the Trans-Ural residents is negatively affected by the free sale of alcohol, and even more so by the drugs that have taken over the whole of Russia. For example, last year there were several high-profile trials regarding the universal availability of narcotic drugs. Telephone numbers where you can buy a dose of narcotic smoking mixtures were written on the walls of houses. Of course, after a scandal in the media, these numbers were destroyed, but the blatant fact of the widespread distribution of drugs is shocking.

Again, if you believe the statistics, fewer people are leaving Kurgan. If ten years ago 11 thousand people left the city, then two years ago there were already 8 thousand. Apparently, those who wanted to leave the city had already left it; the most hardened and persistent ones remained, satisfied with life.

Districts and real estate of Kurgan

1. Ryabkovo
2. Zaozerny
3. Northern
4. Energy
5. West
6. Central
7. Oriental
8. Maloe Chausovo
9. Voronovka.

Residents of Kurgan, for the most part, are very kind-hearted and peaceful people, although there are people who are just as “severe” as in neighboring Chelyabinsk. In the Trans-Urals life is so serene and little disturbed that all the events taking place in the center of our country seem like alien battles. They even speak here in a melodious drawl, with a special pronunciation that is slightly nasal and a manner of speaking instead of “what” - “what”, for example, “what are you doing?”

Kurgan consists of nine large districts and 33 small districts, strewn with large ones on all sides; they often consist of one or two streets with wooden houses, and bear the proud name “microdistrict”. Some microdistricts are part-time and railway stations, for example Galkino, Kamchikha, Keramzitny (not to be confused with Keramzitov, which adjoins it from the north) and the Klyuchi district, located across the railway from it.

There are tiny microdistricts, for example, Kopay, which has only about ten buildings, KSM, which is not a district at all, but Kurganselmash Street with a kindergarten and several buildings of 2-5 floors.

The largest, of course, is the Central District (or simply the center), located next to the Tobol River. Here are: the building of the Government of the Kurgan Region, the Kurgan Administration, other administrative buildings, a bus station, a railway station, a Drama Theater, the Rossiya Cinema, a language school, a Children's Park, and of course, the square to the great proletarian V.I. Lenin with his monument (not a single city in Russia can do without it!).

By the way, in the center, on Gogol Street, the famous comedian Yuri Galtsev lived as a child, and Lena Temnikova, the lead singer of the group “Silver,” studied at school No. 38 (Gogol, 107a).

In the very heart of the city there are beautiful, tall high-rise buildings and Khrushchev-era buildings, occasionally giving way to red-brick county houses. But, moving towards Tobol for about 15 minutes, you notice that the Old Kurgan gradually begins, where at every step there is a work of architectural art with stucco and openwork lattices, or interesting examples of wooden architecture.

In general, Kurgan is a city of bright contrasts, where old wooden buildings, high-rise buildings, Khrushchev buildings, new buildings and cottages are mixed together. In the southern part of Kurgan there is Shevelevka, perhaps the most prestigious of all microdistricts, clean, cozy, and also close to the center. There is a sports and recreation complex, a central park of culture and recreation, and a children's railway. The price for real estate in elite houses in this microdistrict is very high - up to 7.5 million rubles for a three-room apartment.

Near the center, across the railway, is the Northern district. It seems to be the center, but once you cross the railway, it’s as if you find yourself in another city, the view is so unexpected. Multi-storey panel houses only nearby railway, and the rest is the private sector with terrible roads. But here you can buy an excellent house or cottage very inexpensively, since the infrastructure here has let us down.

After the village of Severny, all you have to do is drive around Lake Chernoye, and here it is - the beautiful Zaozerny district! It ranks second in terms of the number of Kurgan residents living in it, and local residents lovingly call it “Zazik”. If a certain amount of investment were made to it, roads were repaired (in fact, this is a problem not only for Zaozerny, but for the entire Kurgan), and more attention was paid to the cleanliness of the streets, it would become one of the most beautiful areas of the city.

This area is residential, mostly houses are 7-9 storeys, but there are also four high-rise buildings with 17 storeys. Construction began in 1979, this is the date that the builders laid out as a souvenir for posterity in the first microdistrict. There are 10 microdistricts in total, however, there was a slight confusion with the numbering; for some reason, 8, 9 and 10 are missing, but there are 1a, 6a and 11.

Despite the fact that Zaozerny is valued on the same level as the central region in the real estate market, here you can buy inexpensive social housing from 1 million rubles and more for a one-room apartment, a two-room apartment from 1.8 million, and a three- or four-room apartment can be purchased for 2-2. 1 million rubles.

Zaozerny was built on a swampy area, next to Lake Cherny, and the Chernaya River also flows through the area. Lake Black (the natives call it the Black Sea) and the river of the same name do not correspond to their name at all - the water here is blue, although not always clean. Many residents of Kurgan are avid fishermen; the close location of many lakes contributes to this hobby. Fishermen have no time to idle, because on Cherny there are carp and crucian carp, bleak and Siberian roach (chebak), white bream, pike and perch.

The main roads in the zazik are Marshal Golikov Avenue and Mostostroiteley Street. Visitors should know that on buses and trolleybuses traveling along routes to Zaozerny, they do not write the name of the district, but simply the number of the microdistrict.

To the right of Zaozerny, and across the industrial zone from the center, is the legendary Ryabkovo district. The world-famous Russian scientific center for “Restorative Traumatology and Orthopedics” named after Academician G.A. was built on its territory. Ilizarov. People come here for treatment not only from Russia and neighboring countries, but also from overseas. Due to the fact that in addition to the Ilizarov Center, in Ryabkovo there are also an anti-tuberculosis dispensary, an oncology clinic, a regional hospital for the military, and an infectious diseases hospital, it is often called “Hospital”.

The private sector also predominates in Ryabkovo, and there are few five- to nine-story buildings. This quiet outlying area of ​​Kurgan is highly valued on the housing market; prices for apartments there are the same as in the city center.

If you move east from the center, you will find yourself in the Vostochny district, which has practically merged with Maly Chausovo. Perhaps every city has its own “Eastern” one, which differs from other areas in its increased crime rate. There are panel houses here, but they are old, mostly private ones, which have been chosen by gypsies, and if there are a lot of gypsies in the area, you yourself know what is going on there. Therefore, housing in the East is the cheapest; you can buy a two-room apartment for 1.1 million rubles.

On the other side of the center, the Western District is nestled, which differs from others by the presence on its territory of a television tower and the Hypercity building opposite the tank (Tankmen Monument stop). There is also a microdistrict in Western called Solnechny Boulevard. Although by definition “a boulevard is a wide alley running along the street and planted with trees,” there is no alley here, but there are beautiful multi-story buildings, and Tobol is a five-minute walk away. The price of housing in this area on the outskirts is no higher than the city average.

A little to the left of Zapadny, on the shore of the Oryol Reservoir, is the Energetiki district, which includes the Kulatsky microdistricts (CHP) and Sintez LLC, an enterprise that produces medical drugs. Most of the area is occupied by industrial buildings, and residential buildings are located on the edge that is closer to the Western one. In addition, Energetiki operates a regional children's hospital (Red Cross), orphanage No. 1, a regional center for diagnosing children with disabilities, a Center for social adaptation for the homeless, and riot police of the Internal Affairs Directorate.

The fashion for cottages and townhouses has not bypassed Kurgan. Many beautiful two- and three-level cottages are being built in the city center on the site of old houses, and no less in the periphery. Popular directions for construction are the southern microdistricts, Zaozerny, Klyuchi, Keramzitny and Keramzitovy, as well as the villages of Chisto Pole, Cheremukhovo, Raduzhny. Of course, not everywhere there are decent conditions for comfortable living, but despite this, prices for individual cottages range from 2 million rubles, depending on the distance from the city center, connected communications, and proximity to a forest. For example, a two- or three-story townhouse 10-12 km from the center in a birch grove or pine forest, with gas, running water, a bathhouse, a gazebo, a garage and a garden can cost about 10 million rubles.

City infrastructure

Problems in housing and communal services are an eternal issue. But, by the way, no very serious or difficult situations arose this winter. And small gusts on heating mains (which are corrected quite quickly) and rare water outages, I think, can not be taken into account. There will always be complaints against management offices - insufficient lighting of streets and entrances, organization of a children's playground near the house, repair of entrances and canopies over the entrance, timely garbage removal - all these are constant, but solvable everyday problems.

In Kurgan, prices for housing and communal services have so far remained at about 1.5 thousand rubles for a one-room apartment. Of course, the amount of payment depends on several conditions - the total area of ​​the housing, the number of registered people, and the prices set by the management company. For example, in the Ryabkovo district, payment for a three-room apartment (64 sq.m.) with four tenants costs 3.5 thousand rubles, and in the Central District, a three-room apartment (46 sq.m.) costs 4.5 thousand.

The condition of the roads in Kurgan is simply amazing! And not at all funny. Any driver can tell thousands of stories about how he had to get over potholes and risk losing his muffler. In September last year, in the center, due to a decrepit sewer, the roadway collapsed, resulting in the formation of a huge hole about three meters deep. And there are countless small holes, somehow filled with gravel, or not filled at all, even in the Central region...

Just a year ago, 105,262 cars were registered in Kurgan with a population of 330,000, that is, every third person has their own car. With so many cars, there is a catastrophic lack of parking. In the center, on Kuibyshev, a large number of offices, but there is no parking space for cars; office workers are forced to park their cars along the road, sometimes on both sides, which, naturally, interferes with the normal passage of vehicles.

When Kurgan residents begin their journey to work in the morning, almost everyone has to go through the center, and, of course, traffic jams occur during rush hours (7.30-9.00 and 17-18.30). Although, a Muscovite, probably, looking at our traffic jams, would just laugh and say that if there is some progress, even at a speed of 10-20 km/h, then this is not a traffic jam at all.

There are no problems with traveling to other cities - the airport, bus station and railway station are open. You can move around Kurgan not only by personal car, but also by public car, fortunately, there is no shortage of transport - minibuses (10-12 rubles), buses (12-14 rubles), trolleybuses (12 rubles) will deliver you to the most remote urban areas. The easiest way to get to the right place is by bus, cheaper - by minibus.

The Kurgan bus station is a connection point for suburban, interregional and intercity routes, but there is no flight to Petropavlovsk-Kazakhstansky (by the way, the most popular route in the Kurgan-Kazakhstan connection), you can only get there by rail, through the border town of Petukhovo. Again, there is an airport, but you can only fly from it to Moscow, and in the summer season they open an additional flight to Sochi.

There are 88 kindergartens in Kurgan, but there are not enough of them for all the growing children, although new institutions are opening. Three kindergartens were opened last year, are currently undergoing major renovations, and three more are planned to open in 2012. The same problem exists with schools. There are 53 schools, but due to the fact that there are so many children, they have to study in two shifts. But a lot of attention is paid to the additional education of children; there are eight music and art schools, 2 children's art houses and 5 centers for teenagers. 8 institutions provide children with specialized secondary education, and getting a higher education is not a problem; there are eight (again eight!) higher educational institutions.

In general, the situation looks like this: there are a catastrophic shortage of kindergartens and schools, but all the children study and manage to get a higher education. The train stations and airport are open, but leaving them wherever you want is not always possible. Yes, the roads are terrible, but instead of using public transport, city residents prefer to buy even more cars and practically crawl over potholes. What a paradox!

Enterprises and work in Kurgan

Kurgan is one of the largest transport (railway) hubs, the center of the engineering industry. Almost half of the currently operating factories were evacuated here during the war. Kurganmashzavod (the only one in Russia!) produces military infantry fighting vehicles; trucks such as ZIL, GAZ, KAMAZ, and URAL are manufactured at Kurgandormash.

The Kurgan Bus Plant produces (guess what?) buses. It is believed that a fifth of the buses traveling around our vast country are assembled in Kurgan. The Karbyshev Wheel Tractor Plant produces special heavy equipment - MAZ, KZKT, and Rusich tractors.

There are also enterprises in the city that produce pipes, oil and gas and chemical equipment, and fittings. Kurganpribor, Kurganselmash, Electromechanical Plant and others offer permanent work and a package of social services. Although it is very difficult to work there, people try to get to the plant because there is a stable (even if not everyone has a high) salary. As a rule, factories have a constant shortage of labor resources - mechanics, turners, so men with technical specialties can easily get a job at any of the Kurgan factories.

Average wage in Kurgan - 15 thousand rubles, which is probably why, with such a developed industry, many Kurgan residents go to the North for a “long ruble”. The city is one of the largest suppliers of rotational workers.

Competition in cities with a population of over a million among large retail chains forces the latter to pay close attention to small provincial towns. Today, significant players in the market are Metropolis and the trading company Crimea, which controls the Zvezdny, Zarya, and Central Gastronom stores. In total, there are 35 shopping centers and 9 supermarkets in Kurgan, which are for Kurgan residents not only a place to profitably purchase branded clothing, equipment and products, but also a place for entertainment. One of the most visited is the Hyper City shopping center, where there is a bowling alley, a 4D attraction, a huge hall full of magic - “ Child's world", as well as attractions for kids, a fast food restaurant.

The Pushkinsky shopping center is no less popular; here you can have a fun time with the whole family. In the center there is a 3D cinema, a cinema bar, a children's entertainment room, and on the third floor there is a food court represented by the most popular cafes “Mega-Blin”, “ Mega-Pizza."

Crime

Since the mid-90s, Kurgan has occupied a strong position as one of the most criminal cities in Russia. And if in 2008 it was in 17th place, then based on statistics from the Ministry of Internal Affairs, in 2011 the Kurgan region took 5th place as the most criminal region. There is still a so-called “road mafia” in Kurgan, which is engaged in racketeering on the Kurgan-Tyumen highway.

In the 90s, Kurgan became famous throughout the country as one of the most influential organized crime groups, which kept all Moscow businessmen at bay. The Kurgan group, which included the legendary killer Alexander Solonik (Sasha the Makedonsky), Oleg Nelyubin, Vitaly Ignatov and Andrei Koligov, has been involved in racketeering, contract killings and extortion since the early nineties. Recently, Solonik has been turned into almost a Robin Hood, who was only engaged in killing “bad” businessmen and leaders of other groups. Even books are written dedicated to him, and films are made. And 20 years ago, frightened residents of the capital left an inscription on the square of three train stations: “Kurgan, don’t touch us!”, addressed to the above-mentioned organized crime group.

Another “gang” called “Lokomotiv” operated in Kurgan from 2004 to 2009, and was known as one of the largest organized crime groups in the Trans-Urals. The group was led by seven people, among them former police officers, athletes, and previously convicted individuals. However, in 2011, justice overtook them, all members of the organized crime group received real sentences, from 8 to 24 years for “strict”, their leader received the most.

But still, the devil is not as terrible as he is painted, and the number of offenses committed in the city itself is small. Statistics usually include data on crimes committed throughout the region, even traffic violations are included here. According to Rosstat data, half of all crimes committed in Kurgan are theft. The number of cases related to fraud and extortion has almost doubled (people! be careful!) The number of crimes related to drug trafficking is also high, but proximity to Kazakhstan plays a big role here, since the border always involves the transportation of contraband.

Sights of Kurgan

What do you think a Kurgan guest will do first? Surely, he will first try to find out the location of museums (passwords, appearances, opening hours), and secondly, popular vacation spots for city residents. And only then, with the secret thought of finding something to do (or an adventure, as it turns out) for the evening, will he inquire about where Kurgan residents go to have fun.

So, museums. There are several of them in the city - the regional local history museum, the City History Museum, an interesting old building where the Decembrist Museum is located, and for fine art connoisseurs there is a regional art museum with talented works of our time. By the way, almost all the hot spots of the attraction are located either in the center or not far from it, the town is small, so you won’t have to wander around for a long time. Those who understand at least something about Russian literature will certainly be interested in the house-museum of the exiled poet and friend of Pushkin - V.K. Kuchelbecker.

One of the popular places that you must visit is the monument to Pavel Vereshchagin. Well, remember the customs officer “from the White Sun of the Desert,” who was “offended for the state.” It was placed as an edification to modern customs officers, so that they do not forget that their work must be incorruptible. Maybe someone will be curious to look at the wooden fire tower, built almost 140 years ago.

Looking at the neighboring city of E-burg, where there is a keyboard monument, local craftsmen came up with the idea of ​​building a super-robot. That’s what was done - from three monitors, 34 system units and about 10 keyboards they created a four-meter monster. This original stands in the Central Park of Culture and Culture and is called a monument to old technologies.

There are several more original monuments - a tank monument, a steam locomotive monument, the namesake of "Iron Felix", it stands at the station, and wears big name"Felix Dzerzhinsky." Monument to young parents in the city garden, pioneer Kolya Myagotin, Leonid Krasin, G.A. Ilizarov, Mikhail Shumilov, Natasha Argentovskaya, and Lenin was immortalized in three monumental figures at once.

I would also really like to mention the legendary kiosk named after Vysotsky, the same one in which Vladimir Semenovich’s music has been played every day for more than 15 years, where his songs can be bought on any media, but... There are rumors that it will be closed. Unfortunately, he ordered me to live a long time... Well, let's wait and see, live and see.

If we consider our favorite vacation spots, first of all it is the Central Park of Culture and Recreation. Families with children come here, and newlyweds come here for a photo shoot. Mermaids, Neptune, a fountain, a bridge of lovers, ancient Russian warriors and a children's railway - all this greets the park's guests.

In second place in popularity, perhaps, will be the Blue Lakes beach. Kurgan residents rest here all year round, in the summer, in addition to a lazy stay on the beach, you can ride a boat or jet ski, go surfing or just fish. In winter - downhill skiing on inflatable boats and snowmobiles, snowboarding, carving and alpine skiing, ice skating rink.

The city garden is dearly loved by city residents and children, because there is a Ferris wheel and many attractions there.

Kurgan is a provincial town, so you shouldn’t count on nightclubs on every corner, like in the capital. There are several restaurants, some nightclubs and bars. The nightclub “Kusty”, “Pyramid”, cultural and entertainment center “Academy”, located in the center, are very popular among young people. The “Academy” has services for every taste - the “Well-fed Barin” restaurant, bowling, billiards, hookah bar, disco hall, and here is also a hotel, apparently for those visitors who, after intense entertainment, are not able to get home.

Also popular are the Pivkom bar, Nostalzhi cafe, Skazka, and Pancake Frying Pan. Restaurants “Grand House”, “Hall”, “Slavyansky”, “Play Cafe” offer a wonderful holiday with excellent music and in a beautiful environment.

The Kurgan is interesting not only for its monuments, but also for the people who were born in it or who once lived there. Chansonnier Zheka (in the world Evgeny Grigoriev), Yuri Galtsev, the group “Psyche”, Elena Temnikova, Yulia Savicheva, Max Fadeev, the rock group “Alien Dreams” - these Kurgan residents have firmly occupied their niche in Russian show business.

In addition, other talented residents of Kurgan are also known - volleyball player Evgeniy Krasilnikov, a multiple winner of the USSR and Russian championships. Lyudmila Drebneva is an actress, Honored Artist of Russia. Ekaterina Mukhortikova is 24 years old, but she is already a seven-time Russian champion in the exotic sport of Wushu Sanda. The poet Sergei Vasiliev is the father of the famous actress Ekaterina Vasilyeva, People's Artist of the RSFSR.

Trans-Urals, geographical territory adjacent to the Ural mountain system from the east.

The historical and geographical region of the Trans-Urals is located in the western part of the West Siberian Lowland. The term “Trans-Urals” appeared in the 19th century. to designate the eastern agricultural counties of the Perm Governorate. In modern literature there is a division of the Trans-Urals into Northern, Southern and Middle. The area began to form in the 17th century. during the Russian colonization of the region as an agriculturally oriented territory, which included the space along the left tributaries of the Tobol river system - Tura, Nitsa, Neiva, Pyshma, Iset, Miass and Uy, as well as the Middle Tobol region. It is characterized by transitional landscapes - from the subtaiga zone (mixed, mainly birch-pine forests) to the forest-steppe zone. The most fertile lands were concentrated in the area of ​​the Iset, Pyshma and Nitsa rivers. The middle Tobol region was characterized by a significant number of meadows and other grasslands. The specified territory is favorable for traditional economic activity Russian peasantry.

Among the settlers, people from the regions of the Russian North predominated. The determining factor in the migration movement of Russians in the Trans-Urals from north to south was the meridional orientation of the Tobol river system. The resettlement was slowed down by counter colonization flows in the form of raids by the Bashkirs and Kyrgyz-Kaisaks. At the microterritorial level, other directions of migration are also identified. Thus, initially the Russian advance went in a latitudinal direction along the valleys of the Iset, Pyshma, Neiva, and Nitsa rivers from west to east. Then the southern direction upstream of the Tobol intensified. And only in the 18th century. Active settlement of the Miass valley and the Miass-Uya interfluve began with a predominant direction to the southwest.

The territory of the Trans-Urals was most actively populated in the period 1680-1710s. The average annual population growth rate is about 15%. From about the 2nd quarter of the 18th century. Natural population growth becomes predominant. Since this time, the role of intraregional migrations has been increasing.

From the early stages of development, Trans-Urals turned into one of the main grain-producing regions of the Ural-Siberian region. The main center of economic attraction in the 17th century. became Tobolsk, where did it come true most of bread from Trans-Urals. The most important suppliers of bread were the Pyshma, Nitsyn and Iset settlements.

With the development of the mining and agricultural industry, the Trans-Ural region is focused on the Ural factory centers, but economic relations with Siberia, Kazakhstan and European Russia remain. At the beginning of the 20th century. Trans-Urals is turning into an industrial center butter making, from where the export of butter to Western Europe was established.

Administrative-territorial Trans-Urals in the 17th century. was part of the Verkhoturye, Tobolsk, Turin and Tyumen districts in the 18th - early 20th centuries. - part of the Iset province, then - Shadrinsky, Kamyshlovsky district. Perm province; Turin, Tyumen, Kurgan and Yalutorovsky districts

“TRANS-URALS ON THE MAP OF RUSSIA Bogomolov Oleg Alekseevich. Trans-Urals on the map of Russia. The governor of the Kurgan region talks about native land, where I was born, grew up..."

-- [ Page 1 ] --

OLEG BOGOMOLOV

TRANS-URALS

ON THE MAP

RUSSIA

Bogomolov Oleg Alekseevich.

Trans-Urals on the map of Russia.

The governor of the Kurgan region talks about his native land, where

born, raised and to whom he dedicated his entire conscious

life. This is a report on what was done, and a story about meetings with people, and

a message to descendants, and a textbook of life.

Intended for a wide range of readers.

OLEG BOGOMOLOV

Trans-Urals

MAP OF RUSSIA

SECOND EDITION,

RECYCLED

AND EXTRAS

Kurgan 203 Dear reader!

This year the Kurgan region celebrates its 70th anniversary. She has a difficult past, a difficult present and an interesting future. I would like to understand what happened and is happening to our small homeland and what will happen to us. Her tomorrow is laid today.

The book brought to your attention is an attempt to cover the past and present of the Kurgan region over the seventy years of its existence. To remember everything we once lived and compare it with what we feel now. Only based on an analysis of the facts do we have the right to draw conclusions and understand in which direction we have to move forward.

I would ask you not to perceive this book as a scientific treatise. There is a personal assessment of the situation here. I may be right - and this is my rightness; I may be wrong - but these are my mistakes. Before you are reflections on the go. While leading the story, I adhered to the following principles: towards the past - with respect, towards the present - a critical look, towards the future - with optimism, in everything - common sense.

Oleg Bogomolov, Governor of the Kurgan Region Part I

LET'S

LET'S GET TO KNOW

Chapter

BIRTHDAY

I was born and raised in Petukhovo, a small town with fifteen thousand inhabitants in the east of the region. I liked my city - I liked it for its special comfort, simplicity of relationships. Interesting and interesting people lived and live in it. open people. I had good friends, great teachers. I felt confident in the environment that surrounded me. Probably, here, in this city, the feeling of the Motherland, what we call patriotism, first arose and then grew stronger and became the essence.

On Sundays, my parents and I sometimes went by train to the market in Petropavlovsk, the capital of the North Kazakhstan region. In a foreign city, everything seems to be the same, but not quite. We have one country, but different republics - Russia and Kazakhstan.

You arrive in Petropavlovsk, go out onto the station square - and hear announcements in an unfamiliar language. And the signs everywhere in the stores are unclear. Therefore, returning to Petukhovo has always been welcome: everything here is native, and you feel freer and more comfortable.

When I began to understand this world in the mid-0s, I thought that this is how it was and how it will always be. At school we studied history, but for consciousness to acquire plasticity, it is not enough just to know - we need to feel and experience a lot, to overcome the loss of a static world.

I visited Kurgan later, also with my parents. I introduced it based on a poem by Sergei Vasiliev, which we studied at school:

Here I can blindly find any spinning tree with a tree, any ladder, any gate with a forged ring.

Here, in the rainy season of spring, I attached light birdhouses to the thick branches of poplars, and drove pigeons whistling.

Yes, I love with an old love, Without any false boasting, And these folding shutters, And telegraph poles...

Judging by the live pictures, our regional center was not much different from Petukhovo.

True, the poet wrote this poem four years before my birth, and recalled the twenties. A lot has changed here since then. Street lighting, asphalt, multi-story buildings, water supply, and storm drain grates on the streets testified to the advancement of civilization.

So the flow of time passed through me. I began to understand that the Soviet Union, Russia, and the Kurgan region were not always there.

Oleg Bogomolov. TRANS-URALS ON THE MAP OF RUSSIA

–  –  –

The region did not last long in this composition. On August 9, in accordance with the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, the Tyumen region was created - Omsk districts and village councils with a total area of ​​2.3 thousand square kilometers were taken from us.

Archival documents bring to us discreet statistics of those years. In 1993, 97.3 thousand people lived in the region.

The region was agricultural. 78 thousand hectares were sown with grain crops.

Kurgan's industry was represented by five factories that were part of the People's Commissariat of Arms and Ammunition. There were also a meat processing plant, a creamery, a poultry plant, a bread association, a distillery, a flour mill, a knitting factory and a tannery. The thermal power plant supplied electricity to 30 enterprises, a railway junction, a longitudinal water supply system and cultural institutions.

In Shadrinsk there were four machine-building plants, meat and poultry plants, a creamery, a tobacco factory and a distillery.

There were 2 schools, 8 orphanages and 7 boarding schools in the region. The doors of 800 libraries, 3 cultural centers, three theaters, and 3 cinemas were opened. The largest higher education institution in 1993 was the Chemical-Technological Institute of the Dairy Industry, which was evacuated from Leningrad to the village of Chashi.

The Poltava Agricultural Institute (Kurgan), Teachers' Institute (Shadrinsk), Mechanical Engineering College (Shadrinsk), Agricultural Mechanization College (Petukhovo), Financial College (Shadrinsk), Agricultural Colleges in Kurtamysh and Ketovo, pedagogical schools in Mishkino, Kataysk and Kurtamysh, a secondary agricultural education school in Makushino and a medical school in Kurgan. Patients were admitted to the hospital, and there were 7 pharmacies. The length of the streets in Kurgan was 8 kilometers, of which it was paved. The streets of Shadrinsk are 8.3 kilometers long, paved - .89.

The ratio of the urban and rural population of the region was then completely different - 8.2 thousand people. Industrial and agricultural production were in the same proportions. I myself remember well how dense the villages were back in the 0s: at a distance of three, five, at most seven kilometers.

From the outskirts of one village, across the fields, the buildings of the next could be seen - and so on endlessly.

Now fast forward to the present day. The Kurgan region occupies an area of ​​7,000 square kilometers in the south West Siberian Plain, mostly in the forest-steppe zone. For the regions of the Urals, Siberia and Far East characterized by a different size - many hundreds and thousands of square kilometers. Our region looks unusually small in such a neighborhood. It has a European scale, but it is larger than the Oryol and Ryazan regions combined.

Our climate is sharply continental. Average temperatures in January are minus - 9 degrees, in July - plus 7-9. Annual precipitation is 300-00 millimeters. The sum of active temperatures increases from north to south from 800 to 2,200 degrees.

KURGAN REGION OCCUPIES AN TERRITORY OF 7, THOUSAND SQUARE KILOMETERS IN THE SOUTH OF THE WEST SIBERIAN PLAIN, MOSTLY IN THE FOREST-STEPPE ZONE. FOR THE REGIONS OF THE URAL, SIBERIA AND THE FAR EAST

THERE IS A DIFFERENT SIZE - MANY HUNDREDS AND THOUSANDS

SQUARE KILOMETERS.

The relief is flat, in the west and in the center it is dissected by river valleys. The interfluves are expressively decorated with ridges and hollows. Our main water arteries are the rivers Tobol (km), Iset (28 km), Miass (20 km), Uy (8 km).

The population of the region is 89.3 thousand people, more than half live in the cities of Kurgan (327.9 thousand people), Shadrinsk (77.0), Shumikha (7.7), Kurtamysh (7.), Dalmatovo (3.8), Kataysk (3,), Petukhovo (,), Shchuchye (0.8), Makushino (8.2).

There are 2 rural districts, nine cities, six workers' settlements, and 220 rural settlements in the Trans-Urals.

Traditionally, the Kurgan region belongs to the Ural economic region.

We maintain and strengthen ties with all our neighbors. Our territory compares favorably with all others due to its lower background environmental pollution and low population density.

In 2000, the Kurgan region became part of the Ural Federal District.

Oleg Bogomolov. TRANS-URALS ON THE MAP OF RUSSIA 0 The Dalur enterprise is one of the Russian leaders in uranium mining

–  –  –

RICH PANTRY

This region is spiritually dear to me, first of all, because I was born here and connected my whole life with it. I have a reserved attitude towards the word “love”, believing that it should not be handed out left and right. When you are in nature, your heart sometimes ache, although I know that this is not a sign of illness.

Due to their job responsibilities I know well the state of the resources of the Trans-Urals and can vouch: our region is really rich - fertile soils and mineral reserves, hunting and fishing grounds, healing springs, forests, reservoirs... The trouble is that for various reasons we use it for our own benefit, maybe , only one hundredth of what we have. Everything else is a matter of the future for us and our descendants.

Until now, the main value of the Trans-Ural region, which brought it strength and glory, was land. Plowing - the first and main occupation of Russian settlers - received good chances for development in the future. Agricultural land accounts for almost 2% of the total area. They began to serve people after they were abundantly watered with peasant sweat. In Europe, fields have been cultivated for thousands of years, but here they were first plowed 200-300 years ago. The arable land of the Trans-Ural region occupies 2 thousand hectares, fallow lands - thousands, hayfields and pastures - 088 thousand hectares. Chernozems and solonetzic complexes are mainly used for crops. In a hundred years, peasants have made significant progress. At the beginning of the twentieth century, the average yield was - centners of grain per hectare, at the end - -. We are in a risky farming area, but experience and science allow us to overcome drought. Severely unfavorable weather conditions occur once every twenty-five years, but even then the region is able not only to feed itself, but also to sell grain.

The subsoil of the Trans-Ural region contains unique mineral reserves. The Kurgan region is one of the leading uranium provinces in Russia. Its importance has increased in recent years and will increase even more when nuclear power plants take over leading place in the global energy system. Since 980, we have been searching for ore occurrences and uranium deposits. The first deposit was discovered in the Dalmatovo region. Since 999, the Dalur enterprise has been operating here, supplying uranium to nuclear power plants. Uranium ores lie at a depth of 30-0 meters. When extracting, one of the most environmentally friendly methods is used - the method of underground borehole leaching. The Khokhlovskoye deposit in the Shumikhinsky district and the Dobrovolnoye deposit in the Zverinogolovsky district also have prospects.

Deposits of bentonite clays near the Zyryanka station in the Yurgamysh region are about 30% of all proven reserves in Russia. Clays can be used as molding clays - in the production of iron ore pellets, for the preparation of drilling clay solutions. Clay mining is successfully underway, and a plant for the production of bentonite powder has been launched.

In the Kurtamysh region, significant resources of raw materials for the production of paints, represented by clay ocher, have been identified. So far, more than 90 thousand tons of this type of clay, which lies immediately under the arable layer and is easily accessible, have been explored and put on the balance sheet of mineral reserves.

Deposits of construction raw materials have been identified and explored throughout almost the entire territory of the Kurgan region. First of all, two deposits of building stone with total balance reserves of more than 0 million cubic meters should be noted. m, deposits of brick-tile clay (00 million cubic meters).

m), nine deposits of construction sands (70 million cubic meters). Unfortunately, during the years of reform, many enterprises involved in the production of building materials lost consumers and ceased to exist.

In the north of the region, 8 kilometers southeast of the village of Steklozavod, Belozersky district, there is a deposit of quartz sands suitable for the production of green glass bottles (reserves - 33 thousand tons). According to radiation-hygienic assessment, they belong to the first class and can be used without restrictions.

In 1999, Borovlyansky Glass Factory OJSC ceased to exist due to inept management. Sand reserves have been transferred to the state reserve.

The reasons should not be sought in the depths - they lie on the surface. Enterprise managers failed to navigate the needs of the market, lost old customers and did not find new ones. In the first half of the 90s of the last century, this was difficult: production in all sectors fell, and private construction decreased. The factories were not mothballed - the owners abandoned them, and then they were taken away by all and sundry.

Oleg Bogomolov. TRANSURAL REGION ON THE MAP OF RUSSIA 2 When visiting these places, I cannot perceive what I see without breaking my heart.

The concrete boxes of the workshops gape ominously with empty window sockets. In the courtyard there are rusty, twisted remains of once working mechanisms. At a distance there are deep quarries, something like huge ravines overgrown with grass and bushes.

Against the backdrop of such landscapes, people - former workers of these factories - live out their lives. They are deprived of a source of livelihood. Those who are active have already left. And those who remain are not looking for anything good in the future. They live by farming, waiting until retirement age approaches. Their houses grew old, leaned and grew into the ground.

Such villages need a new owner who, having restored the furnaces, would start producing bricks, tiles, and glass bottles. Of course, this activity is not for those who want to make money quickly. The payback period in this area is about four years. If you have enough persistence and patience, your investment will definitely bring profit.

And there is already one such example. Brylinsky Ceramic Materials Plant LLC operates in the Kargapol region. It did not close, and its owners did not have to overcome the devastation. They only equipped the workshops with new equipment.

Now Brylin brick is no worse than Czech brick and is quickly sold out. Houses are built from it in the center of Kurgan and Shadrinsk, in the suburbs and villages. If there is not enough brick, it is transported from neighboring regions of the Urals. We still have few entrepreneurs, they don’t have enough money in their hands. In my opinion, field development is a matter of time and concentration of capital.

Deposits and occurrences of iron ores were discovered in Tselinny, Kurta-KURGAN REGION - ONE OF THE LEADING URANIUM PROVINCES IN RUSSIA. ITS IMPORTANCE HAS INCREASED IN RECENT YEARS AND WILL INCREASE EVEN MORE WHEN NUCLEAR PLANTS TAKE THE LEAD

PLACE IN THE WORLD ENERGY SYSTEM. SINCE 980 WE HAVE BEEN CONDUCTING

SEARCHING FOR ORE OCCURRENCES AND URANIUM DEPOSITS. FIRST

A DEPOSIT HAS BEEN DISCOVERED IN THE DALMATOVSKY AREA.

Mysh, Yurgamysh regions and form the Glubochensk iron ore zone. Previously, it was believed that due to difficult geological conditions and low technical and economic indicators, field development was impossible in the long term. But that's not true. Some of the deposits (Petrovskoye and the Southern section of Glubochenskoye) are already in demand, and exploration work is underway on them. We have identified tungsten-molybdenum ores and titanium-zirconium placers. I hope the time will come and these resources will serve people.

Attempts to explore hydrocarbon raw materials were carried out in our country even before the Great Patriotic War. In the 0s and 70s of the 20th century, his search was transferred from the Kurgan areas to the Tyumen areas, where results were already available. In 200, ZapSibNIGNI specialists quantified the total initial hydrocarbon resources in the eastern regions of the Kurgan region, which amounted to 20-28 million tons. A number of the most promising areas were identified, and recommendations for further exploration were given.

More recently, Zauralneftegaz LLC and Neftepererabotka LLC carried out geological exploration of Bear Lake in the Petukhovsky district - an analogue of the Dead Sea - in the areas provided to them and even drilled one exploratory well, but no hydrocarbon deposits were found. But when have oil or gas fields been discovered with one well? Let's hope that Trans-Ural Oil Province LLC, which recently received the right to search for hydrocarbons in a new area, will not make the mistakes of previous companies.

Another remarkable feature of our area is the reserves of mineral waters with healing properties. Near the city of Shadrinsk, a groundwater deposit of the Essentuki type was discovered (mineralization 7.0 grams per liter) with reserves of 80 cubic meters per day. In Kurgan, Ketovsky, Belozersky, Kargapolsky districts, mineral deposits have been identified and explored The groundwater Mirgorod, Minsk, Dzhava, Nizhneserginsky types with a mineralization of 2.-2.9 grams per liter. The exploitation of sources has more than tripled in recent years. , thousands of cubic meters of mineral water per year are packaged in bottles, but more than half are exported outside the region, where they are sold.

A significant part of the lakes have enormous salt resources. According to scientists, reserves table salt in brine are 37 thousand tons, sodium sulfate - thousand, soda - thousand, sodium sulfate - 00 thousand. This means that dozens of sanatoriums for the treatment of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and musculoskeletal system could operate in the region.

The forest fund occupies 82.08 hectares and includes 2.% of the total land area of ​​the region. Birch accounts for %, pine - 2.%, aspen - 8.3% of forested areas. Coniferous plantations are dominated by young trees (%) and middle-aged stands (%), so significant wood production is not expected in the next two decades.

Several years ago I talked with one of the geologists from Bashkortostan who were exploring minerals in our Trans-Ural region, and he told me with admiration:

How beautiful you are!

I looked around, saw a panorama of birch groves, copses, fields, meadows - and my heart sank. What a pity that in the daily hustle and bustle we have very little time left to admire what surrounds us, to appreciate things that are simple, but so dear to us.

Oleg Bogomolov. TRANSURAL REGION ON THE MAP OF RUSSIA The size of the hunting grounds is 9,000 hectares. Since ancient times, hunting enthusiasts have been attracted to waterfowl and swamp game. The migration routes of wetland bird species pass through the Kurgan region. The bird fauna of the Kurgan region includes, according to modern data, 278 species. Of these, 23 nest in the region (for 80 species this is known, for another 33 it is assumed), they are found during seasonal migrations, seven - in wintering grounds, species sometimes fly in from neighboring regions. In the 0s, in the Shadrinsky district, the commander of the Ural Military District, Georgy Konstantinovich Zhukov, liked to sit with a gun on the lake, and in the 70s, the famous ophthalmologist Svyatoslav Nikolaevich Fedorov specially came to Petukhovo.

The forests are home to elk, roe deer, wolf, fox, hare, muskrat, beaver, wood grouse, and black grouse. Among the winter types of hunting, the most exciting is the hunt for roe deer. Its annual population is 70 thousand or more thousand individuals, and the main factor limiting the population is the harsh wintering conditions. From under the deep snow, animals have difficulty obtaining grass and crop residues. The annual volumes of licensed production of Siberian roe deer that we establish (more than 80 individuals per year) exceed similar indicators for other regions of the Urals and Western Siberia. It is known that the Siberian roe deer is a profitable and enviable trophy,

–  –  –

WE In the 15th century, this spacious forest-steppe region was deserted. In subsequent centuries, it was gradually populated by service people, Cossacks, peasants from landless provinces of European Russia, exiled participants in revolutionary and national uprisings, and Old Believers. These were, as a rule, people of initiative, strong-willed, with a character tempered by adversity. They knew how to master nature and get along with each other. There was never serfdom in the Trans-Urals, and love of freedom is a fundamental characteristic of the local population. The turbulent and contradictory events of the twentieth century modified the moral character of the people, introduced into them the features of urbanization, some were accustomed to equality, others to material superiority.

And yet, most of my fellow countrymen are characterized by the desire to improve living conditions, patriotism, hard work, and initiative. Now 89 2 people live in the Kurgan region, 07 of them live in cities (0.% of the total population) and 3,207 live in rural areas.

Representatives of over a hundred nationalities live on the territory of the Kurgan region. The absolute majority (92%) are Russians. Bashkirs, Tatars, and Kazakhs play an important role in the life of the Trans-Urals. Some changes occurred in 99-999: due to migration from neighboring countries, the number of Russians increased; there were more Azerbaijanis and Chechens - due to military conflicts in the Caucasus; there are fewer Germans and Jews - due to emigration to foreign countries; the number of Ukrainians and Mordovians decreased.

There are no serious contradictions or conflicts between peoples. I was convinced of this as a child. In Petukhovo, Russians and Ukrainians, Kazakhs and Germans, Belarusians and Moldovans lived on the same street. We played together, without looking closely at what skin color or eye shape someone had. It never occurred to anyone to laugh at the customs observed by a friend’s family. We boys built our little communities on a different principle and, if we fought (mostly over trifles, and not based on someone’s national characteristics), then it was street to street, edge to edge. And so we grew up. Over the years we have been distracted by adult concerns. But some deep connections remained.

Scientists explain the peaceful coexistence of peoples with logical reasons. Firstly, a homogeneous ethnic and linguistic environment, where the Russian people and the Russian language are basic. Secondly, the long-term coexistence of Turkic-speaking and Slavic peoples gave rise to a stable attitude towards peace. Thirdly, the activities of public and national-cultural associations proceed smoothly, without overlap. Although in the early 90s, after the collapse of the USSR, overly zealous emissaries from Tatarstan and Bashkortostan tried to split the friendship between the peoples of the Trans-Ural region, their position on national exclusivity and separatism did not receive support.

In the last decade, the ethnic self-awareness of peoples has noticeably increased. This was expressed in actions to preserve and develop their native language and customs, establish traditional spiritual and moral values ​​in family and everyday relationships, and establish permanent connections with their compatriots. These processes were led by the created national-cultural associations. Now there are already seventeen of them: the Center of Russian Culture “Lad” in the city of Shadrinsk, the regional branch of the World Congress of Tatars “Tatars of the Trans-Urals”, the regional Kurultai of the Bashkirs, the regional National-Cultural Autonomy of the Kazakhs, the Center of Culture of the Ukrainians of the Trans-Urals “Ash”, the Center of Belarusian Culture “Batkovshchina”, Russian national-cultural autonomy of the Kurgan region, regional branch of the All-Russian public organization "Union of Russian Armenians", Kurgan regional branch of the All-Russian public organization "World Azerbaijani Congress", organization of the Chechen-Ingush diaspora "Vainakh", national-cultural autonomy of the Germans of the city of Kurgan, Tatar organization “Tugan Tel” (city of Kurgan), Kurgan city organization of Bashkirs “Kurai” and others.

The regional government supported the aspirations of ethnic public formations to preserve and develop their native language, culture, good traditions and customs. At the initiative of the Advisory Council on Problems of National Relations, we were one of the first in Russia to develop a regional concept, which played a positive role in strengthening interethnic unity and civil peace, helped to understand the need to unite the efforts of public formations and government structures to create and implement regional targeted conservation and development programs national cultures.

Taking into account the interethnic realities of the late 990s and the desire of national organizations to more actively participate in solving socio-economic problems, Oleg Bogomolov. TRANS-URALS ON THE MAP OF RUSSIA 8 9 for the development of our region, the public organization “Assembly of the Peoples of Trans-Urals” was created. The founding congress of the Assembly took place in November 2000. Speaking at it, I warned the participants that the idea of ​​​​forming an interethnic public parliament is wonderful, but the main thing is not to let it be talked about and become bureaucratic. I can confidently say that the formation of the “Assembly of Peoples of the Trans-Urals” has taken place. Now this is not only a branch of the All-Russian public organization “Assembly of the Peoples of Russia”, but in fact an interethnic authoritative assembly of the Trans-Ural region, offering constructive solutions to pressing problems in the social, interethnic, cultural, educational and other spheres.

I am pleased that in recent years, state and local government bodies, cultural and educational institutions do not focus their activities on the isolated development of national cultures, but approach the problem comprehensively, striving for the harmonization of interethnic and national-cultural relations. The Department of Culture of the Kurgan Region and the Main Department of Education constantly support the activities of district,

OVER THE LAST SEVENTY YEARS, THE COMPOSITION OF THE REGION'S POPULATION HAS REMAINED RELATIVELY STABLE. HOWEVER, IN THE 90S WE HAD TO CONTACT THE HIGH

MIGRATION FLOW, MAINLY RUSSIAN-SPEAKING

POPULATIONS FROM NEAR ABROAD COUNTRIES. ITS PEAK HAS CAME

FOR 1994–1995.

rural and school museums. Assistance is provided in the creation of musical, dance, and theater national groups. On the basis of regional departments of culture, together with national and Cossack public associations, the Center for Bashkir and Tatar Cultures in the village of Safakulevo and the Center for Cossack Culture in the village of Zverinogolovskoe were opened and operate. The practice of returning to life traditional folk festivals, national, religious and secular holidays continues.

Over the past seventy years, the composition of the region's population has remained relatively stable; the Trans-Urals have not been subject to any mass movements. However, in the 90s we had to come into contact with a high flow of migration, mainly of the Russian-speaking population from neighboring countries. Its peak occurred in 99-99. In total, from 992 to 2002, 98 refugees and 2,000 internally displaced persons came to us.

In accordance with federal and regional programs, migrants were allocated compensation, one-time benefits, apartments, land for housing construction and loans. However, since 200, entry into the region for permanent residence has almost ceased. At the same time, the Kurgan region is losing population, mainly due to its movement to neighboring regions: Sverdlovsk, Chelyabinsk, Tyumen regions, Yamalo-Nenets and Khanty-Mansiysk autonomous okrugs, where there are free jobs and a higher standard of living. Every year 8-0 thousand people go there.

Oleg Bogomolov. TRANS-URALS ON THE MAP OF RUSSIA

–  –  –

LINES OF STORY

Our region is saturated, interesting events history, unique culture. These places are the birthplace of many prominent politicians, military leaders, scientists, writers, and artists.

The oldest site discovered by archaeologists in the Trans-Ural region is located near Lake Slobodchikovo, Vargashinsky district. It belongs to the Old Stone Age (Paleolithic), it is thousands of years old. In a two-meter clay layer, the bones of two mammoths, a wolf, a hare, a yellow and steppe moth, and 3 stone tools were found. It has been established that ancient people of subsequent eras lived sedentary or semi-sedentary in the Trans-Urals. In the Belozersky region, near the villages of Slobodchiki and Buzan, 2 the remains of a sanctuary of the same type were found as Stonehenge on Salisbury Plain near London. During the Bronze Age, Indo-Iranian and Finno-Ugric tribes lived side by side in our area. In the Middle Ages, this region was part of the Siberian Khanate, which joined Russia in the year, which was decisively secured by the campaigns of Ataman Ermak, governor Sukin and Myasnoy.

The first Russian settlements date back to the year 20 - these were six small outposts of one or two courtyards along the Karmatskaya road. In the year the fifty-year-old monk Dalmat (in the world - Dmitry Ivanovich Mokrinsky) founded a monastery on the banks of the Iset River. At the same time, Cossacks, archers and peasants erected the Isetsky, Kataisky, Mekhonsky forts, which protected the region from attacks by steppe nomadic tribes.

In 79, on Tobol, near Tsarev Kurgan (an ancient structure 00 meters high and 00 meters in diameter, the burial place of an ancient leader), the Tsarevo Settlement settlement was founded by Timofey Anisimovich Nevezhin, white local Cossacks and peasants. IN mid-18th century centuries, the Siberian Dragoon Regiment served here. By decree of Empress Elizabeth Petrovna, the Gorky Line was created, which stretched from Tobol to the Irtysh and the strongholds of which were the Presnogorkovskaya, Peter and Paul, and Omsk fortresses. Since that time, there has been an intensive settlement of the Southern Trans-Urals by peasants from land-poor European provinces. Shadrinsk (city since 72) and Kurgan (city since 782) are centers of trade in grain, meat, lard, and industrial goods.

In the 19th century, Kurgan became a place of political exile. In 800, the famous German playwright August Kotzebue was sent here. In the period from 830 to 8, 3 Decembrists served their sentences here, the most famous of whom were Mikhail Mikhailovich Naryshkin, Alexander Evgenievich Rosen, Vil. IN 89, THE TRANS-SIBERIAN HIGHWAY WAS LAYED ACROSS OUR TERRITORY. AT THE BEGINNING OF THE XX CENTURY, THE ECONOMY OF THE TRANS-URAL REGION ENTERED THE WORLD MARKET. B 907

YEAR, THE PEASANTS CREATED THE UNION OF SIBERIAN OIL PRODUCING ARTELS, WHICH INCLUDE 00 CO-OPERATIVES

HUNDRED THOUSAND PARTICIPANTS.

Helm Karlovich Kuchelbecker. Two exiles, Ivan Fedorovich Fokht and Ivan Semenovich Povalo-Shveikovsky, were buried near the current Alexander Nevsky Church. A Decembrist museum has been opened in the house of Mikhail Mikhailovich and Elizaveta Petrovna Naryshkin. Along with historical figures, there were many (-7 thousand) nameless ones - participants in the uprisings, criminals. IN mid-19th centuries, people from Poltava, Chernigov, Vitebsk, and Grodno provinces moved here. But during the years of Stolypin’s agrarian reform, relatively few peasants came - about a thousand, because there was almost no free arable land left.

For most of their history, Kurgan and Shadrinsk were district centers, but even in this status they were of interest to the country's leaders. In 837 Oleg Bogomolov. TRANS-URALS ON THE MAP OF RUSSIA

Fair on the market square, early 20th century

The heir to the throne visited Kurgan - future emperor Alexander II, accompanied by his teacher, poet Vasily Andreevich Zhukovsky. In 892, the travel route of another crown prince, the future Emperor Nicholas II, ran through the Trans-Urals, whose life ended just as tragically. Prime Minister Pyotr Arkadyevich Stolypin visited Makushino, Lebyazhye and Kurgan in 1990.

In 1989, the Trans-Siberian Railway was laid across our territory. At the beginning of the twentieth century, the economy of the Trans-Ural region entered the world market. In 907, peasants created the Union of Siberian butter-making artels, which included 00 cooperatives with one hundred thousand participants. In 908, a pig slaughterhouse of the Danish company Brühl and Tegersen opened in Kurgan, through which 7 thousand animals passed per year. Pork was used to make bacon, which was extremely valuable in Europe. In 900, entrepreneur Sergei Aleksandrovich Balakshin built an iron foundry in the city that produced oil mills and water turbines with a capacity of up to 2 horsepower. In addition, by the year 9, Kurgan had a power plant, two printing houses, the Gampl brewery, the Sorokin cannery (the property of the St. Petersburg joint-stock company), a can factory, representative offices of the Danish companies Pallizen and Esman, men's and women's gymnasiums, 3 schools, two cinema, cars and 2 motorcycles.

Soviet power in the Kurgan district was established on December 7, 97, and fell on June 2, 98 under the pressure of Czechoslovak troops. During the first four months of 99, the Volga Corps of General V. was reorganized in Kurgan.

O. Kappel. On August 99, a combined cavalry detachment of the 3rd Army of the Eastern Front under the leadership of Nikolai Dmitrievich Tomin knocked out Kolchak’s units from Kurgan and took control of the railway bridge. In February-March 1992, in the volosts east of Tobol, the Ishim peasant uprising unfolded, which ranks alongside the Kronstadt rebellion and the Tambov uprising.

The short period of the NEP gave way to an offensive along the entire front of socialism. In 928, ten state farms operated in the Kurgan district. By the summer of 932, collectivization was largely completed. In the areas now included in the Kurgan region, collective farms consisted of 7,000 peasant farms (73.9%). About 30 thousand farms were subject to dispossession and deportation.

June 22, 9 peaceful life people was interrupted by the attack on the USSR by Nazi Germany. Our region was born of war, tempered by fire, tested by the hard times of war. And she made a tangible contribution to the defeat of the Nazi invaders. All the days of the war, from the first fatal fire to the last, the Trans-Urals selflessly fought and worked in the name of the Great Victory.

The chronicle of the war years contains thousands and thousands of examples of exemplary performance by our fellow countrymen of military duty, heroism, and selfless service to the Motherland. More than 220 thousand Trans-Urals fought on the fronts of the Great Patriotic War, over 7 thousand did not return home. Trans-Ural residents were awarded the titles of Hero of the Soviet Union and Hero of Russia, 2 became full holders of the Order of Glory. 7 thousand of our fellow countrymen were awarded orders and medals for courage and bravery in battles with the fascist invaders. We can be proud: the first twice Heroes of the Soviet Union Grigory Panteleevich Kravchenko and Sergei Ivanovich Gritsevets are ours, Trans-Urals! And later, another brave falcon joined their ranks - Kirill Alekseevich Evstigneev. In the book “The Winged Guard,” talking about the exploits of his comrades, Evstigneev wrote: “We rushed at the enemy, without thinking at all about his numerical superiority, fought fearlessly and won.”

The Trans-Urals also worked selflessly in the rear. The region supplied hundreds of thousands of tons of food to the front. Meat, for example, would be enough to supply ten motorized rifle divisions for an annual supply. Residents of the region signed up for loans and contributed 00 million rubles to the defense fund. More than 20 thousand people were awarded the medal “For Valiant Labor in the Great Patriotic War of 9-9.”

They originate from the Trans-Urals outstanding commanders and military leaders. In February 1998, the regiment that repelled the advance of the Kaiser’s troops on Pskov was commanded by Alexander Ivanovich Cherepanov. Philip Ivanovich Golikov headed the intelligence department in the 930s General Staff, and to the Great Patriotic War- armies and fronts. It fell to the commander of the 1st Army, Mikhail Stepanovich Shumilov, to capture Field Marshal Paulus in Stalingrad in 1993. In the pre-war and war years, the foreign intelligence of the NKVD of the USSR was led by a native of the village of Ozhogino, Shatrovsky district, Pavel Mikhailovich Fitin. The first Chief of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of Russia, Hero of the Russian Federation, Viktor Petrovich Dubynin, and the hereditary military man who replaced him in this post, Anatoly Vasilyevich Kvashnin, hail from the Kurgan region.

Unfortunately, even in the 20th century our region remained a place of exile. In the 1930s, the family of the repressed Bolshevik Party leader Georgy Leonidovich Pyatakov served time in Petukhovo. In the 0s, wealthy Moldovan peasants were brought to our settlement - collectivization in their native republic was carried out after the war.

Dozens of nuggets who glorified the region with their glorious deeds and discoveries are connected with the Trans-Urals by birth or years of life. Thanks to the brilliant achievements of the Russian scientist - physicist and electrical engineer Alexandra Oleg Bogomolov. TRANS-URALS ON THE MAP OF RUSSIA 2 Stepanovich Popov, we cannot imagine our life without radio communications, but he received his first start in life from the walls religious school Dalmatovsky Monastery. Russia owes a lot to our fellow countryman Konstantin Dmitrievich Nosilov for his detailed research and description of the Arctic islands. And the village priest Ivan Mikheevich Pervushin advanced far ahead with his research in the field of numbers. mathematical science Russia, ahead of the theoretical developments of mathematicians from other countries in this direction. A prominent figure in the Bolshevik Party, the future People's Commissar of Foreign Trade, Leonid Borisovich Krasin, was born in Kurgan.

An invaluable contribution to practical agriculture was made by Academician of the All-Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences Terenty Semenovich Maltsev. In the 0s, Nikita Sergeevich Khrushchev, Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev, and later Boris Nikolaevich Yeltsin came to visit him.

Since the 1930s, Mikhail Pavlovich Dryazgov was a colleague of spaceship designer Sergei Pavlovich Korolev, and the Doronin brothers designed a parachute for the descent vehicles. Professor Gavriil Abramovich Ilizarov

THANKS TO THE GENIUS ACHIEVEMENTS OF A RUSSIAN SCIENTIST

- PHYSICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING BY ALEXANDER STEPANOVICH POPOV WE CAN’T IMAGINE OUR LIFE WITHOUT RADIO COMMUNICATIONS, AND

After all, he received his first start in life from the walls of the theological school of the Dalmatian Monastery.

opened a new era in orthopedics and traumatology and founded the Research Institute of Experimental and Clinical Orthopedics and Traumatology. Surgeon Yakov Davidovich Vitebsky said a weighty word in gastroenterology.

The works of literature and art created by the Trans-Urals are original.

Professor of painting Fyodor Andreevich Bronnikov reached great heights in art. He lived in Moscow and abroad, but was always devoted to his small homeland. According to the will drawn up by Bronnikov in Rome, more than three hundred of his works, an archive and 2 thousand rubles in silver were transferred to Shadrinsk.

A native of Dalmatovo, a contemporary of Pushkin and Griboyedov, Alexander Fedorovich Merzlyakov is known as the creator of the poem “Among the Flat Valley.”

Academician of the Academy graduated from Kurgan gymnasium medical sciences Petr Dmitrievich Gorizontov. At the end of the 19th century, the writer Dmitry Narkisovich Mamin-Sibiryak came to Shadrinsky district; the action of his novel “Bread” is connected with these places. In Kurgan, Vsevolod Vyacheslavovich Ivanov wrote his first stories, the poet Sergei Aleksandrovich Vasiliev was born, and the writer Alexei Kuzmich Yugov studied at the gymnasium. The strongest impact had small homeland based on the work of the outstanding sculptor Ivan Dmitrievich Shadr (Ivanov), author of the works “Cobblestone - the weapon of the proletariat”, “Red Armyman”, “Sower”. During the war, schoolchild Andrei Andreevich Voznesensky lived here in evacuation with relatives and literary critic Igor Petrovich Zolotussky was brought up in an orphanage.

–  –  –

INDUSTRY:

THREE WAVES

When taking up the post of governor, I was interested in learning about my predecessors - the people who led the region throughout its history. What were they like, what issues did they solve? Only indirect data has been preserved about the first decade. Even centuries ago, when writing appeared on the planet, this method of transmitting information had opponents. They warned: it will disappear historical memory. Their fears were fully confirmed in the twentieth century after Christ. It would seem that all events had their own eyewitnesses, literate people who well understood the essence of what was happening. And yet, much has passed us by. There are no detailed memories left. It was forbidden to tell either for ideological reasons or out of fear for one’s life. And then time fulfilled its inexorable mission - the participants and eyewitnesses of the events left for another world.

Therefore, I will describe the first decade of the history of the region in general terms based on archival documents.

The current Kurgan region is in the past the eastern outskirts of the Chelyabinsk region. Industrialization, which was intensively carried out in the USSR in the 30s, did not reach here. The only and timid exception is the heavy crane plant planned for the third five-year plan. Its construction was barely started in 90 and was interrupted by the war.

–  –  –

FIRST

LEADERS

It is difficult to object to the well-known slogan “Personnel decides everything.” The predecessor of higher education in the Trans-Urals was the Shadrinsky Teachers' Institute. December 93 opened at its base Pedagogical Institute with three faculties: history, physics and mathematics, Russian language and literature. That academic year he accepted 20 students. Later he was transferred to Kurgan. However, managerial personnel are usually drawn from the production sector. The evacuation of the Poltava Agricultural Institute to Kurgan in 199 came at a very opportune time. By a resolution of the Council of People's Commissars of January 3, 199, the Kurgan Agricultural Institute was founded on its basis, which at first trained only agronomists and livestock specialists. In the 0s, with the growth of Trans-Ural industry, a need for engineers arose. In 1990, the Kurgan Mechanical Engineering Institute accepted its first intake. 300 people entered the first and second year of the full-time faculty. Scientists and teachers from the Ural Polytechnic Institute from Sverdlovsk came to work in our regional center.

How were the first echelons of regional leaders, the corps of directors, formed? These were envoys of the Central Committee of the Party, people with significant experience in leadership work.

On February 1993, Pyotr Alekseevich Tetyushev was appointed to the post of first secretary of the regional committee of the CPSU. He was born in July 1990, came from a philistine background, and began his career in 1997 as a delivery boy for the management of tanneries in Tsaritsyn. After graduating from the Institute of Red Professors, Tetyushev managed to work as an organizer of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks and second secretary of the Krasnoyarsk Regional Committee.

In May 9, he was transferred from Kurgan as second secretary to the Minsk Regional Committee.

Tetyushev was replaced by Vasily Andreevich Sharapov. Their biographies are somewhat similar.

Sharapov is from Novosibirsk, started at the age of twelve as a laborer, studied at the Ural-Siberian Communist University, and was the second secretary of the regional party committee in Novosibirsk. He spent the entire war in Moscow as Deputy People's Commissar of Procurement. His transfer to a small region was regarded as nothing more than a demotion. But two years later, in June 1997, he was released from the post of first secretary as having failed.

The next party leader of Trans-Urals is Kaluga resident Vladimir Vasilyevich Lobanov, a graduate of the Moscow Industrial Academy. Kaganovich. And he worked in Kurgan for a short time - from July 1997 to April 1990, after which he was recalled to the Central Committee and sent to Rostov-on-Don in 1992. He retired from the Sakhalin Regional Committee in June 973, and at the same time he was assigned a personal pension of union significance in the amount of 90 rubles for life.

By decision of the Central Committee of February 1993, the Kurgan Regional Executive Committee was headed by Sergei Ivanovich Molikov, who previously worked as deputy chairman of the regional executive committee in Chelyabinsk. Education - five classes of a rural school, Oryol provincial party school and a two-year faculty special purpose under the People's Commissariat of Agriculture.

In November 97, he went to study at the Higher Party School under the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks.

He was replaced by Leonid Aleksandrovich Ivanov, who also had an incomplete secondary education. Subsequently, Aleksey Matveevich Bueverov (December 90 - April 92), a graduate of the Moscow Agricultural Academy, worked as chairmen of the regional executive committee. Timiryazeva Stepan Vlasovich Kalchenko (April 92 - March 9), Gennady Fedorovich Sizov (March 9 - April 9), Dmitry Karpovich Mrykhin (April 9 - April 99), Philip Kirillovich Knyazev (April 99 - April 9), Nikolai Grigorievich Maslov (April 9 - June 973), Alexander Ivanovich Makhnev (June 973 - June 988), Valentin Pavlovich Gerasimov (June 988 - November 99). November 99 V.P. Gerasimov took office as head of the administration of the Kurgan region. August 99, by Decree of the President, Anatoly Nikolaevich Sobolev was appointed head of the administration.

Paradoxically, in the entire history of the region, only three of its leaders received higher education in Kurgan. Alexander Ivanovich Makhnev graduated from the Agricultural Institute in the 9th year, Valentin Pavlovich Gerasimov graduated from the Mechanical Engineering Institute in the 9th year. The author of these lines also has the honor of being a graduate of KMI.

Oleg Bogomolov. TRANS-URALS ON THE MAP OF RUSSIA

–  –  –

FROM THE CAPITAL -

Nikolai Nikolaevich Bryzin recalls how the region was staffed at that time:

“In 1990, I was sent from Kostroma to party courses in Moscow. There were 200 of us, young and promising. On the first day, the Russian language teacher gave me a dictation. Three wrote it as a “five,” fifteen people wrote it as a “four,” and forty people wrote it as a “three.” They gave me an A. On the same day I met another excellent student. He recommended:

Philip Knyazev. From Tambov.

From then on we sat at the same desk. In our free time we went to Moscow theaters. Six months of study flew by quickly. It's time to distribute. I was offered to go to Sakhalin as the first secretary of the city committee. My wife didn't want to go that far.

And I refused:

We have a small son, he is only two months old. I'm afraid that climate change will affect his health.

Then they pointed me to Kurgan. It was already inconvenient to refuse. I call my wife:

Nina! Kurgan is just halfway from Moscow to Sakhalin.

Go!

June arrived in Kurgan. As soon as I settled into the hotel, the first thing I did was go to the buffet for lunch. I look and can’t believe my eyes:

Philip! How are you here?

But I must say that in the confusion of distribution, we somehow lost sight of each other.

Now they collected what food they had from the hotel buffet and came to the room.

Philip says:

They wanted to send me to Silesia as an adviser to the Committee of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany. However, they set a condition: the family must remain in the Union. And I, you know, have three girls. My Klava was indignant: “How can I live without a family? You won’t go anywhere!”

I listen to his story, take a pie from the table, take a bite and freeze with my mouth open - a fish bone is embedded in my gum. Here Philip and I laughed a lot and realized how the Trans-Ural region differs from Europe: here, on the Volga, they put fish in pies without bones.”

The next day they received new assignments. Bryzin became deputy head of the industrial department of the regional committee, and Knyazev went as first secretary to the Kataysky district.

3 Oleg Bogomolov. TRANS-URALS ON THE MAP OF RUSSIA New buildings in the center, 0s

–  –  –

KURGAN

STREETS STRAIGHT

Having assumed the post of first secretary of the regional committee in April 1990, Georgy Apolinarievich Denisov attended meetings in all regional organizations. Giving instructions, he especially emphasized:

Write in your reports what really is. We don't need inflated numbers and made-up indicators.

There was talk in Kurgan that Denisov was a relative of Malenkov himself. His reign was marked by noticeable changes in the region's economy. In 1990, construction trust No. 7 was created, the construction of pipeline fittings factories and chemical engineering. In the 9th, the Reinforced Concrete Products Plant No. came into operation. In 92-93, the pasta factory and dairy plant were equipped with new equipment. In 1992, construction began on the Spetselevatormelmash and bus factories.

Back on March 2, 97, the Council of Ministers of the USSR adopted a Resolution signed by J.V. Stalin “On measures to improve the urban economy of Kurgan.” Now it's time to reap its benefits. Kurgan has become prettier. It was then that the central square of the city acquired its modern appearance. It was paved over. New buildings grew along the perimeter: the Rossiya cinema, the Palace of Pioneers, the regional executive committee, the school of party activists (hereinafter referred to as building “A” of the KMI). According to the design of architect Fedorov, the building housing the regional drama theater was reconstructed. The Moscow Theater named after him took patronage over him. Vakhtangov.

Soon the Moscow Art Theater studio came to Kurgan on tour.

At the same time, the palaces of culture of Uralselmash (in the future - KZKT) and construction workers, the Tobol hotel, and swimming lanes on Uval opened in Kurgan.

Krasin and Kuibyshev streets were actively built up. Experts set to work creating a collector and treatment facilities. But there was an embarrassment on Gorky Street: it was paved with wooden checkers, which, at the first big downpour, floated up and turned into boats to the delight of the children.

Georgy Apolinarievich was known as a reserved man. I didn’t raise my voice, but there was such a thing general atmosphere, that Georgy Apolinarievich’s subordinate could not fail to carry out his instructions. Denisov Denisov also loved to observe the initiatives of young people.

Alexander Ivanovich Makhnev recalls:

“In the early fifties, I worked as director of Kirov MTS. One day the secretary of the district committee warned me:

Today, the first secretary of the regional committee, Comrade Denisov, will come to see you together with a group of comrades.

There was a reason for this. In accordance with the decision of the Plenum of the CPSU Central Committee, which was devoted to issues of strengthening agriculture, we, along with 2 other machine and tractor stations in the region, began construction.

Georgy Apolinarievich arrived only in the evening - he was delayed at the neighboring Varlakovskaya MTS.

He sat on one side of the table, and I and the specialists sat on the other. A conversation ensued on production topics. The first secretary expressed to us his suggestions and wishes regarding cleaning technology and labor organization. Sometimes his point of view did not coincide with ours. And then we, young and perky, argued heatedly. The head of the regional Department of Agriculture, Kessler, stood up from the table, walked behind Denisov and with gestures urged us to calm down. Meanwhile, the conversation continued, reached some sensitive topic - and again we showed our temperament. And again Leonid Viktorovich waved his hands. This is how I remember this scene - we are arguing, and he is conducting from behind.

Then we visited the construction of the production building - everything was already ending there. We looked into the newly opened hostel. After their shift, the machine operators took a shower and sat in their rooms reading books.

About the books, this was their idea:

wanted to please the first secretary.

Denisov was pleased with the progress of construction. At that time, we independently and energetically “mined” bricks at the factories of the region, and therefore surpassed other MTS in terms of pace.”

Georgy Apolinarievich sometimes expressed dissatisfaction with the work of the party and Soviet apparatus. On February 0, 1999, the regional committee bureau noted that a significant part of the leading workers, instead of doing real work, were engaged in drawing up numerous directives, resolutions, answers, etc. Alas, the bureaucracy did not end that year.

There is a story about how factories were “pulled” back then in the Trans-Urals. In 1992, Denisov initiated the expansion of the Shadrinsk telephone plant. A delegation from the Ministry of Electrical Engineering Industry came to Kurgan, including Oleg Bogomolov. TRANSURAL REGION ON THE MAP OF RUSSIA 3 would decide the fate of the enterprise. The existing site in the city center was constraining production; a new one had to be found.

Need space. So that no one interferes and nothing needs to be demolished. The products are intended for the army, which means they are secret. A close location to a water source is desirable, the Muscovites gave instructions.

Employees of the regional committee and regional executive committee took them to the outskirts of Shadrinsk, where a pine forest stood majestically.

The air is good,” said the head of the delegation. “But if you put a power line, water supply, sewer and railway line here, it will cost the same as building a new site.” No good.

The delegation returned to Kurgan with nothing. This was reported to Georgy Apolinarievich.

Badly! - said the first secretary. - They will give the plant to another city. Haven't they left yet?

They are gathering the day after tomorrow.

Then there's this. Take them back to Shadrinsk and show them the block in the center, near the old site. This. It is not densely built up, and the houses, as far as I remember, are dilapidated. But all support systems are close.

And so they did. Muscovites liked the new place.

The head of the ministerial delegation smiled:

And he is persistent, your first secretary. But now there will be a factory!

And showed his thumb. In 1993, the plant began to build a production building here with an area of ​​square meters. But the final resettlement occurred only in 99.

Denisov was sensitive to Trans-Ural agriculture, which was unique and capricious. His predecessor Lobanov was a supporter of early sowing and suppressed the initiative of Terenty Semenovich Maltsev, who defended optimal timing. Georgy Apolinarievich gave the Shadrinsky nugget complete freedom of action. In August 9, by decision of the Central Committee of the CPSU, an All-Union meeting on agricultural issues was held in the village of Maltsevo, at the same time the Krasny Kurgan publishing house published Maltsev’s book “ New system tillage of soil and crops." And on November 9, 9, Terenty Semenovich was awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor.

The first secretaries had significant power in those years, and even Denisov’s daughter contributed to the redevelopment of the city. Initially, the dance floor was located in the city garden, not far from its eastern gate. Evening events took place with a large crowd of people, a brass band played.

The adult daughter of the first secretary lived separately from her parents on Lenin Street and constantly complained to her father:

It’s noisy, there’s no sleep or peace from them.

And then Denisov ordered to move the site to the western gate, although this was not in accordance with ethics: nearby is the grave of the Kurgan commissars, shot by soldiers of the Czechoslovak corps in 98.

In the spring of 9, Georgy Apolinarievich Denisov was recalled to the disposal of the Central Committee of the party. And in his declining years he was sent as ambassador to Hungary. Georgy Apolinarievich worked until he violated diplomatic etiquette. One day, to convey an urgent message, he entered the hall where a meeting of the Council of Ministers was taking place.

Janos Kadar interrupted the discussion, took the paper, listened politely to Denisov, and then complained to the CPSU Central Committee:

Your ambassador is exaggerating his powers.

And then G. A. Denisov was transferred to the All-Union Committee for Vocational Education.

3 G. F. Sizov at his desk

–  –  –

Vasily Vasilyevich Miroshnichenko says:

“When I was appointed head of the regional Department of Agricultural Equipment, I was 32 years old and I was the youngest leader of this rank in the entire republic. Gennady Fedorovich Sizov supported our initiatives to mechanize agriculture and was upset if something did not work out. I remember this episode. A regional agronomic meeting is taking place on the eve of spring sowing. The chairmen of collective farms strongly criticize me - not enough mineral fertilizers have been received.

Gennady Fedorovich had an explosive temperament:

Vasily Vasilyevich, you sit on the presidium and hear everything. Now get up, go and solve the supply issue. And then you will come and report to us.

I had no choice but to obey. I sat on the steps of the regional committee and went into the reception room to see the secretary. He asked to put me on the phone with the chairman of the republican association “Agricultural Equipment” Shevchenko. He is absent. I called the Chairman of the All-Union Selkhoztekhnika, Alexander Aleksandrovich Ezhevsky. He knew me.

I explain:

There is a meeting in progress. We have received criticism. From First Secretary Gennady Fedorovich Sizov there is a big request - to increase supplies to us.

He laughed, then said seriously:

Fine. We will allocate 30 thousand tons of mineral fertilizers to the Kurgan region by the beginning of spring sowing.

I returned to the hall and talked about it. Yezhevsky kept his word. Only I began to notice: after such methods of work I am turning gray.”

A graduate of the Timiryazev Academy, who devoted his entire life to agriculture, Gennady Fedorovich Sizov was an indisputable expert in both agriculture and animal husbandry. He paid tribute to the Maltsev system, but he also had his own views on this or that problem.

In the second half of the 0s quantitative changes in agriculture have grown into quality ones. The mechanization of agriculture was completed. Now sowing was carried out only with tractors and agricultural machines, grain was harvested only with combines. The pace of sowing and harvesting work has increased - this has made it possible to complete them in a better time frame. Grain production increased by 70% from 1990 to 1990. Collective and state farms began to produce more hay and fodder. During this decade, meat, milk and wool production in the region almost doubled.

With all this, Gennady Fedorovich Sizov did not feel confident in his future. And there were reasons for this. After his trip to the United States, the First Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee intensively introduced corn into the fields of the Soviet Union. Sizov believed that for our natural and climatic conditions, annual and perennial grasses are more suitable as food. It got to the point that at one of the Moscow meetings, Nikita Sergeevich Khrushchev called Sizov “a stubborn fan of oats.” It must be said that the leader of the Kurgan communists was not alone in his attitude towards corn. Terenty Semenovich Maltsev also accepted the corn with restraint. At first, it did not even appear to the production villagers. Enver Ka remembers

–  –  –

D. S. Polyansky with T. S. Maltsev Kurgan residents meet N. S. Khrushchev on the station square to tell the Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR about the trip: farmsteads and dachas are being closed down everywhere, but they don’t want to in Kurgan.

However, despite his cool attitude towards the regional leaders, Khrushchev had no complaints about the village workers. And he demonstrated objectivity. On October 30, 99, a significant event took place for us - by Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, the Kurgan region was awarded the Order of Lenin. The farmers of the Trans-Urals had reasons to celebrate their victory: this fall they received 2 centners of grain per hectare. The gross harvest amounted to 2,78,300 tons of bread. Nothing like this has ever happened in the entire history of the region. Even in the year 9, which was generous with weather, only 777,300 tons were collected. In a word, a huge breakthrough.

The high award was to be presented by the First Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR Nikita Sergeevich Khrushchev. It was a strange visit. Khrushchev arrived in Kurgan just over a year later, only in March 9th. As if he was hoping that in 1990 the Trans-Urals would let us down, and the regional leaders would be uncomfortable looking him in the eye.

However, the farmers did not fail. Although the yield was 3 centners per hectare, the gross harvest was only slightly lower. The plan for selling grain to the state was more than fulfilled, so we could rejoice once again.

The government train stopped near the station. A black ZIL was rolled out of the freight car onto the platform along the slipways. Khrushchev drove along Krasin and Gogol streets, which were a living corridor: workers and students came out to greet the head of the party and state. Under the leadership of their leaders, of course.

The ceremonial meeting took place in the regional drama theater. PrikaOleg Bogomolov. TRANS-URALS ON THE MAP OF RUSSIA 0

Gorsad, 0s

When accepting the order for the banner of the region, Nikita Sergeevich did not hug or kiss Sizov, as was customary in such cases, but only shook his hand.

Long before Khrushchev’s American trip, Gennady Ivanovich Yakovlev, a teacher at the Mezhborsky school in the Pritobolny district, grew corn on his plot with his children.

The leaders of the region decided to do something nice - they invited teachers and schoolchildren to the ceremonial meeting. Dear Nikita Sergeevich was given several plastic bags of cobs, but this did not appease the first secretary. Speaking with final words, Khrushchev turned to the presidium table and said:

Terenty Semenovich, why don’t you support corn? After all, the pioneers are already growing it!

Maltsev took this kind of reproach hard.

Nikita Sergeevich also refused the traditional festive dinner, citing a headache. Although the owners did their best: they set tables in three places, and at the regional committee dacha in Boldintsevo a house was built especially for this visit.

Khrushchev suddenly said:

I'd like to get to the station quickly.

This elementary desire was not so easy to fulfill. A significant crowd of townspeople gathered in front of the facade of the drama theater. Knowing the democratic manner of the first secretary, they wanted to talk with him, and some of them wanted to hand over letters and complaints.

Among other guests, six colonels were present in the meeting room. Regional committee employees asked them to get dressed and leave as a group through the main entrance. Seeing the hats, people at first mistook one of them for Khrushchev’s famous astrakhan hat and quickly surrounded the officers. It took several minutes to make sure that the distinguished guest was not here. Meanwhile, Nikita Sergeevich left the theater through the back door, hurriedly walked along the snow-covered path and got into the limousine, which was quietly waiting for him on Volodarsky Street. The Kurgan residents managed to present him with only one petition. The lively crowd stood in the square for a long time. Then everyone left. The next morning, this event was announced only by a few galoshes left by someone in the chaos.

In 9, Sizov was already so disappointed in his career growth, that he addressed the deputy regional executive committee Bryzin:

Give me a plot of land for my personal dacha. When I retire, I will grow tomatoes.

And suddenly - a call from Moscow. On the line is Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee Alexander Nikolaevich Shelepin.

Gennady Fedorovich! Come, let's talk.

In Moscow, Shelepin outlined the essence of the matter. A group of comrades are dissatisfied with Khrushchev’s voluntaristic habits and intend to relieve him of his position. In this case, all democratic procedures must be observed.

How do you feel about this proposal?

At the October (9 years) Plenum of the CPSU Central Committee, Khrushchev did not find support and was relieved of his post. It was he who had to grow tomatoes at the dacha.

But Sizov’s determination was not forgotten. It turned out that he was one of the first regional committee secretaries who supported Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev and his supporters.

In 9, after the XXIII Party Congress, Gennady Fedorovich was elected Chairman of the Audit Commission of the CPSU. The position is quiet, not troublesome, but significant.

Gennady Fedorovich helped the Kurgan residents if they turned to him.

Already in the seventies, the region was actively engaged in asphalting roads.

Our own reserves of gravel are small. One of the knowledgeable people suggested:

In the city of Asbest, Chelyabinsk region, there is asbestos crumbs, factory waste.

Deputy Chairman of the Regional Executive Committee Nikolai Nikolaevich Bryzin came for reconnaissance. Indeed, huge waste heaps of asbestos crumbs are an excellent substitute for crushed stone.

The plant director did not object:

At least take it all. We don't know what to do.

Bryzin went to the Ministry of Railways to knock out the cars. They categorically refused. Then he came to Old Square. Gennady Fedorovich received his fellow countryman cordially. He no longer shaved his head, and his long, gray, fluffy hair had grown.

He gave me tea and bagels and asked about old friends. Then he picked up the phone and dialed the number of First Deputy Minister of Railways Nikolai Alekseevich Gundobin:

Hello. Bryzin from the Kurgan region is sitting with me. Help him with the carriages.

Give as much as he asks.

Hung up:

It is necessary for the Ministry of Construction Materials Industry to authorize it. The plant director agrees, but what if they become stubborn?

Sizov called this ministry as well. Explained the essence of the issue.

“I understand,” the minister replied. - My deputy will write a joint order of the two ministries. Let's agree.

Two weeks later the order was sent by special communications to the regional executive committee. At that time, the Kurgan residents managed to export 0 thousand tons of asbestos crumbs. And in subsequent years we bought it more than once.

Oleg Bogomolov. TRANSURAL REGION ON THE MAP OF RUSSIA 2 Bogomolovs and Limonnikovs

–  –  –

PARENTAL

TESTAMENT Here it would be appropriate for me to begin a story about myself and my family. We, like millions of other people, were also the creators of history. Small, inconspicuous and unassuming. One or another high solutions they reached us, they reached us in the ninth wave. In some places they pushed me forward and upward, in others they tried to drown me.

In describing events, I do not intend to present them in a light favorable to me. I remember everything - both good and bad.

Local historian Nikolai Andreevich Anisimov published the book “Pages of History of the Petukhovsky District” in 2002, where he cites some facts of my ancestry:

“Bogomolov Alexey Tarasovich and Limonnikova Anna Ivanovna entered into a legal marriage in Petukhovo in 1999. The surnames Bogomolov and Limonnikov are ancient, as they were found in the 17th and 18th centuries.

Bogomolov Taras Nikitich has roots in the Samara province. Maria Zakharovna, whose maiden name was Velichko, at the age of seven, moved with her parents from the Priluki district of the Poltava province to the resettlement village of Bogdanovich, Teplodubrovsk volost. In her first marriage, she had the surname Semenikhin. From her first husband she had children Konstantin, Elizaveta, Pelageya. Having been widowed, she married Taras Bogomolov. From this marriage, Alexey Tarasovich was born in Yudino in 92.

Oleg Bogomolov

The Limonnikovs, Ivan Ivanovich, born in 898, and Agrafena Fedorovna, born in 90, lived in the large village of Nikolaevka, on the Ishim River, in Northern Kazakhstan. There they had four children: Fedor, born 922, Maria, born 92, Anna, born 929, Ivan, born 930. Zinaida was born in 9 in the city of Petukhovo. Fedor died on Finnish war in 939. In Nikolaevka, Ivan Ivanovich was a peasant, and Agrafena Fedorovna baked bread for collective farmers, so tasty that when bread was brought to the arable land from another cook, they refused: “We will wait for Limonnikova’s bread.”

Oleg Bogomolov. TRANS-URALS ON THE MAP OF RUSSIA When in 930 they moved from Nikolaevka to the Petukhovo station, Anna and Ivan were still small. Here the head of the family worked as a switchman.”

So, my father Alexey Tarasovich Bogomolov was born in March 92. In October 9, he went to work at the switch factory. Mastered the planing machine. In November 1993, when he became a candidate member of the party, the worker Vladimir Yakovlevich Brizhan wrote in a recommendation: “Comrade Bogomolov showed himself to be the best Stakhanovite in fulfilling the 5th Five-Year Plan and is now working for the 9th year.”

The first years of my childhood were spent in an adobe house. Do you know how they were built?

They dug a hole in the yard, poured water into it, dumped clay, straw, and horse manure. Then the family mixed this mass with their feet and laid it out in wooden forms. The clay dried up - our house was built from such bricks and covered with turf. Such buildings are evidence of extreme poverty. This is understandable - my grandfather, Taras Nikitich, was a farm laborer and did not leave any inheritance.

The house stood on Proletarskaya Street. On the opposite side there is a factory stable and a machine shop. The entrance is on the north side of the plant, it’s far away.

When I was five years old, at the beginning of the lunch break, I would run across the street and pass the hot lunch my mother had prepared to my father through the window. I waited for him to eat, took the bowls and rushed home.

My mother, Anna Ivanovna, worked as a paramedic in a factory medical unit. I still have her yellow bag in which she carried tools and medicine. My father's sister, Aunt Liza Semenikhina, lived with us. She was deaf and dumb, helped her mother with housework and raised us children. I was born October 90. Brother Sergei - in 9th, and brother Igor - in 98.

I was not baptized in the church. But my godparents were chosen - my father’s cousin, Vera Grigorievna Tsarapina, and my grandfather, Ivan Ivanovich Limonnikov. Many people did this back then. They were afraid of the reaction of the authorities, but they also did not want to deviate from the Orthodox tradition.

My father graduated from the Petukhovsky College of Agricultural Mechanization. The head of the foundry and mechanical plant, V.D. Ermakov, appointed him deputy for quality, head of the quality control department. But this did not last long. By that time my father had bought

–  –  –

in Kazakhstan, a white Volga GAZ-2 that was involved in an accident. At that time it was a new model, perhaps the only one in the area. Dad's ill-wisher wrote a letter to the party bureau of the organization in 1992, where he posed the question: does the communist Bogomolov live within his means? My father was expelled from the CPSU. He was very worried, but did not stop fighting. I wrote a letter to the regional committee. A commission came, looked at how we live, and drew conclusions. My father was reinstated in the party. Subsequently, until his retirement, he ran two workshops at the plant - a foundry and a forge. And he was listed as a foreman so that his “hot” experience was counted. This was his agreement with the head of the plant, V.V. Volkov.

And the explanation for buying the Volga is the simplest. My parents kept a large farm. Constantly - two cows, teenage bulls, piglets, chickens, ducks, geese, a garden. Outside the city, they were cultivating a twenty-acre plot of land. Mom sold early vegetables and currants. The party's policy in Khrushchev's times was aimed at curtailing subsidiary farming, which probably explains my father's troubles. We needed the car not for driving, but to go to mowing and to the dacha.

My father was physically strong. In the mornings, before getting down to business, he handled two two-pound weights. This is a ritual - he did not deviate from it, even when he retired. My father's character is tough. In the morning he gave me a task: water the garden, split firewood, carry coal, weed the beds, mow the grass. I checked it in the evening. If I forgot something, I got the belt. At times it seemed to me that I was being oppressed, being strangled, not being given freedom. I remember this episode. October 9, Petukhovo. The house where the Bogomolov family lived When I was 7 years old.

I warned my friends in advance:

Let's go to the cinema.

We get up in the morning - it’s a sunny, good day. Father says:

That's it, let's go to the dacha. Our potatoes haven't been dug up yet.

I tried to argue:

Dad, I promised my friends...

I said: dig potatoes!

Of course, the father did not read Domostroy, which contains, among other things, the following words: “Discipline your son from his youth and you will rejoice for him in his maturity, and among your ill-wishers you will be able to boast about him, and your enemies will envy you.” I'm sure:

It was precisely this point of view that he adhered to, and it has its own worldly wisdom.

Over time, we moved from the adobe hut to a wooden house on Karl Marx Street. Mom and Dad slept in a small room, my younger brothers slept in the larger one, Aunt Lisa slept on a bed in the kitchen, and I occupied the Russian stove, its bricks that were generous with heat. When I was already in tenth grade, my parents bought a log house on Kirov Street from Judge Kolotova. In our minds it was a palace. Now everyone gets their own room!

My dad and mom are great workers. But there were also people of a different type in our city: they husked the seeds, looked around and were envious. I had to choose what principles to base my destiny on. My father and mother taught me to work, and I realized that the truth lies precisely in their way of life. Family, school, relatives, friends brought me to the conviction: I must do everything myself, without relying on a miracle, to fight for my future.

My parents also knew how to relax. Mom was an excellent cook. For example, homemade sausage. In a good year, I poured wine from berries into glass bottles.

My father could take a hundred grams at dinner.

Dad, in addition to the factory workers, had a friend - Yuri Ivanovich Pavlov. They met after Uncle Yura built a stove for us in a house on Karl Marx Street. Together they sometimes worked part-time, making autonomous heating in private houses. Uncle Yura installed the stoves, and dad installed pipes and bends on the threads and pulled them through the rooms. Mom became friends with Alexandra Petrovna Pavlova. It happened when they started singing ditties or songs - you couldn’t stop them. Especially “Ivanko”, “Misyats in the sky, little dawn in your retinue”. The neighbors loved listening to their duet.

It happened that the parents came from the guests, the Pavlovs accompanied them home - and all with songs.

Then mom and Aunt Shura realize:

We haven’t sung “Cranes” yet!

They turn around - and now the Bogomolovs go to see off the Pavlovs.

The parents loved each other very much. In the last year, my mother was very ill and could hardly move from room to room. Dad looked after her touchingly. Mom passed away in October 988. And that’s when dad lost his nerve. He held a forty-day wake and went to my brother Sergei, who then lived in Moldova.

He died there a few days later. He was brought to Petukhovo and buried in the cemetery, in the same enclosure with his mother.

I definitely go to my hometown on Parents’ Day to bow to their ashes. For me, dad and mom are bright people. In difficult moments of life, I look up to the sky, and it seems to me that I see this couple of wonderful people who support me.

Oleg Bogomolov. TRANSURAL REGION ON THE MAP OF RUSSIA 8 9 Oleg Bogomolov. TRANS-URALS ON THE MAP OF RUSSIA 0 Petukhovskaya school No.

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SCHOOL FLOORS

For the first four years I studied at the elementary railway school, and then I was transferred to Petukhovskaya secondary school no. She was deservedly considered one of the best in the region. It was led by Dmitry Afanasyevich Ryabov, a former front-line soldier and border guard. We were afraid of him, but we idolized him.

It used to be that we were standing on the second floor in the corridor - the class teachers lined us up. We talk freely, joke, laugh. But then the door to the director's office opens. Dmitry Afanasyevich himself is not yet visible, and all conversations stop. When he appears on the threshold, there is a dead silence and everyone involuntarily stands at attention.

Dmitry Afanasyevich knew all the students by name and surname, moreover, he knew who lived what. The school was maintained in perfect condition. The yard was swept every day - not a speck of dust could be found. Scarlet, yellow, and blue flowers grew on the garden plot. Due to some conflict with the leadership of the district, Dmitry Afanasyevich Ryabov was forced to leave for the Potanino station in the Chelyabinsk region, where he received a high award - the Order of Lenin - for his teaching activities. But that's later. And then...

A young physical education teacher, a skier, an athlete, a gymnast (unfortunately, I don’t remember his name) came to the school, and with his arrival, sports life at the school became lively.

“I would teach you to play handball,” he said at one of the lessons, “but there is no suitable room.”

We are going to Dmitry Afanasyevich. He thought and said:

We have a rabbitry. Let's refurbish it. Sports are more important.

It was a small room about twelve meters long. We removed the cages, made repairs, put up sawhorses, hung hoops, installed basketball backboards, and painted goals on the walls. The physical education teacher spent the day and evening in this hall.

If the technician doesn’t come, then I’ll turn on the stove myself. And he taught us everything. Of course, we created several handball teams. And our track and field team had no equal in the region. We considered the relay race for the prize of the newspaper “Soviet Trans-Urals” to be the main event of the year. According to the regulations, if a team wins the winning cup three times, it remains with them forever. So, in our school there are three such cups.

We always had a choir. The rehearsals were led by Irma Andreevna Suslova, and her husband Vladimir Stepanovich accompanied the accordion. We guys occupied the top row. No one had even a shadow of embarrassment or uncertainty. Irma Andreevna convinced me that I had hearing and a voice, inherited from my mother. In 1997, the choir of Petukhovskaya School No. opened a regional show of amateur performances - the concert took place in the hall of the drama theater.

Russian language and literature teacher Lyudmila Nikolaevna Panfilova organized a drama club with high school students. In the House of Culture of the Foundry and Mechanical Plant, we organized skits in front of our parents, where we made fun of funny incidents during lessons, breaks, and exams. They staged performances based on classical works. At the Pushkin evening I played the role of Evgeniy OneOdnoklassniki Oleg Bogomolov. TRANS-URALS ON THE MAP OF RUSSIA 2 gina - the cuffs and lapels of my jacket were decorated with sparkles.

There were many, if not all, extraordinary and original teachers at the school. History teacher Anatoly Fedorovich Kuzmin - we called him Morozhenka because of his damaged, ugly fingers. To maintain discipline, he “treated” someone

with a pointer. But what a smart and erudite man he was! During the course of the story, he could quote a poem or prose passage from memory, screw it into place historical anecdote, describe politician any era.

We loved asking him tricky questions, and he answered them right away. If he gave a bad mark, it was not the mark itself that was scary, but his commentary on it. Anatoly Fedorovich found such words that you will do everything so that next time this does not happen again.

A unique teacher was the mathematician Leonid Vasilyevich Trunov. He drew a circle on the board by hand, and put a dot in the center. During recess, we checked his drawing with a compass - everything matched one to one. His class was divided into three categories: ignoramuses, average students and leaders. He gave everyone separate tasks. There were four in our group: Volodya Nosov, Pasha Yakovlev, Kolya Bogatyrev and me.

Immediately after the call, Leonid Vasilyevich said:

Here are four tasks for you. Decide and leave. Don't interfere.

And somewhere in the middle of the lesson, we handed in our notebooks and left the class, trying not to attract attention to ourselves.

From time to time, Uncle Misha Semenikhin, my father’s maternal brother, a military pilot, came to visit our home. Over the years, more stars appeared on his shoulder straps: major, lieutenant colonel, colonel. A pleasant masculine aura emanated from him - stately, in shape, always knowing his worth and limits. He was my idol.

It was after meeting him that I wanted to become a military man. Mom spoke out against it, but father didn’t mind.

Just in the year of my graduation, in 1997, the first admission to the Kurgan Higher Military-Political College was announced aviation school. We, three classmates -

Volodya Nosov, Pasha Yakovlev and I agreed:

We only go here!

But I passed the medical examination alone. The requirements were high for future pilots. And the guys found some abnormalities. They were advised to apply to another school, where the commission was more friendly. They chose Perm military engineering school, entered and became professional soldiers.

At the end of June, I arrived at Uval with a suitcase full of textbooks. I come to the headquarters, and the duty officer tells me:

Young man, you are expelled.

Why? I passed the commission!

Do you see your last name circled in red? You are still young, you are not seventeen. Immediately after the exams, the cadets will take the young fighter course and take the oath. At your age, you have no right to swear an oath, and you cannot be entrusted with weapons.

The competition in that first intake was nine people per place, so the selection committee eliminated everyone they could. I understood that. In a gloomy mood, I boarded a rattling bus on route 6 and got off at the central square of Kurgan. Here I saw a large poster: “Kurgan Mechanical Engineering Institute announces admission of students.” I didn’t want to waste a year and wait for the weather, so I applied to the Faculty of Mechanics and Technology.

3 In the student audience

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At the institute I was enrolled in the M-82 group. And immediately in the fall we were sent to the collective farm to harvest the crops. They settled us in a stable shed, partitioning off a large room. I harnessed the horse and carried the boys and girls in the cart. Many of them are city dwellers, and for them it was exotic. In the collective farm canteen the menu turned out to be extremely monotonous - everything was porridge and porridge. We got tired of this, we all got together and came to the chairman of the collective farm. He ordered that we be given milk and meat. We learned to overcome difficulties and stand up for ourselves.

Sometimes I close my eyes and they appear before me: friends, comrades, buddies.

Komsomol organizer Alexey Osetrov. In the first years, we competed with him - we raced to solve problems in higher mathematics. He decided to devote himself to science. In the fifth year I was already studying individual program. As a whole group, we often gathered at the Sturgeons’ apartment. His parents are hospitable people; it gave them joy to receive and treat us. They will boil some potatoes, get some sauerkraut and pickled cucumbers. I then played the first chords on the guitar and selflessly sang songs - “Lilac Fog”, “Song about the Arbat”. Student parties are different Oleg Bogomolov. THE TRANSURAL REGION ON THE MAP OF RUSSIA depicted our life. Very soon we realized that it was most convenient to carry boiled sausage at two-eighty in a tube from under the drawings. Therefore, when a student appeared on the floor with a tube, everyone immediately suspected that something was up in his room.

The headman, Yakov Valkin, was older than us. He had already served in the army and, from the height of his worldly experience, looked down on his classmates. This, however, did not stop him from covering the passes of those who, on the eve of the weekend, went to their parents early or wanted to go to the cinema early.

I was greatly impressed by the rector Grigory Petrovich Mostalygin and the teachers higher mathematics David Kondratyevich Knol, strength of materials - Vsevolod Sergeevich Visyashchev, head of the department of metal-cutting machines and tools Yuri Aleksandrovich Rosenberg. They not only gave us knowledge, but also an example of a life position and the best human qualities.

But there were actions of teachers that, due to our maximalism, we did not accept. The longest exam was in descriptive geometry with Lyubov Nikitichna Denisova. She listened to each student to the end and bombarded them with questions. The answer thus lasted from forty minutes to an hour. I was one of the last in line. The guys and I, while waiting to be called, managed to talk about everything and sleep on the tables. We entered the classroom already after midnight.

And here’s how my classmate, trade union organizer Tatyana, remembers her student years

Pavlova (then Shevchenko): “Our group is extremely friendly. In the fourth year we had a conflict. Political economy teacher Isaac Aronovich Shlemenzon outlined his credo at a lecture:

I don't go to work for money. I am primarily interested in communicating with you.

However, he asked us very meticulously. At the exam, the first four failed.

Ah well? - we were offended. - We won’t let the guys get hurt.

And each next one took a ticket, read the questions, and said by heart:

I don’t know, and he left.

Having waited for the last one, we dropped each other in fives and the whole group went to the restaurant. The next day, Dean Yakov Abramovich Simakhin called the headman, the Komsomol organizer and the trade union organizer to the carpet.

Are you on strike?

Nowadays a strike is taken lightly, but then there was something menacing in this word. However, we have not yet forgotten about childhood and did not engage in self-torture.

We are ready. Even today,” Yasha Valkin said as an elder.

The retake went smoothly."

In the first four years we studied military science, and then went to a training camp near the city of Chebarkul, Chelyabinsk region. They wrote to their favorite girls in Kurgan about the atmosphere that reigned. Here is an example of the epistolary genre performed by Yasha Valkin: “I now serve as the most important, my rank is back high - corporal. I walk and show off around the camp, and my lonely “snot” (strap) proudly hangs on my shoulder straps. Everyone around me bows - those who are taller nod their heads, those who are shorter - at the waist. The weather is as ordered - zero degrees, point nine winds and Leningrad rain! The deacon has completely withered away, sleeps, does not undress and has not washed his face for two weeks. I wanted to go on a diet, but to do this I needed a “gut” in the health battalion

swallow (for analysis of gastric juice). So I stalled. OK it's all over Now. I kiss you on the forehead, don’t forget that I live “like a bob.”

After military training, we passed the exam and received the rank of lieutenants. Therefore, in the fifth year they already wore hair of any length, and some grew a beard and mustache.

During my college years, I did not give up my sports hobby - handball. There was no team as such at KMI - I was looking for like-minded people. And I found it. Things turned out differently. I heard, for example, that there is a good player in the basketball team, Alexander Bukhtoyarov. We only knew each other by sight.

I lived in a hostel at 00 Tomina Street, and his house at 2 Koli Myagotina Street was close by. And Alexander often visited his classmates in the dormitory - he studied in a parallel stream.

The regional championship was on. Alexander was late in his military classes and was late for the match.

The coach reproached him:

What, you couldn’t ask for time off?

Alexander objected:

I was hoping you would ask for time off.

He was not released for that game. But he didn’t come to the next one. As they say, I bit the bit. I see that the guy wants to study, but outside the team he loses himself. I met

AT THE EXAM, THE FIRST FOUR CAME OUT WITH “FAILURES.”

- AH WELL? - WE WERE OFFENDED. - WE WILL NOT GET THE GUYS TO BE OFFENSED.

AND EVERYONE TOOK A TICKET, READ THE QUESTIONS,

HE SPEAKED STILL:

- I DON’T KNOW, - AND LEFT.

him once again in the hostel and say:

Come to us and at least take a look. If you like it, you'll stay.

He himself tells about what happened next: “The little room turned out to be small, nine by twelve. The basketball court with goals was located in building “B”.

They went to play in the evenings, often at half past twelve at night. Oleg is a welterweight striker, he was good at throwing, powerful and sharp. He also gave coaching instructions. Team motor.

Much later, we were assigned a professional coach, Yuri Vasilyevich Lapin. We improved our game and won the regional championship.”

Six months before graduation, we were all sent for pre-graduation practice.

Some went to Togliatti, some to Kharkov, some to Tashkent. Our group became smaller and smaller until there were five or six people left, who got the Kurgan Machine-Building Plant.

After graduating from the institute in 972, we went our separate ways. Then many changed jobs. Each one kept a dozen classmates in sight.

In a word, everything is like everyone else. Grief brought us closer. In the winter of 989, while taking an exam from students, Yakov Ionovich Valkin, a teacher at the Kurgan Mechanical Engineering Institute, died of a heart attack. The same Yasha. The news of this shocked us. Everyone has gathered. And then we agreed:

While we are alive, let's meet more often.

Oleg Bogomolov. TRANS-URALS ON THE MAP OF RUSSIA

In the department of the chief technologist

We celebrated the twenty-fifth anniversary, then the thirtieth anniversary of graduation. Unfortunately, our classmate Nina Petrovna Snegireva (Prudnikova) passed away. The cause is a stroke. We agreed on free operations for her, but this did not help.

The qualities developed during our student years have remained with us. My classmates have weathered the trials and tribulations of the last decade and feel confident and have maintained their life goals and perspectives. Alexey Viktorovich Osetrov defended his Ph.D. thesis, worked in a research and production association near Moscow, then created his own enterprise at the Moscow Pump Plant. Alexander Ivanovich Yurchenko was the chief engineer at the plant

THE SALARY DEPENDED NOT ON HOW MANY EXPENSIVE PARTS THE WORKER MADE. THE CALCULATORS WERE CARRIED OUT ON THE CHEAPEST PRODUCTS. THIS ENCOURAGED THE CRIDES TO PREPARE THE ENTIRE NOMENCLATURE IN A FULL RANGE.

mill equipment. Alexey Nikolaevich Simanov - director at the Kurgan plant "Ikar". Viktor Ivanovich Ermak organized the limited liability company Stalsantekhmontazh. Alexander Matveevich Dostovalov managed to manage the workshop at the Kurganstalmost plant. Raisa Lukinichna Potapova worked for a long time as deputy head of the village administration in Vargashi.

7 People entered the placement committee depending on the number of points received in the exams. The more points you get, the closer you are to the front of the queue. My name is in the top ten.

There was a choice. However, at the commission everything happened quickly.

Director of the Kurgan Machine-Building Plant Mikhail Aleksandrovich Zakharov suddenly said:

I'll take this guy. For now you will live in a room in a shared kitchen, and then you will get an apartment.

His interest in me had a simple explanation. Mikhail Aleksandrovich Zakharov is a big fan and philanthropist of sports. He knew that I played handball and wanted to strengthen the factory team. My playmate Alexander was also assigned to KMZ OJSC "Kurganmashzavod"

The largest industrial enterprise in the Trans-Ural region.

On December 7, 939, an order was signed by the People's Commissar of Heavy Engineering to begin construction of the Kurgan Crane Plant. In 1997, construction of the plant resumed. July 90, the first product was released - the RM-30 gearbox.

On June 2, 9, the crane plant was renamed the Kurgan Machine-Building Plant and transferred to the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Transport Engineering. Produced artillery tractors.

On October 2, 9, by a resolution of the Central Committee of the CPSU and the Council of Ministers of the USSR, the plant was transferred to the production of infantry fighting vehicles. The BMP has been manufactured since the 9th, the BMP-2 - since the 983rd, the BMP-3 - since 987. In the twentieth century, about 0 thousand cars were created. 0 thousand were sold abroad, they were adopted by 28 armies around the world. Personnel - thousand people (JSC Kurganmashzavod + LLC ZKLZ). The area of ​​production workshops is 9 thousand square meters. Kurganmashzavod OJSC includes ten factories, five military equipment workshops, and a training ground with an area of ​​00 hectares.

In 200 it became part of the Tractor Plants concern. Products of the 21st century: armored repair and recovery vehicle BREM-L, universal chassis based on BMP, trailers for passenger cars, multi-purpose municipal construction vehicles MKSM-800, sets of parts and components, snow and swamp-going vehicles.

Oleg Bogomolov. TRANSURAL REGION ON THE MAP OF RUSSIA 8

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STUDENT

CONSTRUCTION TEAM

Even in my first year at the institute, I learned from my senior comrades that there was a regional student construction team. It was created a little earlier, in 1999, from among students of our university. There were guys then, and they worked under an agreement with PMK “Zauralselektrosetstroy”, and therefore the detachment was called “Energia”.

When the Komsomol committee recruited its next member in the spring of 1998, I also signed up for the detachment. That summer there were already 02 of us, the KMI students were joined by students from the construction college. The KMI brigade was sent to the village of Sukhmen, Polovinsky district. The poles of the old power line were damaged and were completely unusable. Along the rural street we erected poles on stepsons, erected supports for houses and a farm. And in subsequent years they did the same thing in Makushinsky, Polovinsky, Mishkinsky districts. I managed to work in a construction brigade even after being assigned. He defended his diploma in July 972, and on the 20th he was already in the village.

What attracted us to the squad? The Komsomol then used the slogan “KommuOleg Bogomolov. TRANSURAL REGION ON THE MAP OF RUSSIA 0 lowland is the youth of the world, and it should be built by the young!” We were guided by pragmatic goals: we wanted to earn money, test our strength, feel independent, and help our parents. This is who it is. We all came from poor families, so we needed money. And they paid decently in the construction teams. In two months it was possible to “forge” a thousand rubles if you worked hard from dawn to dusk. Some of our guys used construction brigade money to buy cars after graduating from college.

My father told me:

Bring money to the family.

And for five years I gave him the construction brigade’s salary. Since that last payday in 972, I bought beads at the Yakhont store and gave them to my future wife Tamara, a student at the Chelyabinsk Polytechnic Institute. We met in winter, at the wedding of Alexander and Lyudmila Bukhtoyarov. I was invited from the groom's side, and Tamara from the bride's side.

Having worked for the required three years after college, I was not happy with how things turned out living conditions our family. I did not receive the promised apartment.

We lived in an apartment in a shared kitchen, the three of us in a seventeen-meter room. There is no water every now and then. There's a queue to the toilet. At six o’clock in the morning I had to take my eldest daughter Natasha (she was two years old at the time), jump on the 2nd bus, take her to the nursery, which is not far from the Rossiya cinema, and then make it to the factory in time for the start of her shift. God forbid you be late: if you receive such a scolding, you will remember it for the rest of your life. I’m fine, but Tamara had a hard time.

One day I started talking with my classmates. Alexander Skvortsov at that time was the commander of the regional student construction detachment, and Alexander Bukhtoyarov was the commissar.

They called:

Let's go to our regional headquarters as an engineer. Although the salary is less, in a year you will get a one-room apartment.

I agreed. At the factory I received 20 rubles a month, but at the headquarters of student construction teams - only 90. But a year later I received an apartment. Actually, I didn’t work as an engineer for long. A month after I arrived at the headquarters, Alexander Bukhtoyarov was hired as the head of a department in the regional committee of the Komsomol, and I took his previous position. At the beginning of 978, Alexander Skvortsov was transferred to the construction department of the regional committee of the CPSU, and the regional committee of the Komsomol appointed me commander.

It must be said that all these years the regional student construction team has been constantly developing. In 970, boys and girls began working at the facilities of the Ministry of Communications and the Kurgankolkhozstroyobedinenie, taking in teenagers who were registered with the juvenile affairs inspectorate for re-education. In 972, 23 educational institutions already took part in the formation of the detachment. For the first time, 98 people traveled outside the region - to Tuva. One of the teams was restoring a children's park.

Students of the Kurgan Mechanical Engineering Institute, due to their preparedness, have always played a leading role in the regional detachment. In 1997, our guys installed complexes for cleaning, drying and storing grain on collective farms. Since 1998, the “Implementation” detachment has been involved in equipping and setting up test benches for the K-700 and K-70 tractors. The SKO research team has improved the technology and quality of welding. In 1997, a group of young people went to the Volgograd region for the first time to harvest tomatoes and watermelons. Since 977, our “work semester” has also included the autumn months. On the basis of the Shadrinsky Pedagogical Institute, the Industrial Pedagogical College, and the Petukhovsky College of Mechanization and Electrification of Agriculture, we created teams of combine operators for the grain harvest period.

One of the most significant objects at that time was the building of a secondary school in the village of Kazennoye, Almenevsky district. The construction was carried out by the Icarus detachment. One day I came to Kazenny to see how things were going.

Icarus commander Ivan Evgenov reports:

Everything is fine. We push ourselves to the limit. By evening the guys are already exhausted.

We had dinner. Ivan went to check how the guys were resting and found that two beds were empty. The guys returned from AWOL at two in the morning.

The commander immediately raised the truck driver and said to him:

A car of cement arrived at the Shumikha station for us. These two will load, and you will carry. You have a day off tomorrow, then you can rest, and this is a punishment.

The guys obeyed without any objections. In 977, when the school was ready for commissioning, the state commission gave the building an excellent rating. And the regional committee of the Komsomol awarded him the title “Student Quality Mark”.

The construction brigade movement is a necessary, useful, significant, serious matter.

The procedure was like this. In January, we announced recruitment through Komsomol committees. All universities and technical schools were invited to participate. Future teachers often became pioneer leaders and conductors of passenger cars, and future commodity experts stood behind the counter. The scope of activity expanded more and more. But builders were still in the highest demand. In agreement with the leaders, the regional headquarters determined the objects and scope of work. I wrote a draft resolution

IN JANUARY, WE ANNOUNCED RECRUITMENT THROUGH THE COMMITTEES OF THE KOMSOMOL. ALL UNIVERSITIES AND TECHNIQUES WERE INVITED TO PARTICIPATE. FUTURE TEACHERS OFTEN BECOME PIONEER LEADERS AND CONDUCTORS OF PASSENGER CARS, FUTURE COMMODS MANAGERS

WE STANDED BEHIND THE COUNTER.

regional executive committee and went to an appointment with deputy chairman Nikolai Nikolaevich Bryzin. In the reception room, the secretary, Antonina Kirillovna, a soul-person, will definitely give you tea. She now works in my reception area. I go into Nikolai’s office

Nikolaevich, I hand him the paper. He reads carefully, then says:

Correctly written. But it's not true.

Something will be crossed out, something will be added, based on the most pressing needs of the region.

All. Now the sailors have no questions.

The resolution determined the list of objects, the work procedure of student construction teams, and by and large contributed to an increase in production volumes and student employment in the summer.

In the spring, at the training center of the Kurgangrazhdanstroy trust, students received additional specialties - masons, plasterers, and became familiar with safety regulations. The structure was branched. It included four zonal detachments: Shumikhinsky, Shadrinsky, Petukhovsky and Kurgansky, and they included dozens of linear detachments.

The headquarters monitored the extent to which construction sites were provided with materials:

cement, brick, timber, metal. By the beginning of the season, by the day of the arrival of lineman Oleg Bogomolov. TRANSURAL REGION ON THE MAP OF RUSSIA 2

–  –  –

NO DISTURBANCES

Let's get back to the story of the era.

In the 0s and 70s, the industrial power of Kurgan and Shadrinsk grew. Production is expanding at all factories. New enterprises are emerging. In 1998, the Pipeline Fittings Plant (“Corvette”) began work, and the instrument-making plant was separated from the bus plant.

Trans-Ural workers knew how to show off their skills. There are many examples of this.

Here's one of them. By a decree of the Council of Ministers of the USSR in 970, the Shadrinsky Automotive Unit Plant was included in the KamAZ subcontractors. It was necessary to produce components for 20 thousand engines a year, to master dozens of items, including engine cooling radiators, oil radiators, cabin heater radiators, and hydraulic jacks. A standard building No. was built, for which equipment from the American company Intertex was purchased. Specialists and adjusters arrived and began installing presses and other machines. The shop manager assigned his workers to them to learn from their experience. The launch date was approaching, but the Americans could not launch the equipment at the power indicated in the product data sheet.

Plant director Alexey Ivanovich Rylkin spoke about the penalty:

We will not be able to complete the task and will suffer losses.

The damage was estimated at 20 thousand rubles (and the dollar was the official exchange rate at that time Oleg Bogomolov. TRANS-URALS ON THE MAP OF RUSSIA

–  –  –

nickname Carlo Mauri, composer Dmitry Shostakovich, musician Mstislav Rostropovich. In 980, the Gulliver puppet theater was created in Kurgan.

Collections of poems by Alexei Erantsev were sold in bookstores. I was proud that he was my fellow countryman, a native of the village of Zhidki in the Petukhovsky district. I remember the expressive sketch that the poet dedicated to Kurgan:

My city slept in the shadow of the Urals, Without taking off either my hat or my sash.

There are mushrooms in the mouth, lard in the rag, and nests in the stone ears.

Now he has risen, his cap on one side - He is baking an iron loaf.

I built a house. A cast-iron woman drove three hundred piles into the river.

A hard worker - on weekdays, on a holiday - a buster, Grows, the bones are already crunchy.

Silts fly into the right ear, From the left - swallows fly.

These lines tell about the mood of the time no less than a detailed report at the party plenum.

For almost twenty years, Philip Kirillovich Knyazev held the post of first secretary of the regional committee of the CPSU. This example of political longevity will probably never be surpassed. In general, the eighteen-year Brezhnev rule is usually called a period of stagnation in the economic and socio-political life of the country. Of course, stagnation and trends that were characteristic of the socialist system at that stage also reached the Trans-Urals. But everything useful that could be extracted for the region from that situation was extracted by its leaders.

In 1997, the construction of a plant for bridge metal structures began almost by accident in Kurgan. Here is how the then first deputy chairman of the regional executive committee, Nikolai Nikolaevich Bryzin, talks about it: “In the second half of the 0s, I worked a lot on the Kurgan branch of the South Ural Railway. I constantly dealt with the head of the road and employees of the Ministry of Railways.

And then in 1997, a tall, respectable man, a Muscovite, came into my office:

I came to Kurgan by order of the minister. In the east, preparations are being made for the construction of a major highway - the Baikal-Amur. It will require bridges and other structures. The minister told me: “I don’t know anyone in Kurgan except Bryzin. Go to him and propose.”

I went to Philip Kirillovich. He asked:

Will the products of this plant be useful to Kurgan?

Hardly. The address, as the song says, is the entire Soviet Union. But the proposal is interesting.

Agree. Look for a place.

It took a few minutes to assess the prospects of this proposal. The plant will strengthen the authority of the region, create jobs, and expand housing and social construction.

Together with the ministry's envoy, we went to the northwestern outskirts of the city.

The Zaozerny housing estate will soon be built here, and very intensively. No problems are expected with staffing.

Oleg Bogomolov. TRANS-URALS ON THE MAP OF RUSSIA

–  –  –

P. A. Matveev, F. K. Knyazev, V. P. Ushakov and A. I. Makhnev cattle on the collective farm named after. Kirov, what experience he gained while working as the first secretary of the Pritobolny district committee of the CPSU.

Deputy Director said:

You will be a foolish person if you abandon the scientific path. Essentially, you already have the material for your PhD thesis.

I was assigned Ivan Mikhailovich Burlakov, the author of university textbooks on animal science, as my scientific supervisor. And I delved into the topic “Technology and organization of intensive raising and fattening of livestock.” In 970 I was elected secretary of the regional committee for agriculture. I told Philip Kirillovich about my scientific studies. At the same time, I felt apprehension: what if he didn’t approve? The conflict was that, heading a region where the agricultural sector accounted for a significant share, Knyazev did not have a higher agricultural education; he only graduated from the Shadrinsky Technical School in the year 9. However, in the eyes of Philip Kirillovich I saw neither envy nor suspicion. His response was full of approval. In 972 I defended my dissertation.”

The most beautiful building of the 80s was the concert hall of the Philharmonic, which became cramped in the pre-revolutionary building on Kuibyshev Street. For the new building they chose the best location on the banks of the Tobol, which required demolishing the old, unsightly dormitory of the pedagogical institute. The project of a concert hall with 200 seats was prepared by Moscow architect A. A. Gorshkov. The contractor was PSMO Kurgantyazhstroy.

Dramatic events unfolded in 982, when the Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR Nikolai Aleksandrovich Tikhonov signed an order to suspend the construction of cultural and sports facilities due to a lack of funds in the union budget. By this time the building was 70% ready. The regional leaders were not at a loss. They used the pause to improve Oleg Bogomolov. TRANS-URALS ON THE MAP OF RUSSIA Hall 8. We managed to purchase Czechoslovakian lamps, and not Yerevan ones, as previously assumed. The Leningrad factory sewed the curtain - its previous order was a curtain for the Bolshoi Theater. It cost 8 thousand rubles - a colossal amount at that time, equal to the cost of three Lada cars. When Tikhonov allowed work to continue, the builders and designers were fully armed.

The festive opening of the Philharmonic concert hall took place in October 98. The concert was attended by the Bolshoi Theater violin ensemble and the symphonic and pop music orchestra of the USSR State Television and Radio.

This hall has become in a certain sense the swan song of Philip Kirillovich Knyazev. In the spring of 1998, Mikhail Sergeevich Gorbachev assumed the post of General Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee. The leader of the Kurgan communists was summoned to Moscow.

Philip Kirillovich, have you prepared a replacement for yourself?

Knyazev had just turned sixty-nine years old.

I didn't think about it at all.

There was a pause, during which Knyazev realized that he was actually being sent into retirement.

On June 2, at the plenum of the regional committee, Alexander Nikolaevich Plekhanov, who had previously worked as an inspector of the CPSU Central Committee, and even earlier as secretary of the Chelyabinsk Regional Committee for Agriculture, was elected first secretary. In 1988, almost the entire generation of previous leaders of the region retired. They were replaced by new people.

–  –  –

LINK OF THE SYSTEM

I had just turned thirty, and I began to think about my future. Leading construction teams should not be perceived as a lifelong position. I wanted something more stable. With this mood I came to the chairman of the Kurgankolkhozstroiobedinenie Kirill Ivanovich Ryasov:

Kirill Ivanovich, do you have a position for me?

Yes, sure. But still I have to call the regional party committee.

Bendarzhevsky:

Kirill Ivanovich, who gave you the right to manage our personnel? Don't you know that Oleg Alekseevich is in reserve? Where is he? Send him to me.

When I came to Bendarzhevsky, he was probably still not cooled down from that conversation.

He spoke sharply:

It is not up to you to determine where you work. Come back tomorrow morning for your appointment.

The next day, at the beginning of nine, I was already standing in the office of the head of the propaganda and agitation department, Gennady Pavlovich Ustyuzhanin. My personal file lay open in front of him.

We consulted about your future. You are an athlete, and athletes know you. Starting Monday, go to work in our department. An instructor.

Oleg Bogomolov. TRANSURAL REGION ON THE MAP OF RUSSIA You will oversee the development of physical education and sports.

The management mechanism that developed in our country in the thirties and was present until the end of the eighties is usually called the administrative-command system.

Let me quote a few lines from the work of Gavriil Kharitonovich Popov “From the point of view of an economist”:

“The basis of this system is the centralization of decisions and the punctual, rigorous, selfless and complete implementation of the Top’s projects...”

“Officiality is the basis of the administrative project. Formality removes all irrelevant conversations and relationships.”

“Truthfulness is an obligatory element of the administrative system.”

“This is a system of specific, natural, detailed guidance. This is a system of constant operational management of production from the Center.”

The Communist Party of the Soviet Union was not, of course, a party in the sense that it is understood in the West. It is an integral part of the management system, and the main, leading, coordinating one. I had the opportunity to observe and participate in her activities.

Essentially, the CPSU performed three main functions: it supervised production, proved the superiority of the socialist system over the capitalist one, and trained leadership personnel.

In the first half of the 80s we were engaged in construction. In Shadrinsk, a new building with a swimming pool was being erected for a physical education technical school. The Central Stadium in Kurgan was reconstructed. The secretary of the regional committee for construction, Gennady Sergeevich Makhalov, held planning meetings here every week. If there were not enough materials, he gave specific instructions to managers and specialists, including me. They were carried out promptly.

The secretary settled interdepartmental disputes and contradictions personally. The intervention led to an acceleration of the pace of work. In those years, the regional committee kept an eye on the construction of a stadium in Kataysk and sports complexes in Kargapol and Yurgamysh.

The ideological component of party work was its rather strong link: a system of political education covering almost the entire working population of the country, a well-structured complex of mass media (from collective farm and factory circulation to an extensive central press), the organization of socialist competition with various forms of moral and material encouragement.

Based on the results of the 1st Five-Year Plan (98-98), about two thousand workers of the Trans-Ural region were awarded orders and medals, and with anniversary medals and the “Veteran of Labor” medal, this figure was 0 people. This is the power of moral encouragement!

Honor boards, various titles - all this could not help but work for the final economic result, high productivity, safety of the public herd, high rates of development of industry and construction. New factories, schools, and hospitals were built every year. There was practically no large village without a House of Culture or a club, where artistic life did not flourish and rural sports did not develop. All this constituted ideological work, the purpose of which was the formation of a socially active personality.

At the same time, our standard of living remained low compared to many countries in the world. Our compatriots who were abroad could not help but see this. There was a gap between the theory, which denied many objective economic laws, and the real life practice of an ordinary Soviet person. And the evidence of the media, the system of political education, which tried to explain that life in the USSR was better than in the West, remained a dogma in which people believed less and less.

Why did this happen? I don’t presume to say that party propagandists lied Soviet people, criticizing the capitalist system. We can be convinced of the validity of those warnings now that the industrial and social relations of the West have come to us, to Russia. Let me remind you that we were warned that under capitalism people have no confidence in the future. That consumption takes precedence over spirituality. That the power of money drowns out natural human feelings. That unemployment is a necessary component of this mode of production. That there is inequality and poverty coexists with wealth. That violence, pornography, prostitution are valued as manifestations of personal freedom.

At the turn of the 80s and 90s, many citizens of our country stopped accepting these warnings, turning them deaf ears. This happened because by this time people were no longer satisfied with the everyday disorder that had arisen. People are tired of constantly worrying about getting food and essential goods, thinking about where to buy boots, how to buy a car, etc.

And the party was unable to resolve these difficulties that arose in the country, since the weakened centralized economy (undermined, moreover, by the so-called prohibition law and constantly increasing imports) ceased to cope with the task that was declared as the main one - to satisfy the ever-increasing needs of the population.

Achievements of science, technology, Newest technologies found application only in the military-industrial complex, while these developments were not used in the production of civilian products, they were not introduced in the countryside, in processing, light industry, etc.

The result is that we have fallen behind in many areas. I don’t know if these are miscalculations, mistakes or politics. If it was politics, then it turned out to be criminal and led to the collapse of the mighty USSR. This is apparently one of the reasons.

The third component of party work is personnel training. In this regard, the system demonstrated obvious success. Party organizations checked every young specialist. He was given public assignments - along the Komsomol, trade union lines, and in production. And although the usefulness of some assignments is not always obvious, they were necessary to assess the business qualities of an individual. If they appeared, the young specialist was enrolled in the reserve. He already knew that after some time he would take the post of chairman of the collective farm or head of the workshop. But first I must prepare myself and also take courses. The reasons for dropping out at the next stage were lack of outlook or addiction to alcohol. The rest were enlisted in the reserve for a higher leadership position. Tens of thousands of specialists have passed through such a personnel “sieve” throughout the history of the region. This made it possible to have in leadership positions people who were trained and had business qualities corresponding to these positions. The personnel selection system turned out to be reliable and quite long-term.

However, in 990 it stopped working - then the country's leaders thought that it was not needed. In 2000, we returned to it, but in a different form. More on this in one of the next chapters.

Oleg Bogomolov. TRANSURAL REGION ON THE MAP OF RUSSIA 7 Flow-ring masonry method

–  –  –

WE BUILD HOUSES,

BUILDING RELATIONSHIPS

In the fall of 1998, I took a test at the Sverdlovsk Higher Party School. On the morning of November the rector called me:

Oleg Alekseevich, a call came from the regional party committee - tomorrow you need to be in Kurgan. They will be waiting for you at the organizational department at nine o'clock in the morning.

I arrive at the appointed time. The head of the organizational department tells me:

Today is the party conference at PSMO “Kurgantyazhstroy”. We will recommend you as secretary of the party committee. So let's go.

Industrial construction and installation association "Kurgantyazhstroy"

was formed on the basis of the Order of the Ministry of Construction of Heavy Industry Enterprises dated June 98. Then the merger of construction and installation trust No. 7 and the Kurgangrazhdanstroy trust took place. The association included sixteen construction and installation departments, the mechanization department, reinforced concrete products factories No. 2, Promzhelezobeton, Remstroymash, the railway industry, the automobile enterprise No., and the housing and communal services enterprise. thousand workers, 2 communists. Huge mass! Part

–  –  –

admitted. He did not attend the first meeting of the party committee. And without his participation, all our initiatives lost momentum. I came to his office:

Evgeniy Moiseevich, I understand that I am young and inexperienced. I understand that I don’t know a lot, that I don’t control the situation like you do professionally.

(I’ll note in parentheses: I was then thirty-five years old, and he was fifty-two.) In his silence, I continue the monologue:

But, Evgeny Moiseevich, it’s not for me to explain to you that there is a common system of power and I was brought into this structure, the party entrusted me with it. Therefore, either you listen and report - or I will pose the question differently.

But Rosenbaum did not appear at the second meeting of Evgeniy Moiseevich Denmark. Then I stood up and said: Rosenbaum - I bring to your discussion the question of expelling the communist Rosenbaum from the ranks of the CPSU. For now - in the form of a proposal, but let's discuss it in a week.

At the third meeting of the party committee - it took place on December 20 - Evgeniy Moiseevich came as if nothing had happened and took his place at the table. The question was settled by itself. With all his powerful life experience, Evgeniy Moiseevich understood that I could not do otherwise. Subsequently, we worked very harmoniously and said everything we thought frankly.

“Kurgantyazhstroy”, I repeat, is a powerful enterprise. At that time we were erecting building 300-bis at KMZ, a boiler room at the Kataysky Pumping Plant, and a concert hall. There were two schools per year: one in Kurgan, the other in the countryside. 220 thousand square meters of housing were introduced annually. The association has mastered promising large-panel housing construction using the continuous conveyor method. Colleagues from many cities of the Soviet Union visited the head of SMU-8 Emma Ivanovna Litvinova. The difficulty of the assembly line was that the plant would produce exactly the panel that was needed for installation today. Our managers mastered the methodology of detailed calculations.

I immediately plunged into business and could not help but notice the shortcomings that existed in the enterprise.

He said about them at a meeting of party and economic activists in February 98:

We often come across this fact when at the beginning of the month all managers talk with confidence about the fulfillment of plans, and at the end they begin to look for reasons that could prevent them from keeping their word.

And further:

The number of truants in the association in 1998 decreased by 7 people, but there are still more than 300 of them. Every fifth of those working last year took truancy, 80 people visited a sobering-up center.

There was a problem that we didn’t think about then, but we should have: can these shortcomings be overcome within the socialist formation or not?

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The ancient history of the Trans-Ural region begins with the end of the ancient Stone Age - the Paleolithic.

The oldest site in the Kurgan region is located at former village Shikaevka, Vargashinsky district. At a depth of about 2 meters, bones of a mammoth, wolf, hare, birds, as well as stone tools made of green and red jasper were found. The age of the site is more than 11 thousand years. Large groups of primitive hunters lived at such sites for centuries, using driven hunting methods. In Western Siberia, only three Upper Paleolithic sites are known, one of which is located in the Trans-Urals.

Much more Neolithic settlements (the period of the New Stone Age, VI-IV millennium BC) are known in the Trans-Urals than sites of previous eras. These are settlements near the villages of Koshkino and Okhotino in the Belozersky district, near the village of Tashkovo in the Shadrinsky district, and near the village of Bely Yar near the city of Kurgan. The dwellings of that time were like half-dugouts and dugouts, the population was mainly engaged in hunting and fishing.

An interesting monument is still the only one of its kind in our country - the Savin-1 sanctuary, which is located in the Belozersky district. The sanctuary is located on a floodplain hill with good review area surrounded on all sides by oxbow lakes of the Tobol River. It consisted of two rings built from a ditch. In the ditch and next to it there were pits filled with animal bones, and there were pillars around the perimeter of the circle. In the northern part there were bonfires, in the southeastern part there were burials.

Similar monuments are known in Western Europe, where they are called “henges” or “rondels”. The most famous of them is Stonehenge, located near London. The sanctuaries were both ancient astronomical observatories for telling time and places for religious ceremonies. The similarity of observatory sanctuaries in large areas from the Trans-Urals to England indicates that this territory was inhabited by one community of people - the Indo-European.

The Bronze Age in the Trans-Urals covers period XVII- VIII centuries BC Currently, several hundred monuments are known in our region Bronze Age. In the 2nd millennium BC. tribes lived here, which are usually called Alakul tribes - according to the first excavated burial ground near Lake Alakul in the Shchuchansky region. Later, several settlements were found near the villages of Kamyshnoye and Raskatikha in the Pritobolny district, the village of Yazevo in the Kurtamysh district, the village of Subbotino in the Safakulevsky district, etc. The population was mainly engaged in cattle breeding and agriculture. The dwellings of the Alakul people were located in a circle, in the center of which there was a square. Such villages were closely connected with each other, and a proto-urban civilization arose. In size, the Trans-Ural settlements-proto-cities were not inferior to the famous ancient cities of the East and Europe.

In the middle of the 1st millennium BC. local tribes got acquainted with iron. Land cultivation improved, and the development of crafts, especially blacksmithing and weapons, accelerated. During this era, the forest-steppe Trans-Urals was inhabited by sedentary and semi-sedentary tribes, tribes of cattle breeders and farmers. The appearance of the tribal nobility is evidenced by the burial mounds of that time. There are more than a thousand of them in our region, but not very many large ones - from 5 to 10 meters high - have been excavated. One of them is Tsarev Kurgan, which gave the name to the current regional center. Russian pioneers founded the settlement of Tsarevo Settlement next to it, which later became known as Kurganskaya Sloboda, and then the city of Kurgan.

The Tsarev Kurgan had a height of 5.5 m, a diameter of 100 m. Under the mound there was a burial pit 3 m deep, above it there was a structure made of logs in the form of a tent. The walls of the burial were reinforced with logs and lined with blocks; in the corners there were bunks and shelves for grave goods: dishes, weapons, food, etc. In the center there is a recess for installing a sarcophagus. Before burial, a fire burned in the grave to purify the leader’s eternal habitat.

Ethnicity Scientists associate the tribes living in the Trans-Urals at that time with the Finno-Ugric population, the ancestors of the Mansi, Khanty, Hungarians and the Eastern Iranian population, which dominated the territory of our region. As a result of the movement of tribes in the 1st-2nd centuries AD. Turkization of the forest-steppe Tobol region occurred, and the settlement of the Trans-Urals by Turks began.

In the 13th century, the territory of our region became part of the sphere of influence of the Golden Horde, and later - part of the Siberian Khanate.

Russian people first became acquainted with the Trans-Ural region in the 15th century. In the process of Russian colonization of the Trans-Urals, the private initiative of Novgorod, and later Moscow, merchants and industrialists, who purchased furs in exchange for Russian goods, first prevailed. Industrial settlements - settlements, winter huts, towns - were gradually created along these routes. Christian missionaries also went east.

The movement of Russian people beyond the Stone Belt was very slow until the 16th century, and only after the fall of Kazan and Astrakhan Khanates it sped up. In 1574, Ivan the Terrible issued a charter to the Stroganov merchants for possession of the Trans-Ural lands along the Tobol River. However, there was an obstacle on the path of the explorers - Khanate of Siberia led by Khan Kuchum. In the defeat of the Khanate, a prominent role was played by Ermak’s campaign in Siberia, which was equipped by the Stroganovs. The campaign began in the fall of 1581 and lasted for a year. Under the command of Ermak, the capital of the Khanate was taken, but other detachments completed the complete defeat in 1586. From that time on, the Trans-Urals became part of the Russian state.

Ermak's Siberian campaign

Before the arrival of the Russians, four main ethnic groups lived here - Tatars, Bashkirs, Kalmyks and Kyrgyz-Kaisaks (ancestors of the Kazakhs).

Trans-Urals- a natural area adjacent to the eastern slope of the Urals in the basins of the Tobol and Ob rivers, the outlying part of the West Siberian Plain. It is located in the territories of Kurgan, Tyumen, Chelyabinsk, Sverdlovsk regions of Russia and Kostanay region of Kazakhstan.

Often in colloquial use and in the press, only the Kurgan region is referred to as the Trans-Urals.

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Notes

Literature

• Pesterev V.V. / Scientific editor: V.V. Menshchikov; Reviewers: G. E. Kornilov, A. A. Lomtsov; Kurgan State University. - Kurgan: Kurgan State Publishing House. University, 2005. - 237 p. - ISBN 5-86328-681-4.

An excerpt characterizing the Trans-Urals

- Ah, mon ami, oubliez les torts qu"on a pu avoir envers vous, pensez que c"est votre pere... peut etre a l"agonie. - She sighed. - Je vous ai tout de suite aime comme mon fils. Fiez vous a moi, Pierre. Je n"oublirai pas vos interets. [Forget, my friend, what was wronged against you. Remember that this is your father... Maybe in agony. I immediately loved you like a son. Trust me, Pierre. I will not forget your interests.]
Pierre did not understand anything; again it seemed to him even more strongly that all this should be so, and he obediently followed Anna Mikhailovna, who was already opening the door.
The door opened into the front and back. An old servant of the princesses sat in the corner and knitted a stocking. Pierre had never been to this half, did not even imagine the existence of such chambers. Anna Mikhailovna asked the girl who was ahead of them, with a decanter on a tray (calling her sweet and darling) about the health of the princesses and dragged Pierre further along the stone corridor. From the corridor, the first door to the left led to the princesses' living rooms. The maid, with the decanter, in a hurry (as everything was done in a hurry at that moment in this house) did not close the door, and Pierre and Anna Mikhailovna, passing by, involuntarily looked into the room where the eldest princess and Prince Vasily. Seeing those passing by, Prince Vasily made an impatient movement and leaned back; The princess jumped up and with a desperate gesture slammed the door with all her might, closing it.
This gesture was so unlike the princess’s usual calmness, the fear expressed on Prince Vasily’s face was so uncharacteristic of his importance that Pierre stopped, questioningly, through his glasses, looked at his leader.